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Zheng M, Chu Y, Wang Q, Wang Y, Xu J, Deng F. Advanced solid-state NMR spectroscopy and its applications in zeolite chemistry. PROGRESS IN NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY 2024; 140-141:1-41. [PMID: 38705634 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnmrs.2023.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Solid-state NMR spectroscopy (ssNMR) can provide details about the structure, host-guest/guest-guest interactions and dynamic behavior of materials at atomic length scales. A crucial use of ssNMR is for the characterization of zeolite catalysts that are extensively employed in industrial catalytic processes. This review aims to spotlight the recent advancements in ssNMR spectroscopy and its application to zeolite chemistry. We first review the current ssNMR methods and techniques that are relevant to characterize zeolite catalysts, including advanced multinuclear and multidimensional experiments, in situ NMR techniques and hyperpolarization methods. Of these, the methodology development on half-integer quadrupolar nuclei is emphasized, which represent about two-thirds of stable NMR-active nuclei and are widely present in catalytic materials. Subsequently, we introduce the recent progress in understanding zeolite chemistry with the aid of these ssNMR methods and techniques, with a specific focus on the investigation of zeolite framework structures, zeolite crystallization mechanisms, surface active/acidic sites, host-guest/guest-guest interactions, and catalytic reaction mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingji Zheng
- National Centre for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yueying Chu
- National Centre for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- National Centre for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China.
| | - Yongxiang Wang
- National Centre for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jun Xu
- National Centre for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Feng Deng
- National Centre for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China.
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Kumar Parsapur R, Hengne AM, Melinte G, Refa Koseoglu O, Hodgkins RP, Bendjeriou-Sedjerari A, Lai Z, Huang KW. Post-Synthetic Ensembling Design of Hierarchically Ordered FAU-type Zeolite Frameworks for Vacuum Gas Oil Hydrocracking. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202314217. [PMID: 37844013 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202314217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
Zeolites hold importance as catalysts and membranes across numerous industrial processes that produce most of the world's fuels and chemicals. In zeolite catalysis, the rate of molecular diffusion inside the micropore channels defines the catalyst's longevity and selectivity, thereby influencing the catalytic efficiency. Decreasing the diffusion pathlengths of zeolites to the nanoscopic level by fabricating well-organized hierarchically porous architecture can efficiently overcome their intrinsic mass-transfer limitations without losing hydrothermal stability. We report a rational post-synthetic design for synthesizing hierarchically ordered FAU-type zeolites exhibiting 2D-hexagonal (P6mm) and 3D-cubic (Ia3 ‾ ${\bar{3}}$ d) mesopore channels. The synthesis involves methodical incision of the parent zeolite into unit-cell level zeolitic fragments by in situ generated base and bulky surfactants. The micellar ensembles formed by these surfactant-zeolite interactions are subsequently reorganized into various ordered mesophases by tuning the micellar curvature with ion-specific interactions (Hofmeister effect). Unlike conventional crystallization, which offers poor control over mesophase formation due to kinetic constraints, crystalline mesostructures can be developed under dilute, mild alkaline conditions by controlled reassembly. The prepared zeolites with nanometric diffusion pathlengths have demonstrated excellent yields of naphtha and middle-distillates in vacuum gas oil hydrocracking with decreased coke deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Kumar Parsapur
- Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering and KAUST Catalysis Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amol M Hengne
- Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering and KAUST Catalysis Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
- Agency for Science, Technology, and Research, and Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, and Institute of Sustainability for Chemicals, Energy and Environment, Singapore, 138634, Singapore
| | - Georgian Melinte
- Core Labs, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Omer Refa Koseoglu
- Catalysis Center of Excellence, Research & Development Center, Saudi Aramco, Dhahran, 31311, Saudi Arabia
| | - Robert Peter Hodgkins
- Advanced Materials Team, Catalyst Center of Excellence R&D Division, Research & Development Center, Saudi Aramco, Dhahran, 31311, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anissa Bendjeriou-Sedjerari
- Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering and KAUST Catalysis Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zhiping Lai
- Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering and Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kuo-Wei Huang
- Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering and KAUST Catalysis Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
