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Hu M, Zhang Y, Zhang X, Zhang X, Huang X, Lu Y, Li Y, Brännström M, Sferruzzi-Perri AN, Shao LR, Billig H. Defective Uterine Spiral Artery Remodeling and Placental Senescence in a Pregnant Rat Model of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2023; 193:1916-1935. [PMID: 37689383 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2023.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
Pregnancy-related problems have been linked to impairments in maternal uterine spiral artery (SpA) remodeling. The mechanisms underlying this association are still unclear. It is also unclear whether hyperandrogenism and insulin resistance, the two common manifestations of polycystic ovary syndrome, affect uterine SpA remodeling. We verified previous work in which exposure to 5-dihydrotestosterone (DHT) and insulin (INS) in rats during pregnancy resulted in hyperandrogenism, insulin intolerance, and higher fetal mortality. Exposure to DHT and INS dysregulated the expression of angiogenesis-related genes in the uterus and placenta and also decreased expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase and matrix metallopeptidases 2 and 9, increased fibrotic collagen deposits in the uterus, and reduced expression of marker genes for SpA-associated trophoblast giant cells. These changes were related to a greater proportion of unremodeled uterine SpAs and a smaller proportion of highly remodeled arteries in DHT + INS-exposed rats. Placentas from DHT + INS-exposed rats exhibited decreased basal and labyrinth zone regions, reduced maternal blood spaces, diminished labyrinth vascularity, and an imbalance in the abundance of vascular and smooth muscle proteins. Furthermore, placentas from DHT + INS-exposed rats showed expression of placental insufficiency markers and a significant increase in cell senescence-associated protein levels. Altogether, this work demonstrates that increased pregnancy complications in polycystic ovary syndrome may be mediated by problems with uterine SpA remodeling, placental functionality, and placental senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Hu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Physiology/Endocrinology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Yuehui Zhang
- Department of Physiology/Endocrinology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Key Laboratory and Unit of Infertility in Chinese Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Key Laboratory and Unit of Infertility in Chinese Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - XiuYing Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Key Laboratory and Unit of Infertility in Chinese Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Xinyue Huang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yaxing Lu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yijia Li
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mats Brännström
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Amanda N Sferruzzi-Perri
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, Centre for Trophoblast Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Linus R Shao
- Department of Physiology/Endocrinology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Håkan Billig
- Department of Physiology/Endocrinology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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2
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Testosterone sustained release microspheres for the treatment of fecal incontinence. J Pharm Sci 2022; 111:2322-2329. [DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2022.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Zhang X, Xiao J, Liu T, He Q, Cui J, Tang S, Li X, Liu M. Low Serum Dehydroepiandrosterone and Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate Are Associated With Coronary Heart Disease in Men With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:890029. [PMID: 35832423 PMCID: PMC9271610 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.890029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Sex hormones play an important role in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease (CVD). This cross-sectional study aimed to explore the associations of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) with coronary heart disease (CHD) and stroke in middle-aged and elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 995 patients with T2DM were included in the study analysis. Serum levels of DHEA and DHEAS were quantified using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Binary logistic regression analyses were performed to assess the associations of DHEA and DHEAS with CHD and stroke. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed to determine the optimal DHEA and DHEAS cutoff values for the detection of CHD in men with T2DM. RESULTS In men with T2DM, after adjustment for potential confounders in model 3, the risk of CHD decreased with an increasing serum DHEA level [odds ratio (OR) = 0.38, quartile 4 vs. quartile 1; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.16-0.90; p = 0.037 for trend). Consistently, when considered as a continuous variable, this association remained significant in the fully adjusted model (OR = 0.59, 95% CI = 0.40-0.87, p < 0.05). When taken as a continuous variable in model 3, serum DHEAS level was also inversely related to the risk of CHD among men (OR = 0.56, 95% CI = 0.38-0.82, p < 0.05). Similarly, this relationship remained statistically significant when DHEAS was categorized into quartiles (OR = 0.27, quartile 4 vs. quartile 1; 95% CI = 0.11-0.67; p = 0.018 for trend). ROC curve analyses revealed that the optimal cutoff values to detect CHD in men with T2DM were 6.43 nmol/L for DHEA and 3.54 μmol/L for DHEAS. In contrast, no significant associations were found between DHEA and DHEAS on the one hand and stroke on the other in men and women with T2DM (all p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Serum DHEA and DHEAS were significantly and negatively associated with CHD in middle-aged and elderly men with T2DM. This study suggests potential roles of DHEA and DHEAS in CHD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Shaofang Tang
- *Correspondence: Ming Liu, ; Xin Li, ; Shaofang Tang,
| | - Xin Li
- *Correspondence: Ming Liu, ; Xin Li, ; Shaofang Tang,
| | - Ming Liu
- *Correspondence: Ming Liu, ; Xin Li, ; Shaofang Tang,
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Converse A, Thomas P. Androgens promote vascular endothelial cell proliferation through activation of a ZIP9-dependent inhibitory G protein/PI3K-Akt/Erk/cyclin D1 pathway. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2021; 538:111461. [PMID: 34555425 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2021.111461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
While androgens have been reported to mediate cardiovascular endothelial cell proliferation, the potential involvement of membrane androgen receptors (mAR) has not been examined. Here we show ZIP9, a recently characterized mAR, mediates androgen-induced early proliferative events in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Androgen treatment significantly increased cyclin D1 nuclear localization and proliferation, which were blocked by transfection with siRNA targeting ZIP9 but not the nuclear AR. Testosterone rapidly activated inhibitory G protein signaling, Erk, and Akt, and inhibition of these signaling members abrogated the ZIP9-mediated cyclin D1 and proliferative responses. Erk and Akt modulated cyclin D1 nuclear localization by upregulation of cyclin D1 mRNA and inhibition of GSK-3β activity, respectively. This is the first study to demonstrate a role for ZIP9 in HUVEC proliferation and indicates ZIP9 is a physiologically-relevant androgen receptor in the cardiovascular system that merits further study as a potential therapeutic target for treating cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aubrey Converse
- Marine Science Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Port Aransas, TX, USA.
| | - Peter Thomas
- Marine Science Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Port Aransas, TX, USA
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Ferreira C, Trindade F, Ferreira R, Neves JS, Leite-Moreira A, Amado F, Santos M, Nogueira-Ferreira R. Sexual dimorphism in cardiac remodeling: the molecular mechanisms ruled by sex hormones in the heart. J Mol Med (Berl) 2021; 100:245-267. [PMID: 34811581 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-021-02169-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is growing in prevalence, due to an increase in aging and comorbidities. Heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) is more common in men, whereas heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) has a higher prevalence in women. However, the reasons for these epidemiological trends are not clear yet. Since HFpEF affects mostly postmenopausal women, sex hormones should play a pivotal role in HFpEF development. Furthermore, for HFpEF, contrary to HFrEF, effective therapeutic approaches are missing. Interestingly, studies evidenced that some therapies can have better results in women than in HFpEF men, emphasizing the necessity of understanding these observations at a molecular level. Thus, herein, we review the molecular mechanisms of estrogen and androgen actions in the heart in physiological conditions and explain how its dysregulation can lead to disease development. This clarification is essential in the road for an effective personalized management of HF, particularly HFpEF, towards the development of sex-specific therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cláudia Ferreira
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Fábio Trindade
- Department of Surgery and Physiology, Cardiovascular R&D Center (UnIC), Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Rita Ferreira
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - João Sérgio Neves
- Department of Surgery and Physiology, Cardiovascular R&D Center (UnIC), Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Centro Hospitalar Universitário São João, Porto, Portugal
| | - Adelino Leite-Moreira
- Department of Surgery and Physiology, Cardiovascular R&D Center (UnIC), Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Centro Hospitalar Universitário São João, Porto, Portugal
| | - Francisco Amado
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Mário Santos
- Department of Cardiology, Hospital Santo António, Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- UMIB - Unidade Multidisciplinar de Investigação Biomédica, ICBAS - Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Rita Nogueira-Ferreira
- Department of Surgery and Physiology, Cardiovascular R&D Center (UnIC), Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
- UMIB - Unidade Multidisciplinar de Investigação Biomédica, ICBAS - Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.
