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Liu X, Akay C, Köpke J, Kümmel S, Richnow HH, Imfeld G. Direct Phototransformation of Sulfamethoxazole Characterized by Four-Dimensional Element Compound Specific Isotope Analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:10322-10333. [PMID: 38822809 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.4c02666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
The antibiotic sulfamethoxazole (SMX) undergoes direct phototransformation by sunlight, constituting a notable dissipation process in the environment. SMX exists in both neutral and anionic forms, depending on the pH conditions. To discern the direct photodegradation of SMX at various pH levels and differentiate it from other transformation processes, we conducted phototransformation of SMX under simulated sunlight at pH 7 and 3, employing both transformation product (TP) and compound-specific stable isotope analyses. At pH 7, the primary TPs were sulfanilic acid and 3A5MI, followed by sulfanilamide and (5-methylisoxazol-3-yl)-sulfamate, whereas at pH 3, a photoisomer was the dominant product, followed by sulfanilic acid and 3A5MI. Isotope fractionation patterns revealed normal 13C, 34S, and inverse 15N isotope fractionation, which exhibited significant differences between pH 7 and 3. This indicates a pH-dependent transformation process in SMX direct phototransformation. The hydrogen isotopic composition of SMX remained stable during direct phototransformation at both pH levels. Moreover, there was no variation observed in 33S between the two pH levels, indicating that the 33S mass-independent process remains unaffected by changes in pH. The analysis of main TPs and single-element isotopic fractionation suggests varying combinations of bond cleavages at different pH values, resulting in distinct patterns of isotopic fractionation. Conversely, dual-element isotope values at different pH levels did not significantly differ, indicating cleavage of several bonds in parallel. Hence, prudent interpretation of dual-element isotope analysis in these systems is warranted. These findings highlight the potential of multielement compound-specific isotope analysis in characterizing pH-dependent direct phototransformation of SMX, thereby facilitating the evaluation of its natural attenuation through sunlight photolysis in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Liu
- Institut Terre et Environnement de Strasbourg, Université de Strasbourg/EOST/ENGEES, CNRS UMR 7063, F-67084 Strasbourg, France
| | - Caglar Akay
- Department of Molecular Environmental Biotechnology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jimmy Köpke
- Department of Molecular Environmental Biotechnology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
- German Environment Agency, Section II 3.3, Schichauweg 58, 12307 Berlin, Germany
| | - Steffen Kümmel
- Department of Technical Biogeochemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Hans Hermann Richnow
- Department of Technical Biogeochemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
- Isodetect GmbH, Deutscher Platz 5b, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Gwenaël Imfeld
- Institut Terre et Environnement de Strasbourg, Université de Strasbourg/EOST/ENGEES, CNRS UMR 7063, F-67084 Strasbourg, France
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Belikov YA, Snytnikova OA, Sheven DG, Fedunov RG, Grivin VP, Pozdnyakov IP. Laser flash photolysis and quantum chemical studies of UV degradation of pharmaceutical drug chloramphenicol: Short-lived intermediates, quantum yields and mechanism of photolysis. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 351:141211. [PMID: 38219992 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Using methods of time-resolved and stationary photolysis, HPLC-MS and quantum-chemical calculations by the DFT method, the mechanism of direct UV photolysis of the antibiotic chloramphenicol (CAP) was established. For the first time, short-lived intermediates formed during photolysis were detected. The primary photoprocess is the cleavage of the β-C-C bond relative to the aromatic system with the formation of 4-nitrobenzylalcohol radical and residual aliphatic radical. The first radical in deoxygenated solutions predominantly transforms into para-nitrobenzaldehyde and its secondary photolysis products. In the presence of oxygen, the aromatic radical and para-nitrobenzaldehyde are transformed into para-nitrosobenzoic and para-nitrobenzoic acids as a result of reaction with reactive oxygen species (ROS). Formation of ROS is provoked by reactions of aliphatic radical with dissolved oxygen, so this radical is very important for CAP degradation. The quantum yield of direct photolysis of CAP is ∼3% and does not depend on the presence of dissolved oxygen and on the change of the excitation wavelength in the range of 254-308 nm. Obtained data are important for further understanding of the transformation pathways of CAP and similar PPCP in natural and wastewaters under the action of sunlight and artificial UV radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yury A Belikov
- Voevodsky Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion SB RAS, 3 Institutskaya Str., 630090, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation; Novosibirsk State University, 2 Pirogova Str., 630090, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
| | - Olga A Snytnikova
- Novosibirsk State University, 2 Pirogova Str., 630090, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation; International Tomography Center SB RAS, 3a Institutskaya Str., 630090, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
| | - Dmitriy G Sheven
- Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry SB RAS, Acad. Lavrentieva Ave. 3, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russian Federation
| | - Roman G Fedunov
- Voevodsky Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion SB RAS, 3 Institutskaya Str., 630090, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation; Novosibirsk State University, 2 Pirogova Str., 630090, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
| | - Vyacheslav P Grivin
- Voevodsky Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion SB RAS, 3 Institutskaya Str., 630090, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
| | - Ivan P Pozdnyakov
- Voevodsky Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion SB RAS, 3 Institutskaya Str., 630090, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation; Novosibirsk State University, 2 Pirogova Str., 630090, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation.
