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Turk Z, Armani A, Jafari-Gharabaghlou D, Madakbas S, Bonabi E, Zarghami N. A new insight into the early detection of HER2 protein in breast cancer patients with a focus on electrochemical biosensors approaches: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2024:132710. [PMID: 38825266 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
Breast cancer is one of the leading causes of death in women and is a prevalent kind of cancerous growth, representing a substantial risk to women's health. Early detection of breast cancer is essential for effective treatment and improved survival rates. Biomarkers, active substances that signal the existence and advancement of a tumor, play a significant role in the early detection of breast cancer. Hence, accurate identification of biomarkers for tumors is crucial for diagnosing and treating breast cancer. However, the primary diagnostic methods used for the detection of breast cancer require specific equipment, skilled professionals, and specialized analysis, leading to elevated detection expenses. Regarding this obstacle, recent studies emphasize electrochemical biosensors as more advanced and sensitive detection tools compared to traditional methods. Electrochemical biosensors are employed to identify biomarkers that act as unique indicators for the onset, recurrence, and monitoring of therapeutic interventions for breast cancer. This study aims to provide a summary of the electrochemical biosensors that have been employed for the detection of breast cancer at an early stage over the past decade. Initially, the text provides concise information about breast cancer and tumor biomarkers. Subsequently, an in-depth analysis is conducted to systematically review the progress of electrochemical biosensors developed for the stable, specific, and sensitive identification of biomarkers associated with breast cancer. Particular emphasis was given to crucial clinical biomarkers, specifically the human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2). The analysis then explores the limitations and challenges inherent in the design of effective biosensors for diagnosing and treating breast cancer. Ultimately, we provided an overview of future research directions and concluded by outlining the advantages of electrochemical biosensor approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeynep Turk
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Marmara University, İstanbul, Turkiye; Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul Aydin University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Arta Armani
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul Aydin University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Davoud Jafari-Gharabaghlou
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Seyfullah Madakbas
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Marmara University, İstanbul, Turkiye
| | - Esat Bonabi
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul Aydin University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nosratollah Zarghami
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul Aydin University, Istanbul, Turkey.
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Ionescu RE. Ultrasensitive Electrochemical Immunosensors Using Nanobodies as Biocompatible Sniffer Tools of Agricultural Contaminants and Human Disease Biomarkers. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:1486. [PMID: 37630022 PMCID: PMC10456424 DOI: 10.3390/mi14081486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Nanobodies (Nbs) are known as camelid single-domain fragments or variable heavy chain antibodies (VHH) that in vitro recognize the antigens (Ag) similar to full-size antibodies (Abs) and in vivo allow immunoreactions with biomolecule cavities inaccessible to conventional Abs. Currently, Nbs are widely used for clinical treatments due to their remarkably improved performance, ease of production, thermal robustness, superior physical and chemical properties. Interestingly, Nbs are also very promising bioreceptors for future rapid and portable immunoassays, compared to those using unstable full-size antibodies. For all these reasons, Nbs are excellent candidates in ecological risk assessments and advanced medicine, enabling the development of ultrasensitive biosensing platforms. In this review, immobilization strategies of Nbs on conductive supports for enhanced electrochemical immune detection of food contaminants (Fcont) and human biomarkers (Hbio) are discussed. In the case of Fcont, the direct competitive immunoassay detection using coating antigen solid surface is the most commonly used approach for efficient Nbs capture which was characterized with cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) when the signal decays for increasing concentrations of free antigen prepared in aqueous solutions. In contrast, for the Hbio investigations on thiolated gold electrodes, increases in amperometric and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) signals were recorded, with increases in the antigen concentrations prepared in PBS or spiked real human samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodica Elena Ionescu
- Light, Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology (L2n) Laboratory, CNRS EMR 7004, University of Technology of Troyes, 12 Rue Marie Curie CS 42060, 10004 Troyes, France
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Wignarajah S, Chianella I, Tothill IE. Development of Electrochemical Immunosensors for HER-1 and HER-2 Analysis in Serum for Breast Cancer Patients. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:bios13030355. [PMID: 36979567 PMCID: PMC10046363 DOI: 10.3390/bios13030355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
In this work, two human epidermal growth factor receptors, HER-1 and HER-2, were selected as biomarkers to enable the detection of breast cancer. Therefore, two biosensors were developed using gold sensor chips coupled with amperometric detection of the enzyme label horse radish peroxidase (HRP). The biosensors/immunosensors relied on indirect sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays with monoclonal antibodies (Ab) against HER-1 and HER-2 attached to the sensors to capture the biomarkers. Detection polyclonal antibodies followed by secondary anti-rabbit (for HER-1) and anti-goat (for HER-2) IgG antibody-HRP were then applied for signal generation. In buffer, the developed sensors showed limits of detections (LOD) of 1.06 ng mL-1 and 0.95 ng mL-1 and limits of quantification (LOQ) of 2.1 ng mL-1 and 1.5 ng mL-1 for HER-1 and HER-2, respectively. In 100% (undiluted) serum, LODs of 1.2 ng mL-1 and 1.47 ng mL-1 and LOQs of 1.5 ng mL-1 and 2.1 ng mL-1 were obtained for HER-1 and HER-2, respectively. Such limits of detections are within the serum clinical range for the two biomarkers. Furthermore, gold nanoparticles (AuNP) labelled with secondary anti-rabbit and anti-goat IgG antibody-HRP were then used to enhance the assay signal and increase the sensitivity. In buffers, LODs of 30 pg mL-1 were seen for both sensors and LOQs of 98 pg mL-1 and 35 pg mL-1 were recorded for HER-1 and HER-2, respectively. For HER-2 the AuNPs biosensor was also tested in 100% serum obtaining a LOD of 50 pg mL-1 and a LOQ of 80 pg mL-1. The HER-2 AuNP electrochemical immunosensor showed high specificity with very low cross-reactivity to HER-1. These findings demonstrate that the two developed sensors can enable early detection as well as monitoring of disease progression with a beneficial impact on patient survival and clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Iva Chianella
- Correspondence: (I.C.); (I.E.T.); Tel.: +44-(12)-34758322 (I.C.)
