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Martins-Lima C, Chianese U, Benedetti R, Altucci L, Jerónimo C, Correia MP. Tumor microenvironment and epithelial-mesenchymal transition in bladder cancer: Cytokines in the game? Front Mol Biosci 2023; 9:1070383. [PMID: 36699696 PMCID: PMC9868260 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.1070383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Bladder cancer (BlCa) is a highly immunogenic cancer. Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) is the standard treatment for non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) patients and, recently, second-line immunotherapies have arisen to treat metastatic BlCa patients. Understanding the interactions between tumor cells, immune cells and soluble factors in bladder tumor microenvironment (TME) is crucial. Cytokines and chemokines released in the TME have a dual role, since they can exhibit both a pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory potential, driving infiltration and inflammation, and also promoting evasion of immune system and pro-tumoral effects. In BlCa disease, 70-80% are non-muscle invasive bladder cancer, while 20-30% are muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) at the time of diagnosis. However, during the follow up, about half of treated NMIBC patients recur once or more, with 5-25% progressing to muscle-invasive bladder cancer, which represents a significant concern to the clinic. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is one biological process associated with tumor progression. Specific cytokines present in bladder TME have been related with signaling pathways activation and EMT-related molecules regulation. In this review, we summarized the immune landscape in BlCa TME, along with the most relevant cytokines and their putative role in driving EMT processes, tumor progression, invasion, migration and metastasis formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cláudia Martins-Lima
- Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP)/RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto) and Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (Porto.CCC) Raquel Seruca, Porto, Portugal,Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - Ugo Chianese
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - Rosaria Benedetti
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - Lucia Altucci
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy,BIOGEM, Molecular Biology and Genetics Research Institute, Avellino, Italy,IEOS, Institute of Endocrinology and Oncology, Naples, Italy
| | - Carmen Jerónimo
- Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP)/RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto) and Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (Porto.CCC) Raquel Seruca, Porto, Portugal,Department of Pathology and Molecular Immunology at School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto (ICBAS-UP), Porto, Portugal,*Correspondence: Carmen Jerónimo, , ; Margareta P. Correia,
| | - Margareta P. Correia
- Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP)/RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto) and Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (Porto.CCC) Raquel Seruca, Porto, Portugal,Department of Pathology and Molecular Immunology at School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto (ICBAS-UP), Porto, Portugal,*Correspondence: Carmen Jerónimo, , ; Margareta P. Correia,
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2
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Buranarom A, Navasumrit P, Ngaotepprutaram T, Ruchirawat M. Dichloromethane increases mutagenic DNA damage and transformation ability in cholangiocytes and enhances metastatic potential in cholangiocarcinoma cell lines. Chem Biol Interact 2021; 346:109580. [PMID: 34280354 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2021.109580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Dichloromethane (DCM), a widely used chlorinated solvent, is classified by IARC (2017) as probably carcinogenic to humans. Exposure to DCM has been associated with increased incidence of cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) in humans. This study aimed to investigate how DCM could contribute to CCA development by investigating the effects of DCM on DNA damage and cell transformation in cholangiocytes (MMNK-1) and on metastatic potential as measured by invasion and cell migration in malignant CCA cell lines (HuCCA-1 and RMCCA-1). MMNK-1 cells treated with the non-cytotoxic concentration of DCM (25 μM, 24 h) significantly increased the levels of mutagenic DNA adducts including 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine, 8-OHdG, (1.84-fold, p < 0.01) and 8-nitroguanine (1.96-fold, p < 0.01) and enhanced cell transformation by 1.47-fold (p < 0.01). In addition, the expression of various genes involved in carcinogenesis, namely, NFE2L2 (antioxidative response), CXCL8 (inflammation), CDH1 (cell adhesion), MMP9 (tissue remodeling) and MKI67 (cell proliferation) were altered in cholangiocytes treated with DCM. When MMNK-1 cells were transformed by DCM, the expression of all the aforementioned genes was also increased. In malignant cell lines (HuCCA-1 and RMCCA-1), DCM treatment resulted in increased CXCL8 and MMP9 transcription and decreased CDH1 transcription accompanied by increased invasion and migration capabilities of these cells. Taken together, this study demonstrated that DCM exposure could be linked to the development of CCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angkhameen Buranarom
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Laksi, Bangkok, Thailand; Post-graduate Program in Environmental Toxicology, Chulabhorn Graduate Institute, Laksi, Bangkok, Thailand; Center of Excellence on Environmental Health and Toxicology (EHT), Thailand
| | - Panida Navasumrit
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Laksi, Bangkok, Thailand; Post-graduate Program in Environmental Toxicology, Chulabhorn Graduate Institute, Laksi, Bangkok, Thailand; Center of Excellence on Environmental Health and Toxicology (EHT), Thailand
| | | | - Mathuros Ruchirawat
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Laksi, Bangkok, Thailand; Center of Excellence on Environmental Health and Toxicology (EHT), Thailand.