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El Hani O, García-Guzmán JJ, Palacios-Santander JM, Digua K, Amine A, Cubillana-Aguilera L. Development of a molecularly imprinted membrane for selective, high-sensitive, and on-site detection of antibiotics in waters and drugs: Application for sulfamethoxazole. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 350:141039. [PMID: 38147923 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.141039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
Sulfonamides are among the widespread bacterial antibiotics. Despite this, their quick emergence constitutes a serious problem for ecosystems and human health. Therefore, there is an increased interest in developing relevant detection method for antibiotics in different matrices. In this work, a straightforward, green, and cost-effective protocol was proposed for the preparation of a selective molecularly imprinted membrane (MIM) of sulfamethoxazole (SMX), a commonly used antibiotic. Thus, cellulose acetate was used as the functional polymer, while polyethylene glycol served as a pore-former. The developed MIM was successfully characterized through scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The MIM was used as a sensing platform in conjunction with a smartphone for optical readout, enabling on-site, selective, and highly sensitive detection of SMX. In this way, a satisfactory imprinting factor of around 3.6 and a limit of detection of 2 ng mL-1 were reached after applying response surface methodologies, including Box-Behnken and central composite designs. Besides, MIM demonstrated its applicability for the accurate and selective detection of SMX in river waters, wastewater, and drugs. Additionally, the MIM was shown to be a valuable sorbent in a solid-phase extraction protocol, employing a spin column setup that offered rapid and reproducible results. Furthermore, the developed sensing platform exhibited notable regeneration properties over multiple cycles and long shelf-life in different storage conditions. The newly developed methodology is of crucial importance to overcome the limitations of classical imprinting polymers. Furthermore, the smartphone-based platform was used to surpass the typically expensive and complicated methods of detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ouarda El Hani
- Laboratory of Process Engineering and Environment, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, Hassan II University of Casablanca, P.A. 149, Mohammedia, Morocco; Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Research on Electron Microscopy and Materials (IMEYMAT), Faculty of Sciences, Campus de Excelencia Internacional del Mar (CEIMAR), University of Cadiz, Campus Universitario de Puerto Real, Polígono del Río San Pedro S/N, 11510, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Juan José García-Guzmán
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Research on Electron Microscopy and Materials (IMEYMAT), Faculty of Sciences, Campus de Excelencia Internacional del Mar (CEIMAR), University of Cadiz, Campus Universitario de Puerto Real, Polígono del Río San Pedro S/N, 11510, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
| | - José María Palacios-Santander
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Research on Electron Microscopy and Materials (IMEYMAT), Faculty of Sciences, Campus de Excelencia Internacional del Mar (CEIMAR), University of Cadiz, Campus Universitario de Puerto Real, Polígono del Río San Pedro S/N, 11510, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain.
| | - Khalid Digua
- Laboratory of Process Engineering and Environment, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, Hassan II University of Casablanca, P.A. 149, Mohammedia, Morocco
| | - Aziz Amine
- Laboratory of Process Engineering and Environment, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, Hassan II University of Casablanca, P.A. 149, Mohammedia, Morocco.
| | - Laura Cubillana-Aguilera
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Research on Electron Microscopy and Materials (IMEYMAT), Faculty of Sciences, Campus de Excelencia Internacional del Mar (CEIMAR), University of Cadiz, Campus Universitario de Puerto Real, Polígono del Río San Pedro S/N, 11510, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
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Queral-Beltran A, Marín-García M, Lacorte S, Tauler R. UV-Vis absorption spectrophotometry and LC-DAD-MS-ESI(+)-ESI(-) coupled to chemometrics analysis of the monitoring of sulfamethoxazole degradation by chlorination, photodegradation, and chlorination/photodegradation. Anal Chim Acta 2023; 1276:341563. [PMID: 37573101 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2023.341563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023]
Abstract
Sulfamethoxazole (SMX) is one of the most widely used antibiotics worldwide and has been detected at high concentrations in wastewater treatment plant effluents and river waters. In this study, the SMX degradation process combining the simultaneous chlorine oxidation and UV photodegradation is assessed and compared with both photodegradation and chlorine oxidation processes individually. Photodegradation and Chlorine/UV tests were performed using Suntest CPS equipment. Different experimental techniques, including UV-Visible spectrophotometry and liquid chromatography coupled to a diode array detector and positive and negative ionization mass spectrometry (LC-DAD-MS-ESI(+)-ESI(-)), were used to evaluate the degradation reaction of SMX. All the analytical data generated have been processed with the Multivariate Curve Resolution-Alternating Least Squares (MCR-ALS) method to monitor, resolve, and identify the several transformation products generated during the studied degradation processes. A new data fusion analysis strategy is proposed to examine the three processes simultaneously (with only photodegradation, only chlorination, and simultaneous chlorination+photodegradation). Combined with the analysis of different analytical techniques individually (spectrophotometry, LC-DAD, and LC-MS), the fusion of all generated data improved the description of the degradation processes. Detection using DAD allowed a better correspondence among the species monitored spectrophotometrically (UV-Vis) with those analyzed chromatographically. On the other side, detection using MS in both positive and negative acquisition modes allowed resolving a larger number of chemical compounds (specially SMX degradation subproducts) that could not be detected by UV-Vis spectrometry. The results obtained permitted the comparison of the effects produced by the three different degradation processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aina Queral-Beltran
