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Semenova I, Gupta D, Usui T, Hayakawa I, Cowan A, Rodionov V. Stimulation of microtubule-based transport by nucleation of microtubules on pigment granules. Mol Biol Cell 2017; 28:1418-1425. [PMID: 28381426 PMCID: PMC5449142 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e16-08-0571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Revised: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In Xenopus melanophores, nucleation of microtubules on pigment granules provides a positive feedback loop that enhances their transport to the cell center during pigment aggregation. Microtubule (MT)-based transport can be regulated through changes in organization of MT transport tracks, but the mechanisms that regulate these changes are poorly understood. In Xenopus melanophores, aggregation of pigment granules in the cell center involves their capture by the tips of MTs growing toward the cell periphery, and granule aggregation signals facilitate capture by increasing the number of growing MT tips. This increase could be explained by stimulation of MT nucleation either on the centrosome or on the aggregate of pigment granules that gradually forms in the cell center. We blocked movement of pigment granules to the cell center and compared the MT-nucleation activity of the centrosome in the same cells in two signaling states. We found that granule aggregation signals did not stimulate MT nucleation on the centrosome but did increase MT nucleation activity of pigment granules. Elevation of MT-nucleation activity correlated with the recruitment to pigment granules of a major component of MT-nucleation templates, γ-tubulin, and was suppressed by γ-tubulin inhibitors. We conclude that generation of new MT transport tracks by concentration of the leading pigment granules provides a positive feedback loop that enhances delivery of trailing granules to the cell center.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Semenova
- R. D. Berlin Center for Cell Analysis and Modeling and Department of Cell Biology, UConn Health, Farmington, CT 06030
| | - Dipika Gupta
- R. D. Berlin Center for Cell Analysis and Modeling and Department of Cell Biology, UConn Health, Farmington, CT 06030
| | - Takeo Usui
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
| | - Ichiro Hayakawa
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Ann Cowan
- R. D. Berlin Center for Cell Analysis and Modeling and Department of Cell Biology, UConn Health, Farmington, CT 06030
| | - Vladimir Rodionov
- R. D. Berlin Center for Cell Analysis and Modeling and Department of Cell Biology, UConn Health, Farmington, CT 06030
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2
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Jolly AL, Luan CH, Dusel BE, Dunne SF, Winding M, Dixit VJ, Robins C, Saluk JL, Logan DJ, Carpenter AE, Sharma M, Dean D, Cohen AR, Gelfand VI. A Genome-wide RNAi Screen for Microtubule Bundle Formation and Lysosome Motility Regulation in Drosophila S2 Cells. Cell Rep 2016; 14:611-620. [PMID: 26774481 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2015.12.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Revised: 10/21/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Long-distance intracellular transport of organelles, mRNA, and proteins ("cargo") occurs along the microtubule cytoskeleton by the action of kinesin and dynein motor proteins, but the vast network of factors involved in regulating intracellular cargo transport are still unknown. We capitalize on the Drosophila melanogaster S2 model cell system to monitor lysosome transport along microtubule bundles, which require enzymatically active kinesin-1 motor protein for their formation. We use an automated tracking program and a naive Bayesian classifier for the multivariate motility data to analyze 15,683 gene phenotypes and find 98 proteins involved in regulating lysosome motility along microtubules and 48 involved in the formation of microtubule filled processes in S2 cells. We identify innate immunity genes, ion channels, and signaling proteins having a role in lysosome motility regulation and find an unexpected relationship between the dynein motor, Rab7a, and lysosome motility regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amber L Jolly
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, CA 94609, USA
| | - Chi-Hao Luan
- High Throughput Analysis Laboratory, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Brendon E Dusel
- High Throughput Analysis Laboratory, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Sara F Dunne
- High Throughput Analysis Laboratory, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Michael Winding
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Vishrut J Dixit
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Chloe Robins
- High Throughput Analysis Laboratory, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Jennifer L Saluk
- High Throughput Analysis Laboratory, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - David J Logan
- Imaging Platform, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Anne E Carpenter
- Imaging Platform, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Manu Sharma
- Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, CA 94609, USA
| | - Deborah Dean
- Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, CA 94609, USA
| | - Andrew R Cohen
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - Vladimir I Gelfand
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
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3
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Sarkar Y, Das S, Ray A, Jewrajka SK, Hirota S, Parui PP. A simple interfacial pH detection method for cationic amphiphilic self-assemblies utilizing a Schiff-base molecule. Analyst 2016; 141:2030-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c5an02128f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
A simple pH-sensing method to monitor interfacial pH deviation from the bulk pH for cationic micelle and vesicle is introduced by estimating the change in the Schiff-base molecule (AH) proton dissociation between interface and bulk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeasmin Sarkar
