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Eldeeb D, Ikeda Y, Hojo H, Ohba S. Unraveling the hidden complexity: Exploring dental tissues through single-cell transcriptional profiling. Regen Ther 2024; 27:218-229. [PMID: 38596822 PMCID: PMC11002530 DOI: 10.1016/j.reth.2024.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Understanding the composition and function of cells constituting tissues and organs is vital for unraveling biological processes. Single-cell analysis has allowed us to move beyond traditional methods of categorizing cell types. This innovative technology allows the transcriptional and epigenetic profiling of numerous individual cells, leading to significant insights into the development, homeostasis, and pathology of various organs and tissues in both animal models and human samples. In this review, we delve into the outcomes of major investigations using single-cell transcriptomics to decipher the cellular composition of mammalian teeth and periodontal tissues. The recent single-cell transcriptome-based studies have traced in detail the dental epithelium-ameloblast lineage and dental mesenchyme lineages in the mouse incisors and the tooth germ of both mice and humans; unraveled the microenvironment, the identity of niche cells, and cellular intricacies in the dental pulp; shed light on the molecular mechanisms orchestrating root formation; and characterized cellular dynamics of the periodontal ligament. Additionally, cellular components in dental pulps were compared between healthy and carious teeth at a single-cell level. Each section of this review contributes to a comprehensive understanding of tooth biology, offering valuable insights into developmental processes, niche cell identification, and the molecular secrets of the dental environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dahlia Eldeeb
- Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Physiology, Division of Biomedical Sciences, Nihon University School of Medicine, Japan
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, Egypt
| | - Yuki Ikeda
- Department of Tissue and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, Japan
| | - Hironori Hojo
- Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Ohba
- Department of Tissue and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, Japan
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Park S, Cho SW. Bioengineering toolkits for potentiating organoid therapeutics. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2024; 208:115238. [PMID: 38447933 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2024.115238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Organoids are three-dimensional, multicellular constructs that recapitulate the structural and functional features of specific organs. Because of these characteristics, organoids have been widely applied in biomedical research in recent decades. Remarkable advancements in organoid technology have positioned them as promising candidates for regenerative medicine. However, current organoids still have limitations, such as the absence of internal vasculature, limited functionality, and a small size that is not commensurate with that of actual organs. These limitations hinder their survival and regenerative effects after transplantation. Another significant concern is the reliance on mouse tumor-derived matrix in organoid culture, which is unsuitable for clinical translation due to its tumor origin and safety issues. Therefore, our aim is to describe engineering strategies and alternative biocompatible materials that can facilitate the practical applications of organoids in regenerative medicine. Furthermore, we highlight meaningful progress in organoid transplantation, with a particular emphasis on the functional restoration of various organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sewon Park
- Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Woo Cho
- Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea; Center for Nanomedicine, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea; Graduate Program of Nano Biomedical Engineering (NanoBME), Advanced Science Institute, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea.
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Hermans F, Hasevoets S, Vankelecom H, Bronckaers A, Lambrichts I. From Pluripotent Stem Cells to Organoids and Bioprinting: Recent Advances in Dental Epithelium and Ameloblast Models to Study Tooth Biology and Regeneration. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2024:10.1007/s12015-024-10702-w. [PMID: 38498295 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-024-10702-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Ameloblasts are the specialized dental epithelial cell type responsible for enamel formation. Following completion of enamel development in humans, ameloblasts are lost and biological repair or regeneration of enamel is not possible. In the past, in vitro models to study dental epithelium and ameloblast biology were limited to freshly isolated primary cells or immortalized cell lines, both with limited translational potential. In recent years, large strides have been made with the development of induced pluripotent stem cell and organoid models of this essential dental lineage - both enabling modeling of human dental epithelium. Upon induction with several different signaling factors (such as transforming growth factor and bone morphogenetic proteins) these models display elevated expression of ameloblast markers and enamel matrix proteins. The advent of 3D bioprinting, and its potential combination with these advanced cellular tools, is poised to revolutionize the field - and its potential for tissue engineering, regenerative and personalized medicine. As the advancements in these technologies are rapidly evolving, we evaluate the current state-of-the-art regarding in vitro cell culture models of dental epithelium and ameloblast lineage with a particular focus toward their applicability for translational tissue engineering and regenerative/personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Hermans
- Department of Cardiology and Organ Systems (COS), Biomedical Research Institute (BIOMED), Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, 3590, Belgium.