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3
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Zhang Z, Costa M. p62 functions as a signal hub in metal carcinogenesis. Semin Cancer Biol 2021; 76:267-278. [PMID: 33894381 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2021.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A number of metals are toxic and carcinogenic to humans. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play an important role in metal carcinogenesis. Oxidative stress acts as the converging point among various stressors with ROS being the main intracellular signal transducer. In metal-transformed cells, persistent expression of p62 and erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) result in apoptosis resistance, angiogenesis, inflammatory microenvironment, and metabolic reprogramming, contributing to overall mechanism of metal carcinogenesis. Autophagy, a conserved intracellular process, maintains cellular homeostasis by facilitating the turnover of protein aggregates, cellular debris, and damaged organelles. In addition to being a substrate of autophagy, p62 is also a crucial molecule in a myriad of cellular functions and in molecular events, which include oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, cell proliferation, metabolic reprogramming, that modulate cell survival and tumor growth. The multiple functions of p62 are appreciated by its ability to interact with several key components involved in various oncogenic pathways. This review summarizes the current knowledge and progress in studies of p62 and metal carcinogenesis with emphasis on oncogenic pathways related to oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, and metabolic reprogramming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Zhang
- Department of Environmental Medicine, NYU School of Medicine, 341 East 25th Street, New York, NY 10010, USA
| | - Max Costa
- Department of Environmental Medicine, NYU School of Medicine, 341 East 25th Street, New York, NY 10010, USA.
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4
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Xia S, Sun Q, Zou Z, Liu Y, Fang X, Sun B, Wei S, Wang D, Zhang A, Liu Q. Ginkgo biloba extract attenuates the disruption of pro-and anti-inflammatory T-cell balance in peripheral blood of arsenicosis patients. Int J Biol Sci 2020; 16:483-494. [PMID: 32015684 PMCID: PMC6990893 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.39351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Endemic arsenicosis is a public health problem that affects thousands of people worldwide. However, the biological mechanism involved is not well characterized, and there is no specific treatment. Exposure to arsenic may be associated with immune-related problems. In the present work, we performed an investigation to determine whether the Th17/Treg balance was abnormal in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of patients with arsenicosis caused by burning coal. Furthermore, we investigated the effect of Ginkgo biloba extract (GBE) on the Th17/Treg imbalance in patients with arsenicosis. In this trial, 81 arsenicosis patients and 37 controls were enrolled. The numbers of Th17 and Treg cells, as well as related transcription factors and serum cytokines, were determined at the beginning and end of the study. Patients with arsenicosis exhibited higher levels of Th17 cells, Th17-related cytokines (IL-17A and IL-6), and the transcription factor RORγt. There were lower levels of Treg cells, a Treg-related cytokine (IL-10), and the transcription factor Foxp3 as compared with controls. There was a positive correlation between the levels of Th17 cells and IL-17A and the levels of arsenic in hair. Arsenicosis patients were randomly assigned to a GBE treatment group or a placebo group. After 3 months of follow-up, 74 patients completed the study (39 cases in the GBE group and 35 in the placebo group). Administration of GBE to patient upregulated the numbers of Treg cells and the level of IL-10 and downregulated the numbers of Th17 cells and the levels of cytokines associated with Th17 cells. The mRNA levels of Foxp3 and RORγt were increased and decreased, respectively. These results indicated that exposure to arsenic is associated with immune-related problems. The present investigation describes a previously unknown mechanism showing that an imbalance of pro- and anti-inflammatory T cells is involved in the pathogenesis of arsenicosis and that a GBE exerts effects on arsenicosis through regulation of the pro- and anti-inflammatory T cell balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiqing Xia
- The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Sun
- Center for Global Health, China International Cooperation Center for Environment and Human Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhonglan Zou
- The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yonglian Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaolin Fang
- The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Baofei Sun
- The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaofeng Wei
- The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Dapeng Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Aihua Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Qizhan Liu
- Center for Global Health, China International Cooperation Center for Environment and Human Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.,The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
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5
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Zhang Q, Xu Y, Chang R, Tong D, Xu X. Transmissible gastroenteritis virus N protein causes endoplasmic reticulum stress, up-regulates interleukin-8 expression and its subcellular localization in the porcine intestinal epithelial cell. Res Vet Sci 2018; 119:109-115. [PMID: 29909129 PMCID: PMC7111826 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2018.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Revised: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
This essay focuses on transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV), which is an enteropathogenic virus related to contagious and acute diseases in suckling piglets. Previous literature suggests that the TGEV nucleocapsid protein (N) plays a significant role in viral transcriptional process, however, there is a need to examine other functions of TGEV N protein in the porcine intestinal epithelial cell (IEC) which is the target cell of TGEV. In the present study, we investigated the degradation, subcellular localisation, and function of TGEV N protein by examining its effects on cycle progression, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, interleukin-8 (IL-8) expression, and cell survival. The results showed that TGEV N protein localised in the cytoplasm, inhibited IEC growth, prolonged the S-phase cell cycle by down-regulating cell cycle protein cyclin A, and was mainly degraded through the proteasome pathway. Moreover, TGEV N protein induced ER stress and activated NF-κB, which was responsible for the up-regulation of IL-8 and Bcl-2 expression. This report mainly considers the functions of TGEV N protein in IEC. To be specific, in IEC, TGEV N protein induces cell cycle prolongation at the S-phase, ER stress and up-regulates IL-8 expression. These results provide a better understanding of the functions and structural mechanisms of TGEV N protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Ying Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Rong Chang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Dewen Tong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
| | - Xingang Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
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6
