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Cruz MS, Tintelnot J, Gagliani N. Roles of microbiota in pancreatic cancer development and treatment. Gut Microbes 2024; 16:2320280. [PMID: 38411395 PMCID: PMC10900280 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2024.2320280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is an aggressive disease with poor prognosis. This is due to the fact that most cases are only diagnosed at an advanced and palliative disease stage, and there is a high incidence of therapy resistance. Despite ongoing efforts, to date, the mechanisms underlying PDAC oncogenesis and its poor responses to treatment are still largely unclear. As the study of the microbiome in cancer progresses, growing evidence suggests that bacteria or fungi might be key players both in PDAC oncogenesis as well as in its resistance to chemo- and immunotherapy, for instance through modulation of the tumor microenvironment and reshaping of the host immune response. Here, we review how the microbiota exerts these effects directly or indirectly via microbial-derived metabolites. Finally, we further discuss the potential of modulating the microbiota composition as a therapy in PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Santos Cruz
- II. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Hamburg Center for Translational Immunology (HCTI), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Joseph Tintelnot
- II. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Hamburg Center for Translational Immunology (HCTI), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Nicola Gagliani
- Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Hamburg Center for Translational Immunology (HCTI), Hamburg, Germany
- I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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Merali N, Chouari T, Terroire J, Jessel MD, Liu DSK, Smith JH, Wooldridge T, Dhillon T, Jiménez JI, Krell J, Roberts KJ, Rockall TA, Velliou E, Sivakumar S, Giovannetti E, Demirkan A, Annels NE, Frampton AE. Bile Microbiome Signatures Associated with Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Compared to Benign Disease: A UK Pilot Study. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16888. [PMID: 38069211 PMCID: PMC10706407 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242316888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) has a very poor survival. The intra-tumoural microbiome can influence pancreatic tumourigenesis and chemoresistance and, therefore, patient survival. The role played by bile microbiota in PDAC is unknown. We aimed to define bile microbiome signatures that can effectively distinguish malignant from benign tumours in patients presenting with obstructive jaundice caused by benign and malignant pancreaticobiliary disease. Prospective bile samples were obtained from 31 patients who underwent either Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) or Percutaneous Transhepatic Cholangiogram (PTC). Variable regions (V3-V4) of the 16S rRNA genes of microorganisms present in the samples were amplified by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and sequenced. The cohort consisted of 12 PDAC, 10 choledocholithiasis, seven gallstone pancreatitis and two primary sclerosing cholangitis patients. Using the 16S rRNA method, we identified a total of 135 genera from 29 individuals (12 PDAC and 17 benign). The bile microbial beta diversity significantly differed between patients with PDAC vs. benign disease (Permanova p = 0.0173). The separation of PDAC from benign samples is clearly seen through unsupervised clustering of Aitchison distance. We found three genera to be of significantly lower abundance among PDAC samples vs. benign, adjusting for false discovery rate (FDR). These were Escherichia (FDR = 0.002) and two unclassified genera, one from Proteobacteria (FDR = 0.002) and one from Enterobacteriaceae (FDR = 0.011). In the same samples, the genus Streptococcus (FDR = 0.033) was found to be of increased abundance in the PDAC group. We show that patients with obstructive jaundice caused by PDAC have an altered microbiome composition in the bile compared to those with benign disease. These bile-based microbes could be developed into potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for PDAC and warrant further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabeel Merali
- Minimal Access Therapy Training Unit (MATTU), Royal Surrey County Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Egerton Road, Guildford GU2 7XX, UK
- Department of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary (HPB) Surgery, Royal Surrey County Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Egerton Road, Guildford GU2 7XX, UK
- Section of Oncology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Science, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7WG, UK
| | - Tarak Chouari
- Department of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary (HPB) Surgery, Royal Surrey County Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Egerton Road, Guildford GU2 7XX, UK
- Section of Oncology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Science, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7WG, UK
| | - Julien Terroire
- Surrey Institute for People-Centred AI, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK
- Section of Statistical Multi-Omics, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Science, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7WG, UK
| | - Maria-Danae Jessel