- Agency for Science, Technology, and Research, and Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, and Institute of Sustainability for Chemicals, Energy and Environment, Singapore, 138634, Singapore
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Wang G, Chen C, Li J, Yang F, Wang L, Lin X, Wu H, Zhang J. A clean method for gallium recovery and the coproduction of silica-potassium compound fertilizer and zeolite F from brown corundum fly ash. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 461:132625. [PMID: 37776778 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
Brown corundum fly ash (BCFA) is a solid waste from the brown corundum smelting process that contains abundant Ga, K, Si, and Al, but effectively extracting Ga can be challenging since most of it is located inside the particles. This study proposes a comprehensive utilization method of BCFA that combines hydrothermal leaching and alkali regeneration to extract Ga efficiently while producing silica-potassium compound fertilizer (SPCF) and zeolite F. By utilizing the transformation of phase and structure in the hydrothermal leaching process, Ga extraction is efficiently achieved. The results showed that under the conditions of 210 g/L KOH concentration, a liquidsolid ratio of 25 mL/g, and 160 °C hydrothermal leaching for 60 min, the extraction efficiencies of Ga, K, and Si were 95.91 %, 51.78 %, and 69.57 %, respectively. The solid product's effective SiO2 and K2O contents increased to 24.72 wt% and 17.74 wt%, respectively, which can be further used as SPCF for agricultural production. The hydrothermal leaching solution was regenerated by adjusting the Al/Si molar ratio and crystalizing at 160 °C for 24 h. The Si was recovered in the form of high value-added zeolite F, with only a 3.60 % loss of Ga.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gangan Wang
- School of Materials and Metallurgy, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Chaoyi Chen
- School of Materials and Metallurgy, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China.
| | - Junqi Li
- School of Materials and Metallurgy, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; Guizhou Province Dual Carbon and New Energy Technology Innovation and Development Research Institute, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Fan Yang
- School of Materials and Metallurgy, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Linzhu Wang
- School of Materials and Metallurgy, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Xin Lin
- School of Materials and Metallurgy, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Hao Wu
- School of Materials and Metallurgy, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- School of Materials and Metallurgy, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
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Simion A, Vasilescu M, Filip C, Todea M, Mureșan-Pop M, Simon S. Structural characterization of interfaces in silica core-alumina shell microspheres by solid-state NMR spectroscopy. SOLID STATE NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE 2022; 117:101773. [PMID: 35051808 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssnmr.2022.101773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Atomic-scale description of surfaces and interfaces in core-shell aluminosilicate materials is not fully elucidated, partially due to their amorphous character and complex mechanisms that govern their properties. In this paper, new insights into nanostructured core-shell aluminosilicates have been demonstrated, by using different solid-state NMR methods, i.e 29Si, 29Si cross-polarization (CP), 27Al, 27Al triple-quantum (3Q), and 1H-27Al heteronuclear correlation (HETCOR) MAS NMR. For this purpose, nanostructured silica core-alumina shell microspheres, undoped and doped with gadolinium ions respectively, obtained by a chemical synthesis based on the Stöber method for the silica core and electrostatic attraction for developing the alumina shell were studied. As a result, a new alumino-silicate layer formation was proved at the interface between silica core, where aluminum diffuses, on small scale, in the silica network, and alumina shell, where silicon ions migrate, on a larger scale, in the alumina network, leading to a stable core-shell structure. Moreover, this process is accompanied by significant local structural changes in the transition zone, particularly at the aluminum neighborhood, which is quite well understood now, with the power of solid-state NMR spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Simion
- National Center for Magnetic Resonance, Faculty of Physics, Babeș-Bolyai University, 400084, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Mihai Vasilescu
- National Center for Magnetic Resonance, Faculty of Physics, Babeș-Bolyai University, 400084, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Claudiu Filip
- National Institute for Research and Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies, 400293, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Milica Todea
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Research in Bio-Nano-Sciences, Babeș-Bolyai University, 400271, Cluj-Napoca, Romania; Department of Molecular Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400349, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Marieta Mureșan-Pop
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Research in Bio-Nano-Sciences, Babeș-Bolyai University, 400271, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Simion Simon
- National Center for Magnetic Resonance, Faculty of Physics, Babeș-Bolyai University, 400084, Cluj-Napoca, Romania; Institute for Interdisciplinary Research in Bio-Nano-Sciences, Babeș-Bolyai University, 400271, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
