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Estradiol-Based Salicylaldehyde (Thio)Semicarbazones and Their Copper Complexes with Anticancer, Antibacterial and Antioxidant Activities. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 28:molecules28010054. [PMID: 36615247 PMCID: PMC9822434 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28010054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
A series of novel estradiol-based salicylaldehyde (thio)semicarbazones ((T)SCs) bearing (O,N,S) and (O,N,O) donor sets and their Cu(II) complexes were developed and characterized in detail by 1H and ¹³C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, UV-visible and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy, electrospray ionization mass spectrometry and elemental analysis. The structure of the Cu(II)-estradiol-semicarbazone complex was revealed by X-ray crystallography. Proton dissociation constants of the ligands and stability constants of the metal complexes were determined in 30% (v/v) DMSO/H2O. Estradiol-(T)SCs form mono-ligand complexes with Cu(II) ions and exhibit high stability with the exception of estradiol-SC. The Cu(II) complexes of estradiol-TSC and its N,N-dimethyl derivative displayed the highest cytotoxicity among the tested compounds in MCF-7, MCF-7 KCR, DU-145, and A549 cancer cells. The complexes do not damage DNA according to both in vitro cell-free and cellular assays. All the Cu(II)-TSC complexes revealed significant activity against the Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus bacteria strain. Estradiol-TSCs showed efficient antioxidant activity, which was decreased by complexation with Cu(II) ions. The exchange of estrone moiety to estradiol did not result in significant changes to physico-chemical and biological properties.
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Molnár B, Gopisetty MK, Nagy FI, Adamecz DI, Kása Z, Kiricsi M, Frank É. Efficient access to domain-integrated estradiol-flavone hybrids via the corresponding chalcones and their in vitro anticancer potential. Steroids 2022; 187:109099. [PMID: 35970223 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2022.109099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Structural modification of the phenolic A-ring of estrogens at C-2 and/or C-3 significantly reduces or eliminates the hormonal effects of the compounds, thus the incorporation of other pharmacophores into these positions can provide biologically active derivatives suitable for new indications, without possessing unwanted side effects. As part of this work, A-ring integration of estradiol with chalcones and flavones was carried out in the hope of obtaining novel molecular hybrids with anticancer action. The syntheses were performed from 2-acetylestradiol-17β-acetate which was first reacted with various (hetero)aromatic aldehydes in a pyrrolidine-catalyzed reaction in DMSO. The chalcones thus obtained were then subjected to oxidative cyclization with I2 in DMSO to afford estradiol-flavone hybrids in good yields. All newly synthesized derivatives were tested in vitro for cytotoxicity on human malignant cell lines of diverse origins as well as on a non-cancerous cell line, and the results demonstrated that estradiol-flavone hybrids containing a structure-integrated flavone moiety were the most active and cancer cell-selective agents. The minimal inhibitory concentration values (IC50) were calculated for selected compounds (3c, 3d and 3e) and their apoptosis inducing capacity was verified by RT-qPCR (real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction). The results suggest an important structure-activity relationship regarding estradiol-flavone hybrids that could form a promising synthetic platform and rationale for future drug developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barnabás Molnár
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Doctoral School of Chemistry, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 8, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Mohana K Gopisetty
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Doctoral School of Biology, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary; Interdisciplinary Center of Excellence, Department of Applied and Environmental Chemistry, University of Szeged, Rerrich Béla tér 1, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Ferenc István Nagy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Doctoral School of Biology, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Dóra Izabella Adamecz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Doctoral School of Biology, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Kása
- Material and Solution Structure Research Group, Institute of Chemistry, University of Szeged, Aradi Vértanúk tere 1, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Mónika Kiricsi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Doctoral School of Biology, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Éva Frank
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Doctoral School of Chemistry, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 8, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary.