- Section of Oncology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Science, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7WG, UK
| | - Daniel S. K. Liu
- Division of Cancer, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - James-Halle Smith
- Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery Unit, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TH, UK
| | - Tyler Wooldridge
- Section of Oncology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Science, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7WG, UK
| | - Tony Dhillon
- Section of Oncology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Science, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7WG, UK
| | - José I. Jiménez
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Jonathan Krell
- Division of Cancer, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Keith J. Roberts
- Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery Unit, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TH, UK
| | - Timothy A. Rockall
- Minimal Access Therapy Training Unit (MATTU), Royal Surrey County Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Egerton Road, Guildford GU2 7XX, UK
| | - Eirini Velliou
- Centre for 3D Models of Health and Disease, Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London (UCL), London W1W 7TY, UK
| | - Shivan Sivakumar
- Oncology Department, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Birmingham Medical School, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Elisa Giovannetti
- Department of Medical Oncology, VU University Medical Center, Cancer Center Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Cancer Pharmacology Lab, AIRC Start Up Unit, Fondazione Pisana per la Scienza, San Giuliano Terme PI, 56017 Pisa, Italy
| | - Ayse Demirkan
- Surrey Institute for People-Centred AI, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK
- Section of Statistical Multi-Omics, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Science, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7WG, UK
| | - Nicola E. Annels
- Section of Oncology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Science, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7WG, UK
| | - Adam E. Frampton
- Minimal Access Therapy Training Unit (MATTU), Royal Surrey County Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Egerton Road, Guildford GU2 7XX, UK
- Department of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary (HPB) Surgery, Royal Surrey County Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Egerton Road, Guildford GU2 7XX, UK
- Section of Oncology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Science, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7WG, UK
- Division of Cancer, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London W12 0NN, UK
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Xu Z, Huang Z, Zhang Y, Sun H, Hinz U, Heger U, Loos M, Gonzalez FJ, Hackert T, Bergmann F, Fortunato F. Farnesoid X receptor activation inhibits pancreatic carcinogenesis. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2023; 1869:166811. [PMID: 37515840 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2023.166811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023]
Abstract
Farnesoid X receptor (FXR), a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily that controls bile acid (BA) homeostasis, has also been proposed as a tumor suppressor for breast and liver cancer. However, its role in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) tumorigenesis remains controversial. We recently found that FXR attenuates acinar cell autophagy in chronic pancreatitis resulting in reduced autophagy and promotion of pancreatic carcinogenesis. Feeding Kras-p48-Cre (KC) mice with the BA chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA), an FXR agonist, attenuated pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PanIN) progression, reduced cell proliferation, neoplastic cells and autophagic activity, and increased acinar cells, elevated pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, with a compensatory increase in the anti-inflammatory response. Surprisingly, FXR-deficient KC mice did not show any response to CDCA, suggesting that CDCA attenuates PanIN progression and decelerate tumorigenesis in KC mice through activating pancreatic FXR. FXR is activated in pancreatic cancer cell lines in response to CDCA in vitro. FXR levels were highly increased in adjuvant and neoadjuvant PDAC tissue compared to healthy pancreatic tissue, indicating that FXR is expressed and potentially activated in human PDAC. These results suggest that BA exposure activates inflammation and suppresses autophagy in KC mice, resulting in reduced PanIN lesion progression. These data suggest that activation of pancreatic FXR has a protective role by reducing the growth of pre-cancerous PDAC lesions in response to CDCA and possibly other FXR agonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Xu
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Clinic Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; Section Surgical Research, University Clinic Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Zhenhua Huang
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Clinic Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; Section Surgical Research, University Clinic Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Yifan Zhang
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Clinic Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; Section Surgical Research, University Clinic Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Haitao Sun
