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Mouthé Happi G, Teufel R. Steroids from the Meliaceae family and their biological activities. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2024; 221:114039. [PMID: 38417722 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2024.114039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
Steroids are farnesyl diphosphate-derived triterpene derivatives widely distributed in Meliaceae plants that can have several health benefits due to their biological activities. This literature survey on chemical and pharmacological studies of steroids from the Meliaceae plants indicates that 157 distinct steroids classified into six subclasses including (in decreasing number): pregnane-, stigmastane-, ergostane-, cholestane-, androstane- and ecdysterone-type steroids have been reported from a total of 49 plant species. This review aims to provide a reference document compiling information about the occurrence, chemistry and biological activities of meliaceous steroids for the period from 1988 to July 2023. In particular, generalities about the chemistry of steroids with unusual skeletons and underlying biosynthetic pathways are highlighted. In addition, some structural relationships between different compound types and their biological activities are presented. The information used during the writing of this paper was collected from the online libraries PubMed, Google Scholar and Scifinder using the keywords steroids and Meliaceae with no language restriction. This review points out new avenues for further investigations of steroids from plants of the Meliaceae family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gervais Mouthé Happi
- Department of Chemistry, Higher Teacher Training College, The University of Bamenda, P.O Box 39 Bambili, Cameroon.
| | - Robin Teufel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
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2
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Wang S, Shi Z, Zhang H, Hou J, Lee D, Xu J, Guo Y. Cycloartane-type triterpenoids and steroids from Trichilia connaroides and their multidrug resistance reversal activities. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2023; 216:113867. [PMID: 37757926 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2023.113867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Four undescribed cycloartane-type triterpenoids (1-4) and seven undescribed steroids (6-12), along with five known analogues (5 and 13-16), were isolated from the leaves of Trichilia connaroides. Their structures were identified based on the NMR data and HRESIMS, and the absolute configurations were determined through single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis, Mosher's method, and ECD calculations. The multidrug resistance (MDR) reversal activities of all the isolates were assessed, and compounds 10 and 11 showed significant activities to reverse the MDR of MCF-7/DOX cells with IC50 values of 2.90 and 3.76 μM, respectively. These bioactive compounds may bring fresh insights into the research and development of MDR reversal agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sibei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Zhaoyu Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Han Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Jiantong Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Dongho Lee
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, South Korea
| | - Jing Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China; State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550014, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yuanqiang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China.
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Kumara PM, Varun E, Sanjay JR, Madhushree AH, Thimmappa R. De novo transcriptome analysis of Dysoxylum binectariferum to unravel the biosynthesis of pharmaceutically relevant specialized metabolites. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1098987. [PMID: 37636089 PMCID: PMC10450223 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1098987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
The tropical tree, D. binectariferum, is a prominent source of chromone alkaloid rohitukine, which is used in the semi-syntheses of anticancer molecules such as flavopiridol and P-276-00. The biosynthetic pathway of rohitukine or its derivatives is currently unknown in plants. Here, we explored chromone alkaloid biosynthesis in D. binectariferum through targeted transcriptome sequencing. Illumina sequencing of leaves and roots of a year-old D. binectariferum seedling generated, 42.43 and 38.74 million paired-end short reads, respectively. Quality filtering and de novo assembly of the transcriptome generated 274,970 contigs and 126,788 unigenes with an N50 contig length of 1560 bp. The assembly generated 117,619 translated unigene protein sequences and 51,598 non-redundant sequences. Nearly 80% of these non-redundant sequences were annotated to publicly available protein and nucleotide databases, suggesting the completeness and effectiveness of the transcriptome assembly. Using the assembly, we identified a chalcone synthase (CHS) and three type III polyketide synthases (PKS-III; non-CHS type) that are likely to be involved in the biosynthesis of chromone ring/noreugenin moiety of rohitukine. We also identified key enzymes like