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Zhang S, Zhou J, Li L, Pan X, Lin J, Li C, Leung WT, Wang L. Effect of dehydroepiandrosterone on atherosclerosis in postmenopausal women. Biosci Trends 2021; 15:353-364. [PMID: 34759119 DOI: 10.5582/bst.2021.01320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
In China, cardiovascular disease (CVD) has surpassed malignant tumours to become the disease with the highest mortality rate, and atherosclerosis (AS) is an important pathological cause of CVD. Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) is the most abundant steroid hormone in circulating human blood and is a precursor of estrogen and androgen. DHEA is converted into a series of sex hormones in local peripheral tissues where its acts physiologically. DHEA also acts therapeutically, thereby avoiding the adverse systemic reactions to sex hormones. DHEA inhibits AS, thus inhibiting the development of CVD, and it improves the prognosis for CVD. The incidence of CVD in postmenopausal women is substantially higher than that in premenopausal women, and that incidence is believed to be related to a decrease in ovarian function. The current review analyzes the mechanisms of postmenopausal women's susceptibility to AS. They tend to have dyslipidemia, and their vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) proliferate and migrate more. In addition, oxidative stress and the inflammatory response of endothelial cells (ECs) are more serious in postmenopausal women. This review also discusses how DHEA combats AS by countering these mechanisms, which include regulating the blood lipid status, protecting ECs (including coping with oxidative stress and inflammatory reactions of the vascular endothelium, inhibiting apoptosis of ECs, and inducing NO production) and inhibiting the proliferation and migration of VSMCs. As a result, DHEA has great value in preventing AS and inhibiting its progression in postmenopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siwei Zhang
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Hospital and Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,The Academy of Integrative Medicine of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine-related Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Hospital and Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,The Academy of Integrative Medicine of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine-related Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Lijuan Li
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Hospital and Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,The Academy of Integrative Medicine of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine-related Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinyao Pan
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Hospital and Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,The Academy of Integrative Medicine of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine-related Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Lin
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Hospital and Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,The Academy of Integrative Medicine of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine-related Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Chuyu Li
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Hospital and Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,The Academy of Integrative Medicine of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine-related Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Wing Ting Leung
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Hospital and Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,The Academy of Integrative Medicine of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine-related Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Ling Wang
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Hospital and Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,The Academy of Integrative Medicine of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine-related Diseases, Shanghai, China
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Sex-Based Differences in the Tumor Microenvironment. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1329:499-533. [PMID: 34664253 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-73119-9_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2023]
Abstract
Cancers are heterogeneous multifactorial diseases consisting of a major public health issue worldwide. Sex disparities are evidenced in cancer incidence, mortality, expression of prognosis factor, response to treatment, and survival. For both sexes, an interplay of intrinsic and environmental factors influences cancer cells and tumor microenvironment (TME) components. The TME cumulates both supportive and communicative functions, contributing to cancer development, progression, and metastasis dissemination. The frontline topics of this chapter are focused on the contribution of sex, via steroid hormones, such as estrogens and androgens, on the following components of the TME: cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), extracellular matrix (ECM), blood and lymphatic endothelial cells, and immunity/inflammatory system.
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Tang ZR, Deng SL, Lian ZX, Yu K. Terazosin reduces steroidogenic factor 1 and upregulates heat shock protein 90 expression in LH-induced bovine ovarian theca cells. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 163:190-195. [PMID: 33352221 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Hyperthecosis syndrome is a common endocrine system metabolic disorder in women of childbearing age. The main symptoms are elevated androgen levels, abnormal ovulation, and excessive oxidative stress. Currently, there is no effective treatment for hyperthecosis syndrome. α(1)-adrenergic receptor (ADRA1) is involved in the metabolic pathway of ovarian steroid hormone. This study studied the mechanism of the ADRA1 inhibitor terazosin in the LH-induced bovine theca cells in vitro. We found that terazosin regulates the expression of steroidogenic factor 1 (SF1) and downstream genes through the ERK1/2 pathway, reducing androgen content. Terazosin promotes the expression of HSP90 and reduces the activity of iNOS. In addition, Terazosin up-regulates the expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and its downstream gene γ-GCS, which improves the ability of theca cells to resist oxidative stress. This study provides a reference for the treatment of human hyperthecosis syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Run Tang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Shou-Long Deng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Zheng-Xing Lian
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Kun Yu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
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Tashima Y, He H, Cui JZ, Pedroza AJ, Nakamura K, Yokoyama N, Iosef C, Burdon G, Koyano T, Yamaguchi A, Fischbein MP. Androgens Accentuate TGF-β Dependent Erk/Smad Activation During Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm Formation in Marfan Syndrome Male Mice. J Am Heart Assoc 2020; 9:e015773. [PMID: 33059492 PMCID: PMC7763370 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.119.015773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Background Male patients with Marfan syndrome have a higher risk of aortic events and root dilatation compared with females. The role androgens play during Marfan syndrome aneurysm development in males remains unknown. We hypothesized that androgens potentiate transforming growth factor beta induced Erk (extracellular-signal-regulated kinase)/Smad activation, contributing to aneurysm progression in males. Methods and Results Aortic diameters in Fbn1C1039G/+ and littermate wild-type controls were measured at ages 6, 8, 12, and 16 weeks. Fbn1C1039G/+ males were treated with (1) flutamide (androgen receptor blocker) or (2) vehicle control from age 6 to 16 weeks and then euthanized. p-Erk1/2, p-Smad2, and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activity were measured in ascending/aortic root and descending aorta specimens. Fbn1C1039G/+ male and female ascending/aortic root-derived smooth muscle cells were utilized in vitro to measure Erk/Smad activation and MMP-2 activity following dihydrotestosterone, flutamide or transforming growth factor beta 1 treatment. Fbn1C1039G/+ males have increased aneurysm growth. p-Erk1/2 and p-Smad2 were elevated in ascending/aortic root specimens at age 16 weeks. Corresponding with enhanced Erk/Smad signaling, MMP-2 activity was higher in Fbn1C1039G/+ males. In vitro smooth muscle cell studies revealed that dihydrotestosterone potentiates transforming growth factor beta-induced Erk/Smad activation and MMP-2 activity, which is reversed by flutamide treatment. Finally, in vivo flutamide treatment reduced aneurysm growth via p-Erk1/2 and p-Smad2 reduction in Fbn1C1039G/+ males. Conclusions Fbn1C1039G/+ males have enhanced aneurysm growth compared with females associated with enhanced p-Erk1/2 and p-Smad2 activation. Mechanistically, in vitro smooth muscle cell studies suggested that dihydrotestosterone potentiates transforming growth factor beta induced Erk/Smad activation. As biological proof of concept, flutamide treatment attenuated aneurysm growth and p-Erk1/2 and p-Smad2 signaling in Fbn1C1039G/+ males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasushi Tashima
- Department of Cardiothoracic SurgeryStanford UniversityStanfordCA
- Department of Cardiovascular SurgeryJichi Medical UniversitySaitama Medical CenterSaitamaJapan
| | - Hao He
- Department of Cardiothoracic SurgeryStanford UniversityStanfordCA
| | - Jason Z. Cui
- Department of Cardiothoracic SurgeryStanford UniversityStanfordCA
| | | | - Ken Nakamura
- Department of Cardiothoracic SurgeryStanford UniversityStanfordCA
| | - Nobu Yokoyama
- Department of Cardiothoracic SurgeryStanford UniversityStanfordCA
| | - Cristiana Iosef
- Department of Cardiothoracic SurgeryStanford UniversityStanfordCA
| | - Grayson Burdon
- Department of Cardiothoracic SurgeryStanford UniversityStanfordCA
| | - Tiffany Koyano
- Department of Cardiothoracic SurgeryStanford UniversityStanfordCA
| | - Atsushi Yamaguchi
