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Pelissier-Alicot AL, Ameline A, Kintz P, Adalian P, Leonetti G. Hair analysis in postmortem investigations: Case of a skeletonized body. Drug Test Anal 2024. [PMID: 38243699 DOI: 10.1002/dta.3649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
Analysis of hair collected from putrefied or skeletal bodies is always complex and must take into account several pitfalls, such as external contamination and contamination by biological fluids. This work presents a case of particular complexity. A skeletonized body was discovered on a country road. A tuft of brown hair, detached from the scalp, irregular in length, non-oriented, in contact with soil and vegetation, was removed. An anthropological examination was carried out and genetic samples were taken from the right femoral shaft. After about 10 washes with warm water and dichloromethane, the tuft of hair was analyzed without segmentation. General unknown screening was performed by liquid chromatography system coupled to a high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) after incubation in pH 9.5 borate buffer and liquid-liquid extraction. Specific Multiple Reaction Monitoring (MRM) methods for date rape drugs were carried out by liquid chromatography system coupled to a tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The anthropological examination allowed to determine that the victim was a female individual, over 60 years old, the death dating from 3 months to 1 year. Comparison of the DNA results with the Missing Persons Index led to the identification, a 60-year-old woman who disappeared 5 months earlier. Hair analysis showed the presence of oxazepam (361 pg/mg), nordiazepam (54 pg/mg), and alimemazine (5 pg/mg). The interpretation of these concentrations is extremely difficult due to the risk of degradation of the hair cuticle during prolonged stay in the soil, as well as of contamination by putrefactive fluids. The authors discuss the value of using multiple biological and non-biological matrices in this context to improve the interpretation of the results.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Pascal Kintz
- Institut de Médecine Légale, Strasbourg, France
- X-Pertise Consulting, Mittelhausbergen, France
| | | | - Georges Leonetti
- Service de Médecine Légale, Aix Marseille Univ, APHM, Hôpital La Timone, Marseille, France
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Kumar S, Darshan S, Baggi TR. Recent Advances in Analytical Techniques for Antidepressants Determination in Complex Biological Matrices: A Review. Int J Toxicol 2023:10915818221150779. [PMID: 36630687 DOI: 10.1177/10915818221150779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Depression is one of the most prevalent but severe of mental disorders, affecting thousands of individuals across the globe. Depression, in its most extreme form, may result in self-harm and an increased likelihood of suicide. Antidepressant drugs are first-line medications to treat mental disorders. Unfortunately, these medications are also prescribed for other in- and off-label conditions, such as deficit/hyperactivity disorders, attention disorders, migraine, smoking cessation, eating disorders, fibromyalgia, pain, and insomnia. This results in an increase in the use of antidepressant medications, leading to clinical and forensic overdose cases that could be either accidental or deliberate. The findings revealed that people who used antidepressants had a 33% greater chance of dying sooner than expected, compared to those who did not take the medications. Analytical techniques for precisely identifying and detecting antidepressants and their metabolic products in a variety of biological matrices are greatly needed to be developed and made available. Hence, this study attempts to discuss various analytical techniques used to identify and determine antidepressants in various biological matrices, which include urine, blood, oral fluid (saliva), and tissues, which are commonly encountered in clinical and forensic science laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachil Kumar
- Department of Life Sciences, 119667CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Bengaluru, India
| | - Siddaraj Darshan
- Department of Life Sciences, 119667CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Bengaluru, India
| | - Tulsidas R Baggi
- Director (Retd.), Central Forensic Science Laboratory, Ministry of Home Affairs, Govt. of India, Ramanthapur, Hyderabad, India.,Formerly Academic Coordinator (Forensic Science), University College of Science, 28552Osmania University, Hyderabad, India
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Świądro-Piętoń M, Chromiec A, Zawadzki M, Wietecha-Posłuszny R. The DI-SPME Method for Determination of Selected Narcotics and Their Metabolites, and Application to Bone Marrow and Whole Blood Analysis. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27134116. [PMID: 35807361 PMCID: PMC9268437 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27134116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The present investigation utilised the quick and easy SPME/LC-MS method to determine selected narcotic substances and their metabolites in whole blood. The study included qualitative analysis and validation of the method. Analytes were determined in the linearity range of 25−300 ng/mL. The precision during and between days (in general CV < 13.41%), and the LOD which results in between 0.36 and 11.08 ng/mL, and the LOQ between 1.20 and 36.90 ng/mL were investigated. The validation results obtained, as well as the results of subsequent in-laboratory tests, confirmed the applicability of the method in the analysis of blood samples. An attempt to apply the method to the analysis of bone marrow samples has yielded promising results; however, more detailed studies are needed in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Świądro-Piętoń
- Laboratory for Forensic Chemistry, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, 2 Gronostajowa St., 30-387 Kraków, Poland; (M.Ś.-P.); (A.C.)