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Molnár B, Kinyua NI, Mótyán G, Leits P, Zupkó I, Minorics R, Balogh GT, Frank É. Regioselective synthesis, physicochemical properties and anticancer activity of 2-aminomethylated estrone derivatives. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2022; 219:106064. [PMID: 35091086 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2022.106064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The unique estrogen receptor (ER)-independent antiproliferative and apoptotic activity of 2-methoxyestradiol (2ME2) is well known, however, its use has been limited because of its poor oral bioavailability. In this study, novel 2-aminomethylated estrone (E) and estradiol (E2) derivatives structurally related to 2ME2 were synthesized, and their physicochemical properties as well as their in vitro cytotoxic effects were investigated in the hope of finding more selective antiproliferative agents with improved pharmacokinetic profile. The target compounds were synthesized from 2-dimethylaminomethylated E obtained regioselectively by a three-component Mannich reaction. Quaternization with methyl iodide followed by reacting the ammonium salt with various dialkyl and alicyclic secondary amines afforded the desired products in good yields. The reactions proceeded via a 1,4-nucleophilic addition of the applied secondary amines to the ortho-quinone methide (o-QM) intermediates, generated in situ from the salt by base-promoted β-elimination. The compound library has been enlarged with structurally similar E2 analogues obtained by stereoselective reduction and with some 17β-benzylamino derivatives prepared by reductive amination. The potential values of the novel E and E2 derivatives were characterised by means of three different approaches. At the first step compounds were virtually screened using physicochemical parameters. Physicochemical characterization was completed by kinetic solubility and in vitro intestinal-specific permeability measurement. Antiproliferative effects were additionally determined on a panel of malignant and non-cancerous cell lines. The evaluation of the pharmacological profile of the novel E and E2 derivatives was completed with the calculation of lipophilic efficacy (LiPE).
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Affiliation(s)
- Barnabás Molnár
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 8, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Njangiru Isaac Kinyua
- Institute of Pharmacodynamics and Biopharmacy, University of Szeged, Eötvös u. 6, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Gergő Mótyán
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 8, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Péter Leits
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 8, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - István Zupkó
- Institute of Pharmacodynamics and Biopharmacy, University of Szeged, Eötvös u. 6, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Renáta Minorics
- Institute of Pharmacodynamics and Biopharmacy, University of Szeged, Eötvös u. 6, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - György T Balogh
- Institute of Pharmacodynamics and Biopharmacy, University of Szeged, Eötvös u. 6, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; Department of Chemical and Environmental Process Engineering, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Műegyetem rkp. 3, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Éva Frank
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 8, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary.
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Kovács F, Gopisetty MK, Adamecz DI, Kiricsi M, Enyedy ÉA, Frank É. Synthesis and conversion of primary and secondary 2-aminoestradiols into A-ring-integrated benzoxazolone hybrids and their in vitro anticancer activity. RSC Adv 2021; 11:13885-13896. [PMID: 35423928 PMCID: PMC8697693 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra01889b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Hybrid systems are often endowed with completely different and improved properties compared to their parent compounds. In order to extend the chemical space toward sterane-based molecular hybrids, a number of estradiol-derived benzoxazol-2-ones with combined aromatic rings were synthesized via the corresponding 2-aminophenol intermediates. 2-Aminoestradiol was first prepared from estrone by a two-step nitration/reduction sequence under mild reaction conditions. Subsequent reductive aminations with different arylaldehydes furnished secondary 2-aminoestradiol derivatives in good yields. The proton dissociation processes of the aminoestradiols were investigated in aqueous solution by UV-visible spectrophotometric titrations to reveal their actual chemical forms at physiological pH. The determined pK1 and pK2 values are attributed to the +NH3 or +NH2R and OH moieties, and both varied by the different R substituents of the amino group. Primary and secondary 2-aminoestradiols were next reacted with carbonyldiimidazole as a phosgene equivalent to introduce a carbonyl group with simultaneous ring-closure to give A-ring-fused oxazolone derivatives in high yields. The novel aminoestradiols and benzoxazolones were subjected to in vitro cytotoxicity analysis and were found to exert cancer cell specific activity. Estradiol–benzoxazolone hybrids with a common aromatic moiety were efficiently synthesized via primary and secondary aminophenol intermediates, and their anticancer activities were investigated.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferenc Kovács
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Szeged Dóm tér 8 H-6720 Szeged Hungary +36-62-544-275
| | - Mohana K Gopisetty
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Doctoral School of Biology, University of Szeged Közép fasor 52 H-6726 Szeged Hungary
| | - Dóra I Adamecz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Doctoral School of Biology, University of Szeged Közép fasor 52 H-6726 Szeged Hungary
| | - Mónika Kiricsi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Doctoral School of Biology, University of Szeged Közép fasor 52 H-6726 Szeged Hungary
| | - Éva A Enyedy
