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Cogoi L, Marrassini C, Martin EMS, Alonso MR, Filip R, Anesini C. Inhibition of Glycation End Products Formation and Antioxidant Activities of Ilex paraguariensis: comparative study of fruit and leaves extracts. J Pharmacopuncture 2023; 26:338-347. [PMID: 38162469 PMCID: PMC10739477 DOI: 10.3831/kpi.2023.26.4.338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives Ilex paraguariensis (Aquifoleaceae) is cultivated to produce "yerba mate". Due to its nutritional, energizing, hypoglycemic and antioxidant effects, it is used in the elaboration of food, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetics. The oxidative stress related to protein glycation and production of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) leads to the development of several diseases. The objective of this work was to compare the antioxidant and anti-AGEs activity of a decoction of fruits (F) and leaves (L). Methods The antioxidant activity was assayed by the DPPH assay and the inhibition of egg yolk lipid peroxidation (ILP), and anti-AGEs activity, through the inhibition of the formation of fructosamine (IF), β-amyloid (Iβ), protein carbonylation (IC) and AGEs (IA). Polyphenols were quantified by HPLC. Results Maximum response ± SEM For F 0.01 µg/mL IF = 42 ± 4%, IC = 17 ± 2% and for 10 µg/mL IA = 38 ± 4%, Iβ = 67 ± 7%. For L 0.1 µg/mL IF = 35 ± 2%, IC = 19 ± 2% and for 100 µg/mL IA = 26 ± 3%, Iβ = 63.04 ± 2%. The DPPH IC50 = 134.8 ± 14 µg/mL for F and 34.67 ± 3 µg/mL for L. The ILP IC50 = 512.86 ± 50 µg/mL for F and 154.8 ± 15 µg/mL for L. By HPLC L presented the highest amounts of flavonoids and caffeoylquinic acids. F and L showed strong anti-AGEs activity, affecting the early stages of glycation at low concentrations and the late stages of glycation at high concentrations. The highest activity for both F and L was seen in the IF and Iβ. F presented the highest anti-AGEs potency. L presented the highest antioxidant potency, which was related to the highest content of polyphenols. Conclusion The fruits of I. paraguariensis could be a source of antioxidant and anti-AGEs compounds to be used with medicinal purposes or as functional food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Cogoi
- Pharmacognosy Unit, Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Institute of Chemistry and Drug Metabolism (IQUIMEFA), CONICET-University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carla Marrassini
- Pharmacognosy Unit, Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Institute of Chemistry and Drug Metabolism (IQUIMEFA), CONICET-University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Elina Malen Saint Martin
- Pharmacognosy Unit, Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Institute of Chemistry and Drug Metabolism (IQUIMEFA), CONICET-University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Rosario Alonso
- Institute of Chemistry and Drug Metabolism (IQUIMEFA), CONICET-University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Rosana Filip
- Pharmacognosy Unit, Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Claudia Anesini
- Pharmacognosy Unit, Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Institute of Chemistry and Drug Metabolism (IQUIMEFA), CONICET-University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Santos D, Vargas BK, Frota EG, Biduski B, Lopes ST, Gutkoski JP, Dos Santos LF, Ritterbusch GA, Barcelos RP, Somacal S, Emanuelli T, Bertolin TE. Gut Microbiota Modulation by Bioactive Compounds from Ilex paraguariensis: an In Vivo Study. PLANT FOODS FOR HUMAN NUTRITION (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2023; 78:796-802. [PMID: 37919536 DOI: 10.1007/s11130-023-01117-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Yerba-mate (Ilex paraguariensis) is recognized for its biocompounds and bioactive properties. This study aimed to assess the potential of yerba-mate extract to modulate the intestinal microbiota in rats. After the ethical committee approval (CEUA - UPF, number 025/2018), the Wistar rats were given a daily dose of 3.29 mg of phenolic compounds per animal for 45 days. The antioxidant activity of the extract was assessed by ABTS and FRAP assays and the total phenolic compounds was measured at different pH levels. Identification and quantification of chlorogenic acid isomers were carried out using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Intestinal microbiota modulation was evaluated by administering the yerba-mate extract or water (control) to Wistar rats via intragastric gavage and its efficiency was measured through PCR. The antioxidant capacity of the yerba-mate extract was 64.53 ± 0.26 μmol Trolox/mL (ABTS) and 52.96 ± 0.86 μmol Trolox/mL (FRAP). The total phenolic compounds showed higher levels at pH 7.5 compared to pH 2.0. Chlorogenic acid isomers were found in greater abundance, with a concentration of 14.22 g/100 g. The administration of the extract resulted in positive modulation of the intestinal microbiota, specifically for the genera Lactobacillus sp. and Prevotella sp. The increase of these genera is related to the promotion of homeostasis of the gut microbiota. Therefore, these findings indicate that yerba-mate extract possesses significant antioxidant activity and can effectively modulate the intestinal microbiota in rats. These results support the potential use of yerba-mate as an alternative for controlling and preventing diseases associated with intestinal dysbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiane Santos
- Graduate Program in Food Science and Technology, University of Passo Fundo (UPF), Passo Fundo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Bruna Krieger Vargas
- Graduate Program in Food Science and Technology, University of Passo Fundo (UPF), Passo Fundo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Elionio Galvão Frota
- Graduate Program in Food Science and Technology, University of Passo Fundo (UPF), Passo Fundo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Bárbara Biduski
- Graduate Program in Food Science and Technology, University of Passo Fundo (UPF), Passo Fundo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
- Food Quality and Sensory Science Department, Teagasc Food Research Centre Ashtown, Dublin, D15 KN3K, Ireland.