lysine decarboxylase in the piperidine pathway that make the piperidine moiety of rohitukine. Besides these, the upstream enzymes in flavonoid biosynthesis like phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), trans-cinnamate 4-hydroxylase (C4H),4-coumarate-CoA ligase (4CL), and chalcone isomerase (CHI) have also been identified. Also, terpene synthases that are likely to be involved in the biosynthesis of various terpenoid scaffolds have been identified. Together, the D. binectariferum transcriptome resource forms a basis for further exploration of biosynthetic pathways of these valuable compounds through functional validation of the candidate genes and metabolic engineering in heterologous hosts. Additionally, the transcriptome dataset generated will serve as an important resource for research on functional genomics and enzyme discovery in D. binectariferum and comparative analysis with other Meliaceae family members.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patel Mohana Kumara
- Department of Biotechnology and Crop Improvement, Kittur Rani Chennamma College of Horticulture, Arabhavi, University of Horticultural Sciences, Bagalkot, Karnataka, India
- Center for Ayurveda Biology and Holistic Nutrition, The University of Trans-Disciplinary Health Sciences and Technology (TDU), Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Eranna Varun
- Center for Ayurveda Biology and Holistic Nutrition, The University of Trans-Disciplinary Health Sciences and Technology (TDU), Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Joshi Renuka Sanjay
- Center for Ayurveda Biology and Holistic Nutrition, The University of Trans-Disciplinary Health Sciences and Technology (TDU), Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Anchedoddi Hanumegowda Madhushree
- Center for Ayurveda Biology and Holistic Nutrition, The University of Trans-Disciplinary Health Sciences and Technology (TDU), Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Ramesha Thimmappa
- Amity Institute of Genome Engineering, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, India
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Varun E, Bhakti K, Aishwarya K, Suraj RH, Jagadish MR, Mohana Kumara P. Rohitukine content across the geographical distribution of Dysoxylum binectariferum Hook F. and its natural derivatives as potential sources of CDK inhibitors. Heliyon 2023; 9:e13469. [PMID: 36852056 PMCID: PMC9958448 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysoxylum binectariferum is an important medicinal plant distributed in the Western Ghats of India. The species has gained international importance for its anticancer component, rohitukine, a chromone alkaloid. Flavopiridol, P-276-00 and IIIM-290 are the derivatives of rohitukine in clinical trials against a wide range of cancers. Flavopiridol was recently approved as an orphan drug for chronic lymphocytic leukemia treatment. In this study, we report the isolation and characterization of rohitukine from the bark of D. binectariferum. Further, rohitukine was estimated across the Western-Ghats and the North-East regions of India. Additionally, D. binectariferum is also reported (∼45 compounds) to produce many natural derivatives of rohitukine and terpenoids, which were investigated in-silico to reveal promising CDK inhibitors. The metabolite fingerprinting of tissues of D. binectariferum was studied using HPTLC and FTIR. The distribution of major chromone alkaloid rohitukine was estimated by HPLC. Further, the pharmacological potential of D. binectariferum compounds was evaluated in-silico by discovering the potential protein targets, molecular docking, ADMET analysis and MD simulation. The isolation of rohitukine has yielded 0.6% from the bark of D. binectariferum. A higher percent of rohitukine was found in the Jog populations (0.58% & 1.28%: leaf & bark), whereas least was observed in the Phasighat population (∼0.06%: both leaf & bark). Across the geographic regions, a higher percent of rohitukine was found in the Central-southern Western Ghats, whereas lower in the northern parts of the Western Ghats and Northeast regions. The leaves produce a considerably higher percent of rohitukine and could be used as a sustainable source of rohitukine. The rohitukine analogues, along with other chromone alkaloids of D. binecatariferum were found to be more interactive with the "kinases" family of proteins, majorly "Serine/threonine-protein kinase PFTAIRE-2" (CDK15) with high confidence level (0.94-0.98). The molecular docking of these chromone alkaloids found a strong binding energy with six CDKs (-3.1 to -10.6 kcal/mol) along with a promising ADMET profile. In addition, molecular dynamic simulation found that the rohitukine complexes are virtually constant with CDK-1, 2, 9 and 15, which is substantiated with MM-PBSA free energy calculations. The chromone alkaloids, majorly rohitukine and its analogues were closely clustered with flavopiridol, P-276-00 and IIIM-290 along with other chrotacumines in the chemical phylogeny. In conclusion, D. binectariferum is a rich source of chromone alkaloids, which could lead to the discovery of more potential scaffolding for CDK inhibitors as anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Varun
- Center for Ayurveda Biology and Holistic Nutrition, The University of Trans-Disciplinary Health Sciences and Technology (TDU), Bengaluru, 560064, India
| | - K Bhakti