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Interdisciplinary Excellence Centre, University of Szeged Dóm tér 7 H-6720 Szeged Hungary.,MTA-SZTE Lendület Functional Metal Complexes Research Group, University of Szeged Dóm tér 7 H-6720 Szeged Hungary
| | - Éva Frank
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Szeged Dóm tér 8 H-6720 Szeged Hungary +36-62-544-275
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Multistep Synthesis and In Vitro Anticancer Evaluation of 2-Pyrazolyl-Estradiol Derivatives, Pyrazolocoumarin-Estradiol Hybrids and Analogous Compounds. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25184039. [PMID: 32899643 PMCID: PMC7571145 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25184039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the hormone independent cytotoxic activity of several estradiol derivatives endowed with a simple substituent at C-2 has been reported so far, 2-heterocyclic and 2,3-condensed analogs are less investigated from both synthetic and pharmacological points of view. Therefore, novel A-ring-connected 2-pyrazoles of estradiol and, for comparison, their structurally simplified non-steroidal pairs were synthesized from estradiol 3-methyl ether and 6-methoxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene. Friedel-Crafts acetylation of the protected phenolic compounds and subsequent O-demethylation led to ortho-substituted derivatives regioselectively, which were converted to arylhydrazones with phenylhydrazine, 4-tolylhydrazine and 4-chloro-phenylhydrazine, respectively, under microwave conditions. The hydrazones were subjected to cyclization with the Vilsmeier-Haack reagent immediately after preparation and the ring closure/formylation sequence resulted in steroidal and non-steroidal 4'-formylpyrazoles in moderate to good yields. During reductive transformations, 4-hydroxymethyl-pyrazoles were obtained, while oxidative lactonization of the 4-formylpyrazole moiety with the phenolic OH in the presence of the Jones reagent afforded A-ring-integrated pyrazolocoumarin hybrids and related analogs. Steroidal pyrazoles, which were produced as C-17 acetates due to acetylation of C-17 OH during the primary Friedel-Crafts reaction, underwent deacetylation in alkaline methanol to furnish 2-heterocyclic estradiol derivatives. Pharmacological studies revealed the overall and cancer cell-specific cytotoxicity of the derivatives and the half maximal inhibitory concentrations were obtained for the most promising compounds.
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Wang C, Li L, Fu D, Qin T, Ran Y, Xu F, Du X, Gao H, Sun S, Yang T, Zhang X, Huo J, Zhao W, Zhang Z, Shi X. Discovery of chalcone-modified estradiol analogs as antitumour agents that Inhibit tumour angiogenesis and epithelial to mesenchymal transition. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 176:135-148. [PMID: 31102934 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.04.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Angiogenesis plays an essential role in tumourigenesis and tumour progression, and anti-angiogenesis therapies have shown promising antitumour effects in solid tumours. 2-Methoxyestradiol (2ME2), an endogenous metabolite of estradiol, has been regarded as a potential antitumour agent mainly targeting angiogenesis. Here we synthesized a novel series of chalcones based on 2-methoxyestradiol and evaluated their potential activities against tumours. Compound 11e was demonstrated to have potent antiangiogenic activity. Further studies showed that 11e suppressed tumour growth in human breast cancer (MCF-7) xenograft models without obvious side effects. Evaluation of the mechanism revealed that 11e targeted the epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) process in MCF-7 cells and inhibited HUVEC migration and then contributed to hindrance of angiogenesis. Thus, 11e may be a promising antitumour agent with excellent efficacy and low toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, Henan Province, Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, PR China
| | - Leilei Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, Henan Province, Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, PR China
| | - Dongyang Fu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, Henan Province, Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, PR China
| | - Tiantian Qin
- Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, Henan Province, Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, PR China
| | - Yange Ran
- Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, Henan Province, Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, PR China
| | - Feng Xu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, Henan Province, Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, PR China
| | - Xinrui Du
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Zhengzhou University, 40 Daxue Road, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China
| | - Haiying Gao
- Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, Henan Province, Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, PR China; Department of Pharmacy, People's Hospital of Daqing, 241 Jianshe Road, Development District, Daqing, 163316, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Shuaijun Sun
- Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, Henan Province, Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, PR China; Department of Pharmacy, Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, 195 Tongbai Road, Zhengzhou, 450053, Henan, China
| | - Tengjiao Yang
- HeNan No.3 Provincial People's Hospital, Funiu Road, Zhongyuan District, Zhengzhoum, 450000, Henan, China
| | - Xueyan Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, Henan Province, Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, PR China
| | - Junfeng Huo
- Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, Henan Province, Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, PR China
| | - Wen Zhao
- Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, Henan Province, Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, PR China
| | - Zhenzhong Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, Henan Province, Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, PR China
| | - Xiufang Shi
- Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, Henan Province, Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, PR China.