| | - Alicja Chromiec
- Laboratory for Forensic Chemistry, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, 2 Gronostajowa St., 30-387 Kraków, Poland; (M.Ś.-P.); (A.C.)
| | - Marcin Zawadzki
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical University in Wroclaw, 4 Jana Mikulicza-Radeckiego St., 50-345 Wrocław, Poland;
| | - Renata Wietecha-Posłuszny
- Laboratory for Forensic Chemistry, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, 2 Gronostajowa St., 30-387 Kraków, Poland; (M.Ś.-P.); (A.C.)
- Correspondence: or
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Bozyiğit GD, Ayyıldız MF, Chormey DS, Engin GO, Bakırdere S. Trace level determination of eleven nervous system-active pharmaceutical ingredients by switchable solvent-based liquid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry with matrix matching calibration strategy. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2022; 194:58. [PMID: 34989878 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-021-09708-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This study utilized switchable solvent liquid-phase microextraction (SS-LPME) to enrich eleven nervous system active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) from aqueous samples for their determination at trace levels by gas chromatography mass spectrometry. The analytes selected for the study included APIs utilized in antidepressant, antipsychotic, antiepileptic, and anti-dementia drugs. Parameters of the microextraction method including switchable solvent volume, concentration and volume of the trigger agent (sodium hydroxide), and sample agitation period were optimized univariately to boost extraction efficiency. Under the optimum conditions, the detection limits calculated for the analytes were in the range of 0.20-8.0 ng/mL, and repeatability for six replicate measurements as indicated by percent relative standard deviation values were below 10%. Matrix matching calibration strategy was used to enhance quantification accuracy for the analytes. The percent recovery results calculated for the eleven analytes ranged between 86 and 117%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gamze Dalgıç Bozyiğit
- Faculty of Civil Engineering, Department of Environmental Engineering, Yıldız Technical University, 34220, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Merve Fırat Ayyıldız
- Faculty of Art and Science, Department of Chemistry, Yıldız Technical University, 34220, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Dotse Selali Chormey
- Faculty of Art and Science, Department of Chemistry, Yıldız Technical University, 34220, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Güleda Onkal Engin
- Faculty of Civil Engineering, Department of Environmental Engineering, Yıldız Technical University, 34220, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Sezgin Bakırdere
- Faculty of Art and Science, Department of Chemistry, Yıldız Technical University, 34220, İstanbul, Turkey.
- Turkish Academy of Sciences (TÜBA), Vedat Dalokay Street, No. 112, 06670, Çankaya, Ankara, Turkey.
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Effective extraction methodology for the isolation of antidepressants from human blood. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s00706-020-02643-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The objective of this study is to choose the best methodology containing a high-efficiency extraction technique and an extraction agent for the isolation of antidepressants, such as citalopram, fluoxetine, paroxetine, sertraline, and venlafaxine, from human blood samples. In this research, various extraction agents have been examined to achieve the highest efficiency of the conducted process. Moreover, the following most available extraction techniques have been investigated and compared: liquid–liquid extraction, ultrasound-assisted extraction, and microwave-assisted extraction. The obtained extracts have been analysed with the application of the ultra-high performance liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry. The conducted research has confirmed that the microwave-assisted extraction with ethyl acetate—the average extraction efficiency is 77.4 ± 2.7%—onstitute the most promising extraction method and the agent. Furthermore, the developed method was successfully applied to the analysis of the whole blood samples collected from patients treated with the analysed drugs. It should be emphasised that choice of extraction and solvent methods are the first steps to develop the methods allowing for determination of antidepressants in whole blood for toxicological and clinical purposes.
Graphic abstract
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Fast and efficient analyses of the post-mortem human blood and bone marrow using DI-SPME/LC-TOFMS method for forensic medicine purposes. Talanta 2020; 209:120533. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.120533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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