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Clinic Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; Section Surgical Research, University Clinic Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ulf Hinz
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Clinic Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ulrike Heger
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Clinic Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martin Loos
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Clinic Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Frank J Gonzalez
- National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, MD, Bethesda, USA
| | - Thilo Hackert
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Clinic Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Frank Bergmann
- Institute of Pathology, University Clinic Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Franco Fortunato
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Clinic Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; Section Surgical Research, University Clinic Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
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Malhotra P, Palanisamy R, Caparros-Martin JA, Falasca M. Bile Acids and Microbiota Interplay in Pancreatic Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3573. [PMID: 37509236 PMCID: PMC10377396 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15143573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Evidence suggests the involvement of the microbiota, including oral, intra-tumoral and gut, in pancreatic cancer progression and response to therapy. The gut microbiota modulates the bile acid pool and is associated with maintaining host physiology. Studies have shown that the bile acid/gut microbiota axis is dysregulated in pancreatic cancer. Bile acid receptor expression and bile acid levels are dysregulated in pancreatic cancer as well. Studies have also shown that bile acids can cause pancreatic cell injury and facilitate cancer cell proliferation. The microbiota and its metabolites, including bile acids, are also altered in other conditions considered risk factors for pancreatic cancer development and can alter responses to chemotherapeutic treatments, thus affecting patient outcomes. Altogether, these findings suggest that the gut microbial and/or bile acid profiles could also serve as biomarkers for pancreatic cancer detection. This review will discuss the current knowledge on the interaction between gut microbiota interaction and bile acid metabolism in pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratibha Malhotra
- Metabolic Signalling Group, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin Medical School, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6102, Australia
| | - Ranjith Palanisamy
- Metabolic Signalling Group, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin Medical School, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6102, Australia
| | | | - Marco Falasca
- Metabolic Signalling Group, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin Medical School, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6102, Australia
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Bastos AR, Pereira-Marques J, Ferreira RM, Figueiredo C. Harnessing the Microbiome to Reduce Pancreatic Cancer Burden. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15092629. [PMID: 37174095 PMCID: PMC10177253 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15092629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer mortality is expected to rise in the next decades. This aggressive malignancy has a dismal prognosis due to late diagnosis and resistance to treatment. Increasing evidence indicates that host-microbiome interactions play an integral role in pancreatic cancer development, suggesting that harnessing the microbiome might offer promising opportunities for diagnostic and therapeutic interventions. Herein, we review the associations between pancreatic cancer and the intratumoral, gut and oral microbiomes. We also explore the mechanisms with which microbes influence cancer development and the response to treatment. We further discuss the potentials and limitations of using the microbiome as a target for therapeutic interventions, in order to improve pancreatic cancer patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Raquel Bastos
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto (i3S), 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Joana Pereira-Marques
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto (i3S), 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto (IPATIMUP), 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Rui Manuel Ferreira
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto (i3S), 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto (IPATIMUP), 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ceu Figueiredo
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto (i3S), 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto (IPATIMUP), 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
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Di Giorgio C, Bellini R, Lupia A, Massa C, Bordoni M, Marchianò S, Rosselli R, Sepe V, Rapacciuolo P, Moraca F, Morretta E, Ricci P, Urbani G, Monti MC, Biagioli M, Distrutti E, Catalanotti B, Zampella A, Fiorucci S. Discovery of BAR502, as potent steroidal antagonist of leukemia inhibitory factor receptor for the treatment of pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1140730. [PMID: 36998446 PMCID: PMC10043345 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1140730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/15/2023] Open