- Department of Cardiovascular SurgeryJichi Medical UniversitySaitama Medical CenterSaitamaJapan
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Liu C, Ma J, Zhang J, Zhao H, Zhu Y, Qi J, Liu L, Zhu L, Jiang Y, Tang G, Li X, Li M. Testosterone Deficiency Caused by Castration Modulates Mitochondrial Biogenesis Through the AR/PGC1α/TFAM Pathway. Front Genet 2019; 10:505. [PMID: 31191617 PMCID: PMC6548818 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.00505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Mammalian mitochondrial biogenesis is a complex process involving mitochondrial proliferation and differentiation. Mitochondrial DNA transcription factor A (TFAM), which encodes a major component of a protein-mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) complex, is regulated by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1α (PGC1α). Testosterone is the primary male sex hormone and plays an increasingly important role in mammalian development through its interaction with androgen receptor (AR). However, the function of AR in mitochondrial biogenesis induced by testosterone deficiency has not been investigated. Here, we explored the molecular mechanism underlying the effect of testosterone deficiency on mitochondrial biogenesis using a Yorkshire boar model. Testosterone deficiency caused by castration induced changes in mtDNA copy numbers in various tissues, and AR showed the opposite tendency to that of mtDNA copy number, particularly in adipose tissues and muscle tissues. In addition, castration weakened the correlation of PGC1α and mtDNA copy number, while AR and TFAM showed a relatively high correlation in both control and castrated pigs. Furthermore, luciferase assays revealed that AR binds to potential AR elements in the TFAM promoter to promote TFAM expression. Taken together, testosterone may be involved in the pathway linking PGC1α to mitochondrial biogenesis through the interaction between AR and TFAM.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Mingzhou Li
- Farm Animal Genetic Resource Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
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Nierwińska K, Nowacka-Chmielewska M, Bernacki J, Jagsz S, Chalimoniuk M, Langfort J, Małecki A. The effect of endurance training and testosterone supplementation on the expression of blood spinal cord barrier proteins in rats. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0211818. [PMID: 30742658 PMCID: PMC6370194 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0211818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to estimate the effect of endurance training, two doses of testosterone, and the combination of these stimuli on the level of the endothelial proteins claudin, occludin, JAM-1, VE-cadherin, ZO-1, ZO-2, and P-glycoprotein in rat spinal cords. Adult male Wistar rats were trained using a motor-driven treadmill for 6 weeks (40-60 min, 5 times per week) and/or were treated for 6 weeks with two doses of testosterone (i.m.; 8 mg/kg or 80 mg/kg body weight). Spinal cords were collected 48 hours after the last training cycle and stored at -80°C. The levels of selected proteins in whole tissue lysates of the spinal cord were measured by western blot. Testosterone-treated trained rats had significantly lower claudin levels than vehicle-treated trained rats. High doses of testosterone resulted in a significant decrease in claudin-5 in untrained rats compared to the control group. Both doses of testosterone significantly reduced occludin levels compared to those in vehicle-treated untrained rats. The JAM-1 level in the spinal cords of both trained and untrained animals receiving testosterone was decreased in a dose-dependent manner. The JAM-1 level in the trained group treated with high doses of testosterone was significantly higher than that in the untrained rats treated with 80 mg/kg of testosterone. VE-cadherin levels were decreased in all groups receiving testosterone regardless of endurance training and were also diminished in the vehicle-treated group compared to the control group. Testosterone treatment did not exert a significant effect on ZO-1 protein levels. Testosterone and/or training had no significant effects on ZO-2 protein levels in the rat spinal cords. Endurance training increased P-glycoprotein levels in the rat spinal cords. The results suggest that an excessive supply of testosterone may adversely impact the expression of endothelial proteins in the central nervous system, which, in turn, may affect the blood-brain barrier function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Nierwińska
- Department of Physiology, The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education, Katowice, Poland
- * E-mail:
| | | | - Jacek Bernacki
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Sławomir Jagsz
- Department of Biochemistry, The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education, Katowice, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Chalimoniuk
- Department of Tourism and Health in Biala Podlaska, Piłsudski University of Physical Education in Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Józef Langfort
- Department of Sports Training, The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
| | - Andrzej Małecki
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education, Katowice, Poland
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Gaba A, Mairhofer M, Zhegu Z, Leditznig N, Szabo L, Tschugguel W, Schneeberger C, Yotova I. Testosterone induced downregulation of migration and proliferation in human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells by Androgen Receptor dependent and independent mechanisms. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2018; 476:173-184. [PMID: 29777728 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2018.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Revised: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Recent research has emphasized the potential unfavorable effects of declining testosterone (T) levels in men and the putative beneficial effect of androgen therapy in select women. Some controversy surrounding the mechanism of action and the effects of T on endothelium remains. In this study, we evaluated the mechanism of T action on pooled primary Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells (HUVEC) of mixed gender by focusing on two important processes, proliferation and migration. In our in vitro model system, we found that only the supra-physiological dose of T affected these two processes irrespective of the ratio of male to female cells in the pools. At a concentration of 1 μM, T downregulated the proliferation of HUVEC by inducing arrest in the G1 cell cycle phase in an Androgen Receptor (AR)-independent manner. We show that treatment with 1 μM T also induced downregulation of HUVEC migration. This process was AR-dependent and was associated with persistent phosphorylation of ezrin, radixin and moesin. Regardless of the mechanism of action, the treatment of HUVEC with both supra- and physiological doses of T was associated with posttranscriptional stabilization of the AR upon ligand binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aulona Gaba
- Department of Gynecological Endocrinology, University Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Zyhdi Zhegu
- Department of Gynecological Endocrinology, University Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Nadja Leditznig
- Department of Gynecological Endocrinology, University Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ladislaus Szabo
- Department of Gynecological Endocrinology, University Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Walter Tschugguel
- Department of Gynecological Endocrinology, University Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christian Schneeberger
- Department of Gynecological Endocrinology, University Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Iveta Yotova
- Department of Gynecological Endocrinology, University Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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13
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Montaño LM, Flores-Soto E, Reyes-García J, Díaz-Hernández V, Carbajal-García A, Campuzano-González E, Ramírez-Salinas GL, Velasco-Velázquez MA, Sommer B. Testosterone induces hyporesponsiveness by interfering with IP 3 receptors in guinea pig airway smooth muscle. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2018; 473:17-30. [PMID: 29275169 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2017.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Revised: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Asthma symptoms have been associated with sex steroids. During childhood, this illness seems more frequent in boys than in girls and this tendency reverts in puberty when it is more severe in women. Testosterone (TES), at supraphysiological concentrations, relaxed pre-contracted airway smooth muscle, but its effects at physiological concentrations have not been thoroughly studied. We explored this possibility in guinea pig tracheal smooth muscle. In myocytes TES (10 nM) abolished carbachol (CCh)-induced intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) increment. Ca2+ responses to ATP were partially modified by TES while histamine's were not. These results indicate that inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) signaling pathway might be involved. Photolysis of caged-IP3 increased [Ca2+]i and TES abolished this effect. TES diminished reactivity of the smooth muscle to CCh and this effect was non-genomic since it was unchanged by flutamide. In tracheal smooth muscle, mRNA for each IP3 receptor (ITPR) isoform was found and, by immunofluorescence, ITPR1 and ITPR3 seems to be the main isoforms observed while ITPR2 was less prominent. Comparing the amino acid sequence of ITPR1 and the sequence of the TES binding site on the androgen receptor, we found that they share a short sequence. This domain could be responsible for the TES binding to the ITPR1 and probably for its blocking effect. We conclude that TES modifies ITPR1 function in airway smooth muscle, turning this tissue less reactive to contractile agonists that act through PLCβ-IP3 signaling cascade. These results might be related to the low asthma prevalence in males from puberty to adulthood.
