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Hou J, Liao K, Zhang YJ, Li JZ, Wei HL. Phenotypic and Genomic Characterization of Pseudomonas wuhanensis sp. nov., a Novel Species with Promising Features as a Potential Plant Growth-Promoting and Biocontrol Agent. Microorganisms 2024; 12:944. [PMID: 38792773 PMCID: PMC11124405 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12050944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 04/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Plant growth-promoting rhizobacterial strain FP607T was isolated from the rhizosphere of beets in Wuhan, China. Strain FP607T exhibited significant antagonism toward several phytopathogenic bacteria, indicating that FP607T may produce antimicrobial metabolites and has a stronger biocontrol efficacy against plant pathogens. Growth-promoting tests showed that FP607T produced indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), NH3, and ferritin. The genome sequence of strain FP607T was 6,590,972 bp long with 59.0% G + C content. The optimum temperature range was 25-30 °C, and the optimum pH was 7. The cells of strain FP607T were Gram-negative, short, and rod-shaped, with polar flagella. The colonies on the King's B (KB) agar plates were light yellow, smooth, and circular, with regular edges. A phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA sequence and a multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA) showed that strain FP607T was most closely related to the type of strain Pseudomonas farris SWRI79T. Based on a polyphasic taxonomic approach, strain FP607T was identified as a novel species within the genus Pseudomonas, for which the name Pseudomonas wuhanensis sp. nov. was proposed. The type of strain used was FP607T (JCM 35688, CGMCC 27743, and ACCC 62446).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Hou
- School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China; (J.H.); (Y.-J.Z.)
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-Arid Arable Land in Northern China, Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources Collection and Preservation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China;
| | - Kaiji Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-Arid Arable Land in Northern China, Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources Collection and Preservation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China;
| | - Yong-Jie Zhang
- School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China; (J.H.); (Y.-J.Z.)
| | - Jun-Zhou Li
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-Arid Arable Land in Northern China, Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources Collection and Preservation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China;
| | - Hai-Lei Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-Arid Arable Land in Northern China, Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources Collection and Preservation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China;
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Carvalho R, Albu S, Timilsina S, Minsavage GV, Paret ML, Jones JB. Pseudomonas californiensis sp. nov. and Pseudomonas quasicaspiana sp. nov., isolated from ornamental crops in California. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2022; 72. [DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.005565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Five bacterial strains were isolated from symptomatic leaves of Achillea millefolium, Delphinium sp. and Hydrangea sp. in California. Colonies isolated on King’s medium B (KMB) appeared white, mucoid and round, similar to
Pseudomonas
species. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA, rpoB, rpoD and gyrB genes placed the bacteria into three distinct groups within
Pseudomonas
that were most closely related to
Pseudomonas viridiflava
,
Pseudomonas cichorii
or
Pseudomonas caspiana
. To further characterize the strains, phenotypic analyses and the following tests were performed: fatty acid methyl ester composition, LOPAT, fluorescence on KMB, Biolog assay, and transmission electron microscopy. Finally, whole genome sequencing of the strains was conducted, and the sequences were compared with reference genomes of
Pseudomonas
species based on average nucleotide identity (ANI). The first group, which consists of three strains isolated from delphinium, hydrangea and achillea, had 95.6–96.9 % pairwise ANI between each other; the second group consists of two strains isolated from delphinium that had 100 % pairwise ANI. Although comparisons of the two groups with publicly available genomes revealed closest relationships with
P. viridiflava
(91.6 %),
P. caspiana
(88.3 %) and
P. asturiensis
(86.7 %), ANI values were less than 95 % compared to all validly published pseudomonads. Combining genomic and phenotypic data, we conclude that these strains represent two new species and the names proposed are Pseudomonas quasicaspiana sp. nov. (type strain DSMZ 11 30 42T=LMG 32 434T) for the strains isolated from delphinium, achillea and hydrangea and Pseudomonas californiensis sp. nov. (DSMZ 11 30 43T=LMG 32 432T) for the two strains isolated from delphinium. The specific epithets quasicaspiana and californiensis were selected based on the close phylogenetic relationship of strains with