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4
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Applications of mass spectroscopy in understanding cancer proteomics. Proteomics 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-95072-5.00007-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
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5
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Alsadig A, Abbasgholi-NA B, Vondracek H, Medagli B, Fortuna S, Posocco P, Parisse P, Cabrera H, Casalis L. DNA-Directed Protein Anchoring on Oligo/Alkanethiol-Coated Gold Nanoparticles: A Versatile Platform for Biosensing Applications. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 13:nano13010078. [PMID: 36615988 PMCID: PMC9823620 DOI: 10.3390/nano13010078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we report on a smart biosensing platform that exploits gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) functionalized through ssDNA self-assembled monolayers (SAM) and the DNA-directed immobilization (DDI) of DNA-protein conjugates; a novel, high-sensitivity optical characterization technique based on a miniaturized gel electrophoresis chip integrated with online thermal lens spectrometry (MGEC-TLS), for the high-sensitivity detection of antigen binding events. Specifically, we characterized the physicochemical properties of 20 nm AuNPs covered with mixed SAMs of thiolated single-stranded DNA and bio-repellent molecules, referred to as top-terminated oligo-ethylene glycol (TOEG6), demonstrating high colloidal stability, optimal binder surface density, and proper hybridization capacity. Further, to explore the design in the frame of cancer-associated antigen detection, complementary ssDNA fragments conjugated with a nanobody, called C8, were loaded on the particles and employed to detect the presence of the HER2-ECD antigen in liquid. At variance with conventional surface plasmon resonance detection, MGEC-TLS characterization confirmed the capability of the assay to titrate the HER2-ECD antigen down to concentrations of 440 ng/mL. The high versatility of the directed protein-DNA conjugates immobilization through DNA hybridization on plasmonic scaffolds and coupled with the high sensitivity of the MGEC-TLS detection qualifies the proposed assay as a potential, easily operated biosensing strategy for the fast and label-free detection of disease-relevant antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Alsadig
- Department of Physics, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy
- NanoInnovation Lab, Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Behnaz Abbasgholi-NA
- NanoInnovation Lab, Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., 34149 Trieste, Italy
- Optics Lab, STI Unit, The Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics, 34151 Trieste, Italy
| | - Hendrik Vondracek
- NanoInnovation Lab, Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Barbara Medagli
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences at the University of Trieste, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Sara Fortuna
- Italian Institute of Technology (IIT), Via Melen–83, B Block, 16152 Genova, Italy
| | - Paola Posocco
- Department of Engineering and Architecture, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Pietro Parisse
- NanoInnovation Lab, Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., 34149 Trieste, Italy
- Institute of Materials (IOM-CNR), Area Science Park, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Humberto Cabrera
- Optics Lab, STI Unit, The Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics, 34151 Trieste, Italy
| | - Loredana Casalis
- NanoInnovation Lab, Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., 34149 Trieste, Italy
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Nasrollahpour H, Khalilzadeh B, Hasanzadeh M, Rahbarghazi R, Estrela P, Naseri A, Tasoglu S, Sillanpää M. Nanotechnology‐based electrochemical biosensors for monitoring breast cancer biomarkers. Med Res Rev 2022; 43:464-569. [PMID: 36464910 DOI: 10.1002/med.21931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Revised: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is categorized as the most widespread cancer type among women globally. On-time diagnosis can decrease the mortality rate by making the right decision in the therapy procedure. These features lead to a reduction in medication time and socioeconomic burden. The current review article provides a comprehensive assessment for breast cancer diagnosis using nanomaterials and related technologies. Growing use of the nano/biotechnology domain in terms of electrochemical nanobiosensor designing was discussed in detail. In this regard, recent advances in nanomaterial applied for amplified biosensing methodologies were assessed for breast cancer diagnosis by focusing on the advantages and disadvantages of these approaches. We also monitored designing methods, advantages, and the necessity of suitable (nano) materials from a statistical standpoint. The main objective of this review is to classify the applicable biosensors based on breast cancer biomarkers. With numerous nano-sized platforms published for breast cancer diagnosis, this review tried to collect the most suitable methodologies for detecting biomarkers and certain breast cancer cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Nasrollahpour
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry University of Tabriz Tabriz Iran
| | - Balal Khalilzadeh
- Stem Cell Research Center Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
| | - Mohammad Hasanzadeh
- Pharmaceutical Analysis Research Center Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
| | - Reza Rahbarghazi
- Stem Cell Research Center Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
- Department of Applied Cellular Sciences, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
| | - Pedro Estrela
- Centre for Biosensors, Bioelectronics and Biodevices (C3Bio) and Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering University of Bath Bath UK
| | - Abdolhossein Naseri
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry University of Tabriz Tabriz Iran
| | - Savas Tasoglu
- Koç University Translational Medicine Research Center (KUTTAM) Rumeli Feneri, Sarıyer Istanbul Turkey
| | - Mika Sillanpää
- Environmental Engineering and Management Research Group Ton Duc Thang University Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam
- Faculty of Environment and Labour Safety Ton Duc Thang University Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam
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7
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Wang J, Kang G, Yuan H, Cao X, Huang H, de Marco A. Research Progress and Applications of Multivalent, Multispecific and Modified Nanobodies for Disease Treatment. Front Immunol 2022; 12:838082. [PMID: 35116045 PMCID: PMC8804282 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.838082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Recombinant antibodies such as nanobodies are progressively demonstrating to be a valid alternative to conventional monoclonal antibodies also for clinical applications. Furthermore, they do not solely represent a substitute for monoclonal antibodies but their unique features allow expanding the applications of biotherapeutics and changes the pattern of disease treatment. Nanobodies possess the double advantage of being small and simple to engineer. This combination has promoted extremely diversified approaches to design nanobody-based constructs suitable for particular applications. Both the format geometry possibilities and the functionalization strategies have been widely explored to provide macromolecules with better efficacy with respect to single nanobodies or their combination. Nanobody multimers and nanobody-derived reagents were developed to image and contrast several cancer diseases and have shown their effectiveness in animal models. Their capacity to block more independent signaling pathways simultaneously is considered a critical advantage to avoid tumor resistance, whereas the mass of these multimeric compounds still remains significantly smaller than that of an IgG, enabling deeper penetration in solid tumors. When applied to CAR-T cell therapy, nanobodies can effectively improve the specificity by targeting multiple epitopes and consequently reduce the side effects. This represents a great potential in treating malignant lymphomas, acute myeloid leukemia, acute lymphoblastic leukemia, multiple myeloma and solid tumors. Apart from cancer treatment, multispecific drugs and imaging reagents built with nanobody blocks have demonstrated their value also for detecting and tackling neurodegenerative, autoimmune, metabolic, and infectious diseases and as antidotes for toxins. In particular, multi-paratopic nanobody-based constructs have been developed recently as drugs for passive immunization against SARS-CoV-2 with the goal of impairing variant survival due to resistance to antibodies targeting single epitopes. Given the enormous research activity in the field, it can be expected that more and more multimeric nanobody molecules will undergo late clinical trials in the next future. Systematic Review Registration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiewen Wang
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- Institute of Shaoxing, Tianjin University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Guangbo Kang
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- Institute of Shaoxing, Tianjin University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Haibin Yuan
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- Institute of Shaoxing, Tianjin University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaocang Cao
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - He Huang
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- Institute of Shaoxing, Tianjin University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ario de Marco
- Laboratory for Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Nova Gorica, Nova Gorica, Slovenia
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8
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Nasrollahpour H, Naseri A, Rashidi MR, Khalilzadeh B. Application of green synthesized WO 3-poly glutamic acid nanobiocomposite for early stage biosensing of breast cancer using electrochemical approach. Sci Rep 2021; 11:23994. [PMID: 34907220 PMCID: PMC8671486 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-03209-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Biopolymer films have drawn growing demand for their application in the point of care domain owing to their biocompatibility, eco-friendly, and eligibility for in vivo analyses. However, their poor conductivity restricts their sensitivity in diagnostics. For high-quality electrochemical biosensor monitoring, two vital factors to be greatly paid attention are the effective merge of amplification modifiers with transducing surface and the superior linking across the recognition interface. Here, we introduce an enzyme-free electrochemical biosensor based on electrosynthesized biocompatible WO3/poly glutamic acid nano-biocomposites to address the hardships specific to the analysis of circulating proteins clinical samples. In addition to its green synthesis route, the poor tendency of both components of the prepared nano-biocomposite to amine groups makes it excellent working in untreated biological samples with high contents of proteins. Several electrochemical and morphological investigations (SEM, EDX, and dot mapping) were fulfilled to gain a reliable and trustful standpoint of the framework. By using this nanobiosensor, the concentration of HER-2 was detectable as low as 1 fg mL-1 with a wide linear response between 1 ng mL-1 and 1 fg mL-1. Meanwhile, the protocol depicted ideal specificity, stability, and reproducibility for the detection of HER-2 protein in untreated serum samples of breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Nasrollahpour
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, PO Box 51644-14766, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Abdolhossein Naseri
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, PO Box 51644-14766, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Mohammad-Reza Rashidi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Balal Khalilzadeh
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, 51664-14766, Tabriz, Iran.