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Animals
- Calcium/metabolism
- Calcium Channels/metabolism
- Carbachol/pharmacology
- Genome
- Guinea Pigs
- Histamine/pharmacology
- Humans
- Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate/pharmacology
- Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate Receptors/chemistry
- Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate Receptors/metabolism
- Intracellular Space/metabolism
- Male
- Muscle Contraction/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth/physiology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/drug effects
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/metabolism
- Protein Isoforms/metabolism
- Receptors, Androgen/chemistry
- Receptors, Androgen/metabolism
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Testosterone/pharmacology
- Trachea/drug effects
- Trachea/physiology
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis M Montaño
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
| | - Edgar Flores-Soto
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Jorge Reyes-García
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Verónica Díaz-Hernández
- Departamento de Embriología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Abril Carbajal-García
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Elías Campuzano-González
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - G Lizbeth Ramírez-Salinas
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510, Ciudad de México, Mexico; Cátedras CONACYT, Mexico; Unidad Periférica de Biomedicina Traslacional, (CMN 20 de Noviembre, ISSSTE) Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Marco A Velasco-Velázquez
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510, Ciudad de México, Mexico; Unidad Periférica de Biomedicina Traslacional, (CMN 20 de Noviembre, ISSSTE) Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Bettina Sommer
- Departamento de Investigación en Hiperreactividad Bronquial, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias, 14080, Ciudad de México, Mexico
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14
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Lin X, Du J, Du Y, Wu R, Fang X, Liao Y, Quan S. Effects of dehydroepiandrosterone supplementation on mice with diminished ovarian reserve. Gynecol Endocrinol 2018; 34:357-359. [PMID: 29221424 DOI: 10.1080/09513590.2017.1409712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) has been used to improve the pregnancy rate in women with diminished ovarian reserve(DOR) during in vitro fertilization. We aimed to validate the effects of DHEA and identify the possible mechanisms. We constructed a mice model with DOR and analyzed the hormone parameters and follicle counts. In vivo experiment, FSH and LH concentrations in the serum were significantly elevated in the DOR group. However, the FSH and LH concentrations were partially reversed in the DOR + DHEA group. The E2, AMH and INHB were down-regulated in the DOR group and reversed in the DOR + DHEA group. Our study supported evidences that DHEA might modulate the hormone receptors in the ovary and hormone secretions to the peripheral circulation to regulate the ovary reserve functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiufeng Lin
- a Reproductive Medical Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University , Guangzhou , China
- b Reproductive Medical Center , Boai Hospital of Zhongshan , Zhongshan , Guangdong Province , China
| | - Jing Du
- a Reproductive Medical Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University , Guangzhou , China
- b Reproductive Medical Center , Boai Hospital of Zhongshan , Zhongshan , Guangdong Province , China
| | - Yan Du
- b Reproductive Medical Center , Boai Hospital of Zhongshan , Zhongshan , Guangdong Province , China
| | - Riran Wu
- b Reproductive Medical Center , Boai Hospital of Zhongshan , Zhongshan , Guangdong Province , China
| | - Xiaowu Fang
- b Reproductive Medical Center , Boai Hospital of Zhongshan , Zhongshan , Guangdong Province , China
| | - Yuechan Liao
- b Reproductive Medical Center , Boai Hospital of Zhongshan , Zhongshan , Guangdong Province , China
| | - Song Quan
- a Reproductive Medical Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University , Guangzhou , China
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Izzicupo P, D’Amico MA, Di Blasio A, Napolitano G, Nakamura FY, Di Baldassarre A, Ghinassi B. Aerobic Training Improves Angiogenic Potential Independently of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Modifications in Postmenopausal Women. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2017; 8:363. [PMID: 29312152 PMCID: PMC5742914 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2017.00363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of walking-training on the balance between pro- and antiangiogenic signals and on the angiogenic potential in postmenopausal women. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty-four postmenopausal women (56.18 ± 4.24 years) participated in a 13 weeks program of walking-training. Anthropometric measures, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), interleukin (IL)-1α, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12p70, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), C-reactive protein, insulin, IGF-1, cortisol, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S), leptin, visfatin, resistin, and adiponectin were evaluated before and after training. Moreover, serum samples were tested for their ability to chemo-attract endothelial cells and to support the in vitro formation of capillary-like structures. RESULTS After training, the levels of IL-8, TNF-α, leptin, and resistin were significantly lower, levels of DHEA-S and adiponectin increased, serum angiogenic properties improved, whereas no changes in anthropometric parameters or VEGF were detected. CONCLUSION Walking training reduces inflammatory status and leads to a significant improvement in serum angiogenic properties in the absence of modifications in body composition and VEGF level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Izzicupo
- Department of Medicine and Aging Science, University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti - Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Maria A. D’Amico
- Department of Medicine and Aging Science, University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti - Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Andrea Di Blasio
- Department of Medicine and Aging Science, University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti - Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Giorgio Napolitano
- Department of Medicine and Aging Science, University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti - Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Fabio Y. Nakamura
- Department of Medicine and Aging Science, University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti - Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Angela Di Baldassarre
- Department of Medicine and Aging Science, University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti - Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Barbara Ghinassi
- Department of Medicine and Aging Science, University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti - Pescara, Chieti, Italy
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16
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Harrington LB, Marck BT, Wiggins KL, McKnight B, Heckbert SR, Woods NF, LaCroix AZ, Blondon M, Psaty BM, Rosendaal FR, Matsumoto AM, Smith NL. Cross-sectional association of endogenous steroid hormone, sex hormone-binding globulin, and precursor steroid levels with hemostatic factor levels in postmenopausal women. J Thromb Haemost 2017; 15:80-90. [PMID: 27797446 PMCID: PMC5280337 DOI: 10.1111/jth.13554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Essentials Endogenous hormone levels' influence on hemostatic factor levels is not fully characterized. We tested for associations of endogenous hormone with hemostatic factor levels in postmenopause. Estrone levels were inversely associated with the natural anticoagulant, protein S antigen. Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate levels were inversely associated with thrombin generation. SUMMARY Background Oral use of exogenous estrogen/progestin alters hemostatic factor levels. The influence of endogenous hormones on these levels is incompletely characterized. Objectives Our study aimed to test whether, among postmenopausal women, high levels of estradiol (E2), estrone (E1), testosterone (T), dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS), dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), and androstenedione, and low levels of sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), are positively associated with measures of thrombin generation (TG), a normalized activated protein C sensitivity ratio (nAPCsr), and factor VII activity (FVIIc), and negatively associated with antithrombin activity (ATc) and total protein S antigen (PSAg). Methods This Heart and Vascular Health study cross-sectional analysis included 131 postmenopausal women without a prior venous thrombosis who were not currently using hormone therapy. Adjusted mean differences in TG, nAPCsr, FVIIc, ATc and PSAg levels associated with differences in hormone levels were estimated using multiple linear regression. We measured E2, E1, total T, DHEAS, DHEA and androstenedione levels by mass spectrometry, SHBG levels by immunoassay, and calculated the level of free T. Results One picogram per milliliter higher E1 levels were associated with 0.24% lower PSAg levels (95% Confidence Interval [CI]: -0.35, -0.12) and 1 μg mL-1 higher DHEAS levels were associated with 40.8 nm lower TG peak values (95% CI: -59.5, -22.2) and 140.7 nm×min lower TG endogenous thrombin potential (ETP) (95% CI: -212.1, -69.4). After multiple comparisons correction, there was no evidence for other associations. Conclusions As hypothesized, higher E1 levels were associated with lower levels of the natural anticoagulant PSAg. Contrary to hypotheses, higher DHEAS levels were associated with differences in TG peak and ETP that suggest less generation of thrombin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura B. Harrington
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Brett T. Marck
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Kerri L. Wiggins
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Barbara McKnight
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Susan R. Heckbert
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Group Health Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Nancy F. Woods
- School of Nursing, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Andrea Z. LaCroix
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Group Health Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Marc Blondon
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Division of Angiology and Haemostasis, Geneva University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Bruce M. Psaty
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Group Health Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Health Services, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Frits R. Rosendaal
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Alvin M. Matsumoto
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA, USA
- Division of Gerontology & Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Nicholas L. Smith
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Group Health Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
- Seattle Epidemiologic Research and Information Center, Department of Veterans Affairs Office of Research and Development, Seattle, WA, USA
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17