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Grau-Perez M, Navas-Acien A, Galan-Chilet I, Briongos-Figuero LS, Morchon-Simon D, Bermudez JD, Crainiceanu CM, de Marco G, Rentero-Garrido P, Garcia-Barrera T, Gomez-Ariza JL, Casasnovas JA, Martin-Escudero JC, Redon J, Chaves FJ, Tellez-Plaza M. Arsenic exposure, diabetes-related genes and diabetes prevalence in a general population from Spain. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 235:948-955. [PMID: 29751399 PMCID: PMC6443087 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Revised: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Inorganic arsenic exposure may be associated with diabetes, but the evidence at low-moderate levels is not sufficient. Polymorphisms in diabetes-related genes have been involved in diabetes risk. We evaluated the association of inorganic arsenic exposure on diabetes in the Hortega Study, a representative sample of a general population from Valladolid, Spain. Total urine arsenic was measured in 1451 adults. Urine arsenic speciation was available in 295 randomly selected participants. To account for the confounding introduced by non-toxic seafood arsenicals, we designed a multiple imputation model to predict the missing arsenobetaine levels. The prevalence of diabetes was 8.3%. The geometric mean of total arsenic was 66.0 μg/g. The adjusted odds ratios (95% confidence interval) for diabetes comparing the highest with the lowest tertile of total arsenic were 1.76 (1.01, 3.09) and 2.14 (1.47, 3.11) before and after arsenobetaine adjustment, respectively. Polymorphisms in several genes including IL8RA, TXN, NR3C2, COX5A and GCLC showed suggestive differential associations of urine total arsenic with diabetes. The findings support the role of arsenic on diabetes and the importance of controlling for seafood arsenicals in populations with high seafood intake. Suggestive arsenic-gene interactions require confirmation in larger studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Grau-Perez
- Area of Cardiometabolic and Renal Risk, Biomedical Research Institute Hospital Clinic of Valencia (INCLIVA), Valencia, Spain; Department of Statistics and Operational Research, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain; Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ana Navas-Acien
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Inmaculada Galan-Chilet
- Genomic and Genetic Diagnosis Unit, Biomedical Research Institute Hospital Clinic of Valencia (INCLIVA), Valencia, Spain
| | | | - David Morchon-Simon
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Rio Hortega, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Jose D Bermudez
- Department of Statistics and Operational Research, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Ciprian M Crainiceanu
- Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Griselda de Marco
- Genomic and Genetic Diagnosis Unit, Biomedical Research Institute Hospital Clinic of Valencia (INCLIVA), Valencia, Spain
| | - Pilar Rentero-Garrido
- Genomic and Genetic Diagnosis Unit, Biomedical Research Institute Hospital Clinic of Valencia (INCLIVA), Valencia, Spain
| | | | | | - Jose A Casasnovas
- Unidad de Investigación en Prevención Cardiovascular, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón, CIBER Cardiovascular (CIBERCV), Zaragoza, Spain
| | | | - Josep Redon
- Area of Cardiometabolic and Renal Risk, Biomedical Research Institute Hospital Clinic of Valencia (INCLIVA), Valencia, Spain; CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, Minister of Health, Madrid, Spain; Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Clínico de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - F Javier Chaves
- Genomic and Genetic Diagnosis Unit, Biomedical Research Institute Hospital Clinic of Valencia (INCLIVA), Valencia, Spain; CIBER of Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM), Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Maria Tellez-Plaza
- Area of Cardiometabolic and Renal Risk, Biomedical Research Institute Hospital Clinic of Valencia (INCLIVA), Valencia, Spain; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
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7
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Butt SUR, Malik L. Role of immunotherapy in bladder cancer: past, present and future. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2018; 81:629-645. [PMID: 29368051 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-018-3518-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
As research focus in oncology has recently shifted from oral targeted therapy to immunomodulation, the era of successful drug development in bladder cancer has just begun. This has led to unprecedented approval of five immunotherapeutic agents by regulatory agencies for metastatic bladder cancer within a span of 12 months. With an initial triumph of anti-programmed cell death-1 (anti-PD-1) and anti-programmed cell death ligand-1 (anti-PDL-1) drugs, ongoing efforts are aimed at identification and validation of new druggable immune targets to consolidate the initial gains. In this paper, we review the role of immunotherapy in the treatment of bladder cancer as well as the various emerging immunotherapeutic agents and their possible use in bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabeeh-Ur-Rehman Butt
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Canberra Hospital, Garran, ACT, 2605, Australia.
| | - Laeeq Malik
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Canberra Hospital, Garran, ACT, 2605, Australia
- ANU Medical School, Australian National University, Acton, ACT, Australia
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8
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Sui X, Lei L, Chen L, Xie T, Li X. Inflammatory microenvironment in the initiation and progression of bladder cancer. Oncotarget 2017; 8:93279-93294. [PMID: 29190997 PMCID: PMC5696263 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.21565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests the idea that chronic inflammation may play a critical role in various malignancies including bladder cancer and long-term treatment with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) is significantly effective in reducing certain cancer incidence and mortality. However, the molecular mechanisms leading to malignant transformation and the progression of bladder cancer in a chronically inflammatory environment remain largely unknown. In this review, we will describe the role of inflammation in the formation and development of bladder cancer and summarize the possible molecular mechanisms by which chronic inflammation regulates cell immune response, proliferation and metastasis. Understanding the novel function orchestrating inflammation and bladder cancer will hopefully provide us insights into their future clinical significance in preventing bladder carcinogenesis and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinbing Sui
- Department of Medical Oncology Holistic Integrative Oncology Institutes and Holistic Integrative Pharmacy Institutes, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, College of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Medical Oncology Holistic Integrative Cancer Center of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Liming Lei
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Laboratory of South China Structural Heart Disease, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liuxi Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tian Xie
- Department of Medical Oncology Holistic Integrative Oncology Institutes and Holistic Integrative Pharmacy Institutes, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, College of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Medical Oncology Holistic Integrative Cancer Center of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xue Li