Abstract
IntroductionThe leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), is a cytokine belonging to IL-6 family, whose overexpression correlate with poor prognosis in cancer patients, including pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). LIF signaling is mediate by its binding to the heterodimeric LIF receptor (LIFR) complex formed by the LIFR receptor and Gp130, leading to JAK1/STAT3 activation. Bile acids are steroid that modulates the expression/activity of membrane and nuclear receptors, including the Farnesoid-X-Receptor (FXR) and G Protein Bile Acid Activated Receptor (GPBAR1).MethodsHerein we have investigated whether ligands to FXR and GPBAR1 modulate LIF/LIFR pathway in PDAC cells and whether these receptors are expressed in human neoplastic tissues. ResultsThe transcriptome analysis of a cohort of PDCA patients revealed that expression of LIF and LIFR is increased in the neoplastic tissue in comparison to paired non-neoplastic tissues. By in vitro assay we found that both primary and secondary bile acids exert a weak antagonistic effect on LIF/LIFR signaling. In contrast, BAR502 a non-bile acid steroidal dual FXR and GPBAR1 ligand, potently inhibits binding of LIF to LIFR with an IC50 of 3.8 µM.DiscussionBAR502 reverses the pattern LIF-induced in a FXR and GPBAR1 independent manner, suggesting a potential role for BAR502 in the treatment of LIFR overexpressing-PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rachele Bellini
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Antonio Lupia
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- Net4Science srl, University “Magna Græcia”, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Carmen Massa
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Martina Bordoni
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Silvia Marchianò
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | | | - Valentina Sepe
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Federica Moraca
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- Net4Science srl, University “Magna Græcia”, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Elva Morretta
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Patrizia Ricci
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Ginevra Urbani
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | | | - Michele Biagioli
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Eleonora Distrutti
- Department of Gastroenterology, Azienda Ospedaliera di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Bruno Catalanotti
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Angela Zampella
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Stefano Fiorucci
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
- *Correspondence: Stefano Fiorucci,
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Svatoň R, Procházka V, Hanslianová M, Kala Z. Influence of bacteriobilia on postoperative complications in patients with periampullary tumors. Asian J Surg 2023; 46:1193-1198. [PMID: 36057492 DOI: 10.1016/j.asjsur.2022.08.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Periampullary tumours (PAT) may cause obstruction of distal choledochus. The bile stasis is a risk factor for microbial colonisation of bile (bacteriobilia), cholangitis, hepatic insufficiency and coagulopathy. PAT obstruction can be managed surgically or non-operatively - by inserting a biliary drain or stent (BDS). Although BDS allows for adequate bile drainage, liver function restitution and coagulopathy, increased bacteriobilia has been reported and this is associated with an increased incidence of postoperative complications. METHODS A monocentric, prospective, comparative study including 100 patients operated with PAT. The effects of bacteriobilia and the presence of a drain in the biliary tract on the development of postoperative complications were evaluated. RESULTS Positive microbial findings in bile were found in 67% of patients. It was 98% in the biliary drain group vs. 36% in non-drained patients (p = 0.0001). In 68% 2 or more different bacterial strains were simultaneously present (p = 0.0001). Patients with a positive microbial finding in bile had more frequent incidence of infectious complications 40.2% (27) vs. 9.1% (3); p = 0.0011. The most frequent infectious complication was wound infection 29.8% (20) vs. 3.03% (1); p = 0.0014. Similarly, a higher incidence of postoperative infectious complications occurred in patients with BDS - 36% (18) vs. 24% (12); p = 0.2752. CONCLUSION The presence of a drain or stent in the biliary tract significantly increases the microbial colonisation of bile. It is associated with a significant increase in infectious complications, especially infections in the wound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Svatoň
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Brno Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Vladimír Procházka
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Brno Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Markéta Hanslianová
- Department of Microbiology, University Hospital Brno Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Zdeněk Kala
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Brno Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.
