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Xia ZY, Sun MM, Jin Y, Yao LG, Su MZ, Liang LF, Wang H, Guo YW. Lobosteroids A-F: Six New Highly Oxidized Steroids from the Chinese Soft Coral Lobophytum sp. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:457. [PMID: 37623738 PMCID: PMC10456462 DOI: 10.3390/md21080457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
To explore the steroidal constituents of the soft coral Lobophytum sp. at the coast of Xuwen County, Guangdong Province, China, a chemical investigation of the above-mentioned soft coral was carried out. After repeated column chromatography over silica gel, Sephadex LH-20, and reversed-phase HPLC, six new steroids, namely lobosteroids A-F (1-6), along with four known compounds 7-10, were obtained. Their structures were determined by extensive spectroscopic analysis and comparison with the spectral data reported in the literature. Among them, the absolute configuration of 1 was determined by X-ray diffraction analysis using Cu Kα radiation. These steroids were characterized by either the presence of an α,β-α',β'-unsaturated carbonyl, or an α,β-unsaturated carbonyl moiety in ring A, or the existence of a 5α,8α-epidioxy system in ring B, as well as diverse oxidation of side chains. The antibacterial bioassays showed that all isolated steroids exhibited significant inhibitory activities against the fish pathogenic bacteria Streptococcus parauberis FP KSP28, Phoyobacterium damselae FP2244, and Streptococcus parauberis SPOF3K, with IC90 values ranging from 0.1 to 11.0 µM. Meanwhile, compounds 2 and 6-10 displayed potent inhibitory effects against the vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium bacterium G7 with IC90 values ranging from 4.4 to 18.3 µM. Therefore, ten highly oxidized steroids with strong antibacterial activities were isolated from the Chinese soft coral Lobophytum sp., which could be developed as new chemotypes of antibacterial drug leads.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Yi Xia
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals and College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China;
| | - Man-Man Sun
- Shandong Laboratory of Yantai Drug Discovery, Bohai Rim Advanced Research Institute for Drug Discovery, 198 Binhai East Road, High-Tech Zone, Yantai 264117, China; (M.-M.S.); (Y.J.); (L.-G.Y.); (M.-Z.S.)
| | - Yang Jin
- Shandong Laboratory of Yantai Drug Discovery, Bohai Rim Advanced Research Institute for Drug Discovery, 198 Binhai East Road, High-Tech Zone, Yantai 264117, China; (M.-M.S.); (Y.J.); (L.-G.Y.); (M.-Z.S.)
| | - Li-Gong Yao
- Shandong Laboratory of Yantai Drug Discovery, Bohai Rim Advanced Research Institute for Drug Discovery, 198 Binhai East Road, High-Tech Zone, Yantai 264117, China; (M.-M.S.); (Y.J.); (L.-G.Y.); (M.-Z.S.)
| | - Ming-Zhi Su
- Shandong Laboratory of Yantai Drug Discovery, Bohai Rim Advanced Research Institute for Drug Discovery, 198 Binhai East Road, High-Tech Zone, Yantai 264117, China; (M.-M.S.); (Y.J.); (L.-G.Y.); (M.-Z.S.)
| | - Lin-Fu Liang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, 498 South Shaoshan Road, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Hong Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals and College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China;
| | - Yue-Wei Guo
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals and College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China;
- Shandong Laboratory of Yantai Drug Discovery, Bohai Rim Advanced Research Institute for Drug Discovery, 198 Binhai East Road, High-Tech Zone, Yantai 264117, China; (M.-M.S.); (Y.J.); (L.-G.Y.); (M.-Z.S.)