- Departments of Urology and Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Luo F, Zou Z, Liu X, Ling M, Wang Q, Wang Q, Lu L, Shi L, Liu Y, Liu Q, Zhang A. Enhanced glycolysis, regulated by HIF-1α via MCT-4, promotes inflammation in arsenite-induced carcinogenesis. Carcinogenesis 2017; 38:615-626. [PMID: 28419250 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgx034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Arsenite is well established as a human carcinogen, but the molecular mechanisms leading to arsenite-induced carcinogenesis are complex and elusive. Accelerated glycolysis, a common process in tumor cells called the Warburg effect, is associated with various biological phenomena. However, the role of glycolysis induced by arsenite is unknown. We have found that, with chronic exposure to arsenite, L-02 cells undergo a metabolic shift to glycolysis. In liver cells exposed to arsenite, hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) and monocarboxylate transporter-4 (MCT-4) are over-expressed. MCT-4, directly mediated by HIF-1α, maintains a high level of glycolysis, and the enhanced glycolysis promotes pro-inflammatory properties, which are involved in arsenite carcinogenesis. In addition, serum lactate and cytokines are higher in arsenite-exposed human populations, and there is a positive correlation between them. Moreover, there is a positive relationship between lactate and cytokines with arsenic in hair. In sum, these findings indicate that MCT-4, mediated by HIF-1α, enhances the glycolysis induced by arsenite. Lactate, the end product of glycolysis, is released into the extracellular environment. The acidic microenvironment promotes production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, which contribute to arsenite-induced liver carcinogenesis. These results provide a link between the induction of glycolysis and inflammation in liver cells exposed to arsenite, and thus establish a previously unknown mechanism for arsenite-induced hepatotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Luo
- Institute of Toxicology.,The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhonglan Zou
- The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, People's Republic of China and
| | - Xinlu Liu
- Institute of Toxicology.,The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Ling
- Jiangsu Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingling Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, People's Republic of China and
| | - Qi Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, People's Republic of China and
| | - Lu Lu
- Institute of Toxicology.,The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Le Shi
- Institute of Toxicology.,The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yonglian Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, People's Republic of China and
| | - Qizhan Liu
- Institute of Toxicology.,The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Aihua Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, People's Republic of China and
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10
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Oliva-González C, Uresti-Rivera EE, Galicia-Cruz OG, Jasso-Robles FI, Gandolfi AJ, Escudero-Lourdes C. The tumor suppressor phosphatase and tensin homolog protein (PTEN) is negatively regulated by NF-κb p50 homodimers and involves histone 3 methylation/deacetylation in UROtsa cells chronically exposed to monomethylarsonous acid. Toxicol Lett 2017; 280:92-98. [PMID: 28823542 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2017.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Revised: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
UROtsa cells have been accepted as a model to study carcinogenicity mechanisms of arsenic-associated human bladder cancer. In vitro continuous exposure to monomethylarsonous acid (MMAIII), leads UROtsa cells to commit to malignant transformation. In this process, NF-κβ-associated inflammatory response seems to play an important role since this transcription factor activates some minutes after cells are exposed in vitro to MMAIII and keeps activated during the cellular malignant transformation. It is known that a slight decrease in the protein phosphatase and tensin homologue (PTEN) gene expression is enough for some cells to become malignantly transformed. Interestingly, this tumor suppressor has been proven to be negatively regulated by NF-κβ through binding to its gene promoter. Based on these observations we propose that NF-κβ may be involved in arsenic associated carcinogenesis through the negative regulation of PTEN gene expression. Changes in PTEN expression and the binding of p50 NF-κβ subunit to PTEN promoter were evaluated in UROtsa cells exposed for 4, 12, 20, or 24 wk to 50nM MMAIII. Results showed that MMAIII induced a significant decrease in PTEN expression around 20 wk exposure to MMAIII,which correlated with increased binding of p50 subunit to the PTEN promoter. Consistent with these results, ChIP assays also showed a significant decrease in H3 acetylation (H3ac) but an increase in the repression marks H3k9me3 and H327me3 in PTEN promoter when compared with not treated cells. These results suggest that the activation of NF-κβ by MMAIII may participate in UROtsa cells malignant transformation through the negative regulation of PTEN expression involving p50 homodimers-mediated chromatin remodeling around the PTEN promoter.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Oliva-González
- Laboratorio de Inmunotoxicología, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Mexico
| | - E E Uresti-Rivera
- Laboratorio de Inmunotoxicología, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Mexico
| | - O G Galicia-Cruz
- Laboratorio de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Mexico
| | - F I Jasso-Robles
- Laboratorio de Inmunotoxicología, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Mexico
| | - A J Gandolfi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arizona, Tucson AZ, USA
| | - C Escudero-Lourdes
- Laboratorio de Inmunotoxicología, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Mexico.
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11
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Hafez MM, Hamed SS, El-Khadragy MF, Hassan ZK, Al Rejaie SS, Sayed-Ahmed MM, Al-Harbi NO, Al-Hosaini KA, Al-Harbi MM, Alhoshani AR, Al-Shabanah OA, Alsharari SD. Effect of ginseng extract on the TGF-β1 signaling pathway in CCl 4-induced liver fibrosis in rats. Altern Ther Health Med 2017; 17:45. [PMID: 28086769 PMCID: PMC5237131 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-016-1507-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Background Liver diseases are major global health problems. Ginseng extract has antioxidant, immune-modulatory and anti-inflammatory activities. This study investigated the effect of ginseng extract on carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver fibrosis in rats. Methods Male Wistar rats were divided into four groups: control group, ginseng group, CCl4 group and CCl4 + ginseng group. Liver injury was induced by the intraperitoneal (I.P) injection of 3 ml/kg CCl4 (30% in olive oil) weekly for 8 weeks. The control group was I.P injected with olive oil. The expression of genes encoding transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β), type I TGF-β receptor (TβR-1), type II TGF-β receptor (TβR-II), mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 2 (Smad2), Smad3, Smad4, matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2), MMP9, tissue inhibitor matrix metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1), Collagen 1a2 (Col1a2), Collagen 3a1 (Col3a1), interleukin-8 (IL-8) and interleukin -10 (IL-10) were measured by real-time PCR. Results Treatment with ginseng extract decreased hepatic fat deposition and lowered hepatic reticular fiber accumulation compared with the CCl4 group. The CCl4 group showed a significant increase in hepatotoxicity biomarkers and up-regulation of the expression of genes encoding TGF-β, TβR-I, TβR-II, MMP2, MMP9, Smad-2,-3, -4, and IL-8 compared with the control group. However, CCl4 administration resulted in the significant down-regulation of IL-10 mRNA expression compared with the control group. Interestingly, ginseng extract supplementation completely reversed the biochemical markers of hepatotoxicity and the gene expression alterations induced by CCl4. Conclusion ginseng extract had an anti‐fibrosis effect via the regulation of the TGF‐β1/Smad signaling pathway in the CCl4‐induced liver fibrosis model. The major target was the inhibition of the expression of TGF‐β1, Smad2, and Smad3.