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Shi X, Wang Z, Xu F, Lu X, Yao H, Wu D, Sun S, Nie R, Gao S, Li P, Xia L, Zhang Z, Wang C. Design, synthesis and antiproliferative effect of 17β-amide derivatives of 2-methoxyestradiol and their studies on pharmacokinetics. Steroids 2017; 128:6-14. [PMID: 29031938 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2017.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Revised: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
A series of 17β-amide-2-methoxyestradiol compounds were synthesized with an aim to enhance the antiproliferative effect of 2-methoxyestradiol. The antiproliferative activity of 2-methoxyestradiol analogs against human cancer cells was investigated. 2-methoxy-3-benzyloxy-17β-chloroacetamide-1,3,5(10)-triene (5e) and 2-methoxy-3-hydroxy-17β-butyramide-1,3,5(10)-triene (6c) had comparable or better antitumor activity than 2-methoxyestradiol. The elimination half-life of 6c (t1/2β=240.93min) is ten times longer than 2-ME and the area under the curve was seven times (AUC0-tmin=2068.20±315.74μgmL-1min) higher than 2-ME, respectively. Whereas 5e had similar pharmacokinetic behavior with 2-ME (t1/2β=22.28min) with a t1/2β of 29.5 min. 6c had higher blood concentration, longer actuation duration and better suppression rate against S180 mouse ascites tumor than 2-methoxyestradiol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiufang Shi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Institute of Drug Discovery & Development, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China; Key Laboratory of Technology of Drug Preparation (Zhengzhou University), Ministry of Education of China, China; Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation, China; Key Laboratory of Targeting Therapy and Diagnosis for Critical Diseases, Henan Province, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, Henan Province, China
| | - Zhihao Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Institute of Drug Discovery & Development, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China; Key Laboratory of Technology of Drug Preparation (Zhengzhou University), Ministry of Education of China, China; Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation, China; Key Laboratory of Targeting Therapy and Diagnosis for Critical Diseases, Henan Province, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, Henan Province, China
| | - Feng Xu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Institute of Drug Discovery & Development, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China; Key Laboratory of Technology of Drug Preparation (Zhengzhou University), Ministry of Education of China, China; Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation, China; Key Laboratory of Targeting Therapy and Diagnosis for Critical Diseases, Henan Province, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, Henan Province, China
| | - Xiang Lu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Institute of Drug Discovery & Development, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China; Key Laboratory of Technology of Drug Preparation (Zhengzhou University), Ministry of Education of China, China; Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation, China; Key Laboratory of Targeting Therapy and Diagnosis for Critical Diseases, Henan Province, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, Henan Province, China
| | - Haifeng Yao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Institute of Drug Discovery & Development, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China; Key Laboratory of Technology of Drug Preparation (Zhengzhou University), Ministry of Education of China, China; Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation, China; Key Laboratory of Targeting Therapy and Diagnosis for Critical Diseases, Henan Province, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, Henan Province, China; Pharmaceutical Department, The People's Hospital of Chizhou, 3 Baiya Road, Chizhou, Anhui 247000, China
| | - Dandan Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Institute of Drug Discovery & Development, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China; Key Laboratory of Technology of Drug Preparation (Zhengzhou University), Ministry of Education of China, China; Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation, China; Key Laboratory of Targeting Therapy and Diagnosis for Critical Diseases, Henan Province, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, Henan Province, China; Pharmaceutical Department, Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical College, 661 Yellow River 2nd Road, Binzhou, Shandong 256600, China
| | - Shuaijun Sun
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Institute of Drug Discovery & Development, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China; Key Laboratory of Technology of Drug Preparation (Zhengzhou University), Ministry of Education of China, China; Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation, China; Key Laboratory of Targeting Therapy and Diagnosis for Critical Diseases, Henan Province, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, Henan Province, China; Department of Pharmacy, Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, 195 Tongbai Road, Zhengzhou 450053, Henan, China
| | - Ruifang Nie
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Institute of Drug Discovery & Development, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China; Key Laboratory of Technology of Drug Preparation (Zhengzhou University), Ministry of Education of China, China; Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation, China; Key Laboratory of Targeting Therapy and Diagnosis for Critical Diseases, Henan Province, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, Henan Province, China
| | - Shuo Gao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Institute of Drug Discovery & Development, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China; Key Laboratory of Technology of Drug Preparation (Zhengzhou University), Ministry of Education of China, China; Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation, China; Key Laboratory of Targeting Therapy and Diagnosis for Critical Diseases, Henan Province, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, Henan Province, China
| | - Panpan Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Institute of Drug Discovery & Development, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China; Key Laboratory of Technology of Drug Preparation (Zhengzhou University), Ministry of Education of China, China; Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation, China; Key Laboratory of Targeting Therapy and Diagnosis for Critical Diseases, Henan Province, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, Henan Province, China
| | - Liwen Xia
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Institute of Drug Discovery & Development, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China; Key Laboratory of Technology of Drug Preparation (Zhengzhou University), Ministry of Education of China, China; Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation, China; Key Laboratory of Targeting Therapy and Diagnosis for Critical Diseases, Henan Province, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, Henan Province, China
| | - Zhenzhong Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Institute of Drug Discovery & Development, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China; Key Laboratory of Technology of Drug Preparation (Zhengzhou University), Ministry of Education of China, China; Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation, China; Key Laboratory of Targeting Therapy and Diagnosis for Critical Diseases, Henan Province, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, Henan Province, China.