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9
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Harahsheh T, Makableh YF, Rawashdeh I, Al-Fandi M. Enhanced aptasensor performance for targeted HER2 breast cancer detection by using screen-printed electrodes modified with Au nanoparticles. Biomed Microdevices 2021; 23:46. [PMID: 34546397 DOI: 10.1007/s10544-021-00586-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The development of an Aptamer based biosensor for the selective detection of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) with high sensitivity and specificity was achieved. A screen-printed carbon electrode was used in the scope of this work. The HER2 Aptamer was immobilized via electrostatic adsorption on the surface of a screen-printed electrode, which was modified with Au Nanoparticles (~ 20 nm diameter) to support the Aptamer immobilization. The Aptasensor was extensively investigated using Cyclic voltammetry, Differential pulse voltammetry, Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and Atomic force microscopy. The Aptasensor exhibits a fast response with a binding time of only 5 min and shows a log-linear response over a wide concentration range of 0.001-100 ng/mL. Moreover, it has high sensitivity and enhanced detection limit reaching 52.85 μA/ng/mL, and 0.001 ng/mL, respectively, with a relative standard deviation < 5%. The Aptasensor selectivity was studied by using different interfering substances, and the results demonstrate that the Aptasensor is efficient for the detection of HER2 with approximately 8% extent of the interference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tasneem Harahsheh
- Mechanical Engineering Department, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, 22110, Jordan
| | - Yahia F Makableh
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, 22110, Jordan.
| | - Isra' Rawashdeh
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, 22110, Jordan
| | - Mohamed Al-Fandi
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, 22110, Jordan
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Al-Baradie RS. Nanobodies as versatile tools: A focus on targeted tumor therapy, tumor imaging and diagnostics. Hum Antibodies 2021; 28:259-272. [PMID: 32831197 DOI: 10.3233/hab-200425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies and vaccines have widely been studied for the immunotherapy of cancer, though their large size appears to limit their functionality in solid tumors, in large part due to unique properties of tumor microenvironment. Smaller formats of antibodies have been developed to throw such restrictions. These small format antibodies include antigen binding fragments, single-chain variable fragments, single variable domain of camelid antibody (so-called nanobody (Nb) or VHH). Since their serendipitous discovery, nanobodies have been studies at length in the fields of research, diagnostics and therapy. These antigen binding fragments, originating from camelid heavy-chain antibodies, possess unusual hallmarks in terms of (small) size, stability, solubility and specificity, hence allowing cost-effective production and sometimes out performing monoclonal antibodies. In addition, these small camelid heavy-chain antibodies are highly adaptable tools for cancer research as they enable specific modulation of targets, enzymatic and non-enzymatic proteins alike. Molecular imaging studies benefit from the rapid, homogeneous tumor accumulation of nanobodies and their fast blood clearance, permitting previously unattainable fast tumor visualization. Moreover, they are endowed with considerable therapeutic potential as inhibitors of receptor-ligand pairs and deliverers of drugs or drug-loaded nanoparticles towards tumors. In this review, we shed light on the current status of nanobodies in diagnosis and imaging of tumor and exploiting nanobodies revert immunosuppressive events, modulation of immune checkpoints, and as deliverers of drugs for targeted tumor therapy.
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Ahirwar R. Recent advances in nanomaterials-based electrochemical immunosensors and aptasensors for HER2 assessment in breast cancer. Mikrochim Acta 2021; 188:317. [PMID: 34476602 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-021-04963-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) is one of the key molecular targets in breast cancer pathogenesis. Overexpression and/or amplification of HER2 in approximately 15-20% of breast cancer patients is associated with high mortality and poor prognosis. Accumulating evidence shows that accurate and sensitive detection of HER2 improves the survival outcomes for HER2-positive breast cancer patients from targeted therapies. The current methods of clinical determination of HER2 expression levels are based on slide-based assays that rely on invasively collected primary tumours. Alternatively, ELISA-based detection of the shredded HER2 extracellular domain (HER2-ECD) of has been suggested as a surrogate method for monitoring disease progress and treatment response in breast cancer patients. In the past decade, biosensors have emerged as an alternative modality for the detection of circulating HER2-ECD in human serum samples. In particular, electrochemical biosensors based on nanomaterials and antibodies and aptamers have been increasingly developed as promising tools for rapid, sensitive, and cost-effective detection of HER2-ECD. These biosensors harness the high affinity and specificity of antibodies and aptamers, and unique conductive properties, biocompatibility, large surface area, and chemical stability of nanomaterials for selective and sensitive assessment of the HER2. This review provides an overview of the recent advances in the application of nanomaterials-based immunosensors and aptasensors for detection of circulating HER2-ECD. In particular, various electrochemical techniques, detection approaches, and nanomaterials are discussed. Further, analytical figures of merit of various HER2 immunosensors and aptasensors are compared. Finally, possible challenges and potential opportunities for biosensor-based detection of HER2-ECD are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Ahirwar
- Department of Environmental Biochemistry, ICMR- National Institute for Research in Environmental Health, Bhopal Bypass Road, Bhauri, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, 462030, India.