- Center for Ayurveda Biology and Holistic Nutrition, The University of Trans-Disciplinary Health Sciences and Technology (TDU), Bengaluru, 560064, India
| | - K Aishwarya
- Center for Ayurveda Biology and Holistic Nutrition, The University of Trans-Disciplinary Health Sciences and Technology (TDU), Bengaluru, 560064, India
| | - R Hosur Suraj
- College of Forestry, Sirsi, 581401, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, India
| | - M R Jagadish
- College of Forestry, Sirsi, 581401, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, India
| | - P Mohana Kumara
- Center for Ayurveda Biology and Holistic Nutrition, The University of Trans-Disciplinary Health Sciences and Technology (TDU), Bengaluru, 560064, India.,Department of Biotechnology and Crop improvement, Kittur Rani Channamma College of Horticulture (KRCCH), Arabhavi, 591218, University of Horticultural Sciences, Bagalkot, India
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Naini AA, Mayanti T, Maharani R, Fajriah S, Kabayama K, Shimoyama A, Manabe Y, Fukase K, Jungsuttiwong S, Supratman U. Dysoticans F–H: three unprecedented dimeric cadinanes from Dysoxylum parasiticum (Osbeck) Kosterm. stem bark †. RSC Adv 2023; 13:9370-9376. [PMID: 36968060 PMCID: PMC10031434 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra01085f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023] Open
Abstract
An asymmetrical true-dimeric cadinane via ketonic bridge [C-15/C-3′], dysotican F (1), two symmetrical pseudo-cadinane dimers through an O-ether linkage [C-3/C-3′], dysoticans G (2) and H (3), as well as three known sesquiterpenoids 4–6 were obtained from the stem bark of Dysoxylum parasiticum (Osbeck) Kosterm. (Meliaceae). Their structures were determined by spectroscopic and quantum chemical calculations of 13C NMR shifts using a GIAO method and electronic circular dichroism (ECD) using a TDDFT method. A possible biogenetic pathway for 1–3 beginning from the known compounds (i–ii) was proposed. Cytotoxic evaluation showed that 2 as a new lead compound is the most potent against the MCF-7 and HeLa cell lines with IC50 values of 12.07 ± 0.17 μM and 9.29 ± 0.33 μM, while 1 has moderate inhibition with IC50 values of 31.59 ± 0.34 μM and 27.93 ± 0.25 μM. Furthermore, 3 is a selective inhibitor against the HeLa cell growth with an IC50 value of 39.72 ± 0.18 μM. A brief structure–activity relationship analysis of all isolated compounds 1–6 was also provided, including comparison with the coexisting molecules in the previous report. Dysoxylum parasiticum's stem bark produces an asymmetrical and two symmetrical dimers (1–3), dysoticans F–H, with a novel cadinene dimer skeleton.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Al Arofatus Naini
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas PadjadjaranJatinangor 45363, SumedangWest JavaIndonesia
- Central Laboratory, Universitas PadjadjaranJatinangor 45363, SumedangWest JavaIndonesia
| | - Tri Mayanti
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas PadjadjaranJatinangor 45363, SumedangWest JavaIndonesia
- Study Centre of Natural Product Chemistry and Synthesis, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas PadjadjaranJatinangor 45363, SumedangWest JavaIndonesia
| | - Rani Maharani
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas PadjadjaranJatinangor 45363, SumedangWest JavaIndonesia
- Study Centre of Natural Product Chemistry and Synthesis, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas PadjadjaranJatinangor 45363, SumedangWest JavaIndonesia
| | - Sofa Fajriah
- Research Center for Chemistry, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN)Kawasan PUSPIPTEK SerpongTangerang Selatan15314Indonesia
| | - Kazuya Kabayama
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University1-1 Machikaneyama-choToyonakaOsaka560-0043Japan
| | - Atsushi Shimoyama
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University1-1 Machikaneyama-choToyonakaOsaka560-0043Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Manabe
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University1-1 Machikaneyama-choToyonakaOsaka560-0043Japan
| | - Koichi Fukase
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University1-1 Machikaneyama-choToyonakaOsaka560-0043Japan
| | - Sirriporn Jungsuttiwong
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ubon Ratchathani UniversityUbon Ratchathani34190Thailand
| | - Unang Supratman
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas PadjadjaranJatinangor 45363, SumedangWest JavaIndonesia
- Central Laboratory, Universitas PadjadjaranJatinangor 45363, SumedangWest JavaIndonesia
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Naini AA, Mayanti T, Harneti D, Maharani R, Farabi K, Herlina T, Supratman U, Fajriah S, Kuncoro H, Azmi MN, Shiono Y, Jungsuttiwong S, Chakthong S. Sesquiterpenoids and sesquiterpenoid dimers from the stem bark of Dysoxylum parasiticum (osbeck) kosterm. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2023; 205:113477. [PMID: 36283447 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2022.113477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Two undescribed sesquiterpenoids, namely dysoticans A and B, and three undescribed sesquiterpenoid dimers, namely dysoticans C-E, together with six analogs, were isolated from the stem bark of Dysoxylum parasiticum (Osbeck) Kosterm. (Meliaceae), growing in West Java, Indonesia. Their structures were elucidated based on extensive spectroscopic analysis and theoretical simulations of ECD spectra and 13C NMR shifts. Dysoticans A and B possessed undescribed cadinanes with minor modifications, while C and D featured unprecedented pseudo-sesquiterpenoid dimers through O-ether linkages of cadinanes and guaianes, respectively. Dysotican E was also characterized as the true-sesquiterpenoid dimer featuring eudesmane-germacrene hybrid framework from the Meliaceae family. Furthermore, A-C and E showed moderate activities against the human breast cancer MCF-7 and cervical cancer HeLa cell lines with IC50 values ranging from 22.15 to 45.14 μM. D selectively exhibited significant cytotoxicity against the HeLa cell line with an IC50 value of 13.00 ± 0.13 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Al Arofatus Naini