P. caspiana
and on the geographic location of isolation, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renato Carvalho
- North Florida Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Quincy, FL 32251, USA
- Plant Pathology Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Sebastian Albu
- California Department of Food and Agriculture, Plant Pest Diagnostics Laboratory, Sacramento, CA 95832-1448, USA
| | - Sujan Timilsina
- Plant Pathology Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Gerald V. Minsavage
- Plant Pathology Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Mathews L. Paret
- North Florida Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Quincy, FL 32251, USA
- Plant Pathology Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Jeffrey B. Jones
- Plant Pathology Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
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Oueslati M, Mulet M, Zouaoui M, Chandeysson C, Lalucat J, Hajlaoui MR, Berge O, García-Valdés E, Sadfi-Zouaoui N. Diversity of pathogenic Pseudomonas isolated from citrus in Tunisia. AMB Express 2020; 10:198. [PMID: 33130970 PMCID: PMC7604283 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-020-01134-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The damages observed in Tunisian citrus orchards have prompted studies on the Pseudomonas spp. responsible for blast and black pit. Prospective orchards between 2015 and 2017 showed that the diseases rapidly spread geographically and to new cultivars. A screening of Pseudomonas spp. isolated from symptomatic trees revealed their wide diversity according to phylogenetic analysis of their housekeeping rpoD and cts genes. The majority of strains were affiliated to Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae (Phylogroup PG02b), previously described in Tunisia. However, they exhibited various BOX-PCR fingerprints and were not clonal. This work demonstrated, for the first time in Tunisia, the involvement of Pseudomonas cerasi (PG02a) and Pseudomonas congelans (PG02c). The latter did not show significant pathogenicity on citrus, but was pathogenic on cantaloupe and active for ice nucleation that could play a role in the disease. A comparative phylogenetic study of citrus pathogens from Iran, Montenegro and Tunisia revealed that P. syringae (PG02b) strains are closely related but again not clonal. Interestingly P. cerasi (PG02a) was isolated in two countries and seems to outspread. However, its role in the diseases is not fully understood and it should be monitored in future studies. The diversity of pathogenic Pseudomonas spp. and the extension of the diseases highlight that they have become complex and synergistic. It opens questions about which factors favor diseases and how to fight against them efficiently and with sustainable means.
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Tarhriz V, Nouioui I, Spröer C, Verbarg S, Ebrahimi V, Cortés-Albayay C, Schumann P, Hejazi MA, Klenk HP, Hejazi MS. Pseudomonas khazarica sp. nov., a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-degrading bacterium isolated from Khazar Sea sediments. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 2019; 113:521-532. [PMID: 31768782 DOI: 10.1007/s10482-019-01361-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A novel Gram-negative, aerobic, motile and rod-shaped bacterium with the potential to biodegrade polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, was isolated from Khazar (Caspian) Sea. Strain TBZ2T grows in the absence of NaCl and tolerates up to 8.5% NaCl. Growth occurred at pH 3.0-10.0 (optimum, pH 6.0-7.0) and 10-45 °C (optimum, 30 °C). The major fatty acids are C18:1ω7C, C16:1ω7C/ C15:0 iso 2-OH, C16:0, C12:0, C10:0 3-OH, C12:0 3-OH. The major polar lipids include diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine and the predominant respiratory quinone is ubiquinone Q-9. The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain TBZ2T is a member of the genus Pseudomonas with the highest similarity to P. oleovorans subsp. oleovorans DSM 1045T (98.83%), P. mendocina NBRC 14162T (98.63%), P. oleovorans subsp. lubricantis RS1T (98.61%) and P. alcaliphila JCM 10630T (98.49%) based on EzBioCloud server. Phylogenetic analyses using housekeeping genes (16S rRNA, rpoD, gyrB and rpoB) and genome sequences demonstrated that the strain TBZ2T formed a distinct branch closely related to the type strains of P. mendocina and P. guguanensis. Digital DNA-DNA hybridisation and average nucleotide identity values between strain TBZ2T and its closest relatives, P. mendocina NBRC 14162T (25.3%, 81.5%) and P. guguanensis JCM 18146T (26.8%, 79.0%), rate well below the designed threshold for assigning prokaryotic strains to the same species. On the basis of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic, genomic and phylogenetic results, it is recommended that strain TBZ2T is a novel species of the genus Pseudomonas, for which the name Pseudomonas khazarica sp. nov., is proposed. The type strain is TBZ2T (= LMG 29674T = KCTC 52410T).