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Ahirwar R, Khan N, Kumar S. Aptamer-based sensing of breast cancer biomarkers: a comprehensive review of analytical figures of merit. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2021; 21:703-721. [PMID: 33877005 DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2021.1920397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Accurate determination of the aberrantly expressed biomarkers such as human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), mucin 1 (MUC1), and vascular endothelial growth factor VEGF165 have played an essential role in the clinical management of the breast cancer. Assessment of these cancer-specific biomarkers has conventionally relied on time-taking methods like the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and immunohistochemistry. However, recent development in the aptamer-based diagnostics has allowed developing tools that may substitute the conventional means of biomarker assessment in breast cancer. Adopting the aptamer-based diagnostic tools (aptasensors) to clinical practices will depend on their analytical performance on clinical samples. AREAS COVERED In this review, we provide an overview of the analytical merits of HER2, CEA, PDGF, MUC1, and VEGF165 aptasensors. Scopus and Pubmed databases were searched for studies reporting aptasensor development for the listed breast cancer biomarkers in the past one decade. Linearity, detection limit, and response time are emphasized. EXPERT OPINION In our opinion, aptasensors have proven to be on a par with the antibody-based methods for detection of various breast cancer biomarkers. Though robust validation of the aptasensors on significant sample size is required, their ability to detect pathophysiological range of biomarkers suggest the possibility of future clinical adoption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Ahirwar
- Department of Environmental Biochemistry, ICMR- National Institute for Research in Environmental Health, Bhopal, India
| | - Nabab Khan
- Department of Environmental Biochemistry, ICMR- National Institute for Research in Environmental Health, Bhopal, India
| | - Saroj Kumar
- School of Biosciences, Apeejay Stya University, Gurgaon, India
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13
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Rauf S, Lahcen AA, Aljedaibi A, Beduk T, Ilton de Oliveira Filho J, Salama KN. Gold nanostructured laser-scribed graphene: A new electrochemical biosensing platform for potential point-of-care testing of disease biomarkers. Biosens Bioelectron 2021; 180:113116. [PMID: 33662847 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2021.113116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Improvements in the laser-scribed graphene (LSG)-based electrodes are critical to overcoming limitations of bare LSG electrodes in terms of sensitivity, direct immobilization of detection probes for biosensor fabrication, and ease of integration with point-of-care (POC) devices. Herein, we introduce a new class of nanostructured gold modified LSG (LSG-AuNS) electrochemical sensing system comprising LSG-AuNS working electrode, LSG reference, and LSG counter electrode. LSG-AuNS electrodes are realized by electrodeposition of gold chloride (HAuCl4) solution, which gave~2-fold enhancement in sensitivity and electrocatalytic activity compared to bare LSG electrode and commercially available screen-printed gold electrode (SPAuE). We demonstrate LSG-AuNS electrochemical aptasensor for detecting human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (Her-2) with a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.008 ng/mL and a linear range of 0.1-200 ng/mL. LSG-AuNS-aptasensor can easily detect different concentrations of Her-2 spiked in undiluted human serum. Finally, to show the LSG-AuNS sensor system's potential to develop POC biosensor devices, we integrated LSG-AuNS electrodes with a handheld electrochemical system operated using a custom-developed mobile application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakandar Rauf
- Sensors Lab, Advanced Membranes & Porous Materials Centre (AMPMC). Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering (CEMSE) Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdellatif Ait Lahcen
- Sensors Lab, Advanced Membranes & Porous Materials Centre (AMPMC). Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering (CEMSE) Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman Aljedaibi
- Sensors Lab, Advanced Membranes & Porous Materials Centre (AMPMC). Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering (CEMSE) Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tutku Beduk
- Sensors Lab, Advanced Membranes & Porous Materials Centre (AMPMC). Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering (CEMSE) Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - José Ilton de Oliveira Filho
- Sensors Lab, Advanced Membranes & Porous Materials Centre (AMPMC). Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering (CEMSE) Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khaled N Salama
- Sensors Lab, Advanced Membranes & Porous Materials Centre (AMPMC). Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering (CEMSE) Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia.
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Sensitive sandwich-type voltammetric immunosensor for breast cancer biomarker HER2 detection based on gold nanoparticles decorated Cu-MOF and Cu2ZnSnS4 NPs/Pt/g-C3N4 composite. Mikrochim Acta 2021; 188:78. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-021-04735-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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15
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Centane S, Nyokong T. The antibody assisted detection of HER2 on a cobalt porphyrin binuclear framework and gold functionalized graphene quantum dots modified electrode. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2020.114908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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16
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Bastos-Soares EA, Sousa RMO, Gómez AF, Alfonso J, Kayano AM, Zanchi FB, Funes-Huacca ME, Stábeli RG, Soares AM, Pereira SS, Fernandes CFC. Single domain antibodies in the development of immunosensors for diagnostics. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 165:2244-2252. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.10.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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17
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A compact nanobody-DNAzyme conjugate enables antigen detection and signal amplification. N Biotechnol 2020; 56:1-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2019.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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18
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Saei A, Asfia S, Kouchakzadeh H, Rahmandoust M. Antibody‐modified magnetic nanoparticles as specific high‐efficient cell‐separation agents. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2020; 108:2633-2642. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.34595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Arezoo Saei
- Protein Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University Tehran Iran
| | - Shima Asfia
- Protein Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University Tehran Iran
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Ranganathan V, Srinivasan S, Singh A, DeRosa MC. An aptamer-based colorimetric lateral flow assay for the detection of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2). Anal Biochem 2019; 588:113471. [PMID: 31614117 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2019.113471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Revised: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
An aptamer-based colorimetric lateral flow assay was developed for the detection of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2). In this study, two approaches were examined using HER2 binding aptamers and gold nanoparticles. The first method used was a solution-based adsorption-desorption colorimetric approach wherein aptamers were adsorbed onto the gold nanoparticle surface. Upon the addition of HER2, HER2 binds specifically with its aptamer, releasing the gold nanoparticles. Addition of NaCl then induces the formation of gold nanoparticle aggregates. This leads to a color change from red to blue and a detection limit of 10 nM was achieved. The second method used an adsorption-desorption colorimetric lateral flow assay approach wherein biotin-modified aptamers were adsorbed onto the gold nanoparticle surface in the absence of HER2. In the presence of HER2, HER2 specifically binds with its aptamer leading to release of the gold nanoparticles. These solutions were applied to the lateral flow assay format and a detection limit of 20 nM was achieved. Both colorimetric and lateral flow assays are inexpensive, simple, rapid to perform and produce results visible to the naked-eye.