- School of Medicine, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Bao Shan District, Shanghai 200444, China
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Enzyme Inhibitors from Gorgonians and Soft Corals. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:md21020104. [PMID: 36827145 PMCID: PMC9963996 DOI: 10.3390/md21020104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
For decades, gorgonians and soft corals have been considered promising sources of bioactive compounds, attracting the interest of scientists from different fields. As the most abundant bioactive compounds within these organisms, terpenoids, steroids, and alkaloids have received the highest coverage in the scientific literature. However, enzyme inhibitors, a functional class of bioactive compounds with high potential for industry and biomedicine, have received much less notoriety. Thus, we revised scientific literature (1974-2022) on the field of marine natural products searching for enzyme inhibitors isolated from these taxonomic groups. In this review, we present representative enzyme inhibitors from an enzymological perspective, highlighting, when available, data on specific targets, structures, potencies, mechanisms of inhibition, and physiological roles for these molecules. As most of the characterization studies for the new inhibitors remain incomplete, we also included a methodological section presenting a general strategy to face this goal by accomplishing STRENDA (Standards for Reporting Enzymology Data) project guidelines.
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Aboutabl EA, Selim NM, Azzam SM, Michel CG, Hegazy MF, Ali AM, Hussein AA. Polyhydroxy Sterols Isolated from the Red Sea Soft Coral Lobophytum crassum and their Cytotoxic Activity. Nat Prod Commun 2017. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1701200223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
One new (1) together with four known sterols (2 - 5) and a sesquiterpene (6) were isolated from a polar extract of the Red Sea soft coral Lobophytum crassum. The compounds were identified as 24-methylenecholest-5-ene-1α,3 1α,11α-triol 1-acetate (1), 24-methylenecholest-5-ene-1α,3β,11α-triol (2), 24-methylenecholest-5-ene-3β-ol (3), 24-methylenecholestane-1α,3β,5a,6P,1-pentol (4), 24-methylenecholestane-3β,5α,6β-triol (5) and alismoxide (6) based on extensive NMR analysis. The cytotoxicity of compounds 1 - 6 was evaluated in vitro using three human cancer cell lines viz., HepG2, Hep-2 and HCT-116. Compound 1 showed selective cytotoxic activity against HepG2, while 3 exhibited cytotoxicity against all tested cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elsayed A. Aboutabl
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, El-Kasr El-Einy st. Cairo, 11432, Egypt
| | - Nabil M. Selim
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, El-Kasr El-Einy st. Cairo, 11432, Egypt
| | - Shadia M Azzam
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, El-Kasr El-Einy st. Cairo, 11432, Egypt
| | - Camilia G. Michel
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, El-Kasr El-Einy st. Cairo, 11432, Egypt
| | - Mohamed F. Hegazy
- Phytochemistry department, National Research Center, El-behooth st. Giza, Egypt
| | - Abdelhamid M. Ali
- National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, Attaka P.O. Box, 182, Suez, Egypt
| | - Ahmed A. Hussein
- Department of Chemistry, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Bellville Campus, PO Box 1906, Bellville 7535, South Africa
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New cytotoxic and anti-inflammatory steroids from the soft coral Klyxum flaccidum. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2016; 26:3253-3257. [PMID: 27256910 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.05.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Revised: 05/13/2016] [Accepted: 05/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Four new steroids, namely klyflaccisteroids G-J (1-4) were isolated from the Formosan soft coral Klyxum flaccidum. The structures of compounds 1-4 were established by spectral data analysis (IR, MS, 1D and 2D NMR) and comparison of spectral data with those of the related known compounds. Cytotoxicity assay revealed that 4 exhibited inhibition activity against the growth of HT-29, P388 and K562 cancer cell lines, whereas 2 showed selective cytotoxicity toward P388 cells. Compound 4 was also found to display significant anti-inflammatory activity for suppressing superoxide anion generation (O2(-)) and elastase release.