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Suttipat D, Yutthalekha T, Wannapakdee W, Dugkhuntod P, Wetchasat P, Kidkhunthod P, Wattanakit C. Tunable Acid-Base Bifunction of Hierarchical Aluminum-Rich Zeolites for the One-Pot Tandem Deacetalization-Henry Reaction. Chempluschem 2020; 84:1503-1507. [PMID: 31943925 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.201900315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The development of bifunctional catalysts is important in the synthesis of materials for multiple sequential reactions in one-pot tandem catalytic processes. In this context, a dealuminated acid-base bifunctional catalyst with a hierarchical aluminum-rich faujasite structure (zeolite Y) has been successfully prepared by the solid-state dealumination of NaX nanosheets with ammonium hexafluorosilicate (AHFS). The characteristic properties of catalysts were examined by means of XRD, SEM, TEM, N2 physisorption technique, ICP-OES, NH3 -TPD, CO2 -TPD, 27 Al NMR, 29 Si NMR, Al K-edge XANES, and Pyridine-FTIR. The materials exhibit a superior catalytic performance for one-pot tandem catalysis, for example, the synthesis of trans-β-nitrostyrene with a yield close to 100 % in a tandem deacetalization-Henry reaction of benzaldehyde dimethyl acetal with nitromethane. The high catalytic performance is attributed to the facile transfer of bulky molecules between acid and basic sites in the presence of hierarchical structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duangkamon Suttipat
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering School of Energy Science and Engineering and Nanocatalysts and Nanomaterials for Sustainable Energy Environment Research Network NANOTEC, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology, Rayong, 21210, Thailand
| | - Thittaya Yutthalekha
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering School of Energy Science and Engineering and Nanocatalysts and Nanomaterials for Sustainable Energy Environment Research Network NANOTEC, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology, Rayong, 21210, Thailand
| | - Wannaruedee Wannapakdee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering School of Energy Science and Engineering and Nanocatalysts and Nanomaterials for Sustainable Energy Environment Research Network NANOTEC, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology, Rayong, 21210, Thailand
| | - Pannida Dugkhuntod
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering School of Energy Science and Engineering and Nanocatalysts and Nanomaterials for Sustainable Energy Environment Research Network NANOTEC, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology, Rayong, 21210, Thailand
| | - Piraya Wetchasat
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering School of Energy Science and Engineering and Nanocatalysts and Nanomaterials for Sustainable Energy Environment Research Network NANOTEC, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology, Rayong, 21210, Thailand
| | - Pinit Kidkhunthod
- Synchrotron Light Research Institute, 111 University Avenue, Mueang District, Nakhon Ratchasima, 30000, Thailand
| | - Chularat Wattanakit
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering School of Energy Science and Engineering and Nanocatalysts and Nanomaterials for Sustainable Energy Environment Research Network NANOTEC, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology, Rayong, 21210, Thailand
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Lyu M, Chen C, Buffet JC, O’Hare D. A facile synthesis of layered double hydroxide based core@shell hybrid materials. NEW J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/c9nj06341b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
A simple and scalable co-precipitation method to obtain zeolite Z13X@Mg2Al–CO3-LDH and Mg-MOF-74@Mg2Al–CO3-LDH has been reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Lyu
- Chemistry Research Laboratory
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Oxford
- Oxford
- UK
| | - Chunping Chen
- Chemistry Research Laboratory
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Oxford
- Oxford
- UK
| | - Jean-Charles Buffet
- Chemistry Research Laboratory
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Oxford
- Oxford
- UK
| | - Dermot O’Hare
- Chemistry Research Laboratory
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Oxford
- Oxford
- UK
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Greiser S, Gluth GJG, Sturm P, Jäger C. 29Si{ 27Al}, 27Al{ 29Si} and 27Al{ 1H} double-resonance NMR spectroscopy study of cementitious sodium aluminosilicate gels (geopolymers) and gel-zeolite composites. RSC Adv 2018; 8:40164-40171. [PMID: 35558254 PMCID: PMC9091287 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra09246j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The influence of starting materials and synthesis route on the properties and the structure of cementitious sodium aluminosilicate gels is not fully understood, partly due their amorphous nature and the fact that they often contain residual reactants, which can make the results of single-pulse NMR spectroscopy applied to these materials difficult to interpret or ambiguous. To overcome some of these limitations, 29Si{27Al} TRAPDOR NMR as well as 27Al{29Si} and 27Al{1H} REDOR NMR spectroscopy were applied to materials synthesized by the one-part alkali-activation route from three different amorphous silica starting materials, including rice husk ash. The latter led to formation