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Affiliation(s)
- Velu Ranganathan
- Department of Chemistry, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Sathya Srinivasan
- Department of Chemistry, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada; Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioscience and Technology, VIT Vellore, Vellore, 632 104, TN, India
| | - Aryan Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Maria C DeRosa
- Department of Chemistry, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada.
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20
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Freitas M, Neves MMPS, Nouws HPA, Delerue-Matos C. Quantum dots as nanolabels for breast cancer biomarker HER2-ECD analysis in human serum. Talanta 2019; 208:120430. [PMID: 31816682 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.120430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Early detection of cancer increases the possibility for an adequate and successful treatment of the disease. Therefore, in this work, a disposable electrochemical immunosensor for the front-line detection of the ExtraCellular Domain of the Human Epidermal growth factor Receptor 2 (HER2-ECD), a breast cancer biomarker, in a simple and efficient manner is presented. Bare screen-printed carbon electrodes were selected as the transducer onto which a sandwich immunoassay was developed. The affinity process was detected through the use of an electroactive label, core/shell CdSe@ZnS Quantum Dots, by differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry in a total time assay of 2 h, with an actual hands-on time of less than 30 min. The proposed immunosensor responded linearly to HER2-ECD concentration within a wide range (10-150 ng/mL), showing acceptable precision and a limit of detection (2.1 ng/mL, corresponding to a detected amount (sample volume = 40 μL) of 1.18 fmol) which is about 7 times lower than the established cut-off value (15 ng/mL). The usefulness of the developed methodology was tested through the analysis of spiked human serum samples. The reliability of the presented biosensor for the selective screening of HER2-ECD was confirmed by analysing another breast cancer biomarker (CA15-3) and several human serum proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Freitas
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Politécnico do Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida 431, 4200-072, Porto, Portugal
| | - Marta M P S Neves
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Politécnico do Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida 431, 4200-072, Porto, Portugal
| | - Henri P A Nouws
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Politécnico do Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida 431, 4200-072, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Cristina Delerue-Matos
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Politécnico do Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida 431, 4200-072, Porto, Portugal
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Augustine S, Kumar P, Malhotra BD. Amine-Functionalized MoO3@RGO Nanohybrid-Based Biosensor for Breast Cancer Detection. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2019; 2:5366-5378. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.9b00659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shine Augustine
- Nanobioelectronics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, Delhi, 110042 India
| | - Pragati Kumar
- Administrative Supervisor, Department of Electrical Engineering, Delhi Technological University, Delhi, 110042 India
| | - Bansi D. Malhotra
- Nanobioelectronics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, Delhi, 110042 India
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22
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Lah ZMANH, Ahmad SAA, Zaini MS, Kamarudin MA. An Electrochemical Sandwich Immunosensor for the Detection of HER2 using Antibody-Conjugated PbS Quantum Dot as a label. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2019; 174:608-617. [PMID: 31265987 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2019.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
A facile electrochemical sandwich immunosensor for the detection of a breast cancer biomarker, the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), was designed, using lead sulfide quantum dots-conjugated secondary HER2 antibody (Ab2-PbS QDs) as a label. Using Ab2-PbS QDs in the development of electrochemical immunoassays leads to many advantages such as straightforward synthesis and well-defined stripping signal of Pb(II) through acid dissolution, which in turn yields better sensing performance for the sandwiched immunosensor. In the bioconjugation of PbS QDs, the available amine and hydroxyl groups from secondary anti-HER2 and capped PbS QDs were bound covalently together via carbonyldiimidazole (CDI) acting as a linker. In order to quantify the biomarker, SWV signal was obtained, where the Pb2+ ions after acid dissolution in HCl was detected. The plated mercury film SPCE was also detected in situ. Under optimal conditions, HER2 was detected in a linear range from 1-100 ng/mL with a limit of detection of 0.28 ng/mL. The measures of satisfactory recoveries were 91.3% to 104.3% for the spiked samples, displaying high selectivity. Therefore, this method can be applied to determine HER2 in human serum.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shahrul Ainliah Alang Ahmad
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; Institute of Advanced Technology (ITMA), Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, 43400, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Muhammad Safwan Zaini
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mazliana Ahmad Kamarudin
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
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23
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Jarczewska M, Trojan A, Gągała M, Malinowska E. Studies on the Affinity‐based Biosensors for Electrochemical Detection of HER2 Cancer Biomarker. ELECTROANAL 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201900041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marta Jarczewska
- The Chair of Medical BiotechnologyFaculty of ChemistryWarsaw University of Technology Noakowskiego 3 00-664 Warsaw Poland
| | - Anita Trojan
- The Chair of Medical BiotechnologyFaculty of ChemistryWarsaw University of Technology Noakowskiego 3 00-664 Warsaw Poland
| | - Małgorzata Gągała
- The Chair of Medical BiotechnologyFaculty of ChemistryWarsaw University of Technology Noakowskiego 3 00-664 Warsaw Poland
| | - Elżbieta Malinowska
- The Chair of Medical BiotechnologyFaculty of ChemistryWarsaw University of Technology Noakowskiego 3 00-664 Warsaw Poland
- Centre for Advanced Materials and Technologies CEZAMAT Poleczki 19 02-822 Warsaw Poland
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24
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Ou D, Sun D, Lin X, Liang Z, Zhong Y, Chen Z. A dual-aptamer-based biosensor for specific detection of breast cancer biomarker HER2 via flower-like nanozymes and DNA nanostructures. J Mater Chem B 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9tb00472f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
A dual-aptamer electrochemical biosensor based on flower-like nanozymes and DNA nanostructures was fabricated for detection of breast cancer biomarker HER2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Ou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Sun Yat-Sen University
- Guangzhou 510006
- China
| | - Duanping Sun
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Sun Yat-Sen University
- Guangzhou 510006
- China
- Center for Drug Research and Development
| | - Xiangan Lin
- Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital
- Sun Yat-Sen University
- Guangzhou 510120
- China
| | - Zhixian Liang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Sun Yat-Sen University
- Guangzhou 510006
- China
| | - Yongsheng Zhong
- East Campus Lab Center
- Sun Yat-Sen University
- Guangzhou 510006
- China
| | - Zuanguang Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Sun Yat-Sen University
- Guangzhou 510006
- China
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25
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A label-free and reagentless immunoelectrode for antibodies against hepatitis B core antigen (anti-HBc) detection. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2018; 172:272-279. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2018.08.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Revised: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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26
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Recent Advances in Enhancement Strategies for Electrochemical ELISA-Based Immunoassays for Cancer Biomarker Detection. SENSORS 2018; 18:s18072010. [PMID: 29932161 PMCID: PMC6069457 DOI: 10.3390/s18072010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2018] [Revised: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Electrochemical enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)-based immunoassays for cancer biomarker detection have recently attracted much interest owing to their higher sensitivity, amplification of signal, ease of handling, potential for automation and combination with miniaturized analytical systems, low cost and comparative simplicity for mass production. Their developments have considerably improved the sensitivity required for detection of low concentrations of cancer biomarkers present in bodily fluids in the early stages of the disease. Recently, various attempts have been made in their development and several methods and processes have been described for their development, amplification strategies and testing. The present review mainly focuses on the development of ELISA-based electrochemical immunosensors that may be utilized for cancer diagnosis, prognosis and therapy monitoring. Various fabrication methods and signal enhancement strategies utilized during the last few years for the development of ELISA-based electrochemical immunosensors are described.