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12
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Prophylactic neuroprotective efficiency of co-administration of Ginkgo biloba and Trifolium pretense against sodium arsenite-induced neurotoxicity and dementia in different regions of brain and spinal cord of rats. Food Chem Toxicol 2016; 94:112-27. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2016.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2016] [Revised: 05/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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13
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Burnier A, Shimizu Y, Dai Y, Nakashima M, Matsui Y, Ogawa O, Rosser CJ, Furuya H. CXCL1 is elevated in the urine of bladder cancer patients. SPRINGERPLUS 2015; 4:610. [PMID: 26543745 PMCID: PMC4628002 DOI: 10.1186/s40064-015-1393-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Chemokines, including chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 1 (CXCL1), regulate tumor epithelial-stromal interactions that facilitate tumor growth and invasion. Recently, several studies have linked CXCL1 expression to bladder cancer (BCa). In this study, we aimed to determine if increased levels of urinary CXCL1 were found in BCa patients. Voided urines from 86 subjects, cancer subjects (n = 43), non-cancer subjects (n = 43) were analyzed. The protein concentration of CXCL1 was assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). CXCL1 concentration level was normalized using urinary protein and urinary creatinine concentrations. We used the area under the curve of a receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) to investigate the performance of CXCL1 in detecting BCa. Mean urinary concentrations of CXCL1 were significantly higher in subjects with BCa compared to subjects without BCa (179.8 ± 371.7 pg/mg of creatinine vs. 28.2 ± 71.9 pg/mg, respectively p = 0.0009). Urinary CXCL1 possessed a sensitivity of 55.81 %, specificity of 83.72 %, positive predictive value of 77.42 %, negative predictive value of 65.46 %, and an overall accuracy of 69.77 % (AUROC: 0.7015, 95 % CI 0.5903-0.8126). These results indicate that CXCL1 is elevated in BCa when compared to non-cancer subjects, but lacks robustness as a standalone urinary biomarker. Additional studies into CXCL1 may shed more light on the role of CXCL1 in BCa tumorigenesis as well as ramifications of therapeutically targeting CXCL1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andre Burnier
- John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96813 USA
| | - Yoshiko Shimizu
- Clinical and Translational Research Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, 701 Ilalo St, Honolulu, HI 96813 USA ; Department of Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA
| | - Yunfeng Dai
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA
| | - Masakazu Nakashima
- Department of Urology, Kansai Electric Power Hospital, Osaka, Japan ; Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Matsui
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Osamu Ogawa
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Charles J Rosser
- Clinical and Translational Research Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, 701 Ilalo St, Honolulu, HI 96813 USA
| | - Hideki Furuya
- Clinical and Translational Research Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, 701 Ilalo St, Honolulu, HI 96813 USA
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14
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Person RJ, Ngalame NNO, Makia NL, Bell MW, Waalkes MP, Tokar EJ. Chronic inorganic arsenic exposure in vitro induces a cancer cell phenotype in human peripheral lung epithelial cells. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2015; 286:36-43. [PMID: 25804888 PMCID: PMC4444387 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2015.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Revised: 03/10/2015] [Accepted: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Inorganic arsenic is a human lung carcinogen. We studied the ability of chronic inorganic arsenic (2 μM; as sodium arsenite) exposure to induce a cancer phenotype in the immortalized, non-tumorigenic human lung peripheral epithelial cell line, HPL-1D. After 38 weeks of continuous arsenic exposure, secreted matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP2) activity increased to over 200% of control, levels linked to arsenic-induced cancer phenotypes in other cell lines. The invasive capacity of these chronic arsenic-treated lung epithelial (CATLE) cells increased to 320% of control and colony formation increased to 280% of control. CATLE cells showed enhanced proliferation in serum-free media indicative of autonomous growth. Compared to control cells, CATLE cells showed reduced protein expression of the tumor suppressor gene PTEN (decreased to 26% of control) and the putative tumor suppressor gene SLC38A3 (14% of control). Morphological evidence of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) occurred in CATLE cells together with appropriate changes in expression of the EMT markers vimentin (VIM; increased to 300% of control) and e-cadherin (CDH1; decreased to 16% of control). EMT is common in carcinogenic transformation of epithelial cells. CATLE cells showed increased KRAS (291%), ERK1/2 (274%), phosphorylated ERK (p-ERK; 152%), and phosphorylated AKT1 (p-AKT1; 170%) protein expression. Increased transcript expression of metallothioneins, MT1A and MT2A and the stress response genes HMOX1 (690%) and HIF1A (247%) occurred in CATLE cells possibly in adaptation to chronic arsenic exposure. Thus, arsenic induced multiple cancer cell characteristics in human peripheral lung epithelial cells. This model may be useful to assess mechanisms of arsenic-induced lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel J Person
- Stem Cell Toxicology Group, National Toxicology Program Laboratory, Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Ntube N Olive Ngalame
- Stem Cell Toxicology Group, National Toxicology Program Laboratory, Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Ngome L Makia
- Stem Cell Toxicology Group, National Toxicology Program Laboratory, Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Matthew W Bell
- Stem Cell Toxicology Group, National Toxicology Program Laboratory, Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Michael P Waalkes
- Stem Cell Toxicology Group, National Toxicology Program Laboratory, Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Erik J Tokar
- Stem Cell Toxicology Group, National Toxicology Program Laboratory, Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA.