| | - Cong Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Institute of Drug Discovery & Development, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China; Key Laboratory of Technology of Drug Preparation (Zhengzhou University), Ministry of Education of China, China; Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation, China; Key Laboratory of Targeting Therapy and Diagnosis for Critical Diseases, Henan Province, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, Henan Province, China.
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Kumar BS, Raghuvanshi DS, Hasanain M, Alam S, Sarkar J, Mitra K, Khan F, Negi AS. Recent Advances in chemistry and pharmacology of 2-methoxyestradiol: An anticancer investigational drug. Steroids 2016; 110:9-34. [PMID: 27020471 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2016.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2015] [Revised: 02/13/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
2-Methoxyestradiol (2ME2), an estrogen hormone metabolite is a potential cancer chemotherapeutic agent. Presently, it is an investigational drug under various phases of clinical trials alone or in combination therapy. Its anticancer activity has been attributed to its antitubulin, antiangiogenic, pro-apoptotic and ROS induction properties. This anticancer drug candidate has been explored extensively in last twenty years for its detailed chemistry and pharmacology. Present review is an update of its chemistry and biological activity. It also extends an assessment of potential of 2ME2 and its analogues as possible anticancer drug in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Sathish Kumar
- CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CSIR-CIMAP), Kukrail Picnic Spot Road, P.O. CIMAP, Lucknow 226015, India
| | - Dushyant Singh Raghuvanshi
- CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CSIR-CIMAP), Kukrail Picnic Spot Road, P.O. CIMAP, Lucknow 226015, India
| | - Mohammad Hasanain
- CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute (CSIR-CDRI), B.S. 10/1, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Sarfaraz Alam
- CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CSIR-CIMAP), Kukrail Picnic Spot Road, P.O. CIMAP, Lucknow 226015, India
| | - Jayanta Sarkar
- CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute (CSIR-CDRI), B.S. 10/1, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Kalyan Mitra
- CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute (CSIR-CDRI), B.S. 10/1, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Feroz Khan
- CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CSIR-CIMAP), Kukrail Picnic Spot Road, P.O. CIMAP, Lucknow 226015, India
| | - Arvind S Negi
- CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CSIR-CIMAP), Kukrail Picnic Spot Road, P.O. CIMAP, Lucknow 226015, India.