| | - Samuel Teixeira Lopes
- Graduate Program in Chemical Engineering, University of Passo Fundo (UPF), Passo Fundo, Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Júlia Pedó Gutkoski
- Graduate Program in Chemical Engineering, University of Passo Fundo (UPF), Passo Fundo, Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Lára Franco Dos Santos
- Graduate Program in Food Science and Technology, University of Passo Fundo (UPF), Passo Fundo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Giseli Aparecida Ritterbusch
- Faculty of Agronomy and Veterinary Medicine (FAMV), University of Passo Fundo (UPF), Passo Fundo, Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Rômulo Pillon Barcelos
- Graduate Program in Bioexperimentation, University of Passo Fundo (UPF), Passo Fundo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Sabrina Somacal
- Department of Food Technology and Science, Center of Rural Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Tatiana Emanuelli
- Department of Food Technology and Science, Center of Rural Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Telma Elita Bertolin
- Graduate Program in Food Science and Technology, University of Passo Fundo (UPF), Passo Fundo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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Handy K, Tepper GC. Incorporation of Poly(TFEMA) in Perovskite Thin Films Using a Supercritical Fluid. Molecules 2023; 28:5385. [PMID: 37513255 PMCID: PMC10383288 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28145385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
A new process is reported for the incorporation of a fluoropolymer into a solid perovskite film. Poly(trifluoroethyl methacrylate) [CH2C(CH3)(CO2CH2CF3)]n was delivered to methylammonium lead iodide (CH3NH3PbI3) perovskite films by crystallizing the film in supercritical carbon dioxide/ethanol containing the dissolved fluoropolymer. The surface was characterized before and after fluoropolymer exposure using scanning electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and contact angle measurements. The results indicate that the fluoropolymer was incorporated into the perovskite film during the supercritical fluid crystallization process. The incorporation of a hydrophobic fluoropolymer into perovskite has the potential to improve resistance to environmental degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasey Handy
- Department of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA
| | - Gary C Tepper
- Department of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA
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Santos D, Frota EG, Vargas BK, Tonieto Gris CC, Santos LFD, Bertolin TE. What is the role of phenolic compounds of yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis) in gut microbiota? PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2022; 203:113341. [PMID: 35952769 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2022.113341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Diet actively influences gut microbiota and body homeostasis. The predominance of beneficial species results in symbiosis, while dysbiosis is characterized by an imbalance between microbial communities. Food plays a key role in this dynamic and in promoting the health of individuals. Ilex paraguariensis, also known as yerba mate, is a traditional plant from Latin America that has a complex matrix of bioactive substances, including methylxanthines, triterpenes, saponins, and phenolics. The consumption of yerba mate is associated with antioxidant, cardioprotective, anti-inflammatory, and anti-obesity effects. However, to the best of our knowledge, there have been no studies on yerba mate as a modulating agent of intestinal microbiota. Phenolics are the major compounds in yerba mate and have been reported to act in modulating the microbiome. In this review, we explore the activity of yerba mate as a possible stimulant of gut microbiota and present its main phenolics and their biological effects. We also propose different mechanisms of action of these phenolics and possible doses for their effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiane Santos
- Graduate Program in Food Science and Technology, University of Passo Fundo (UPF), Campus I, km 171, BR 285, CEP: 99001-970, Passo Fundo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
| | - Elionio Galvão Frota
- Graduate Program in Food Science and Technology, University of Passo Fundo (UPF), Campus I, km 171, BR 285, CEP: 99001-970, Passo Fundo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
| | - Bruna Krieger Vargas
- Graduate Program in Food Science and Technology, University of Passo Fundo (UPF), Campus I, km 171, BR 285, CEP: 99001-970, Passo Fundo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
| | - Cintia Cassia Tonieto Gris
- Graduate Program in Food Science and Technology, University of Passo Fundo (UPF), Campus I, km 171, BR 285, CEP: 99001-970, Passo Fundo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
| | - Lára Franco Dos Santos