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15
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Tasaki H, Munakata Y, Arai S, Murakami S, Kuwayama T, Iwata H. The Effect of High Glucose Concentration on the Quality of Oocytes Derived from Different Growth Stages of Follicles. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1274/jmor.32.41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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16
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Fei W, Chen W, Shengnan L, Huihui W, Shuhua X, Guifan S. Inflammatory cytokine COX-2 mediated cell proliferation through increasing cyclin D1 expression induced by inorganic arsenic in SV-HUC-1 human uroepithelial cells. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5tx00196j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Inorganic arsenic promotes SV-HUC-1 cells proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Fei
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health
- Liaoning Provincial Key Lab of Arsenic Biological Effect and Poisoning
- School of Public Health
- China Medical University
- Shenyang
| | - Wang Chen
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health
- Liaoning Provincial Key Lab of Arsenic Biological Effect and Poisoning
- School of Public Health
- China Medical University
- Shenyang
| | - Liu Shengnan
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health
- Liaoning Provincial Key Lab of Arsenic Biological Effect and Poisoning
- School of Public Health
- China Medical University
- Shenyang
| | - Wang Huihui
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health
- Liaoning Provincial Key Lab of Arsenic Biological Effect and Poisoning
- School of Public Health
- China Medical University
- Shenyang
| | - Xi Shuhua
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health
- Liaoning Provincial Key Lab of Arsenic Biological Effect and Poisoning
- School of Public Health
- China Medical University
- Shenyang
| | - Sun Guifan
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health
- Liaoning Provincial Key Lab of Arsenic Biological Effect and Poisoning
- School of Public Health
- China Medical University
- Shenyang
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17
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Liu S, Sun Q, Wang F, Zhang L, Song Y, Xi S, Sun G. Arsenic induced overexpression of inflammatory cytokines based on the human urothelial cell model in vitro and urinary secretion of individuals chronically exposed to arsenic. Chem Res Toxicol 2014; 27:1934-42. [PMID: 25257954 DOI: 10.1021/tx5002783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Chronic persistent inflammation could play an important role in the pathogenesis of some malignancies, and inflammation is a critical factor for bladder cancer development. In this study, we measured urine levels of transforming growth factor-α (TGF-α), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and IL-8 in arsenic exposure workers and expressions of inflammatory cytokines in human urothelial cells in vivo and in vitro. We found the concentrations of IL-8, TNF-α, and TGF-α presented in urine were significantly elevated in the high urinary arsenic workers compared with the low urinary arsenic workers. Multiple regression analysis showed that the urinary IL-8 level was significantly positively associated with urinary iAs concentration after adjusting for the confounding effects of age, employed years, body mass index (BMI), smoking, alcohol, and seafood consumption in recent 3 days. Urinary TNF-α and TGF-α levels were also significantly positively associated with urinary iAs concentration, and SMI. TGF-α level was negatively associated with age after adjusting for the confounding effects. Consistent with the results in vivo, mRNA expressions of TNF-α, TGF-α, and IL-8 and protein expressions of TGF-α, TGF-β1, and IL-8 were significantly elevated in SV-HUC-1 cells after exposure to lower concentrations of arsenite for 24h as compared to the control group. These data indicated that arsenic increased the secretion of inflammatory factors and IL-8, TNF-α, and TGF-α expression may be a useful biomarker of the effect of arsenic exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengnan Liu
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Arsenic Biological Effect and Poisoning, School of Public Health, China Medical University , District of Heping, North Er Road, No. 92, Shenyang City, China , 110001
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18
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Qi Y, Zhang M, Li H, Frank JA, Dai L, Liu H, Zhang Z, Wang C, Chen G. Autophagy inhibition by sustained overproduction of IL6 contributes to arsenic carcinogenesis. Cancer Res 2014; 74:3740-52. [PMID: 24830721 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-13-3182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Chronic inflammation has been implicated as an etiologic factor in cancer, whereas autophagy may help preserve cancer cell survival but exert anti-inflammatory effects. How these phenomenas interact during carcinogenesis remains unclear. We explored this question in a human bronchial epithelial cell-based model of lung carcinogenesis that is mediated by subchronic exposure to arsenic. We found that sustained overexpression of the pro-inflammatory IL6 promoted arsenic-induced cell transformation by inhibiting autophagy. Conversely, strategies to enhance autophagy counteracted the effect of IL6 in the model. These findings were confirmed and extended in a mouse model of arsenic-induced lung cancer. Mechanistic investigations suggested that mTOR inhibition contributed to the activation of autophagy, whereas IL6 overexpression was sufficient to block autophagy by supporting Beclin-1/Mcl-1 interaction. Overall, our findings argued that chronic inflammatory states driven by IL6 could antagonize autophagic states that may help preserve cancer cell survival and promote malignant progression, suggesting a need to uncouple inflammation and autophagy controls to enable tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanlin Qi
- Authors' Affiliations: Department of Molecular & Biomedical Pharmacology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and
| | - Mingfang Zhang
- Authors' Affiliations: Department of Molecular & Biomedical Pharmacology, Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Hui Li
- Authors' Affiliations: Department of Molecular & Biomedical Pharmacology
| | - Jacqueline A Frank
- Authors' Affiliations: Department of Molecular & Biomedical Pharmacology
| | - Lu Dai
- Graduate Center for Toxicology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine
| | - Huijuan Liu
- Authors' Affiliations: Department of Molecular & Biomedical Pharmacology
| | - Zhuo Zhang
- Graduate Center for Toxicology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine
| | - Chi Wang