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KAHYA H, KARADUMAN T. Sık Kullanılan Bazı Hücre Hatları için Kalite Kontrol: Mikoplazma Kontaminasyon Tespiti, Sitokrom B ve Sitokrom Oksidaz Alt Birim I Genlerinin DNA Dizi Analizlerinin Gerçekleştirilmesi. İSTANBUL GELIŞIM ÜNIVERSITESI SAĞLIK BILIMLERI DERGISI 2022. [DOI: 10.38079/igusabder.1114239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Amaç: Laboratuvarlarda sık kullanılan serviks epitelyal karsinom (HeLa), insan periferal kan promiyelösitik lösemi (HL-60), fare C3/bağ dokusu (L929), Madin Darby köpek böbrek (MDCK), fare nöroblastom (Neuro-2a) gibi bazı hücre hatlarının mikoplazma kontaminasyon kontrollerinin yapılması, kimlik doğrulamalarının gerçekleştirilmesi ve klonalitelerinin belirlenmesidir.Yöntem: Bu çalışmada üç farklı türe ait beş hücre hattı kullanılmıştır. Çalışılan tüm hatların Bisbenzimid (Hoechst 33258) ile deoksiribonükleik asit (DNA) floresan işaretlemesi yapılarak mikoplazma kontaminasyonu kontrolleri gerçekleştirilmiştir. Hücre hatlarından DNA izolasyonları yapılmış, elde edilen DNA örneklerinden sitokrom B (CYTB) geninin bölgesel amplifikasyonu için L14816 ve H15173 primerleri; sitokrom oksidaz alt birim I (COI) geni için ise LCO 1490 and HCO 2198 primerleri kullanılmıştır. İlgili amplifikasyonların DNA dizi analiz sonuçları, biyoinformatik araçlar kullanılarak referans dizilerle karşılaştırmalı olarak değerlendirilmiştir.Bulgular: Çalışmada ilgili hücrelerin, Bisbenzimid (Hoechst 33258) ile üretici firmanın protokollerine göre belirlenen konsantrasyon ve sürede yapılan boyama sonucunda mikoplazma kontaminasyonuna rastlanılmamıştır. Ayrıca CYTB gen bölgesi için veritabanında yer alan referans dizi ile yapılan karşılaştırma sonucu HL-60 için %97; "HeLa, L929, MDCK, Neuro-2a” hücre hatları için ise %98 oranında benzerlik bulunmuştur. COI gen bölgesi için ise bu benzerlik oranları “HeLa, HL-60, L929, MDCK ve Neuro-2a” hücre hatları için sırasıyla %95, %99, %96, %96 ve %98 olarak bulunmuştur.Sonuç: Bu bağlamda, çalışmadan elde edilen Bisbenzimid (Hoechst 33258) işaretleme ve DNA dizi analiz sonuçları, pek çok araştırmada kullanılan bu hücre hatlarının kalitesi konusunda kabul edilebilir bir belirteç ve güven sağlamıştır.
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Binda C, Gibiino G, Sbrancia M, Coluccio C, Cazzato M, Carloni L, Cucchetti A, Ercolani G, Sambri V, Fabbri C. Microbiota in the Natural History of Pancreatic Cancer: From Predisposition to Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 15:cancers15010001. [PMID: 36611999 PMCID: PMC9817971 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Early microbiome insights came from gut microbes and their role among intestinal and extraintestinal disease. The latest evidence suggests that the microbiota is a true organ, capable of several interactions throughout the digestive system, attracting specific interest in the biliopancreatic district. Despite advances in diagnostics over the last few decades and improvements in the management of this disease, pancreatic cancer is still a common cause of cancer death. Microbiota can influence the development of precancerous disease predisposing to pancreatic cancer (PC). At the same time, neoplastic tissue shows specific characteristics in terms of diversity and phenotype, determining the short- and long-term prognosis. Considering the above information, a role for microbiota has also been hypothesized in the different phases of the PC approach, providing future revolutionary therapeutic insights. Microbiota-modulating therapies could open new issues in the therapeutic landscape. The aim of this narrative review is to assess the most updated evidence on microbiome in all the steps regarding pancreatic adenocarcinoma, from early development to response to antineoplastic therapy and long-term prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Binda
- Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy Unit, Forlì-Cesena Hospitals, Ausl Romagna, 47121 Forlì-Cesena, Italy
| | - Giulia Gibiino
- Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy Unit, Forlì-Cesena Hospitals, Ausl Romagna, 47121 Forlì-Cesena, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-3488609557
| | - Monica Sbrancia
- Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy Unit, Forlì-Cesena Hospitals, Ausl Romagna, 47121 Forlì-Cesena, Italy
| | - Chiara Coluccio
- Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy Unit, Forlì-Cesena Hospitals, Ausl Romagna, 47121 Forlì-Cesena, Italy
| | - Maria Cazzato
- Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy Unit, Forlì-Cesena Hospitals, Ausl Romagna, 47121 Forlì-Cesena, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Carloni
- Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy Unit, Forlì-Cesena Hospitals, Ausl Romagna, 47121 Forlì-Cesena, Italy
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences—DIMEC, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Alessandro Cucchetti
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences—DIMEC, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