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Wilhelmson AS, Fagman JB, Johansson I, Zou ZV, Andersson AG, Svedlund Eriksson E, Johansson ME, Lindahl P, Fogelstrand P, Tivesten Å. Increased Intimal Hyperplasia After Vascular Injury in Male Androgen Receptor-Deficient Mice. Endocrinology 2016; 157:3915-3923. [PMID: 27533884 DOI: 10.1210/en.2016-1100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Intimal hyperplasia is a vascular pathological process involved in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Data suggest that T, the most important sex steroid hormone in males, protects men from atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. T mainly acts via the androgen receptor (AR), and in this study we evaluated formation of intimal hyperplasia in male AR knockout (ARKO) mice using a vascular injury model. Two weeks after ligation of the carotid artery, male ARKO mice showed increased intimal area and intimal thickness compared with controls. After endothelial denudation by an in vivo scraping injury, there was no difference in the reendothelialization in ARKO compared with control mice. Ex vivo, we observed increased outgrowth of vascular smooth muscle cells from ARKO compared with control aortic tissue explants; the number of outgrown cells was almost doubled in ARKO. In vitro, stimulation of human aortic vascular smooth muscle cells with a physiological T concentration inhibited both migration and proliferation of the cells. Analyzing the expression of central regulators of cell proliferation and migration, we found that mRNA and protein levels of p27 were lower in uninjured arteries from ARKO mice and that T replacement to castrated male mice increased p27 mRNA in an AR-dependent manner. In conclusion, AR deficiency in male mice increases intimal hyperplasia in response to vascular injury, potentially related to the effects of androgens/AR to inhibit proliferation and migration of smooth muscle cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna S Wilhelmson
- Wallenberg Laboratory for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research (A.S.W., J.B.F., I.J., Z.V.Z., A.G.A., E.S.E., P.L., P.F., Å.T.), Institute of Medicine; Sahlgrenska Cancer Center (J.B.F.), Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences; and Department of Physiology (M.E.J.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology; Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE-413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden; The Finsen Laboratory (A.S.W), Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Health Sciences, Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, Danish Stem Cell Centre (DanStem), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Johan B Fagman
- Wallenberg Laboratory for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research (A.S.W., J.B.F., I.J., Z.V.Z., A.G.A., E.S.E., P.L., P.F., Å.T.), Institute of Medicine; Sahlgrenska Cancer Center (J.B.F.), Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences; and Department of Physiology (M.E.J.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology; Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE-413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden; The Finsen Laboratory (A.S.W), Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Health Sciences, Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, Danish Stem Cell Centre (DanStem), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Inger Johansson
- Wallenberg Laboratory for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research (A.S.W., J.B.F., I.J., Z.V.Z., A.G.A., E.S.E., P.L., P.F., Å.T.), Institute of Medicine; Sahlgrenska Cancer Center (J.B.F.), Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences; and Department of Physiology (M.E.J.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology; Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE-413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden; The Finsen Laboratory (A.S.W), Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Health Sciences, Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, Danish Stem Cell Centre (DanStem), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Zhiyuan V Zou
- Wallenberg Laboratory for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research (A.S.W., J.B.F., I.J., Z.V.Z., A.G.A., E.S.E., P.L., P.F., Å.T.), Institute of Medicine; Sahlgrenska Cancer Center (J.B.F.), Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences; and Department of Physiology (M.E.J.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology; Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE-413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden; The Finsen Laboratory (A.S.W), Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Health Sciences, Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, Danish Stem Cell Centre (DanStem), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Axel G Andersson
- Wallenberg Laboratory for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research (A.S.W., J.B.F., I.J., Z.V.Z., A.G.A., E.S.E., P.L., P.F., Å.T.), Institute of Medicine; Sahlgrenska Cancer Center (J.B.F.), Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences; and Department of Physiology (M.E.J.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology; Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE-413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden; The Finsen Laboratory (A.S.W), Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Health Sciences, Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, Danish Stem Cell Centre (DanStem), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Elin Svedlund Eriksson
- Wallenberg Laboratory for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research (A.S.W., J.B.F., I.J., Z.V.Z., A.G.A., E.S.E., P.L., P.F., Å.T.), Institute of Medicine; Sahlgrenska Cancer Center (J.B.F.), Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences; and Department of Physiology (M.E.J.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology; Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE-413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden; The Finsen Laboratory (A.S.W), Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Health Sciences, Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, Danish Stem Cell Centre (DanStem), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Maria E Johansson
- Wallenberg Laboratory for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research (A.S.W., J.B.F., I.J., Z.V.Z., A.G.A., E.S.E., P.L., P.F., Å.T.), Institute of Medicine; Sahlgrenska Cancer Center (J.B.F.), Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences; and Department of Physiology (M.E.J.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology; Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE-413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden; The Finsen Laboratory (A.S.W), Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Health Sciences, Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, Danish Stem Cell Centre (DanStem), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Per Lindahl
- Wallenberg Laboratory for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research (A.S.W., J.B.F., I.J., Z.V.Z., A.G.A., E.S.E., P.L., P.F., Å.T.), Institute of Medicine; Sahlgrenska Cancer Center (J.B.F.), Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences; and Department of Physiology (M.E.J.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology; Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE-413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden; The Finsen Laboratory (A.S.W), Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Health Sciences, Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, Danish Stem Cell Centre (DanStem), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Per Fogelstrand
- Wallenberg Laboratory for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research (A.S.W., J.B.F., I.J., Z.V.Z., A.G.A., E.S.E., P.L., P.F., Å.T.), Institute of Medicine; Sahlgrenska Cancer Center (J.B.F.), Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences; and Department of Physiology (M.E.J.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology; Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE-413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden; The Finsen Laboratory (A.S.W), Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Health Sciences, Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, Danish Stem Cell Centre (DanStem), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Åsa Tivesten
- Wallenberg Laboratory for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research (A.S.W., J.B.F., I.J., Z.V.Z., A.G.A., E.S.E., P.L., P.F., Å.T.), Institute of Medicine; Sahlgrenska Cancer Center (J.B.F.), Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences; and Department of Physiology (M.E.J.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology; Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE-413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden; The Finsen Laboratory (A.S.W), Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Health Sciences, Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, Danish Stem Cell Centre (DanStem), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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18
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Yoshida S, Ikeda Y, Aihara KI. Roles of the Androgen – Androgen Receptor System in Vascular Angiogenesis. J Atheroscler Thromb 2016; 23:257-65. [DOI: 10.5551/jat.31047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sumiko Yoshida
- Department of Hematology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School
| | - Yasumasa Ikeda
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School
| | - Ken-ichi Aihara
- Department of Hematology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School
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19
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Huang CK, Luo J, Lai KP, Wang R, Pang H, Chang E, Yan C, Sparks J, Lee SO, Cho J, Chang C. Androgen receptor promotes abdominal aortic aneurysm development via modulating inflammatory interleukin-1α and transforming growth factor-β1 expression. Hypertension 2015; 66:881-91. [PMID: 26324502 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.115.05654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Sex difference is a risk factor for abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) formation yet the reason for male predominance remains unclear. Androgen and the androgen receptor (AR) influence the male sex difference, indicating that AR signaling may affect AAA development. Using angiotensin II–induced AAA in apolipoprotein E null mouse models (82.4% AAA incidence), we found that mice lacking AR failed to develop AAA and aorta had dramatically reduced macrophages infiltration and intact elastic fibers. These findings suggested that AR expression in endothelial cells, macrophages, or smooth muscle cells might play a role in AAA development. Selective knockout of AR in each of these cell types further demonstrated that mice lacking AR in macrophages (20% AAA incidence) or smooth muscle cells (12.5% AAA incidence) but not in endothelial cells (71.4% AAA incidence) had suppressed AAA development. Mechanism dissection showed that AR functioned through modulation of interleukin-1α (IL-1α) and transforming growth factor-β1 signals and by targeting AR with the AR degradation enhancer ASC-J9 led to significant suppression of AAA development. These results demonstrate the underlying mechanism by which AR influences AAA development is through IL-1α and transforming growth factor-β1, and provides a potential new therapy to suppress/prevent AAA by targeting AR with ASC-J9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiung-Kuei Huang
- George Whipple Laboratory for Cancer Research, Departments of Pathology, Urology, Radiation Oncology, and The Wilmot Cancer Center, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester
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20