- Biostatistics Shared Resource Facility, Markey Cancer Center and Department of Biostatistics, University of Kentucky College of Public Health, Lexington, Kentucky; and Departments of
| | - Gang Chen
- Authors' Affiliations: Department of Molecular & Biomedical Pharmacology,
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19
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Medeiros M, Le TM, Troup D, Novak P, Gandolfi AJ. Expression Of Selected Pathway-Marker Genes In Human Urothelial Cells Exposed Chronically To A Non-Cytotoxic Concentration Of Monomethylarsonous Acid. Toxicol Rep 2014; 1:421-434. [PMID: 25177542 PMCID: PMC4144464 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2014.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2014] [Revised: 07/01/2014] [Accepted: 07/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Bladder cancer has been associated with chronic arsenic exposure. Monomethylarsonous acid [MMA(III)] is a metabolite of inorganic arsenic and has been shown to transform an immortalized urothelial cell line (UROtsa) at concentrations 20-fold less than arsenite. MMA(III) was used as a model arsenical to examine the mechanisms of arsenical-induced transformation of urothelium. A previous microarray analysis revealed only minor changes in gene expression at one and two months of chronic exposure to MMA(III), contrasting with substantial changes observed at three months of exposure. To address the lack of information between two and three months of exposure (the critical period of transformation), the expression of select pathway marker genes was measured by PCR array analysis on a weekly basis. Cell proliferation rate, anchorage-independent growth, and tumorigenicity in SCID mice were also assessed to determine the early, persistent phenotypic changes and their association with the changes in expression of these selected marker genes. A very similar pattern of alterations in these genes was observed when compared to the microarray results, and suggested that early perturbations in cell signaling cascades, immunological pathways, cytokine expression, and MAPK pathway are particularly important in driving malignant transformation. These results showed a strong association between the acquired phenotypic changes that occurred as early as one to two months of chronic MMA(III) exposure, and the observed gene expression pattern that is indicative of the earliest stages in carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Medeiros
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, United States
| | - Tam Minh Le
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, United States
| | - Daniel Troup
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, United States
| | - Petr Novak
- Biology Centre ASCR, Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, Ceske Budejovice, 37005, Czech Republic
| | - A. Jay Gandolfi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, United States
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20
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Cohen SM, Arnold LL, Beck BD, Lewis AS, Eldan M. Evaluation of the carcinogenicity of inorganic arsenic. Crit Rev Toxicol 2013; 43:711-52. [DOI: 10.3109/10408444.2013.827152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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21
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Xu Y, Zhao Y, Xu W, Luo F, Wang B, Li Y, Pang Y, Liu Q. Involvement of HIF-2α-mediated inflammation in arsenite-induced transformation of human bronchial epithelial cells. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2013; 272:542-50. [PMID: 23811328 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2013.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2013] [Revised: 05/23/2013] [Accepted: 06/19/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic is a well established human carcinogen that causes diseases of the lung. Some studies have suggested a link between inflammation and lung cancer; however, it is unknown if arsenite-induced inflammation causally contributes to arsenite-caused malignant transformation of cells. In this study, we investigated the molecular mechanisms underlying inflammation during neoplastic transformation induced in human bronchial epithelial (HBE) cells by chronic exposure to arsenite. The results showed that, on acute or chronic exposure to arsenite, HBE cells over-expressed the pro-inflammatory cytokines, interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-8 (IL-8), and interleukin-1β (IL-1β). The data also indicated that HIF-2α was involved in arsenite-induced inflammation. Moreover, IL-6 and IL-8 were essential for the malignant progression of arsenite-transformed HBE cells. Thus, these experiments show that HIF-2α mediates arsenite-induced inflammation and that such inflammation is involved in arsenite-induced malignant transformation of HBE cells. The results provide a link between the inflammatory response and the acquisition of a malignant transformed phenotype by cells chronically exposed to arsenite and thus establish a previously unknown mechanism for arsenite-induced carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Xu
- Institute of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, PR China; The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, PR China
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22
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Wang L, Kuang L, Hitron JA, Son YO, Wang X, Budhraja A, Lee JC, Pratheeshkumar P, Chen G, Zhang Z, Luo J, Shi X. Apigenin suppresses migration and invasion of transformed cells through down-regulation of C-X-C chemokine receptor 4 expression. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2013; 272:108-16. [PMID: 23743303 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2013.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2013] [Revised: 05/14/2013] [Accepted: 05/20/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Environmental exposure to arsenic is known to cause various cancers. There are some potential relationships between cell malignant transformation and C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4) expressions. Metastasis, one of the major characteristics of malignantly transformed cells, contributes to the high mortality of cells. CXCR4 and its natural chemokine ligand C-X-C motif ligand 12 (CXCL12) play a critical role in metastasis. Therefore, identification of nutritional factors which are able to inhibit CXCR4 is important for protection from environmental arsenic-induced carcinogenesis and for abolishing metastasis of malignantly transformed cells. The present study demonstrates that apigenin (4',5,7-trihydroxyflavone), a natural dietary flavonoid, suppressed CXCR4 expression in arsenic-transformed Beas-2B cells (B-AsT) and several other types of transformed/cancer cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Neither proteasome nor lysosome inhibitor had any effect in reducing the apigenin-induced down-regulation of CXCR4, indicating that apigenin-induced down-regulation of CXCR4 is not due to proteolytic degradation. The down-regulation of CXCR4 is mainly due to the inhibition of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) transcriptional activity. Apigenin also abolished migration and invasion of transformed cells induced by CXCL12. In a xenograft mouse model, apigenin down-regulated CXCR4 expression and suppressed tumor growth. Taken together, our results show that apigenin is a novel inhibitor of CXCR4 expression. This dietary flavonoid has the potential to suppress migration and invasion of transformed cells and prevent environmental arsenic-induced carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- Graduate Center for Toxicology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