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Johari-Ahar M, Karami P, Ghanei M, Afkhami A, Bagheri H. Development of a molecularly imprinted polymer tailored on disposable screen-printed electrodes for dual detection of EGFR and VEGF using nano-liposomal amplification strategy. Biosens Bioelectron 2018; 107:26-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2018.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Revised: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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28
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Freitas M, Nouws HPA, Delerue-Matos C. Electrochemical Biosensing in Cancer Diagnostics and Follow-up. ELECTROANAL 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201800193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Freitas
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto; Politécnico do Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida; 4200-072 Porto Portugal
| | - Henri P. A. Nouws
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto; Politécnico do Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida; 4200-072 Porto Portugal
| | - Cristina Delerue-Matos
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto; Politécnico do Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida; 4200-072 Porto Portugal
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29
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A sandwich-type electrochemical immunosensor based on in situ silver deposition for determination of serum level of HER2 in breast cancer patients. Biosens Bioelectron 2018; 103:54-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2017.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2017] [Revised: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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30
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Recent advances in design of electrochemical affinity biosensors for low level detection of cancer protein biomarkers using nanomaterial-assisted signal enhancement strategies. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2018; 147:185-210. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2017.07.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Revised: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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31
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Development of screen-printed electrode based immunosensor for the detection of HER2 antigen in human serum samples. Bioelectrochemistry 2017; 118:25-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2017.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2017] [Revised: 06/15/2017] [Accepted: 06/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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32
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Arya SK, Zhurauski P, Jolly P, Batistuti MR, Mulato M, Estrela P. Capacitive aptasensor based on interdigitated electrode for breast cancer detection in undiluted human serum. Biosens Bioelectron 2017; 102:106-112. [PMID: 29127898 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2017.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2017] [Revised: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
We report the development of a simple and powerful capacitive aptasensor for the detection and estimation of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), a biomarker for breast cancer, in undiluted serum. The study involves the incorporation of interdigitated gold electrodes, which were used to prepare the electrochemical platform. A thiol terminated DNA aptamer with affinity for HER2 was used to prepare the bio-recognition layer via self-assembly on interdigitated gold surfaces. Non-specific binding was prevented by blocking free spaces on surface via starting block phosphate buffer saline-tween20 blocker. The sensor was characterized using cyclic voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), atomic force microscopy and contact angle studies. Non-Faradic EIS measurements were utilized to investigate the sensor performance via monitoring of the changes in capacitance. The aptasensor exhibited logarithmically detection of HER2 from 1pM to 100nM in both buffer and undiluted serum with limits of detection lower than 1pM. The results pave the way to develop other aptamer-based biosensors for protein biomarkers detection in undiluted serum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil K Arya
- Department of Electronic & Electrical Engineering, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom.
| | - Pavel Zhurauski
- Department of Electronic & Electrical Engineering, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
| | - Pawan Jolly
- Department of Electronic & Electrical Engineering, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
| | - Marina R Batistuti
- Department of Physics, University of São Paulo, 14040-901 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Mulato
- Department of Physics, University of São Paulo, 14040-901 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Pedro Estrela
- Department of Electronic & Electrical Engineering, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom.
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Rajamanickam V, Krippl M, Herwig C, Spadiut O. An automated data-driven DSP development approach for glycoproteins from yeast. Electrophoresis 2017; 38:2886-2891. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201700229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Revised: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vignesh Rajamanickam
- Research Division Biochemical Engineering; Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Biological Engineering; TU Wien Vienna Austria
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Mechanistic and Physiological Methods for Improved Bioprocesses; Institute of Chemical; Environmental and Biological Engineering; TU Wien Vienna Austria
| | - Maximillian Krippl
- Research Division Biochemical Engineering; Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Biological Engineering; TU Wien Vienna Austria
| | - Christoph Herwig
- Research Division Biochemical Engineering; Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Biological Engineering; TU Wien Vienna Austria
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Mechanistic and Physiological Methods for Improved Bioprocesses; Institute of Chemical; Environmental and Biological Engineering; TU Wien Vienna Austria
| | - Oliver Spadiut
- Research Division Biochemical Engineering; Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Biological Engineering; TU Wien Vienna Austria
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Mechanistic and Physiological Methods for Improved Bioprocesses; Institute of Chemical; Environmental and Biological Engineering; TU Wien Vienna Austria
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Huang R, Chen Z, He L, He N, Xi Z, Li Z, Deng Y, Zeng X. Mass spectrometry-assisted gel-based proteomics in cancer biomarker discovery: approaches and application. Theranostics 2017; 7:3559-3572. [PMID: 28912895 PMCID: PMC5596443 DOI: 10.7150/thno.20797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a critical need for the discovery of novel biomarkers for early detection and targeted therapy of cancer, a major cause of deaths worldwide. In this respect, proteomic technologies, such as mass spectrometry (MS), enable the identification of pathologically significant proteins in various types of samples. MS is capable of high-throughput profiling of complex biological samples including blood, tissues, urine, milk, and cells. MS-assisted proteomics has contributed to the development of cancer biomarkers that may form the foundation for new clinical tests. It can also aid in elucidating the molecular mechanisms underlying cancer. In this review, we discuss MS principles and instrumentation as well as approaches in MS-based proteomics, which have been employed in the development of potential biomarkers. Furthermore, the challenges in validation of MS biomarkers for their use in clinical practice are also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongrong Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Zhongsi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Lei He
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Nongyue He
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
- Economical Forest Cultivation and Utilization of 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center in Hunan Province, Hunan Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Application of Biological Nanotechnology; Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, China
| | - Zhijiang Xi
- School of Medicine, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, China
| | - Zhiyang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Yan Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
- Economical Forest Cultivation and Utilization of 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center in Hunan Province, Hunan Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Application of Biological Nanotechnology; Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, China
| | - Xin Zeng
- Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Medical Institute, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210004, China
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Sinibaldi A, Sampaoli C, Danz N, Munzert P, Sonntag F, Centola F, Occhicone A, Tremante E, Giacomini P, Michelotti F. Bloch Surface Waves Biosensors for High Sensitivity Detection of Soluble ERBB2 in a Complex Biological Environment. BIOSENSORS-BASEL 2017; 7:bios7030033. [PMID: 28817097 PMCID: PMC5618039 DOI: 10.3390/bios7030033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Revised: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
We report on the use of one-dimensional photonic crystals to detect clinically relevant concentrations of the cancer biomarker ERBB2 in cell lysates. Overexpression of the ERBB2 protein is associated with aggressive breast cancer subtypes. To detect soluble ERBB2, we developed an optical set-up which operates in both label-free and fluorescence modes. The detection approach makes use of a sandwich assay, in which the one-dimensional photonic crystals sustaining Bloch surface waves are modified with monoclonal antibodies, in order to guarantee high specificity during the biological recognition. We present the results of exemplary protein G based label-free assays in complex biological matrices, reaching an estimated limit of detection of 0.5 ng/mL. On-chip and chip-to-chip variability of the results is addressed too, providing repeatability rates. Moreover, results on fluorescence operation demonstrate the capability to perform high sensitive cancer biomarker assays reaching a resolution of 0.6 ng/mL, without protein G assistance. The resolution obtained in both modes meets international guidelines and recommendations (15 ng/mL) for ERBB2 quantification assays, providing an alternative tool to phenotype and diagnose molecular cancer subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Sinibaldi
- Department of Basic and Applied Science for Engineering, Sapienza University of Rome, Via A. Scarpa 16, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Camilla Sampaoli
- Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Via E. Chianesi 53, 00144 Rome, Italy.