| | - Steffie Hasevoets
- Department of Cardiology and Organ Systems (COS), Biomedical Research Institute (BIOMED), Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, 3590, Belgium
| | - Hugo Vankelecom
- Laboratory of Tissue Plasticity in Health and Disease, Cluster of Stem Cell and Developmental Biology, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
| | - Annelies Bronckaers
- Department of Cardiology and Organ Systems (COS), Biomedical Research Institute (BIOMED), Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, 3590, Belgium
| | - Ivo Lambrichts
- Department of Cardiology and Organ Systems (COS), Biomedical Research Institute (BIOMED), Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, 3590, Belgium.
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Kim HY, Cooley V, Kim EJ, Li S, Lee JM, Sheyfer D, Liu W, Klein OD, Joester D, Jung HS. Adult dental epithelial stem cell-derived organoids deposit hydroxylapatite biomineral. Int J Oral Sci 2023; 15:55. [PMID: 38062012 PMCID: PMC10703793 DOI: 10.1038/s41368-023-00257-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Ameloblasts are specialized cells derived from the dental epithelium that produce enamel, a hierarchically structured tissue comprised of highly elongated hydroxylapatite (OHAp) crystallites. The unique function of the epithelial cells synthesizing crystallites and assembling them in a mechanically robust structure is not fully elucidated yet, partly due to limitations with in vitro experimental models. Herein, we demonstrate the ability to generate mineralizing dental epithelial organoids (DEOs) from adult dental epithelial stem cells (aDESCs) isolated from mouse incisor tissues. DEOs expressed ameloblast markers, could be maintained for more than five months (11 passages) in vitro in media containing modulators of Wnt, Egf, Bmp, Fgf and Notch signaling pathways, and were amenable to cryostorage. When transplanted underneath murine kidney capsules, organoids produced OHAp crystallites similar in composition, size, and shape to mineralized dental tissues, including some enamel-like elongated crystals. DEOs are thus a powerful in vitro model to study mineralization process by dental epithelium, which can pave the way to understanding amelogenesis and developing regenerative therapy of enamel.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Victoria Cooley
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
- X-ray Science Division, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, USA
| | - Eun-Jung Kim
- Division in Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Department of Oral Biology, Oral Science Research Center, BK21 FOUR Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
| | - Shujin Li
- Division in Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Department of Oral Biology, Oral Science Research Center, BK21 FOUR Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong-Min Lee
- Division in Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Department of Oral Biology, Oral Science Research Center, BK21 FOUR Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dina Sheyfer
- X-ray Science Division, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, USA
| | - Wenjun Liu
- X-ray Science Division, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, USA
| | - Ophir D Klein
- Department of Orofacial Sciences and Program in Craniofacial Biology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Cedars-Sinai Guerin Children's, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Derk Joester
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Han-Sung Jung
- Division in Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Department of Oral Biology, Oral Science Research Center, BK21 FOUR Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea.
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Morsczeck C, De Pellegrin M, Reck A, Reichert TE. Evaluation of Current Studies to Elucidate Processes in Dental Follicle Cells Driving Osteogenic Differentiation. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2787. [PMID: 37893160 PMCID: PMC10604663 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11102787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
When research on osteogenic differentiation in dental follicle cells (DFCs) began, projects focused on bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling. The BMP pathway induces the transcription factor DLX3, whichh in turn induces the BMP signaling pathway via a positive feedback mechanism. However, this BMP2/DLX3 signaling pathway only seems to support the early phase of osteogenic differentiation, since simultaneous induction of BMP2 or DLX3 does not further promote differentiation. Recent data showed that inhibition of classical protein kinase C (PKCs) supports the mineralization of DFCs and that osteogenic differentiation is sensitive to changes in signaling pathways, such as protein kinase B (PKB), also known as AKT. Small changes in the lipidome seem to confirm the participation of AKT and PKC in osteogenic differentiation. In addition, metabolic processes, such as fatty acid biosynthesis, oxidative phosphorylation, or glycolysis, are essential for the osteogenic differentiation of DFCs. This review article attempts not only to bring the various factors into a coherent picture of osteogenic differentiation in DFCs, but also to relate them to recent developments in other types of osteogenic progenitor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Morsczeck
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany (A.R.); (T.E.R.)
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