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Rahelivao MP, Gruner M, Lübken T, Islamov D, Kataeva O, Andriamanantoanina H, Bauer I, Knölker HJ. Chemical constituents of the soft corals Sinularia vanderlandi and Sinularia gravis from the coast of Madagascar. Org Biomol Chem 2015; 14:989-1001. [PMID: 26626232 DOI: 10.1039/c5ob02280k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The crude extracts of the Madagascan soft corals Sinularia vanderlandi and Sinularia gravis (Alcyoniidae) showed activity against Plasmodium falciparum which led us to study their chemical constituents. The new cadinane-type sesquiterpenoid vanderlandin (1) has been obtained from S. vanderlandi along with 24-methylenecholesterol (2). Four new compounds, the spatane-type diterpenoid gravilin (3), the monoalkylmonoacylglycerol 4, the dihomoditerpenoid ketone 5, and isodecaryiol (9), along with the three known compounds (+)-(S)-geranyllinalool (6), (-)-(R)-nephthenol (7), and 11,12-epoxysarcophytol A (8) have been isolated from the methanol extract of S. gravis. The structures were elucidated based on extensive spectroscopic methods, in particular various 2D NMR techniques. The structure of isodecaryiol (9) including its absolute configuration could be confirmed by X-ray diffraction.
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Xu DH, Wang LH, Mei XT, Li BJ, Lv JL, Xu SB. Protective effects of seahorse extracts in a rat castration and testosterone-induced benign prostatic hyperplasia model and mouse oligospermatism model. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2014; 37:679-688. [PMID: 24607683 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2014.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2013] [Revised: 01/30/2014] [Accepted: 02/01/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of seahorse (Hippocampus spp.) extracts in a rat model of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and mouse model of oligospermatism. Compared to the sham operated group, castration and testosterone induced BPH, indicated by increased penile erection latency; decreased penis nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity; reduced serum acid phosphatase (ACP) activity; increased prostate index; and epithelial thickening, increased glandular perimeter, increased proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) index and upregulation of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) in the prostate. Seahorse extracts significantly ameliorated the histopathological changes associated with BPH, reduced the latency of penile erection and increased penile NOS activity. Administration of seahorse extracts also reversed epididymal sperm viability and motility in mice treated with cyclophosphamide (CP). Seahorse extracts have potential as a candidate marine drug for treating BPH without inducing the side effects of erectile dysfunction (ED) or oligospermatism associated with the BPH drug finasteride.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Hui Xu
- Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Marine Drugs, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
| | - Li-Hong Wang
- Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Marine Drugs, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Xue-Ting Mei
- Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Marine Drugs, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Bing-Ji Li
- Research Center of Yi-Da-Zhou Marine Biology, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Jun-Li Lv
- Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Marine Drugs, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Shi-Bo Xu
- Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Marine Drugs, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
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Two new cembrane-based diterpenoids from the marine soft coral Sinularia crassa. Molecules 2012; 17:5422-9. [PMID: 22569421 PMCID: PMC6268420 DOI: 10.3390/molecules17055422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2012] [Revised: 05/04/2012] [Accepted: 05/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Two new cembrane diterpenes, sicrassarines A and B (compounds 1 and 2), were isolated from the Taiwanese soft coral Sinularia crassa. The structures of the new metabolites were determined on the basis of extensive spectroscopic analysis, particularly mass spectroscopy and 2D NMR (1H–1H COSY, HMQC, HMBC, and NOESY) spectroscopy.
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Chao CH, Chou KJ, Huang CY, Wen ZH, Hsu CH, Wu YC, Dai CF, Sheu JH. Steroids from the soft coral Sinularia crassa. Mar Drugs 2012; 10:439-450. [PMID: 22412811 PMCID: PMC3297007 DOI: 10.3390/md10020439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2012] [Revised: 02/07/2012] [Accepted: 02/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
One new sterol, crassarosterol A (1), and four new steroidal glycosides, crassarosterosides A–D (2–5) were isolated from the Formosan soft coral Sinularia crassa. The absolute configuration of 1 was determined using the Mosher’s method. The absolute configurations for the sugar moieties of 2–5 were determined by HPLC analysis on the o-tolylthiocarbamates derived from the liberated sugar after acid hydrolysis. Compounds 2 and 4 could significantly inhibit the expression of pro-inflammatory iNOS protein at 10 µM. In contrast, 1–3 were found to stimulate the expression of COX-2 protein at this concentration. Steroids 1 and 4 also showed cytotoxicity toward the selected human liver cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Hua Chao
- Chinese Medicinal Research and Development Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40402, Taiwan;
- China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan
| | - Kuei-Ju Chou
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan; (K.-J.C.); (C.-Y.H.); (Z.-H.W.); (C.-H.H.)