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Lee MJ, Kim EH, Lee SA, Kang YM, Jung CH, Yoon HK, Seol SM, Lee YL, Lee WJ, Park JY. Dehydroepiandrosterone prevents linoleic acid-induced endothelial cell senescence by increasing autophagy. Metabolism 2015; 64:1134-45. [PMID: 26051603 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2015.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2014] [Revised: 04/28/2015] [Accepted: 05/04/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autophagy has emerged as a potentially important factor in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) is an adrenal steroid of great recent interest due to its anti-aging and anti-atherogenic effects; however, little is known about its role in autophagy and endothelial senescence. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate whether DHEA prevents linoleic acid (LA)-induced endothelial senescence by enhancing autophagy. MATERIALS/METHODS After pre-treatement with or without DHEA prior to LA treatment in human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs), the level of senescence was compared by senescence-associated acidic β-galactosidase (SA-β-Gal) staining and hyperphosphorylated pRB (ppRB) protein level. Autophagy was detected by LC3 conversion and measuring the level of p62/SQSTM1 (sequestosome 1), a protein degraded by autophagy. The fusion of autophagosome and lysosome was confirmed by fluorescence microscopy. RESULTS Pre-treatment with DHEA inhibited LA-induced endothelial senescence. DHEA increased the conversion of LC3-I to LC3-II and decreased the level of p62 in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Although both DHEA and LA treatment increased the conversion of LC3-I to LC3-II, treatment of LA increased p62 and decreased fusion of autophagosome and lysosome, which reflected decreased autophagic flux. However, pre-treatment with DHEA restored autophagic flux inhibited by LA. When we evaluated signaling pathways, we found that JNK activation involved in LC3 conversion induced by DHEA. CONCLUSION DHEA prevents LA-induced endothelial senescence by restoring autophagy and autophagic flux through JNK activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Jung Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Hee Kim
- Department of Health Screening and Promotion Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Ah Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Jeju National University Hospital, Jeju National School of Medicine, Jeju, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu Mi Kang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Hee Jung
- Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae Kyeong Yoon
- Asan Institute of Life Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - So Mi Seol
- Asan Institute of Life Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoo La Lee
- Asan Institute of Life Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo Je Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Joong-Yeol Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Ortega HH, Veiga-Lopez A, Sreedharan S, del Luján Velázquez MM, Salvetti NR, Padmanabhan V. Developmental Programming: Does Prenatal Steroid Excess Disrupt the Ovarian VEGF System in Sheep? Biol Reprod 2015; 93:58. [PMID: 26178718 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.115.131607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2015] [Accepted: 07/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Prenatal testosterone (T), but not dihydrotestosterone (DHT), excess disrupts ovarian cyclicity and increases follicular recruitment and persistence. We hypothesized that the disruption in the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) system contributes to the enhancement of follicular recruitment and persistence in prenatal T-treated sheep. The impact of T/DHT treatments from Days 30 to 90 of gestation on VEGFA, VEGFB, and their receptor (VEGFR-1 [FLT1], VEGFR-2 [KDR], and VEGFR-3 [FLT4]) protein expression was examined by immunohistochemistry on Fetal Days 90 and 140, 22 wk, 10 mo (postpubertal), and 21 mo (adult) of age. Arterial morphometry was performed in Fetal Day 140 and postpubertal ovaries. VEGFA and VEGFB expression were found in granulosa cells at all stages of follicular development with increased expression in antral follicles. VEGFA was present in theca interna, while VEGFB was present in theca interna/externa and stromal cells. All three receptors were expressed in the granulosa, theca, and stromal cells during all stages of follicular development. VEGFR-3 increased with follicular differentiation with the highest level seen in the granulosa cells of antral follicles. None of the members of the VEGF family or their receptor expression were altered by age or prenatal T/DHT treatments. At Fetal Day 140, area, wall thickness, and wall area of arteries from the ovarian hilum were larger in prenatal T- and DHT-treated females, suggestive of early androgenic programming of arterial differentiation. This may facilitate increased delivery of endocrine factors and thus indirectly contribute to the development of the multifollicular phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo Héctor Ortega
- Department of Morphological Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, National University of Litoral, Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina Argentine National Research Council (CONICET), Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Almudena Veiga-Lopez
- Department of Pediatrics and the Reproductive Sciences Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Shilpa Sreedharan
- Department of Pediatrics and the Reproductive Sciences Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Melisa María del Luján Velázquez
- Department of Morphological Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, National University of Litoral, Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina Argentine National Research Council (CONICET), Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Natalia Raquel Salvetti
- Department of Morphological Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, National University of Litoral, Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina Argentine National Research Council (CONICET), Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Vasantha Padmanabhan
- Department of Pediatrics and the Reproductive Sciences Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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22
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Mannic T, Viguie J, Rossier MF. In vivo and in vitro evidences of dehydroepiandrosterone protective role on the cardiovascular system. Int J Endocrinol Metab 2015; 13:e24660. [PMID: 25926854 PMCID: PMC4389253 DOI: 10.5812/ijem.24660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2014] [Revised: 12/05/2014] [Accepted: 02/14/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and its sulfate ester, Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate (DHEA-S) have been considered as putative anti-aging hormones for many years. Indeed, while DHEAS is the most abundant circulating hormone, its concentration is markedly decreased upon aging and early epidemiologic trials have revealed a strong inverse correlation between the hormone concentrations and the occurrence of several dysfunctions frequently encountered in the elderly. Naturally, hormonal supplementation has been rapidly suggested to prevent DHEA (S) deficiency and therefore, age-related development of these pathologies, using the same strategy as estrogen replacement therapy proposed in postmenopausal women. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION All references were searched using PubMed and the following strategy: our initial selection included all articles in English and we sorted them with the following keywords: "DHEA or DHEA-S" and "heart or vascular or endothelium or cardiovascular disease". The search was limited to neither the publication date nor specific journals. The final selection was made according to the relevance of the article content with the aims of the review. According to these criteria, fewer than 10% of the articles retrieved at the first step were discarded. RESULTS In this short review, we have focused on the cardiovascular action of DHEA. We started by analyzing evidences in favor of a strong inverse association between DHEA (S) levels and the cardiovascular risk as demonstrated in multiple observational epidemiologic studies for several decades. Then we discussed the different trials aimed at supplementing DHEA (S), both in animals and human, for preventing cardiovascular diseases and we analyzed the possible reasons for the discrepancy observed among the results of some studies. Finally, we presented putative molecular mechanisms of action for DHEA (S), demonstrated in vitro in different models of vascular and cardiac cells, highlighting the complexity of the involved signaling pathways. CONCLUSIONS The identification of the beneficial cardiovascular effects of DHEA (S) and a better understanding of the involved mechanisms should be helpful to develop new strategies or pharmacologic approaches for many lethal diseases in Western countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiphaine Mannic
- Department of Human Protein Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Genetics and laboratory Medicine, University Hospitals of Geneva, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Corresponding author: Tiphaine Mannic, Department of Genetics and laboratory Medicine, University Hospitals of Geneva, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland. Tel: +41-223795775, Fax: +41-223795502, E-mail:
| | - Joanna Viguie
- Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Michel Florian Rossier
- Department of Human Protein Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Service of Clinical Chemistry and Toxicology, Central Institute of the Hospital of Valais, Sion, Switzerland
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23
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Torres-Estay V, Carreño DV, San Francisco IF, Sotomayor P, Godoy AS, Smith GJ. Androgen receptor in human endothelial cells. J Endocrinol 2015; 224:R131-7. [PMID: 25563353 PMCID: PMC4700832 DOI: 10.1530/joe-14-0611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Androgen receptor (AR) is a ligand-inducible transcription factor, and a member of the steroid-thyroid-retinoid receptor superfamily, that mediates the biological effects of androgens in a wide range of physiological and pathological processes. AR expression was identified in vascular cells nearly 20 years ago, and recent research has shown that AR mediates a variety of actions of androgens in endothelial and vascular smooth muscle cells. In this mini-review, we review evidence indicating the importance of AR in human endothelial cell (HUVEC) homeostatic and pathogenic processes. Although a role for AR in the modulation of HUVEC biology is evident, the molecular mechanisms by which AR regulates HUVEC homeostasis and disease processes are not fully understood. Understanding these mechanisms could provide critical insights into the processes of pathogenesis of diseases ranging from cardiovascular disease to cancer that are major causes of human morbidity and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verónica Torres-Estay
- Departamento de FisiologíaUrologíaPontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago de Chile, ChileCenter for Integrative Medicine and Innovative SciencesUniversidad Andrés Bello, Santiago de Chile, ChileDepartment of UrologyRoswell Park Cancer Institute, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, New York 14263, USA
| | - Daniela V Carreño
- Departamento de FisiologíaUrologíaPontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago de Chile, ChileCenter for Integrative Medicine and Innovative SciencesUniversidad Andrés Bello, Santiago de Chile, ChileDepartment of UrologyRoswell Park Cancer Institute, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, New York 14263, USA
| | - Ignacio F San Francisco
- Departamento de FisiologíaUrologíaPontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago de Chile, ChileCenter for Integrative Medicine and Innovative SciencesUniversidad Andrés Bello, Santiago de Chile, ChileDepartment of UrologyRoswell Park Cancer Institute, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, New York 14263, USA
| | - Paula Sotomayor
- Departamento de FisiologíaUrologíaPontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago de Chile, ChileCenter for Integrative Medicine and Innovative SciencesUniversidad Andrés Bello, Santiago de Chile, ChileDepartment of UrologyRoswell Park Cancer Institute, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, New York 14263, USA
| | - Alejandro S Godoy
- Departamento de FisiologíaUrologíaPontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago de Chile, ChileCenter for Integrative Medicine and Innovative SciencesUniversidad Andrés Bello, Santiago de Chile, ChileDepartment of UrologyRoswell Park Cancer Institute, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, New York 14263, USA Departamento de FisiologíaUrologíaPontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago de Chile, ChileCenter for Integrative Medicine and Innovative SciencesUniversidad Andrés Bello, Santiago de Chile, ChileDepartment of UrologyRoswell Park Cancer Institute, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, New York 14263, USA
| | - Gary J Smith
- Departamento de FisiologíaUrologíaPontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago de Chile, ChileCenter for Integrative Medicine and Innovative SciencesUniversidad Andrés Bello, Santiago de Chile, ChileDepartment of UrologyRoswell Park Cancer Institute, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, New York 14263, USA
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24
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Agiannitopoulos K, Bakalgianni A, Marouli E, Zormpa I, Manginas A, Papamenzelopoulos S, Lamnissou K. Gender Specificity of a Genetic Variant of Androgen Receptor and Risk of Coronary Artery Disease. J Clin Lab Anal 2015; 30:204-7. [PMID: 25716092 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.21837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2013] [Accepted: 11/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Androgens are known to influence the risk of developing cardiovascular diseases. This study aims at investigating the possible association between G1733A polymorphism in the coding region of androgen receptor (AR) gene and premature coronary artery disease (CAD). METHODS A total of 460 Greek subjects were investigated for the G1733A polymorphism. The patient group consisted of 250 CAD individuals, aged less than 58 years, while 210 healthy individuals served as controls. Genotyping was performed using the PCR-RFLP method. RESULTS Significant differences in genotype distribution (P = 0.0067) and allele frequencies (P = 0.0060) have been observed between patients and controls in the women's subgroup. Conversely, the genotype/allele frequencies were similar between patients and controls in the subgroup of men. CONCLUSION We may conclude that the G1733A polymorphism of AR gene could be a useful genetic marker for the assessment of a woman's risk for CAD in our Caucasian Greek population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Angeliki Bakalgianni
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Eirini Marouli
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Ioanna Zormpa
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | | | | | - Klea Lamnissou
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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25
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Várbíró S, Sára L, Antal P, Monori-Kiss A, Tőkés AM, Monos E, Benkő R, Csibi N, Szekeres M, Tarszabo R, Novak A, Paragi P, Nádasy GL. Lower-limb veins are thicker and vascular reactivity is decreased in a rat PCOS model: concomitant vitamin D3 treatment partially prevents these changes. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2014; 307:H848-57. [PMID: 25015958 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.01024.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) causes vascular damage to arteries; however, there are no data for its effect on veins. Our aim was to clarify the effects of dihydrotestosterone (DHT)-induced PCOS both on venous biomechanics and on pharmacological reactivity in a rat model and to test the possible modulatory role of vitamin D3 (vitD). PCOS was induced in female Wistar rats by DHT treatment (83 μg/day, subcutaneous pellet). After 10 wk, the venous biomechanics, norepinephrine (NE)-induced contractility, and acetylcholine-induced relaxation were tested in saphenous veins from control animals and from animals treated with DHT or DHT with vitD using pressure angiography. Additionally, the expression levels of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and cyclooxygenase (COX-2) were measured using immunohistochemistry. Increased diameter, wall thickness, and distensibility as well as decreased vasoconstriction were detected after the DHT treatment. Concomitant vitD treatment lowered the mechanical load on the veins, reduced distensibility, and resulted in vessels that were more relaxed. Although there was no difference in the endothelial dilation tested using acetylcholine (ACh), the blocking effect of N(G)-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (l-NAME) was lower and was accompanied by lower COX-2 expression in the endothelium after the DHT treatment. Supplementation with vitD prevented these alterations. eNOS expression did not differ among the three groups. We conclude that the hyperandrogenic state resulted in thicker vein walls. These veins showed early remodeling and altered vasorelaxant mechanisms similar to those of varicose veins. Alterations caused by the chronic DHT treatment were prevented partially by concomitant vitD administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Szabolcs Várbíró
- Second Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary;
| | - Levente Sára
- Second Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Péter Antal
- Institute of Human Physiology and Clinical Experimental Research, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Anna Monori-Kiss
- Institute of Human Physiology and Clinical Experimental Research, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Anna-Mária Tőkés
- MTA-SE Tumor Progression Research Group, Second Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Emil Monos
- Institute of Human Physiology and Clinical Experimental Research, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Rita Benkő
- Institute of Human Physiology and Clinical Experimental Research, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Noémi Csibi
- Second Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; Institute of Human Physiology and Clinical Experimental Research, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; MTA-SE Tumor Progression Research Group, Second Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Maria Szekeres
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; and
| | - Robert Tarszabo
- Second Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Agnes Novak
- Second Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; MTA-SE Tumor Progression Research Group, Second Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; Department of Pathology, Bajcsy-Zsilinszky Hospital, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Péter Paragi
- Second Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - György L Nádasy
- Institute of Human Physiology and Clinical Experimental Research, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
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26
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Lopes RAM, Neves KB, Pestana CR, Queiroz AL, Zanotto CZ, Chignalia AZ, Valim YM, Silveira LR, Curti C, Tostes RC. Testosterone induces apoptosis in vascular smooth muscle cells via extrinsic apoptotic pathway with mitochondria-generated reactive oxygen species involvement. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2014; 306:H1485-94. [PMID: 24658017 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00809.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Testosterone exerts both beneficial and harmful effects on the cardiovascular system. Considering that testosterone induces reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and ROS activate cell death signaling pathways, we tested the hypothesis that testosterone induces apoptosis in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) via mitochondria-dependent ROS generation. Potential mechanisms were addressed. Cultured VSMCs were stimulated with testosterone (10(-7) mol/l) or vehicle (2-12 h) in the presence of flutamide (10(-5) mol/l), CCCP (10(-6) mol/l), mimetic manganese(III) tetrakis(1-methyl-4-pyridyl)porphyrin (MnTMPyP; 3 × 10(-5) mol/l), Z-Ile-Glu(O-ME)-Thr-Asp(O-Me) fluoromethyl ketone (Z-IETD-FMK; 10(-5) mol/l), or vehicle. ROS were determined with lucigenin and dichlorodihydrofluorescein; apoptosis, with annexin V and calcein; O2 consumption, with a Clark-type electrode, and procaspases, caspases, cytochrome c, Bax, and Bcl-2 levels by immunoblotting. Testosterone induced ROS generation (relative light units/mg protein, 2 h; 162.6 ± 16 vs. 100) and procaspase-3 activation [arbitrary units, (AU), 6 h; 166.2 ± 19 vs. 100]. CCCP, MnTMPyP, and flutamide abolished these effects. Testosterone increased annexin-V fluorescence (AU, 197.6 ± 21.5 vs. 100) and decreased calcein fluorescence (AU, 34.4 ± 6.4 vs. 100), and O2 consumption (nmol O2/min, 18.6 ± 2.0 vs. 34.4 ± 3.9). Testosterone also reduced Bax-to-Bcl-2 ratio but not cytochrome-c release from mitochondria. Moreover, testosterone (6 h) induced cleavage of procaspase 8 (AU, 161.1 ± 13.5 vs. 100) and increased gene expression of Fas ligand (2(ΔΔCt), 3.6 ± 1.2 vs. 0.7 ± 0.5), and TNF-α (1.7 ± 0.4 vs. 0.3 ± 0.1). CCCP, MnTMPyP, and flutamide abolished these effects. These data indicate that testosterone induces apoptosis in VSMCs via the extrinsic apoptotic pathway with the involvement of androgen receptor activation and mitochondria-generated ROS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Karla Bianca Neves
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil; and
| | - Cezar Rangel Pestana
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil; and
| | - André Lima Queiroz
- Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | | | - Andréia Z Chignalia
- Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Yara Maria Valim
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil; and
| | - Leonardo R Silveira
- Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil; School of Physical Education and Sports of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Carlos Curti
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil; and
| | - Rita C Tostes
- Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
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27
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Su JJ, Park SK, Hsieh TM. The Effect of Testosterone on Cardiovascular Disease. Am J Mens Health 2014; 8:470-91. [DOI: 10.1177/1557988314522642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in the United States. Testosterone is the principal male sex hormone and plays an important role in men’s health and well-being. Historically, testosterone was believed to adversely affect cardiovascular function. However, contemporary literature has refuted this traditional thinking; testosterone has been suggested to have a protective effect on cardiovascular function through its effects on the vascular system. Data from modern research indicate that hypogonadism is closely related to the development of various cardiovascular risk factors, including hyperlipidemia and insulin resistance. Several studies have demonstrated beneficial effects of testosterone supplementation therapy on reversing symptoms of hypogonadism and improving cardiovascular disease risk profiles. In this review, we perform a critical analysis on the association between testosterone and cardiovascular disease.
