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Analysis of the Status and Improvement of Microalgal Phosphorus Removal from Municipal Wastewater. Processes (Basel) 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/pr9091486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphorus, as one of the main pollutants in municipal sewage, has received increasing attention recently. Phosphorus recovery also increases the sustainable development of municipal wastewater. Since algae have the ability to effectively redirect nutrients, including phosphorus, from municipal sewage to algae biomass, municipal sewage treatments involving microalgae have piqued the interest of many researchers. The phosphorus removal depends on the potential of the microalgae to absorb, preserve, or degrade phosphorus in municipal wastewater. It is, therefore, of great interest to study the mechanisms underlying the absorption, storage, and degradation of phosphorus by microalgae to ensure the viability of this phosphorus removal process in wastewater. The objectives of this review were to summarize phosphorus metabolism in microalgae, examine key external and internal factors impacting phosphorous removal by microalgae from wastewater, and examine the status of phosphorous-metabolism-related research to improve our understanding of microalgae-based municipal wastewater treatments. In addition, the methods of recovery of microalgae after phosphorous removal were summarized to ensure the sustainability of municipal wastewater treatment. Finally, a potential approach using nanomaterials was proposed to enhance the overall phosphorous removal performance in municipal wastewater through the addition of nanoparticles such as magnesium and iron.
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Nanomolar phosphate supply and its recycling drive net community production in the subtropical North Pacific. Nat Commun 2021; 12:3462. [PMID: 34103533 PMCID: PMC8187552 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-23837-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Seasonal drawdown of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) in the subtropical upper ocean makes a significant contribution to net community production (NCP) globally. Although NCP requires macronutrient supply, surface macronutrients are chronically depleted, and their supply has been unable to balance the NCP demand. Here, we report nanomolar increases in surface nitrate plus nitrite (N+N, ~20 nM) and phosphate (PO4, ~15 nM) from summer to winter in the western subtropical North Pacific. Molar ratios of upward fluxes of DIC:N+N:PO4 to the euphotic zone (< 100 m) were in near-stoichiometric balance with microbial C:N:P ratios (107~243:16~35:1). Comparison of these upward influxes with other atmospheric and marine sources demonstrated that total supply is largely driven by the other sources for C and N (93~96%), but not for P (10%), suggesting that nanomolar upward supply of P and its preferential recycling play a vital role in sustaining the NCP.
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Azam HM, Alam ST, Hasan M, Yameogo DDS, Kannan AD, Rahman A, Kwon MJ. Phosphorous in the environment: characteristics with distribution and effects, removal mechanisms, treatment technologies, and factors affecting recovery as minerals in natural and engineered systems. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:20183-20207. [PMID: 31119535 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-04732-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorus (P), an essential element for living cells, is present in different soluble and adsorbed chemical forms found in soil, sediment, and water. Most species are generally immobile and easily adsorbed onto soil particles. However, P is a major concern owing to its serious environmental effects (e.g., eutrophication, scale formation) when found in excess in natural or engineered environments. Commercial chemicals, fertilizers, sewage effluent, animal manure, and agricultural waste are the major sources of P pollution. But there is limited P resources worldwide. Therefore, the fate, effects, and transport of P in association with its removal, treatment, and recycling in natural and engineered systems are important. P removal and recycling technologies utilize different types of physical, biological, and chemical processes. Moreover, P minerals (struvite, vivianite, etc.) can precipitate and form scales in drinking water and wastewater systems. Hence, P minerals (e.g., struvite, vivianite etc.) are problems when left uncontrolled and unmonitored although their recovery is beneficial (e.g., slow release fertilizers, sustainable P sources, soil enhancers). Sources like wastewater, human waste, waste nutrient solution, etc. can be used for P recycling. This review paper extensively summarizes the importance and distribution of P in different environmental compartments, the effects of P in natural and engineered systems, P removal mechanisms through treatment, and recycling technologies specially focusing on various types of phosphate mineral precipitation. In particular, the factors controlling mineral (e.g., struvite and vivianite) precipitation in natural and engineered systems are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossain M Azam
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Manhattan College, 3825 Corlear Avenue, Riverdale, Bronx, NY, 10471, USA.
| | - Seemi Tasnim Alam
- Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), 679 Saimdang-ro, Gangneungsi, Gangwon-do, 25451, South Korea
- University of Science and Technology, 176 Gajeong-dong, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Mahmudul Hasan
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The George Washington University, 800 22nd Street, NW, Washington, DC, 20052, USA
| | - Djigui David Stéphane Yameogo
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Manhattan College, 3825 Corlear Avenue, Riverdale, Bronx, NY, 10471, USA
| | - Arvind Damodara Kannan
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Manhattan College, 3825 Corlear Avenue, Riverdale, Bronx, NY, 10471, USA
| | - Arifur Rahman
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The George Washington University, 800 22nd Street, NW, Washington, DC, 20052, USA
- Freese and Nichols, Inc., 2711 N Haskell Avenue, Suite 3300, Dallas, TX, 75204, USA
| | - Man Jae Kwon
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, South Korea.