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Affiliation(s)
- Vahideh Tarhriz
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Biomedicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Imen Nouioui
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Ridley Building 2, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Cathrin Spröer
- Leibniz Institute DSMZ-German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Inhoffenstr. 7B, 38124, Brunswick, Germany
| | - Susanne Verbarg
- Leibniz Institute DSMZ-German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Inhoffenstr. 7B, 38124, Brunswick, Germany
| | - Vida Ebrahimi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Carlos Cortés-Albayay
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Ridley Building 2, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Peter Schumann
- Leibniz Institute DSMZ-German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Inhoffenstr. 7B, 38124, Brunswick, Germany
| | - Mohammad Amin Hejazi
- Branch for the Northwest and West Region, Agriculture Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran (ABRII), Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hans-Peter Klenk
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Ridley Building 2, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK.
| | - Mohammad Saeid Hejazi
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Biomedicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
- School of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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Xiang W, Chen S, Tian D, Huang C, Gao T. Pseudomonas hutmensis sp. nov., a New Fluorescent Member of Pseudomonas putida Group. Curr Microbiol 2019; 76:872-878. [DOI: 10.1007/s00284-019-01701-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Oueslati M, Mulet M, Gomila M, Berge O, Hajlaoui MR, Lalucat J, Sadfi-Zouaoui N, García-Valdés E. New species of pathogenic Pseudomonas isolated from citrus in Tunisia: Proposal of Pseudomonas kairouanensis sp. nov. and Pseudomonas nabeulensis sp. nov. Syst Appl Microbiol 2019; 42:348-359. [PMID: 30910423 DOI: 10.1016/j.syapm.2019.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Revised: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A collection of Pseudomonas strains was isolated in different regions of Tunisia in the period 2016-2017 from the fruits and leaves of Citrus sinensis cv. 'Valencia Late' and Citrus limon cv. 'Eureka' plants with symptoms of blast and black pit disease. A phylogenetic analysis of the housekeeping gene rpoD was used for strain identification at the species level. The results demonstrated the affiliation of these strains with the genus Pseudomonas and revealed the presence of 11 strains representing two putative new species in two monophyletic branches. These strains were analyzed morphologically and genotypically by multilocus sequence analyses of the rpoD, gyrB and 16S rRNA (rrs) gene sequences, and their phenotypic characteristics by API 20NE and Biolog GEN III. Plant pathogenic properties were confirmed on fruits and detached leaves of C. limon cv. 'Eureka'. Fatty acids and WC MALDI-TOF MS major protein profiles were determined. The genomes of both representatives were sequenced. The average nucleotide index and genome-to-genome distance from KC12T and E10BT are below the cut-off established for a described species. These results support the conclusion that the strains KC12T, KC17, KC20, KC22, KC24A, KC25 and KC26 represent a novel species of Pseudomonas, for which the name of Pseudomonas kairouanensis is proposed. The type strain is KC12T (=CECT9766 and CFBP 8662). The strains E10BT, E10AB, E10CB1 and Iy3BA represent another novel species of Pseudomonas for which the name of Pseudomonas nabeulensis is proposed; the type strain is E10BT (=CECT9765 and CFBP 8661).
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Affiliation(s)
- Maroua Oueslati
- Laboratoire de Mycologie, Pathologies et Biomarqueurs, Département de Biologie, Université de Tunis ElManar, 2092 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Magdalena Mulet
- Microbiologia, Departament de Biologia, Edifici Guillem Colom, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Campus UIB, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Margarita Gomila
- Microbiologia, Departament de Biologia, Edifici Guillem Colom, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Campus UIB, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Odile Berge
- INRA, UR 407, Unité de Recherche de Pathologie Végétale, Centre de Recherche Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, Avignon, France
| | - Mohamed Rabeh Hajlaoui
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologie Appliquée à l'Agriculture, INRA Tunisia, Université de Carthage, 2094 Ariana, Tunisia
| | - Jorge Lalucat
- Microbiologia, Departament de Biologia, Edifici Guillem Colom, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Campus UIB, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain; Institut Mediterrani d'Estudis Avançats (IMEDEA, CSIC-UIB), Campus UIB, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Najla Sadfi-Zouaoui
- Laboratoire de Mycologie, Pathologies et Biomarqueurs, Département de Biologie, Université de Tunis ElManar, 2092 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Elena García-Valdés
- Microbiologia, Departament de Biologia, Edifici Guillem Colom, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Campus UIB, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain; Institut Mediterrani d'Estudis Avançats (IMEDEA, CSIC-UIB), Campus UIB, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain.