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas, Padjadjaran, Jatinangor, 45363, Sumedang, West Java, Indonesia; Central Laboratory, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor, 45363, Sumedang, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Tri Mayanti
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas, Padjadjaran, Jatinangor, 45363, Sumedang, West Java, Indonesia; Study Centre of Natural Product Chemistry and Synthesis, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural, Sciences, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor, 45363, Sumedang, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Desi Harneti
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas, Padjadjaran, Jatinangor, 45363, Sumedang, West Java, Indonesia; Study Centre of Natural Product Chemistry and Synthesis, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural, Sciences, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor, 45363, Sumedang, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Rani Maharani
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas, Padjadjaran, Jatinangor, 45363, Sumedang, West Java, Indonesia; Study Centre of Natural Product Chemistry and Synthesis, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural, Sciences, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor, 45363, Sumedang, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Kindi Farabi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas, Padjadjaran, Jatinangor, 45363, Sumedang, West Java, Indonesia; Study Centre of Natural Product Chemistry and Synthesis, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural, Sciences, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor, 45363, Sumedang, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Tati Herlina
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas, Padjadjaran, Jatinangor, 45363, Sumedang, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Unang Supratman
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas, Padjadjaran, Jatinangor, 45363, Sumedang, West Java, Indonesia; Central Laboratory, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor, 45363, Sumedang, West Java, Indonesia.
| | - Sofa Fajriah
- Research Center for Chemistry, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Kawasan PUSPIPTEK Serpong Tangerang, Selatan, 15314, Indonesia
| | - Hadi Kuncoro
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Mulawarman, Samarinda, 75123, East Kalimantan, Indonesia
| | - Mohamad Nurul Azmi
- School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Minden, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Yoshihito Shiono
- Department of Food, Life, and Environmental Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Yamagata University, Tsuruoka, Yamagata, 997-8555, Japan
| | - Siriporn Jungsuttiwong
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ubon Ratchathani University, Ubon Ratchathani, 34190, Thailand
| | - Suda Chakthong
- Division of Physical Science, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand
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Triterpenoids from Dysoxylum genus and their biological activities. Arch Pharm Res 2022; 45:63-89. [PMID: 35099681 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-022-01371-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
This study aims to analyze the ethnobotanical, chemical, and biological activities of triterpenoid compounds isolated from the Dysoxylum genus of the Meliaceae family between 1974 and 2021. The species are mainly distributed in Africa, Asia, and Australia, and used as a traditional medicine to treat various diseases. Triterpenoid was first isolated in 1976 and as tetranortriterpenoid or limonoid, it was named dysobinin. Several studies were conducted for more than 40 years on the plants' stems, bark, and leaves, where approximately 279 triterpenoid compounds from several groups such as dammarane, nortriterpenoid, oleanane, lupane, tirucallane, cyclolanostane, or cycloartane, glabretal, and cycloapoeuphane-types were isolated with some synthetic products. In addition, the hypothetical route of triterpenes biosynthesis from this genus was identified, and tirucallane-type were reported to be 37.6% of the total compounds. The anti-malarial, anti-feedant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, vasodilative effect, anti-viral, cortisone reductase, and cytotoxic activities of the extract were also evaluated. The results showed the necessity of using the triterpenoid compounds from the Dysoxylum genus in traditional medicine and the discovery of new drugs.
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