| | - Chiung-Yao Huang
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan; (K.-J.C.); (C.-Y.H.); (Z.-H.W.); (C.-H.H.)
| | - Zhi-Hong Wen
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan; (K.-J.C.); (C.-Y.H.); (Z.-H.W.); (C.-H.H.)
- Asian Pacific Ocean Research Center, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Hsin Hsu
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan; (K.-J.C.); (C.-Y.H.); (Z.-H.W.); (C.-H.H.)
- Asian Pacific Ocean Research Center, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
| | - Yang-Chang Wu
- Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan;
| | - Chang-Feng Dai
- Institute of Oceanography, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan;
| | - Jyh-Horng Sheu
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan; (K.-J.C.); (C.-Y.H.); (Z.-H.W.); (C.-H.H.)
- Asian Pacific Ocean Research Center, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; ; Tel.: +886-7-5252000 (ext. 5030); Fax: +886-7-5255020
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9
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Chao CH, Chou KJ, Huang CY, Wen ZH, Hsu CH, Wu YC, Dai CF, Sheu JH. Bioactive cembranoids from the soft coral Sinularia crassa. Mar Drugs 2011; 9:1955-1968. [PMID: 22073004 PMCID: PMC3210613 DOI: 10.3390/md9101955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2011] [Revised: 09/26/2011] [Accepted: 10/09/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Eight new cembranoids, crassarines A–H (1–8) were isolated from the Formosan soft coral Sinularia crassa. Compounds 1–3 represent the rare cembranoids with a 1,12-oxa-bridged tetrahydrofuran ring, while 4 and 5 are the firstly discovered 1,11-oxa-bridged tetrahydropyranocembranoids. The absolute configuration of 6 was determined using the Mosher’s method. Compounds 6 and 8 were found to significantly inhibit the expression of both pro-inflammatory iNOS and COX-2 proteins at 10 μM, respectively, while compounds 4–8 were found to be non-cytotoxic toward the selected human liver cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Hua Chao
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan; E-Mails: (C.-H.C.); (K.-J.C.); (C.-Y.H.); (Z.-H.W.); (C.-H.H.)
- Chinese Medicinal Research and Development Center, China Medical University and Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Kuei-Ju Chou
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan; E-Mails: (C.-H.C.); (K.-J.C.); (C.-Y.H.); (Z.-H.W.); (C.-H.H.)
| | - Chiung-Yao Huang
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan; E-Mails: (C.-H.C.); (K.-J.C.); (C.-Y.H.); (Z.-H.W.); (C.-H.H.)
| | - Zhi-Hong Wen
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan; E-Mails: (C.-H.C.); (K.-J.C.); (C.-Y.H.); (Z.-H.W.); (C.-H.H.)
- Asian Pacific Ocean Research Center, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Hsin Hsu
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan; E-Mails: (C.-H.C.); (K.-J.C.); (C.-Y.H.); (Z.-H.W.); (C.-H.H.)
- Asian Pacific Ocean Research Center, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
| | - Yang-Chang Wu
- College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan; E-Mail:
| | - Chang-Feng Dai
- Institute of Oceanography, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; E-Mail:
| | - Jyh-Horng Sheu
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan; E-Mails: (C.-H.C.); (K.-J.C.); (C.-Y.H.); (Z.-H.W.); (C.-H.H.)