- General and Oncologic Surgery, Morgagni—Pierantoni Hospital, AUSL Romagna, 47121 Forlì, Italy
| | - Giorgio Ercolani
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences—DIMEC, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
- General and Oncologic Surgery, Morgagni—Pierantoni Hospital, AUSL Romagna, 47121 Forlì, Italy
| | - Vittorio Sambri
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences—DIMEC, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
- Microbiology Unit, Hub Laboratory, AUSL della Romagna, 47121 Cesena, Italy
| | - Carlo Fabbri
- Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy Unit, Forlì-Cesena Hospitals, Ausl Romagna, 47121 Forlì-Cesena, Italy
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10
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Bartolini I, Nannini G, Risaliti M, Matarazzo F, Moraldi L, Ringressi MN, Taddei A, Amedei A. Impact of microbiota-immunity axis in pancreatic cancer management. World J Gastroenterol 2022; 28:4527-4539. [PMID: 36157926 PMCID: PMC9476869 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v28.i32.4527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The microbiota impact on human diseases is well-known, and a growing body of literature is providing evidence about the complex interplay between microbiota-immune system-human physiology/pathology, including cancers. Together with the defined risk factors (e.g., smoke habits, diet, diabetes, and obesity), the oral, gut, biliary, and intrapancreatic microbiota contribute to pancreatic cancer development through different pathways including the interaction with the immune system. Unfortunately, a great majority of the pancreatic cancer patients received a diagnosis in advanced stages not amenable to be radically treated and potentially cured. Given the poor pancreatic cancer prognosis, complete knowledge of these complicated relationships could help researchers better understand the disease pathogenesis and thus provide early potential non-invasive biomarkers, new therapeutic targets, and tools for risk stratification that might result in greater therapeutic possibilities and eventually in a better and longer patient survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilenia Bartolini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, HPB Surgery Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, Florence 50134, Italy
| | - Giulia Nannini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, SOD of Interdisciplinary Internal Medicine, Azienda Ospedaliera-Universitaria Careggi, Florence 50134, Italy
| | - Matteo Risaliti
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, HPB Surgery Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, Florence 50134, Italy
| | - Francesco Matarazzo
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, HPB Surgery Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, Florence 50134, Italy
| | - Luca Moraldi
- Division of Oncologic Surgery, Department of Oncology, Careggi University Hospital, Firenze 50134, Italy
| | - Maria Novella Ringressi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, HPB Surgery Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, Florence 50134, Italy
| | - Antonio Taddei
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, HPB Surgery Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, Florence 50134, Italy
| | - Amedeo Amedei
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, SOD of Interdisciplinary Internal Medicine, Azienda Ospedaliera-Universitaria Careggi, Florence 50134, Italy
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11
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Yang Q, Zhang J, Zhu Y. Potential Roles of the Gut Microbiota in Pancreatic Carcinogenesis and Therapeutics. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:872019. [PMID: 35463649 PMCID: PMC9019584 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.872019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The intestinal microenvironment is composed of normal gut microbiota and the environment in which it lives. The largest microecosystem in the human body is the gut microbiota, which is closely related to various diseases of the human body. Pancreatic cancer (PC) is a common malignancy of the digestive system worldwide, and it has a 5-year survival rate of only 5%. Early diagnosis of pancreatic cancer is difficult, so most patients have missed their best opportunity for surgery at the time of diagnosis. However, the etiology is not entirely clear, but there are certain associations between PC and diet, lifestyle, obesity, diabetes and chronic pancreatitis. Many studies have shown that the translocation of the gut microbiota, microbiota dysbiosis, imbalance of the oral microbiota, the interference of normal metabolism function and toxic metabolite products are closely associated with the incidence of PC and influence its prognosis. Therefore, understanding the correlation between the gut microbiota and PC could aid the diagnosis and treatment of PC. Here, we review the correlation between the gut microbiota and PC and the research progresses for the gut microbiota in the diagnosis and treatment of PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoyu Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Queen Mary College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jihang Zhang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yin Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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12