- Department of Chemistry
- Jadavpur University
- Kolkata 700032
- India
| | - Sanju Das
- Department of Chemistry
- Jadavpur University
- Kolkata 700032
- India
- Department of Chemistry
| | - Ambarish Ray
- Department of Chemistry
- Maulana Azad College
- Kolkata 700013
- India
| | - Suresh K. Jewrajka
- CSIR-Central Salt & Marine Chemicals Research Institute
- Gujarat-364002
- India
| | - Shun Hirota
- Graduate School of Materials Science
- Nara Institute of Science and Technology
- Nara 630-0192
- Japan
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4
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De Rossi MC, De Rossi ME, Sued M, Rodríguez D, Bruno L, Levi V. Asymmetries in kinesin-2 and cytoplasmic dynein contributions to melanosome transport. FEBS Lett 2015; 589:2763-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2015.07.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Revised: 07/17/2015] [Accepted: 07/20/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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5
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Semenova I, Ikeda K, Resaul K, Kraikivski P, Aguiar M, Gygi S, Zaliapin I, Cowan A, Rodionov V. Regulation of microtubule-based transport by MAP4. Mol Biol Cell 2014; 25:3119-32. [PMID: 25143402 PMCID: PMC4196864 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e14-01-0022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Microtubule (MT)-based transport of organelles driven by the opposing MT motors kinesins and dynein is tightly regulated in cells, but the underlying molecular mechanisms remain largely unknown. Here we tested the regulation of MT transport by the ubiquitous protein MAP4 using Xenopus melanophores as an experimental system. In these cells, pigment granules (melanosomes) move along MTs to the cell center (aggregation) or to the periphery (dispersion) by means of cytoplasmic dynein and kinesin-2, respectively. We found that aggregation signals induced phosphorylation of threonine residues in the MT-binding domain of the Xenopus MAP4 (XMAP4), thus decreasing binding of this protein to MTs. Overexpression of XMAP4 inhibited pigment aggregation by shortening dynein-dependent MT runs of melanosomes, whereas removal of XMAP4 from MTs reduced the length of kinesin-2-dependent runs and suppressed pigment dispersion. We hypothesize that binding of XMAP4 to MTs negatively regulates dynein-dependent movement of melanosomes and positively regulates kinesin-2-based movement. Phosphorylation during pigment aggregation reduces binding of XMAP4 to MTs, thus increasing dynein-dependent and decreasing kinesin-2-dependent motility of melanosomes, which stimulates their accumulation in the cell center, whereas dephosphorylation of XMAP4 during dispersion has an opposite effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Semenova
- R.D. Berlin Center for Cell Analysis and Modeling and Department of Cell Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030
| | - Kazuho Ikeda
- R.D. Berlin Center for Cell Analysis and Modeling and Department of Cell Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030 Quantitative Biology Center, RIKEN, Osaka 565-0874, Japan
| | - Karim Resaul
- R.D. Berlin Center for Cell Analysis and Modeling and Department of Cell Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030
| | - Pavel Kraikivski
- R.D. Berlin Center for Cell Analysis and Modeling and Department of Cell Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030 Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061
| | - Mike Aguiar
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Steven Gygi
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Ilya Zaliapin
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Nevada-Reno, Reno, NV 89557
| | - Ann Cowan
- R.D. Berlin Center for Cell Analysis and Modeling and Department of Cell Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030
| | - Vladimir Rodionov
- R.D. Berlin Center for Cell Analysis and Modeling and Department of Cell Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030
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Chen SC, Robertson RM, Hawryshyn CW. Possible involvement of cone opsins in distinct photoresponses of intrinsically photosensitive dermal chromatophores in tilapia Oreochromis niloticus. PLoS One 2013; 8:e70342. [PMID: 23940562 PMCID: PMC3734035 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0070342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2013] [Accepted: 06/17/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Dermal specialized pigment cells (chromatophores) are thought to be one type of extraretinal photoreceptors responsible for a wide variety of sensory tasks, including adjusting body coloration. Unlike the well-studied image-forming function in retinal photoreceptors, direct evidence characterizing the mechanism of chromatophore photoresponses is less understood, particularly at the molecular and cellular levels. In the present study, cone opsin expression was detected in tilapia caudal fin where photosensitive chromatophores exist. Single-cell RT-PCR revealed co-existence of different cone opsins within melanophores and erythrophores. By stimulating cells with six wavelengths ranging from 380 to 580 nm, we found melanophores and erythrophores showed distinct photoresponses. After exposed to light, regardless of wavelength presentation, melanophores dispersed and maintained cell shape in an expansion stage by shuttling pigment granules. Conversely, erythrophores aggregated or dispersed pigment granules when exposed to short- or middle/long-wavelength light, respectively. These results suggest that diverse molecular mechanisms and light-detecting strategies may be employed by different types of tilapia chromatophores, which are instrumental in pigment pattern formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shyh-Chi Chen
- Department of Biology, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada.