- Asian Pacific Ocean Research Center, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +886-7-5252000 ext. 5030; Fax: +886-7-5255020
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Sarma NS, Krishna MS, Pasha SG, Rao TSP, Venkateswarlu Y, Parameswaran PS. Marine Metabolites: The Sterols of Soft Coral. Chem Rev 2009; 109:2803-28. [PMID: 19435309 DOI: 10.1021/cr800503e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nittala S. Sarma
- School of Chemistry, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam-530 003, India, OCD I, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad-500 007, India, and National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula, Goa-403 004, India
| | - Moturi S. Krishna
- School of Chemistry, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam-530 003, India, OCD I, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad-500 007, India, and National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula, Goa-403 004, India
| | - Sk. Gouse Pasha
- School of Chemistry, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam-530 003, India, OCD I, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad-500 007, India, and National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula, Goa-403 004, India
| | - Thota S. Prakasa Rao
- School of Chemistry, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam-530 003, India, OCD I, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad-500 007, India, and National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula, Goa-403 004, India
| | - Y. Venkateswarlu
- School of Chemistry, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam-530 003, India, OCD I, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad-500 007, India, and National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula, Goa-403 004, India
| | - P. S. Parameswaran
- School of Chemistry, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam-530 003, India, OCD I, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad-500 007, India, and National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula, Goa-403 004, India
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Mayer AMS, Rodríguez AD, Berlinck RGS, Hamann MT. Marine pharmacology in 2003-4: marine compounds with anthelmintic antibacterial, anticoagulant, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, antimalarial, antiplatelet, antiprotozoal, antituberculosis, and antiviral activities; affecting the cardiovascular, immune and nervous systems, and other miscellaneous mechanisms of action. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2007; 145:553-81. [PMID: 17392033 PMCID: PMC2151674 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2007.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2006] [Revised: 01/29/2007] [Accepted: 01/30/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The current marine pharmacology review that covers the peer-reviewed literature during 2003 and 2004 is a sequel to the authors' 1998-2002 reviews, and highlights the preclinical pharmacology of 166 marine chemicals derived from a diverse group of marine animals, algae, fungi and bacteria. Anthelmintic, antibacterial, anticoagulant, antifungal, antimalarial, antiplatelet, antiprotozoal, antituberculosis or antiviral activities were reported for 67 marine chemicals. Additionally 45 marine compounds were shown to have significant effects on the cardiovascular, immune and nervous system as well as possessing anti-inflammatory effects. Finally, 54 marine compounds were reported to act on a variety of molecular targets and thus may potentially contribute to several pharmacological classes. Thus, during 2003-2004, research on the pharmacology of marine natural products which involved investigators from Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Belgium, Canada, China, France, Germany, India, Indonesia, Israel, Italy, Japan, Mexico, Morocco, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Panama, the Philippines, Portugal, Russia, Slovenia, South Korea, Spain, Thailand, Turkey, United Kingdom, and the United States, contributed numerous chemical leads for the continued global search for novel therapeutic agents with broad spectrum activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro M S Mayer
- Department of Pharmacology, Chicago College of Osteopathic Medicine, Midwestern University, 555 31st Street, Downers Grove, Illinois 60515, USA.
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Radhika P. Chemical constituents and biological activities of the soft corals of genus Cladiella: A review. BIOCHEM SYST ECOL 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bse.2006.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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13
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Abstract
This review covers the literature published in 2004 for marine natural products, with 693 citations (491 for the period January to December 2004) referring to compounds isolated from marine microorganisms and phytoplankton, green algae, brown algae, red algae, sponges, coelenterates, bryozoans, molluscs, tunicates and echinoderms. The emphasis is on new compounds (716 for 2004), together with their relevant biological activities, source organisms and country of origin. Biosynthetic studies (8), and syntheses (80), including those that lead to the revision of structures or stereochemistries, have been included.
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Affiliation(s)
- John W Blunt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand.
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Abstract
This article reviews the progress in the chemistry of the steroids that was published between January and December 2004. The reactions and partial synthesis of estrogens, androgens, pregnanes, cholic acid derivatives, cholestanes and vitamin D analogues are covered. There are 127 references.
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Affiliation(s)
- James R Hanson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sussex, Brighton, Sussex, UKBN1 9QJ
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