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Zhu S, Yang K, Yang S, Zhang L, Xiong M, Zhang J, Chen B. A high bile acid environment promotes apoptosis and inhibits migration in pancreatic cancer. Bioengineered 2022; 13:6719-6728. [PMID: 35245979 PMCID: PMC8973854 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2022.2045823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Bile acids, the main organic solutes in bile, have been established to play an important role at physiological concentrations in gastrointestinal metabolism. However, under pathological conditions, such as cholestatic disease, cholestasis can damage hepatocytes/biliary epithelial cells leading to apoptosis or necrosis. Clinically, pancreatic head cancer usually presents with obstructive jaundice and increased serum bile acid levels, suggesting that pancreatic cancer is intricately correlated with a high bile acid environment in the human body. An increasing body of evidence suggests that bile acids are toxic to normal human and colon cancer cells. Nonetheless, the effect of bile acids on the occurrence and development of pancreatic cancer remains a matter of debate. In the present study, to explore the direct effects of high serum concentrations of bile acids on pancreatic cancer and the possible related mechanisms, human pancreatic cancer (PANC-1) cells were subject to different concentrations of bile acid mixtures to assess cell viability and the migration and invasion ability. Besides, we found that a high bile acid environment could inhibit the proliferation and migration of pancreatic cancer cells through ROS(Reactive oxygen species) induction and the EMT(epithelial-mesenchymal transition) pathway, thereby promoting the apoptosis of pancreatic cancer cells.Abbreviations BAs: Bile Acids; EMT: epithelial-mesenchymal transition; FBS: fatal bovine serum;CCK-8: Cell-Counting-Kit-8; ROS: reactive oxygen species; CA: cholic acid; CDCA: chenodeoxycholic acid; GCDCA: Glycochenodeoxycholic acid; PVDF: Poly vinylidene fluoride.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaopu Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Kang Yang
- Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Shiyi Yang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Maoming Xiong
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Jiawei Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Bo Chen
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
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13
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A Comprehensive Review of the Current and Future Role of the Microbiome in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14041020. [PMID: 35205769 PMCID: PMC8870349 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14041020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary This review summarizes the current literature related to the microbiome and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). The aim of this review is to explore the current role of the microbiome in the disease process, screening/diagnostics and to postulate the future role with regards to therapeutic strategies including chemotherapy, immunotherapy and surgery. We further explore the future of microbiome modulation (faecal microbiome transplants, bacterial consortiums, anti-microbials and probiotics), their applications and how we can improve the future of microbiome modulation in a bid to improve PDAC outcomes. Abstract Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is expected to become the second most common cause of cancer death in the USA by 2030, yet progress continues to lag behind that of other cancers, with only 9% of patients surviving beyond 5 years. Long-term survivorship of PDAC and improving survival has, until recently, escaped our understanding. One recent frontier in the cancer field is the microbiome. The microbiome collectively refers to the extensive community of bacteria and fungi that colonise us. It is estimated that there is one to ten prokaryotic cells for each human somatic cell, yet, the significance of this community in health and disease has, until recently, been overlooked. This review examines the role of the microbiome in PDAC and how it may alter survival outcomes. We evaluate the possibility of employing microbiomic signatures as biomarkers of PDAC. Ultimately this review analyses whether the microbiome may be amenable to targeting and consequently altering the natural history of PDAC.