| | - Norbert Danz
- Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Optics and Precision Engineering IOF, Albert-Einstein-Str. 7, 07745 Jena, Germany.
| | - Peter Munzert
- Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Optics and Precision Engineering IOF, Albert-Einstein-Str. 7, 07745 Jena, Germany.
| | - Frank Sonntag
- Fraunhofer Institute for Material and Beam Technology IWS, Winterbergstr. 28, 01277 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Fabio Centola
- IBI-Istituto Biochimico Italiano Giovanni Lorenzini Spa, Via Fossignano 2, 04011 Aprilia, Italy.
| | - Agostino Occhicone
- Department of Basic and Applied Science for Engineering, Sapienza University of Rome, Via A. Scarpa 16, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Elisa Tremante
- Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Via E. Chianesi 53, 00144 Rome, Italy.
| | - Patrizio Giacomini
- Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Via E. Chianesi 53, 00144 Rome, Italy.
| | - Francesco Michelotti
- Department of Basic and Applied Science for Engineering, Sapienza University of Rome, Via A. Scarpa 16, 00161 Rome, Italy.
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Abstract
Biosensors that depend on a physical or chemical measurement can be adversely affected by non-specific interactions. For example, a biosensor designed to measure specifically the levels of a rare analyte can give false positive results if there is even a small amount of interaction with a highly abundant but irrelevant molecule. To overcome this limitation, the biosensor community has frequently turned to antibody molecules as recognition elements because they are renowned for their exquisite specificity. Unfortunately antibodies can often fail when immobilised on inorganic surfaces, and alternative biological recognition elements are needed. This article reviews the available non-antibody-binding proteins that have been successfully used in electrical and micro-mechanical biosensor platforms.
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Detection of soluble ERBB2 in breast cancer cell lysates using a combined label-free/fluorescence platform based on Bloch surface waves. Biosens Bioelectron 2017; 92:125-130. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2017.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Revised: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Tabasi A, Noorbakhsh A, Sharifi E. Reduced graphene oxide-chitosan-aptamer interface as new platform for ultrasensitive detection of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2. Biosens Bioelectron 2017; 95:117-123. [PMID: 28433858 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2017.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2017] [Revised: 04/15/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The present work describes an ultrasensitive electrochemical aptamer-based assay for detection of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 protein (HER2) cancer biomarker as a model analyte. Results show that the reduced graphene oxide-chitosan (rGO-Chit) film as a suitable electrode material possesses great favorable properties including high homogeneity, good stability, large surface area and high fraction of amine groups as aptamer binding sites. Various steps of aptasensor fabrication were characterized using microscopic, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDAX), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and electrochemical techniques. Using methylene blue (MB) as an electrochemical probe and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) technique, two linear concentration ranges of 0.5-2ngml-1 and 2-75ngml-1 were obtained with a high sensitivity of 0.14μAng-1ml and a very low detection limit of 0.21ngml-1 (very lower than the clinical cut-off). The fabricated aptasensor showed excellent selectivity for detection of HER2 in complex matrix of human serum samples. The sensitive detection of HER2 can be attributed to the multiple signal amplification of MB during its accumulation to the modified electrode surface via both affinity interaction to aptamer molecules and electrostatic adsorption to the HER2 analyte as well as high charge transfer kinetic properties of the applied rGO-Chit film. The rapid and simple preparation of the proposed aptasensor as well as its high selectivity, stability and reproducibility provided a promising protocol for non-invasive diagnosis for various points of care application. The proposed aptasensor showed excellent analytical performance in comparison with current HER2 biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arezoo Tabasi
- Department of Nanotechnology Engineering, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan 81746-73441, Iran
| | - Abdollah Noorbakhsh
- Department of Nanotechnology Engineering, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan 81746-73441, Iran.