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Caputo A, Fournier PE, Raoult D. Genome and pan-genome analysis to classify emerging bacteria. Biol Direct 2019; 14:5. [PMID: 30808378 PMCID: PMC6390601 DOI: 10.1186/s13062-019-0234-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In the recent years, genomic and pan-genomic studies have become increasingly important. Culturomics allows to study human microbiota through the use of different culture conditions, coupled with a method of rapid identification by MALDI-TOF, or 16S rRNA. Bacterial taxonomy is undergoing many changes as a consequence. With the help of pan-genomic analyses, species can be redefined, and new species definitions generated. Results Genomics, coupled with culturomics, has led to the discovery of many novel bacterial species or genera, including Akkermansia muciniphila and Microvirga massiliensis. Using the genome to define species has been applied within the genus Klebsiella. A discontinuity or an abrupt break in the core/pan-genome ratio can uncover novel species. Conclusions Applying genomic and pan-genomic analyses to the reclassification of other bacterial species or genera will be important in the future of medical microbiology. The pan-genome is one of many new innovative tools in bacterial taxonomy. Reviewers This article was reviewed by William Martin, Eric Bapteste and James Mcinerney. Open peer review Reviewed by William Martin, Eric Bapteste and James Mcinerney.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélia Caputo
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, APHM, MEPHI, IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | | | - Didier Raoult
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, APHM, MEPHI, IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France.
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Ahnia H, Bourebaba Y, Durán D, Boulila F, Palacios JM, Rey L, Ruiz-Argüeso T, Boulila A, Imperial J. Bradyrhizobium algeriense sp. nov., a novel species isolated from effective nodules of Retama sphaerocarpa from Northeastern Algeria. Syst Appl Microbiol 2018; 41:333-339. [DOI: 10.1016/j.syapm.2018.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2017] [Revised: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Gomila M, Busquets A, Mulet M, García-Valdés E, Lalucat J. Clarification of Taxonomic Status within the Pseudomonas syringae Species Group Based on a Phylogenomic Analysis. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:2422. [PMID: 29270162 PMCID: PMC5725466 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.02422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The Pseudomonas syringae phylogenetic group comprises 15 recognized bacterial species and more than 60 pathovars. The classification and identification of strains is relevant for practical reasons but also for understanding the epidemiology and ecology of this group of plant pathogenic bacteria. Genome-based taxonomic analyses have been introduced recently to clarify the taxonomy of the whole genus. A set of 139 draft and complete genome sequences of strains belonging to all species of the P. syringae group available in public databases were analyzed, together with the genomes of closely related species used as outgroups. Comparative genomics based on the genome sequences of the species type strains in the group allowed the delineation of phylogenomic species and demonstrated that a high proportion of strains included in the study are misclassified. Furthermore, representatives of at least 7 putative novel species were detected. It was also confirmed that P. ficuserectae, P. meliae, and P. savastanoi are later synonyms of P. amygdali and that “P. coronafaciens” should be revived as a nomenspecies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarita Gomila
- Microbiology, Department of Biology, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Antonio Busquets
- Microbiology, Department of Biology, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Magdalena Mulet
- Microbiology, Department of Biology, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Elena García-Valdés
- Microbiology, Department of Biology, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Palma de Mallorca, Spain.,Institut Mediterrani d'Estudis Avançats (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad de las Islas Baleares), Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Jorge Lalucat
- Microbiology, Department of Biology, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Palma de Mallorca, Spain.,Institut Mediterrani d'Estudis Avançats (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad de las Islas Baleares), Palma de Mallorca, Spain
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The current status on the taxonomy of Pseudomonas revisited: An update. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2017; 57:106-116. [PMID: 29104095 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2017.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2017] [Revised: 10/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The genus Pseudomonas described in 1894 is one of the most diverse and ubiquitous bacterial genera which encompass species isolated worldwide. In the last years more than 70 new species have been described, which were isolated from different environments, including soil, water, sediments, air, animals, plants, fungi, algae, compost, human and animal related sources. Some of these species have been isolated in extreme environments, such as Antarctica or Atacama desert, and from contaminated water or soil. Also, some species recently described are plant or animal pathogens. In this review, we revised the current status of the taxonomy of genus Pseudomonas and the methodologies currently used for the description of novel species which includes, in addition to the classic ones, new methodologies such as MALDI-TOF MS, MLSA and genome analyses. The novel Pseudomonas species described in the last years are listed, together with the available genome sequences of the type strains of Pseudomonas species present in different databases.
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Oren A, Garrity GM. List of new names and new combinations previously effectively, but not validly, published. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2017; 67:4291-4293. [PMID: 29130433 DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.002415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Aharon Oren
- The Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, The Edmond J. Safra Campus, 91904 Jerusalem, Israel
| | - George M Garrity
- Department of Microbiology & Molecular Genetics, Biomedical Physical Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824-4320, USA
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