of a fully amorphous sodium aluminosilicate gel (geopolymer), while the materials produced from the other silicas contained amorphous phase and crystalline zeolites. Application of the double-resonance NMR methods allowed to identify hydrous alumina gel domains in the rice husk ash-based material as well as significantly differing amounts of residual silica in the three cured materials. Four-coordinated Al existed not only in the aluminosilicate gel framework but also in a water-rich chemical environment with only a small amount of Si in proximity, likely in the alumina gel or possibly present as extra-framework Al in the aluminosilicate gel. The results demonstrate how the employment of different silica starting materials determines the phase assemblage of one-part alkali-activated materials, which in turn influences their engineering properties such as the resistance against chemically/biologically aggressive media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Greiser
- Division 1.3 Structure Analysis, Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM) Richard-Willstätter-Str. 11 12489 Berlin Germany
| | - Gregor J G Gluth
- Division 7.4 Technology of Construction Materials, Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM) Unter den Eichen 87 12205 Berlin Germany
| | - Patrick Sturm
- Division 7.4 Technology of Construction Materials, Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM) Unter den Eichen 87 12205 Berlin Germany
| | - Christian Jäger
- Division 1.3 Structure Analysis, Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM) Richard-Willstätter-Str. 11 12489 Berlin Germany
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Nagashima H, Lilly Thankamony AS, Trébosc J, Montagne L, Kerven G, Amoureux JP, Lafon O. Observation of proximities between spin-1/2 and quadrupolar nuclei in solids: Improved robustness to chemical shielding using adiabatic symmetry-based recoupling. SOLID STATE NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE 2018; 94:7-19. [PMID: 30103084 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssnmr.2018.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Revised: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We introduce a novel heteronuclear dipolar recoupling based on the R21-1 symmetry, which uses the tanh/tan (tt) shaped pulse as a basic inversion element and is denoted R21-1(tt). Using first-order average Hamiltonian theory, we show that this sequence is non-γ-encoded and that it reintroduces the |m| = 1 spatial component of the Chemical Shift Anisotropy (CSA) of the irradiated isotope and its heteronuclear dipolar interactions. Using numerical simulations and one-dimensional (1D) 27Al-{31P} through-space D-HMQC (Dipolar Heteronuclear Multiple-Quantum Correlation) experiments on VPI-5, we compare the performances of this recoupling to those of other non-γ-encoded |m| = 1 heteronuclear recoupling schemes: REDOR (Rotational-Echo DOuble Resonance), SFAM (Simultaneous Frequency and Amplitude Modulation) and R42-1(tt). Such comparison indicates that the R21-1(tt) scheme is more robust to CSA, offset and radiofrequency field inhomogeneities than the other schemes. We take advantage of the high robustness of R21-1(tt) to CSA and offset to demonstrate the possibility to correlate the signals of 207Pb isotope with those of neighboring half-integer spin quadrupolar nuclei. Such approach is demonstrated experimentally by acquiring 11B-{207Pb} D-HMQC 2D spectra of Pb4O(BO3)2 crystalline powder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Nagashima
- Univ. Lille, CNRS-8181, UCCS-Unit of Catalysis and Chemistry of Solids, F-59000, Lille, France; Interdisciplinary Research Center for Catalytic Chemistry, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8565, Japan
| | | | - Julien Trébosc
- Univ. Lille, CNRS-8181, UCCS-Unit of Catalysis and Chemistry of Solids, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Lionel Montagne
- Univ. Lille, CNRS-8181, UCCS-Unit of Catalysis and Chemistry of Solids, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Gwendal Kerven
- Univ. Lorraine, CNRS-7036, CRM2, F-54506, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Jean-Paul Amoureux
- Univ. Lille, CNRS-8181, UCCS-Unit of Catalysis and Chemistry of Solids, F-59000, Lille, France; Bruker Biospin, 34 rue de l'industrie, F-67166, Wissembourg, France.
| | - Olivier Lafon
- Univ. Lille, CNRS-8181, UCCS-Unit of Catalysis and Chemistry of Solids, F-59000, Lille, France; Institut Universitaire de France, 1 rue Descartes, F-75231, Paris, France.
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Chen K, Abdolrhamani M, Sheets E, Freeman J, Ward G, White JL. Direct Detection of Multiple Acidic Proton Sites in Zeolite HZSM-5. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:18698-18704. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b10940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kuizhi Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078, United States
| | - Maryam Abdolrhamani
- Department of Chemistry, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078, United States
| | - Eric Sheets
- Department of Chemistry, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078, United States
| | - Jeremy Freeman
- Department of Chemistry, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078, United States
| | - Garrett Ward
- Department of Chemistry, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078, United States
| | - Jeffery L. White
- Department of Chemistry, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078, United States
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