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14
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Pancreatic Cancer and Gut Microbiome-Related Aspects: A Comprehensive Review and Dietary Recommendations. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13124425. [PMID: 34959977 PMCID: PMC8709322 DOI: 10.3390/nu13124425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiota plays a significant role in the human body providing many beneficial effects on the host. However, its dysbiotic alterations may affect the tumorigenic pathway and then trigger the development of pancreatic cancer. This dysbiosis can also modulate the aggressiveness of the tumor, influencing the microenvironment. Because pancreatic cancer is still one of the most lethal cancers worldwide with surgery as the only method that influences prognosis and has curative potential, there is a need to search for other strategies which will enhance the efficiency of standard therapy and improve patients' quality of life. The administration of prebiotics, probiotics, next-generation probiotics (Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Akkermansia muciniphila), synbiotics, postbiotics, and fecal microbiota transplantation through multiple mechanisms affects the composition of the gut microbiota and may restore its balance. Despite limited data, some studies indicate that the aforementioned methods may allow to achieve better effect of pancreatic cancer treatment and improve therapeutic strategies for pancreatic cancer patients.
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15
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Rebelo R, Polónia B, Santos LL, Vasconcelos MH, Xavier CPR. Drug Repurposing Opportunities in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:280. [PMID: 33804613 PMCID: PMC8003696 DOI: 10.3390/ph14030280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is considered one of the deadliest tumors worldwide. The diagnosis is often possible only in the latter stages of the disease, with patients already presenting an advanced or metastatic tumor. It is also one of the cancers with poorest prognosis, presenting a five-year survival rate of around 5%. Treatment of PDAC is still a major challenge, with cytotoxic chemotherapy remaining the basis of systemic therapy. However, no major advances have been made recently, and therapeutic options are limited and highly toxic. Thus, novel therapeutic options are urgently needed. Drug repurposing is a strategy for the development of novel treatments using approved or investigational drugs outside the scope of the original clinical indication. Since repurposed drugs have already completed several stages of the drug development process, a broad range of data is already available. Thus, when compared with de novo drug development, drug repurposing is time-efficient, inexpensive and has less risk of failure in future clinical trials. Several repurposing candidates have been investigated in the past years for the treatment of PDAC, as single agents or in combination with conventional chemotherapy. This review gives an overview of the main drugs that have been investigated as repurposing candidates, for the potential treatment of PDAC, in preclinical studies and clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Rebelo
- Cancer Drug Resistance Group, IPATIMUP—Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (R.R.); (B.P.)
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Bárbara Polónia
- Cancer Drug Resistance Group, IPATIMUP—Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (R.R.); (B.P.)
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Lúcio Lara Santos
- Experimental Pathology and Therapeutics Group, IPO—Instituto Português de Oncologia, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal;
- ICBAS—Biomedical Sciences Institute Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - M. Helena Vasconcelos
- Cancer Drug Resistance Group, IPATIMUP—Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (R.R.); (B.P.)
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Department of Biological Sciences, FFUP—Faculty of Pharmacy of the University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Cristina P. R. Xavier
- Cancer Drug Resistance Group, IPATIMUP—Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (R.R.); (B.P.)
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Department of Biological Sciences, FFUP—Faculty of Pharmacy of the University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
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