- Graduate Program in Food Science and Technology, University of Passo Fundo (UPF), Campus I, km 171, BR 285, CEP: 99001-970, Passo Fundo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
| | - Telma Elita Bertolin
- Graduate Program in Food Science and Technology, University of Passo Fundo (UPF), Campus I, km 171, BR 285, CEP: 99001-970, Passo Fundo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
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Rebocho S, Mano F, Cassel E, Anacleto B, Bronze MDR, Paiva A, Duarte ARC. Fractionated extraction of polyphenols from mate tea leaves using a combination of hydrophobic/ hydrophilic NADES. Curr Res Food Sci 2022; 5:571-580. [PMID: 35330867 PMCID: PMC8938280 DOI: 10.1016/j.crfs.2022.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
A new methodology for the selective extraction of antioxidants from mate tea leaves (and decaffeinated mate tea leaves), using different natural deep eutectic systems (NADES), is reported in this paper. A fractionated extraction was carried out and the optimization of the extraction conditions such as solid/liquid ratio, temperature, time, stirring and the use of ultrasound assisted extraction (UAE) technology was performed. The results demonstrate that a sequential extraction using, in a first step, an hydrophobic system Men:Lau (2:1) and, in a second step, an hydrophilic lactic acid-based NADES, leads to two distinct extracts: the first one rich in pigments and the second one rich in polyphenols. NADES systems were able to extract 30% more of the polyphenolic components of the mate tea leaves matrices, when compared with traditional solvents/techniques. Moreover, it has been shown that the incorporation of the extract in the NADES, compared to the same extract in aqueous medium was beneficial for the stabilization of the antioxidants. It maintains their functionality at least for three months, reaching 41% more versus the extracts obtained by traditional solvents/techniques. The absence of caffeine in the extracts did not shown to have any effects on the stability results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sílvia Rebocho
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Francisca Mano
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Eduardo Cassel
- Laboratório de Operações Unitárias, Escola Politécnica, PUCRS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Beatriz Anacleto
- Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2781 - 901, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Maria do Rosário Bronze
- Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2781 - 901, Oeiras, Portugal
- Faculty of Pharmacy (FFULisboa) and Research Institute for Medicines and Pharmaceutical Sciences (iMed.ULisboa), University of Lisbon, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Alexandre Paiva
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Ana Rita C. Duarte
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal
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da Silva GF, de Souza Júnior ET, Almeida RN, Fianco ALB, do Espirito Santo AT, Lucas AM, Vargas RMF, Cassel E. The Response Surface Optimization of Supercritical CO 2 Modified with Ethanol Extraction of p-Anisic Acid from Acacia mearnsii Flowers and Mathematical Modeling of the Mass Transfer. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27030970. [PMID: 35164235 PMCID: PMC8840752 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27030970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
A widely disseminated native species from Australia, Acacia mearnsii, which is mainly cultivated in Brazil and South Africa, represents a rich source of natural tannins used in the tanning process. Many flowers of the Acacia species are used as sources of compounds of interest for the cosmetic industry, such as phenolic compounds. In this study, supercritical fluid extraction was used to obtain non-volatile compounds from A. mearnsii flowers for the first time. The extract showed antimicrobial activity and the presence of p-anisic acid, a substance with industrial and pharmaceutical applications. The fractionation of the extract was performed using a chromatographic column and the fraction containing p-anisic acid presented better minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) results than the crude extract. Thus, the extraction process was optimized to maximize the p-anisic acid extraction. The response surface methodology and the Box–Behnken design was used to evaluate the pressure, temperature, the cosolvent, and the influence of the particle size on the extraction process. After the optimization process, the p-anisic acid yield was 2.51% w/w and the extraction curve was plotted as a function of time. The simulation of the extraction process was performed using the three models available in the literature.
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Alginate/chitosan bi-layer hydrogel as a novel tea bag with in-cup decaffeination. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2021.105128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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