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9
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Visagie MH, Birkholtz LM, Joubert AM. A 2-methoxyestradiol bis-sulphamoylated derivative induces apoptosis in breast cell lines. Cell Biosci 2015; 5:19. [PMID: 25908963 PMCID: PMC4407428 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-015-0010-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2014] [Accepted: 04/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Research involving antimitotic compounds identified 2-methoxyestradiol (2ME2), as a promising anticancer endogenous metabolite. Owing to its low bioavailability, several in silico-designed 2ME2 analogues were synthesized. Structure-activity relationship studies indicated that an already existing 17-β-estradiol analogue, namely (8R,13S,14S,17S)-2-ethyl-13-methyl-7,8,9,11,12,13,14,15,16,17-decahydro-6H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthrane-3,17-diyl bis(sulphamate) (EMBS) to exert potential in vitro anticancer activity. Methods This study investigated the in vitro apoptotic influence of EMBS in an estrogen receptor-positive breast adenocarcinoma epithelial cell line (MCF-7); an estrogen receptor-negative breast epithelial cell line (MDA-MB-231) and a non-tumorigenic breast cell line (MCF-12A). Cell cycle progression, a phosphatidylserine flip, caspase 6-, 7- and 8 enzyme activity levels, Bcl-2 phosphorylation status at serine 70 and Bcl-2- and p53 protein levels were investigated to identify a possible action mechanism for apoptotic induction. Results The xCELLigence real-time label-independent approach revealed that EMBS exerted antiproliferative activity in all three cell lines after 24 h of exposure. A G2M block was observed and apoptosis induction was verified by means of flow cytometry using propidium iodide and Annexin V-FITC respectively. EMBS-treated cells demonstrated a reduced mitochondrial membrane potential. EMBS exposure resulted in a statistically significant increase in p53 protein expression, decreased Bcl-2 protein expression and a decrease in pBcl-2(s70) phosphorylation status in all three cell lines. Results support the notion that EMBS induces apoptosis in all three cell lines. Conclusion This study includes investigation into the apoptotic hallmarks exerted by EMBS after exposure of three cell lines namely MCF-7-, MDA-MDA-231- and MCF-12A cells. Increased caspase 6-, caspase 7- and caspase 8 activities, upregulation of p53 protein expression and a decrease in phosphorylation status of Bcl-2 at serine 70 in tumorigenic and non-tumorigenic lines were demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Helen Visagie
- Department of Physiology, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X 323, Arcadia, 0007 South Africa
| | - Lyn-Marie Birkholtz
- Department of Biochemistry, Centre for Sustainable Malaria Control, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield, Pretoria 0028 South Africa
| | - Anna Margaretha Joubert
- Department of Physiology, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X 323, Arcadia, 0007 South Africa
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10
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Visagie MH, Birkholtz LM, Joubert AM. 17-beta-estradiol analog inhibits cell proliferation by induction of apoptosis in breast cell lines. Microsc Res Tech 2014; 77:236-42. [PMID: 24449492 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.22334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2014] [Accepted: 01/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Microtubules are important targets when studying potential anticancer agents since disturbance of these microtubule dynamics results in cell cycle arrest and cell death. 2-Methoxyestradiol is a naturally occurring metabolite that exerts antiproliferative activity and induces apoptosis. Due to limited biological accessibly and rapid metabolic degradation, several analogs were synthesized. This study investigated the antiproliferative influence of an 2-methoxyestradiol analog, (8R, 13S, 14S, 17S)-2-Ethyl-13-methyl-7, 8, 9, 11, 12,13, 14, 15, 16, 17-decahydro-6H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthrane-3, 17-diyl bis(sulfamate) (EMBS) on cell proliferation, morphology and apoptosis induction in a estrogen receptor-positive breast adenocarcinoma cells line (MCF-7), estrogen receptor-negative highly metastatic breast cell line (MDA-MB-231) and a non-tumorigenic breast epithelial cell line (MCF-12A). Spectrophotometry results indicated that EMBS exerted differential antiproliferative activity in the three cell lines. Cell growth of the breast adenocarcinoma and highly metastatic breast cell line reached a plateau effect at 0.4 μM after 24 h of exposure. Light microscopy and polarization-optical transmitted light differential interference contrast demonstrated compromised cell density, cells blocked in metaphase and the presence of apoptotic characteristics after EMBS exposure for 24 h in all three cell lines. Transmission electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy revealed hallmarks of apoptosis namely the presence of apoptotic bodies, shrunken cells and cell debris in EMBS-exposed cells. This investigation demonstrated that EMBS does exert antimitotic activity and induces apoptosis contributing to elucidating the signal transduction of EMBS in tumorigenic and non-tumorigenic breast cell lines. Findings warrant in-depth analysis of specific targets in vitro and subsequent in vivo investigation for anticancer therapy.