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28
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Lebbe M, Woodruff T. Involvement of androgens in ovarian health and disease. Mol Hum Reprod 2013; 19:828-37. [PMID: 24026057 PMCID: PMC3843026 DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gat065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2013] [Revised: 09/04/2013] [Accepted: 09/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In women, ovary and adrenal gland produce androgens. Androgens are essential drivers of the primordial to antral follicle development, prior to serving as substrate for estrogen production in the later stages of folliculogenesis. Androgens play a crucial role in the follicular-stromal intertalk by fine tuning the extracellular matrix and vessel content of the ovarian stroma. Local auto-and paracrine factors regulate androgen synthesis in the pre-antral follicle. Androgen excess is a hallmark of polycystic ovary syndrome and is a key contributor in the exaggerated antral follicle formation, stromal hyperplasia and hypervascularity. Hyperandrogenaemia overrides the follicular-stromal dialog, resulting in follicular arrest and disturbed ovulation. On the other hand, androgen deficiency is likely to have a negative impact on fertility as well, and further research is needed to examine the benefits of androgen-replacement therapy in subfertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Lebbe
- Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism (CEDAM), School of Clinical & Experimental Medicine, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - T.K. Woodruff
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 303 E Superior Street, Lurie 10-121, Chicago, IL 60610, USA
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29
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Saldanha PA, Cairrão E, Maia CJ, Verde I. Long- and short-term effects of androgens in human umbilical artery smooth muscle. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2013; 40:181-9. [PMID: 23278339 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.12047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2012] [Revised: 11/25/2012] [Accepted: 12/12/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to determine the effects of androgens in the regulation of human umbilical artery (HUA) contractility. The short-term effects of testosterone on the tone of the HUA were investigated, as were the long-term effects of dihydrotestosterone (DHT) on the expression of some proteins involved in the contractile process. Endothelium-denuded HUA were treated for 24 h with DHT (2 μmol/L) or the vehicle control (ethanol) to analyse the genomic effects of androgens. Twenty-four hour treatment of HUA with DHT increased the mRNA expression of the β(1)-subunit of the large-conductance Ca(2+)-activated (BK(Ca)) channel and decreased expression of the α-subunit of L-type calcium channels. In organ bath studies, testosterone (1-100 μmol/L) produced similar relaxant responses in DHT- and vehicle-treated HUA rings precontracted with 5-HT, histamine and KCl. However, the relaxation response obtained by the combined application of testosterone (100 μmol/L) and nifedipine (10 μmol/L) was significantly greater in DHT- compared with vehicle-treated HUA. The results indicate that the rapid vasorelaxant effects of testosterone that are dependent on both BK(Ca) and voltage-sensitive potassium (K(V)) channel activity in control arteries become dependent solely on K(V) channel activity in DHT-treated HUA. Thus, the present study reveals the importance of the investigation of both the short- and long-term effects of androgens in human arteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo A Saldanha
- Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
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Kurakula K, Hamers AAJ, de Waard V, de Vries CJM. Nuclear Receptors in atherosclerosis: a superfamily with many 'Goodfellas'. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2013; 368:71-84. [PMID: 22664910 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2012.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2012] [Revised: 05/23/2012] [Accepted: 05/25/2012] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear Receptors form a superfamily of 48 transcription factors that exhibit a plethora of functions in steroid hormone signaling, regulation of metabolism, circadian rhythm and cellular differentiation. In this review, we describe our current knowledge on the role of Nuclear Receptors in atherosclerosis, which is a multifactorial disease of the vessel wall. Various cell types are involved in this chronic inflammatory pathology in which multiple cellular processes and numerous genes are dysregulated. Systemic risk factors for atherosclerosis are among others adverse blood lipid profiles, enhanced circulating cytokine levels, as well as increased blood pressure. Since many Nuclear Receptors modulate lipid profiles or regulate blood pressure they indirectly affect atherosclerosis. In the present review, we focus on the functional involvement of Nuclear Receptors within the atherosclerotic vessel wall, more specifically on their modulation of cellular functions in endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells and macrophages. Collectively, this overview shows that most of the Nuclear Receptors are athero-protective in atherosclerotic lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kondababu Kurakula
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Walking training affects dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate and inflammation independent of changes in spontaneous physical activity. Menopause 2013; 20:455-63. [DOI: 10.1097/gme.0b013e31827425c9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Leimgruber C, Quintar AA, García LN, Petiti JP, De Paul AL, Maldonado CA. Testosterone abrogates TLR4 activation in prostate smooth muscle cells contributing to the preservation of a differentiated phenotype. J Cell Physiol 2013; 228:1551-60. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.24314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2012] [Accepted: 12/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Savineau JP, Marthan R, Dumas de la Roque E. Role of DHEA in cardiovascular diseases. Biochem Pharmacol 2012; 85:718-26. [PMID: 23270992 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2012.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2012] [Revised: 12/05/2012] [Accepted: 12/06/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) is a steroid hormone derived from cholesterol synthesized by the adrenal glands. DHEA and its 3β-sulphate ester (DHEA-S) are the most abundant circulating steroid hormones. In human, there is a clear age-related decline in serum DHEA and DHEA-S and this has suggested that a relative deficiency in these steroids may be causally related to the development of a series of diseases associated with aging including cardiovascular diseases (CVD). This commentary aims to highlight the action of DHEA in CVD and its beneficial effect in therapy. We thus discuss the possible impact of serum DHEA decline and DHEA supplementation in diseases such as hypertension, coronary artery disease and atherosclerosis. More specifically, we provide evidence for a beneficial action of DHEA in the main disease of the pulmonary circulation: pulmonary hypertension. We also examine the potential cellular mechanism of action of DHEA in terms of receptors (membrane/nuclear) and associated signaling pathways (ion channels, calcium signaling, PI3K/AKT/eNos pathway, cGMP, RhoA/RhoK pathway). We show that DHEA acts as an anti-remodeling and vasorelaxant drug. Since it is a well-tolerated and inexpensive drug, DHEA may prove to be a valuable molecule in CVD but it deserves further studies both at the molecular level and in large clinical trials.
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Campelo AE, Cutini PH, Massheimer VL. Cellular actions of testosterone in vascular cells: mechanism independent of aromatization to estradiol. Steroids 2012; 77:1033-40. [PMID: 22728893 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2012.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2012] [Revised: 05/24/2012] [Accepted: 05/30/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
In this work we investigated the role of testosterone on cellular processes involved in vascular disease, and whether these effects depend on its local conversion to estradiol. Cultures of rat aortic endothelial and smooth muscle cells in vitro treated with physiological concentrations of testosterone were employed. Testosterone rapidly increased endothelial nitric oxide production. To evaluate whether this non genomic action was dependent on testosterone aromatization we used an aromatase inhibitor. Anastrozole compound did not modify the fast increase in nitric oxide production elicited by testosterone. The hormonal effect was completely blocked by an androgen receptor antagonist (flutamide); meanwhile it wasn't modified by the presence of an estrogen receptor antagonist (ICI182780).The possibility of intracellular estradiol synthesis was ruled out when no differences were found in estradiol measurements performed in culture incubation medium from control and testosterone treated cells. The 5α-reductase inhibitor finasteride partially suppressed the enhancement in nitric oxide production, suggesting that the effect of testosterone was partially due to dihydrotestosterone conversion. Testosterone stimulated muscle cell proliferation independent of local conversion to estradiol. When cellular events that play key roles in vascular disease development were analyzed, testosterone prevented monocyte adhesion to endothelial cells induced by a proinflammatory stimulus (bacterial lipopolysaccharides), and prompted muscle cell migration in presence of a cell motility inducer. In summary, testosterone modulates vascular behavior through its direct action on vascular cells independent of aromatization to estradiol. The cellular actions exhibited by the steroid varied whether cells were under basal or inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrián E Campelo
- Cátedra de Bioquímica Clínica II, Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional del Sur, San Juan 670, B8000ICN Bahía Blanca, Argentina
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Abstract
Androgens, the male sex hormones, exert various biological effects on many target organs through the transcriptional effects of the nuclear androgen receptor (AR). ARs are expressed not only in classical target organs, such as the brain, genital organs, bone, and skeletal muscles, but also in the cardiovascular system. Because the female sex hormones estrogens are well-known to protect against cardiovascular disease, sex has been considered to have a significant clinical impact on cardiovascular mortality. However, the influence of androgens on the cardiovascular system has not been fully elucidated. To clarify this issue, we analyzed the effects of administration of angiotensin II and doxorubicin, an anticancer agent, in a loading model in male wild-type and AR-deficient mice. In this review, we focus on the actions of androgens as potential targets for the prevention of cardiovascular diseases in males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasumasa Ikeda
- Department of Pharmacology, The University of Tokushima, Graduate School of Health Biosciences, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
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Liao CH, Lin FY, Wu YN, Chiang HS. Androgens inhibit tumor necrosis factor-α-induced cell adhesion and promote tube formation of human coronary artery endothelial cells. Steroids 2012; 77:756-64. [PMID: 22504554 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2012.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2012] [Revised: 03/25/2012] [Accepted: 03/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Endothelial cells contribute to the function and integrity of the vascular wall, and a functional aberration may lead to atherogenesis. There is increasing evidence on the atheroprotective role of androgens. Therefore, we studied the effect of the androgens-testosterone and dihydrotestosterone-and estradiol on human coronary artery endothelial cell (HCAEC) function. We found by MTT assay that testosterone is not cytotoxic and enhances HCAEC proliferation. The effect of testosterone (10-50 nM), dihydrotestosterone (5-50 nM), and estradiol (0.1-0.4 nM) on the adhesion of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)-stimulated HCAECs was determined at different time points (12-96 h) by assessing their binding with human monocytic THP-1 cells. In addition, the expression of adhesion molecules, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) and intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), was determined by ELISA and Western blot analysis. Both testosterone and dihydrotestosterone attenuated cell adhesion and the expression of VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Furthermore, androgen treatment for a longer duration inhibited cell migration, as demonstrated by wound-healing assay, and promoted tube formation on a Matrigel. Western blot analysis demonstrated that the expression of phosphorylated endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) increased, whereas that of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) decreased following the 96-h steroid treatment of TNF-α-stimulated HCAECs. Our findings suggest that androgens modulate endothelial cell functions by suppressing the inflammatory process and enhancing wound-healing and regenerative angiogenesis, possibly through an androgen receptor (AR)-dependent mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Hou Liao
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Cardinal Tien Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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