| | - Ensiyeh Sharifi
- Department of Nanotechnology Engineering, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan 81746-73441, Iran
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39
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Design of an Affibody-Based Recognition Strategy for Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 (HER2) Detection by Electrochemical Biosensors. CHEMOSENSORS 2016. [DOI: 10.3390/chemosensors4040023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Nikkhoi SK, Rahbarizadeh F, Ahmadvand D. Oligo-clonal nanobodies as an innovative targeting agent for cancer therapy: New biology and novel targeting systems. Protein Expr Purif 2016; 129:115-121. [PMID: 27693491 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2016.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2016] [Revised: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Variable heavy chain of HcAb (VHH), the smallest intact antibody fragment, possesses sub-nanomolar affinity to antigens. In spite of conventional antibodies, these fragments recognize concave and linear epitopes. VHHs are one the best weapon for targeted drug delivery in nanomedicine and biopharmaceutics. HER2 is overexpressed in 20-25% of breast and ovarian cancers. For many reasons, HER2 is a prominent target for drug delivery to breast tumor. In this study, we designed a robust prokaryotic expression system to express functional VHHs against HER2 receptor. This system showed high recombinant yields besides purified VHHs flow cytometry verified great capabilities of these molecules to pinpoint ecto-domain of HER2 receptor in MC4L2 HER2+ while insignificant non-specific binding to MC4L2 HER2-confirm nanobodies trivial cross-reaction. In the next step, we evaluated cooperative effect of four distinctive VHHs (oligoclonal VHHs) targeting different epitopes on HER2. As our result proved, using oligoclonal nanobodies as targeting moiety enhance targeting efficacy in comparison with monoclonal VHH.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fatemeh Rahbarizadeh
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Davoud Ahmadvand
- School of Allied Medical Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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41
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Laocharoensuk R. Development of Electrochemical Immunosensors towards Point-of-care Cancer Diagnostics: Clinically Relevant Studies. ELECTROANAL 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201600248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rawiwan Laocharoensuk
- National Nanotechnology Center (NANOTEC); National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA); Pathum Thani 12120 Thailand
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42
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Van Audenhove I, Gettemans J. Nanobodies as Versatile Tools to Understand, Diagnose, Visualize and Treat Cancer. EBioMedicine 2016; 8:40-48. [PMID: 27428417 PMCID: PMC4919472 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2016.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Revised: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Since their discovery, nanobodies have been used extensively in the fields of research, diagnostics and therapy. These antigen binding fragments, originating from Camelid heavy-chain antibodies, possess unusual hallmarks in terms of (small) size, stability, solubility and specificity, hence allowing cost-effective production and sometimes outperforming monoclonal antibodies. In this review, we evaluate the current status of nanobodies to study, diagnose, visualize or inhibit cancer-specific proteins and processes. Nanobodies are highly adaptable tools for cancer research as they enable specific modulation of targets, enzymatic and non-enzymatic proteins alike. Molecular imaging studies benefit from the rapid, homogeneous tumor accumulation of nanobodies and their fast blood clearance, permitting previously unattainable fast tumor visualization. Moreover, they are endowed with considerable therapeutic potential as inhibitors of receptor-ligand pairs and deliverers of drugs or drug-loaded nanoparticles towards tumors. More in vivo and clinical studies are however eagerly awaited to unleash their full potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Van Audenhove
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Belgium
| | - Jan Gettemans
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Belgium.
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Baydemir G, Bettazzi F, Palchetti I, Voccia D. Strategies for the development of an electrochemical bioassay for TNF-alpha detection by using a non-immunoglobulin bioreceptor. Talanta 2016; 151:141-147. [PMID: 26946021 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2016.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Revised: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
TNF-α is an inflammatory cytokine produced by the immune system. Serum TNF-α level is elevated in some pathological states such as septic shock, graft rejection, HIV infection, neurodegenerative diseases, rheumatoid arthritis and cancer. Detecting trace amount of TNF-α is, also, very important for the understanding of tumor biological processes. Detection of this key biomarker is commonly achieved by use of ELISA or cytofluorimetric based methods. In this study the traditional optical detection was replaced by differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) and an affinity molecule, produced by evolutionary approaches, has been tested as capture bioreceptor. This molecule, namely a combinatorial non-immunoglobulin protein (Affibody®) interacts with TNF-α selectively and was here tested in a sandwich assay format. Moreover magnetic beads were used as support for bioreceptor immobilization and screen printed carbon electrodes were used as transducers. TNF-α calibration curve was performed, obtaining the detection limit of 38pg/mL, the quantification range of 76-5000pg/mL and RSD%=7. Preliminary results of serum samples analysis were also reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gozde Baydemir
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Firenze, Italy; Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry Division, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Francesca Bettazzi
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Firenze, Italy
| | - Ilaria Palchetti
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Firenze, Italy.
| | - Diego Voccia
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Firenze, Italy
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44
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Recent developments, characteristics and potential applications of screen-printed electrodes in pharmaceutical and biological analysis. Talanta 2016; 146:801-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2015.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2015] [Revised: 05/07/2015] [Accepted: 06/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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45
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Nur Topkaya S, Ozkan-Ariksoysal D. Prostate Cancer Biomarker Detection with Carbon Nanotubes Modified Screen Printed Electrodes. ELECTROANAL 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201501003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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46
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A label-free electrochemical affisensor for cancer marker detection: The case of HER2. Bioelectrochemistry 2015; 106:268-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2015.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2015] [Revised: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 07/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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47
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Martín-Yerga D, Costa-García A. Towards a blocking-free electrochemical immunosensing strategy for anti-transglutaminase antibodies using screen-printed electrodes. Bioelectrochemistry 2015; 105:88-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2015.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2015] [Revised: 05/20/2015] [Accepted: 05/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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48
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Eletxigerra U, Martinez-Perdiguero J, Merino S, Barderas R, Torrente-Rodríguez R, Villalonga R, Pingarrón J, Campuzano S. Amperometric magnetoimmunosensor for ErbB2 breast cancer biomarker determination in human serum, cell lysates and intact breast cancer cells. Biosens Bioelectron 2015; 70:34-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2015.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2015] [Revised: 03/02/2015] [Accepted: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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49
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Arkan E, Saber R, Karimi Z, Shamsipur M. A novel antibody–antigen based impedimetric immunosensor for low level detection of HER2 in serum samples of breast cancer patients via modification of a gold nanoparticles decorated multiwall carbon nanotube-ionic liquid electrode. Anal Chim Acta 2015; 874:66-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2015.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2014] [Revised: 03/10/2015] [Accepted: 03/13/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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50
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Krainer FW, Glieder A. An updated view on horseradish peroxidases: recombinant production and biotechnological applications. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2015; 99:1611-25. [PMID: 25575885 PMCID: PMC4322221 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-014-6346-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2014] [Revised: 12/19/2014] [Accepted: 12/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Horseradish peroxidase has been the subject of scientific research for centuries. It has been used exhaustively as reporter enzyme in diagnostics and histochemistry and still plays a major role in these applications. Numerous studies have been conducted on the role of horseradish peroxidase in the plant and its catalytic mechanism. However, little progress has been made in its recombinant production. Until now, commercial preparations of horseradish peroxidase are still isolated from plant roots. These preparations are commonly mixtures of various isoenzymes of which only a small fraction has been described so far. The composition of isoenzymes in these mixed isolates is subjected to uncontrollable environmental conditions. Nowadays, horseradish peroxidase regains interest due to its broad applicability in the fields of medicine, life sciences, and biotechnology in cancer therapy, biosensor systems, bioremediation, and biocatalysis. These medically and commercially relevant applications, the recent discovery of new natural isoenzymes with different biochemical properties, as well as the challenges in recombinant production render this enzyme particularly interesting for future biotechnological solutions. Therefore, we reviewed previous studies as well as current developments with biotechnological emphasis on new applications and the major remaining biotechnological challenge—the efficient recombinant production of horseradish peroxidase enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian W Krainer
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, NAWI Graz, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 14, 8010, Graz, Austria,
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