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Wang X, Wei J, Bai N, Cha H, Cao C, Zheng K, Liu Y. The phosphorus fractions and adsorption-desorption characteristics in the Wuliangsuhai Lake, China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:20648-20661. [PMID: 29752671 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-2233-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The phosphorus (P) fractions and adsorption-desorption characteristics in the Wuliangsuhai Lake were investigated through molybdenum blue/ascorbic acid method and indoor simulation experiments, respectively. The results showed that the highest total phosphorus concentration in overlying water (W-TP) was found in S1 which was in the hypereutrophic type. The mean concentration of particulate organic phosphorus (POP) was the most abundant P fraction (31.35% of the W-TP). The results of TP contents in sediments (S-TP) indicated that the most sampling sites were in the mild level of pollution. The contents of calcium-bound P (HCl-P) and residual P (Res-P) fractions together comprised 83.03-98.10% of the S-TP. Pseudo-second-order models fitted well with the adsorption-desorption kinetic of P fractions. The Langmuir and Freundlich models well described the adsorption isotherm of P fractions. The results of adsorption-desorption of P fractions indicated that the adsorption capacity was strong, the chemical adsorption was dominant, and the sediments was a source of P. Accordingly, we concluded that the Wuliangsuhai Lake was in the moderate pollution level, and the sediments as a source could desorb P in natural aquatic environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinglei Wang
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Jinxing Wei
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Na Bai
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Hancaicike Cha
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Can Cao
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Kexuan Zheng
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Ying Liu
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China.
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Food Environment and Public Health, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China.
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Qi T, Su Z, Jin Y, Ge Y, Guo H, Zhao H, Xu J, Jin Q, Zhao J. Electrochemical oxidizing digestion using PbO2electrode for total phosphorus determination in a water sample. RSC Adv 2018; 8:6206-6211. [PMID: 35540393 PMCID: PMC9078290 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra00220g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Total phosphorus is one of the key water quality parameters in environmental monitoring. To precisely determine the total phosphorus, water samples have to be pretreated to convert the various forms of phosphorus to orthophosphate. Conventionally, pretreatment is accomplished by heating, acidification, and oxidation in a digestion equipment, which is dangerous, time-consuming, and complicated. Herein, we propose a novel high-performance electrochemical oxidation protocol for phosphorus digestion based on a PbO2 electrode. The electrode, which has a hydrophobic and stable surface, was prepared by electrochemical deposition on a titanium substrate and has high hydroxyl radical utilization when digesting total phosphorus. As a result, 90% of sodium glycerophosphate was digested within 30 minutes, and high digestion ratios of acephate, glyphosate, and inland water samples were obtained as well. In addition, this electrochemical digestion protocol does not required heating and acidification steps, which shortens the digestion time. Therefore, a rapid quantification of total phosphorus in the water sample was achieved. Using electrochemical oxidation for digestion when testing total phosphorus with a digestion ratio of about 90%.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Qi
- NEST Lab
- Department of Chemistry
- College of Sciences
- Shanghai University
- Shanghai
| | - Ziqi Su
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology
- Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology
- Chinese Academy of Science
- Shanghai 200050
- P. R. China
| | - Yan Jin
- College of Sciences
- Shanghai Institute of Technology
- Shanghai 201418
- P. R. China
| | - Yuqing Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology
- Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology
- Chinese Academy of Science
- Shanghai 200050
- P. R. China
| | - Hui Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology
- Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology
- Chinese Academy of Science
- Shanghai 200050
- P. R. China
| | - Hui Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology
- Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology
- Chinese Academy of Science
- Shanghai 200050
- P. R. China
| | - Jiaqiang Xu
- NEST Lab
- Department of Chemistry
- College of Sciences
- Shanghai University
- Shanghai
| | - Qinghui Jin
- NEST Lab
- Department of Chemistry
- College of Sciences
- Shanghai University
- Shanghai
| | - Jianlong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology
- Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology
- Chinese Academy of Science
- Shanghai 200050
- P. R. China
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