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11
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Kopel LC, Ahmed MS, Halaweish FT. Synthesis of novel estrone analogs by incorporation of thiophenols via conjugate addition to an enone side chain. Steroids 2013; 78:1119-25. [PMID: 23899492 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2013.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2013] [Revised: 07/09/2013] [Accepted: 07/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Functionalized estrogen analogs have received interest due to their unique and differing biological activity compared to their parent compounds. The synthesis of a new class of 3-methoxyestrone analogs functionalized at the C17 position possessing both alkyl and aryl substituted α,β-unsaturated ketones is described, along with their thiophenol conjugate addition products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas C Kopel
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, USA
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12
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Gupta A, Kumar BS, Negi AS. Current status on development of steroids as anticancer agents. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2013; 137:242-70. [PMID: 23727548 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2013.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2012] [Revised: 04/25/2013] [Accepted: 05/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Steroids are important biodynamic agents. Their affinities for various nuclear receptors have been an interesting feature to utilize them for drug development particularly for receptor mediated diseases. Steroid biochemistry and its crucial role in human physiology, has attained importance among the researchers. Recent years have seen an extensive focus on modification of steroids. The rational modifications of perhydrocyclopentanophenanthrene nucleus of steroids have yielded several important anticancer lead molecules. Exemestane, SR16157, fulvestrant and 2-methoxyestradiol are some of the successful leads emerged on steroidal pharmacophores. The present review is an update on some of the steroidal leads obtained during past 25 years. Various steroid based enzyme inhibitors, antiestrogens, cytotoxic conjugates and steroidal cytotoxic molecules of natural as well as synthetic origin have been highlighted. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled "Synthesis and biological testing of steroid derivatives as inhibitors".
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Affiliation(s)
- Atul Gupta
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CSIR-CIMAP), Kukrail Picnic Spot Road, Lucknow 226015, U.P., India
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13
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Frank E, Schneider G. Synthesis of sex hormone-derived modified steroids possessing antiproliferative activity. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2013; 137:301-15. [PMID: 23499871 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2013.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2012] [Revised: 02/07/2013] [Accepted: 02/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
During recent years intensive research has been focused on the synthesis of structurally modified steroid hormones in order to obtain compounds with beneficial biological activity such as cell-growth inhibition. Experimental results have revealed that some steroidal derivatives possess direct cytostatic effect on cancer cells in a hormone receptor-independent manner. After a brief account on the most important biological function and characteristics of the naturally occurring sex hormones in physiological and pathological conditions, structural modifications of estrane and androstane scaffolds are discussed in detail. The review covers literature publications (from 2002 to 2012) relating to the synthesis and antiproliferative activity of semisynthetic sex hormone-derived molecules containing simple or heterocyclic substituents. The compounds reviewed are divided into three main categories according to their sterane framework and the nature of substitution. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled "Synthesis and biological testing of steroid derivatives as inhibitors".
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Frank
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 8, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
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Ivanova L, Varinska L, Pilatova M, Gal P, Solar P, Perjesi P, Smetana K, Ostro A, Mojzis J. Cyclic chalcone analogue KRP6 as a potent modulator of cell proliferation: an in vitro study in HUVECs. Mol Biol Rep 2013; 40:4571-80. [PMID: 23666054 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-013-2547-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2012] [Accepted: 04/29/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
In the present investigation a novel series of chalcone analogues were synthesized and evaluated for their anti-proliferative activity in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Among 14 tested compounds, chalcone analogue (E)-3-(2'-methoxybenzylidene)-4-chromanone (KRP6) exhibited the most potent activity with IC50 19 μM. Moreover, HUVECs exhibited divergent, even opposing concentration-dependent responses to KRP6. This compound was the most potent inhibitor of cell proliferation and extracellular matrix formation (fibronectin and type IV collagen) at higher concentrations (20-50 μM). In contrast, KRP6 stimulated the compensatory increase in proliferative activity including extracellular matrix formation at low concentrations (1, 10 μM). KRP6 concentration-dependently modulated phosphorylation of Akt and mitogen-activated protein kinases such as extracellular signal-regulated kinase-1/-2 and p38 kinase, suggesting that these pathways play a role in the effect mediated by this compound. In addition, we found a selective effect on activated endothelial cells, in particular with resting endothelial cells. In conclusion, KRP6 is a potent modulator of selected steps of the angiogenic process in vitro. Accordingly, further in vivo research should be performed to facilitate its use in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lenka Ivanova
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, P. J. Safarik University, Kosice, Slovak Republic,
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Kvasnica M, Rarova L, Oklestkova J, Budesinsky M, Kohout L. Synthesis and cytotoxic activities of estrone and estradiol cis-dichloroplatinum(II) complexes. Bioorg Med Chem 2012; 20:6969-78. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2012.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2012] [Revised: 10/11/2012] [Accepted: 10/14/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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