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Wu CC, Huang YK, Chung CJ, Huang CY, Pu YS, Shiue HS, Lai LA, Lin YC, Su CT, Hsueh YM. Polymorphism of inflammatory genes and arsenic methylation capacity are associated with urothelial carcinoma. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2013; 272:30-6. [PMID: 23727622 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2013.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2013] [Revised: 05/19/2013] [Accepted: 05/20/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Chronic exposure to arsenic can generate reactive oxidative species, which can induce certain proinflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-8 (IL-8). TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-8 have been shown to be involved in the development and progression of various cancers, including bladder cancer. This study aimed to investigate the joint effect of the polymorphism of TNF-α -308 G/A, IL-6 -174 G/C, IL-8 -251 T/A and urinary arsenic profiles on urothelial carcinoma (UC) risk. This study evaluated 300 pathologically-confirmed cases of UC and 594 cancer-free controls. Urinary arsenic species were detected using high-performance liquid chromatography-linked hydride generator and atomic absorption spectrometry. The polymorphism of TNF-α -308 G/A, IL-6 -174 G/C and IL-8 -251 T/A was determined using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism. The joint effects on UC risk were estimated by odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals using unconditional logistic regression. We found that the TNF-α -308 A/A and IL-8 -251 T/T polymorphisms were significantly associated with UC. Moreover, significant dose-response joint effect of TNF-α -308 A/A or IL-8 -251 T/T genotypes and arsenic methylation indices were seen to affect UC risk. The present results also showed a significant increase in UC risk in subjects with the IL-8 -251 T/T genotype for each SD increase in urinary total arsenic and MMA%. In contrast, a significant decrease in UC risk was found in subjects who carried the IL-8 -251 T/T genotype for each SD increase in DMA%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Chang Wu
- School of Public Health, College of Public Health and Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Urology, Taipei Medical University-Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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Bailey KA, Wallace K, Smeester L, Thai SF, Wolf DC, Edwards SW, Fry RC. Transcriptional Modulation of the ERK1/2 MAPK and NF-κB Pathways in Human Urothelial Cells After Trivalent Arsenical Exposure: Implications for Urinary Bladder Cancer. JOURNAL OF CANCER RESEARCH UPDATES 2012; 1:57-68. [PMID: 23487506 PMCID: PMC3593739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Chronic exposure to drinking water contaminated with inorganic arsenic (iAs) is associated with an increased risk of urinary bladder (UB) cancers in humans. The exact role of specific iAs metabolite(s) in As-mediated carcinogenesis remains largely unknown. Experimental evidence suggests that trivalent arsenicals, namely arsenite (iAsIII) and two of its metabolites, monomethylarsonous acid (MMAIII) and dimethylarsinous acid (DMAIII), are possible proximate UB carcinogens. Here, we used a transcriptomics approach to examine perturbed molecular pathways in a human urothelial cell line (UROtsa) after short-term exposure to iAsIII, MMAIII and DMAIII. Molecular pathways containing genes that encode proteins implicated in UB cancer development were perturbed by both MMAIII and DMAIII. These pathways included those of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 mitogen-activated protein kinase (ERK 1/2 MAPK) and nuclear factor kappa beta (NF-κB). Together, these results may inform the current understanding of effects in the UB induced by acute As exposure and the relationship of these effects with As-mediated carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn A. Bailey
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, UNC Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Kathleen Wallace
- National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA
| | - Lisa Smeester
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, UNC Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Sheau-Fung Thai
- National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA
| | - Douglas C. Wolf
- National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA
| | - Stephen W. Edwards
- National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA
| | - Rebecca C. Fry
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, UNC Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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Pathogenic and Diagnostic Potential of BLCA-1 and BLCA-4 Nuclear Proteins in Urothelial Cell Carcinoma of Human Bladder. Adv Urol 2012; 2012:397412. [PMID: 22811704 PMCID: PMC3395315 DOI: 10.1155/2012/397412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2012] [Revised: 05/13/2012] [Accepted: 06/01/2012] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) of the bladder is one of the most common malignancies of genitourinary tract. Patients with bladder cancer need a life-long surveillance, directly due to the relatively high recurrence rate of this tumor. The use of cystoscopy represents the gold standard for the followup of previously treated patients. Nevertheless, several factors, including cost and invasiveness, render cystoscopy not ideal for routine controls. Advances in the identification of specific alterations in the nuclear structure of bladder cancer cells have opened novel diagnostic landscapes. The members of nuclear matrix protein family BLCA-1 and BLCA-4, are currently under evaluation as bladder cancer urinary markers. They are involved in tumour cell proliferation, survival, and angiogenesis. In this paper, we illustrate the role of BLCA-1 and BLCA-4 in bladder carcinogenesis and their potential exploitation as biomarkers in this cancer.
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