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Marc Marín-García
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Department of Analytical and Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering, Institut Químic de Sarrià-Universitat Ramon Llull (IQS-URL), Via Augusta 390, 08017, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Silvia Lacorte
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Romà Tauler
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
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Pérez-Cova M, Platikanov S, Tauler R, Jaumot J. Quantification strategies for two-dimensional liquid chromatography datasets using regions of interest and multivariate curve resolution approaches. Talanta 2022; 247:123586. [PMID: 35671578 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2022.123586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this work, three chemometrics-based approaches are compared for quantification purposes when using two-dimensional liquid chromatography (LC×LC-MS), taking as a study case the quantification of amino acids in commercial drug mixtures. Although the approaches have been already used for one-dimensional gas or liquid chromatography, the main novelty of this work is the demonstration of their applicability to LC×LC-MS datasets. Besides, steps such as peak alignment and modelling, commonly applied in this type of data analysis, are not required with the approaches proposed here. In a first step, regions of interest (ROI) strategy is used for the spectral compression of the LC×LC-MS datasets. Then the first strategy consists of building a calibration curve from the areas obtained in this ROI compression step. Alternatively, the ROI intensity matrices can be used as input for a second analysis step employing the multivariate curve resolution alternating least squares (MCR-ALS) method. The main benefit of MCR-ALS is the resolution of elution and spectral profiles for each of the analytes in the mixture, even in the case of strong coelutions and high signal overlapping. Classical MCR-ALS based calibration curve from the peak areas resolved only applying non-negativity constraints (second strategy) is compared to the results obtained when an area correlation constraint is imposed during the ALS optimization (third strategy). All in all, similar quantification results were achieved by the three approaches but, especially in prediction studies, the more accurate quantification is obtained when the calibration curve is built from the peak areas obtained with MCR-ALS when the area correlation constraint is imposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Pérez-Cova
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, Jordi Girona 18-26, E08034 Barcelona, Spain; Department of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Chemistry, University of Barcelona, Diagonal 647, E08028, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Stefan Platikanov
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, Jordi Girona 18-26, E08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Romà Tauler
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, Jordi Girona 18-26, E08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joaquim Jaumot
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, Jordi Girona 18-26, E08034 Barcelona, Spain
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Pérez-López C, Rodríguez-Mozaz S, Serra-Compte A, Alvarez-Muñoz D, Ginebreda A, Barceló D, Tauler R. Effects of sulfamethoxazole exposure on mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis) metabolome using retrospective non-target high-resolution mass spectrometry and chemometric tools. Talanta 2022; 252:123804. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2022.123804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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De Luca M, Occhiuzzi MA, Rizzuti B, Ioele G, Ragno G, Garofalo A, Grande F. Interaction of letrozole and its degradation products with aromatase: chemometric assessment of kinetics and structure-based binding validation. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2022; 37:1600-1609. [PMID: 35635194 PMCID: PMC9176668 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2022.2081845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Letrozole is one of the most prescribed drugs for the treatment of breast cancer in post-menopausal women, and it is endowed with selective peripheral aromatase inhibitory activity. The efficacy of this drug is also a consequence of its long-lasting activity, likely due to its metabolic stability. The reactivity of cyano groups in the letrozole structure could, however, lead to chemical derivatives still endowed with residual biological activity. Herein, the chemical degradation process of the drug was studied by coupling multivariate curve resolution and spectrophotometric methodologies in order to assess a detailed kinetic profile. Three main derivatives were identified after drug exposure to different degradation conditions, consisting of acid-base and oxidative environments and stressing light. Molecular docking confirmed the capability of these compounds to accommodate into the active site of the enzyme, suggesting that the sustained inhibitory activity of letrozole may be at least in part attributed to the degradation compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele De Luca
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
| | | | - Bruno Rizzuti
- CNR-NANOTEC, SS Rende (CS), Department of Physics, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
- Institute for Biocomputation and Physics of Complex Systems (BIFI), Joint Unit GBsC-CSIC-BIFI, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Giuseppina Ioele
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
| | - Gaetano Ragno
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
| | - Antonio Garofalo
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
| | - Fedora Grande
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
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