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7
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Lomakin AJ, Kraikivski P, Semenova I, Ikeda K, Zaliapin I, Tirnauer JS, Akhmanova A, Rodionov V. Stimulation of the CLIP-170--dependent capture of membrane organelles by microtubules through fine tuning of microtubule assembly dynamics. Mol Biol Cell 2011; 22:4029-37. [PMID: 21880898 PMCID: PMC3204065 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e11-03-0260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytoplasmic microtubules (MTs) continuously grow and shorten at their free plus ends, a behavior that allows them to capture membrane organelles destined for MT minus end-directed transport. In Xenopus melanophores, the capture of pigment granules (melanosomes) involves the +TIP CLIP-170, which is enriched at growing MT plus ends. Here we used Xenopus melanophores to test whether signals that stimulate minus end MT transport also enhance CLIP-170-dependent binding of melanosomes to MT tips. We found that these signals significantly (>twofold) increased the number of growing MT plus ends and their density at the cell periphery, thereby enhancing the likelihood of interaction with dispersed melanosomes. Computational simulations showed that local and global increases in the density of CLIP-170-decorated MT plus ends could reduce the half-time of melanosome aggregation by ~50%. We conclude that pigment granule aggregation signals in melanophores stimulate MT minus end-directed transport by the increasing number of growing MT plus ends decorated with CLIP-170 and redistributing these ends to more efficiently capture melanosomes throughout the cytoplasm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis J Lomakin
- RD Berlin Center for Cell Analysis and Modeling and Department of Cell Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
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8
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Ikeda K, Zhapparova O, Brodsky I, Semenova I, Tirnauer JS, Zaliapin I, Rodionov V. CK1 activates minus-end-directed transport of membrane organelles along microtubules. Mol Biol Cell 2011; 22:1321-9. [PMID: 21307338 PMCID: PMC3078062 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e10-09-0741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
This study shows that the signal transduction pathway responsible for the initiation of minus-end–directed movement of membrane-bounded pigment granules in melanophores involves sequential activation of protein phosphatase 2A and casein kinase 1 and that this activation correlates with increased phosphorylation of the dynein intermediate chain. Microtubule (MT)-based organelle transport is driven by MT motor proteins that move cargoes toward MT minus-ends clustered in the cell center (dyneins) or plus-ends extended to the periphery (kinesins). Cells are able to rapidly switch the direction of transport in response to external cues, but the signaling events that control switching remain poorly understood. Here, we examined the signaling mechanism responsible for the rapid activation of dynein-dependent MT minus-end–directed pigment granule movement in Xenopus melanophores (pigment aggregation). We found that, along with the previously identified protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A), pigment aggregation signaling also involved casein kinase 1ε (CK1ε), that both enzymes were bound to pigment granules, and that their activities were increased during pigment aggregation. Furthermore we found that CK1ε functioned downstream of PP2A in the pigment aggregation signaling pathway. Finally, we discovered that stimulation of pigment aggregation increased phosphorylation of dynein intermediate chain (DIC) and that this increase was partially suppressed by CK1ε inhibition. We propose that signal transduction during pigment aggregation involves successive activation of PP2A and CK1ε and CK1ε-dependent phosphorylation of DIC, which stimulates dynein motor activity and increases minus-end–directed runs of pigment granules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuho Ikeda
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
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9
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Lee HS, Komarova YA, Nadezhdina ES, Anjum R, Peloquin JG, Schober JM, Danciu O, van Haren J, Galjart N, Gygi SP, Akhmanova A, Borisy GG. Phosphorylation controls autoinhibition of cytoplasmic linker protein-170. Mol Biol Cell 2010; 21:2661-73. [PMID: 20519438 PMCID: PMC2912352 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e09-12-1036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
CLIP-170 conformational changes are regulated by phosphorylation on S309 and S311 residues resulting in diminished binding of CLIP-170 for growing MT ends and p150Glued. Cytoplasmic linker protein (CLIP)-170 is a microtubule (MT) plus-end-tracking protein that regulates MT dynamics and links MT plus ends to different intracellular structures. We have shown previously that intramolecular association between the N and C termini results in autoinhibition of CLIP-170, thus altering its binding to MTs and the dynactin subunit p150Glued (J. Cell Biol. 2004: 166, 1003–1014). In this study, we demonstrate that conformational changes in CLIP-170 are regulated by phosphorylation that enhances the affinity between the N- and C-terminal domains. By using site-directed mutagenesis and phosphoproteomic analysis, we mapped the phosphorylation sites in the third serine-rich region of CLIP-170. A phosphorylation-deficient mutant of CLIP-170 displays an “open” conformation and a higher binding affinity for growing MT ends and p150Glued as compared with nonmutated protein, whereas a phosphomimetic mutant confined to the “folded back” conformation shows decreased MT association and does not interact with p150Glued. We conclude that phosphorylation regulates CLIP-170 conformational changes resulting in its autoinhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho-Sup Lee
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Northwestern University Medical School, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
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10
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Lomakin AY, Nadezhdina ES. Dynamics of nonmembranous cell components: Role of active transport along microtubules. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2010; 75:7-18. [DOI: 10.1134/s0006297910010025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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11
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Holzbaur ELF, Goldman YE. Coordination of molecular motors: from in vitro assays to intracellular dynamics. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2010; 22:4-13. [PMID: 20102789 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2009.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2009] [Revised: 12/17/2009] [Accepted: 12/23/2009] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
New technologies have emerged that enable the tracking of molecular motors and their cargos with very high resolution both in vitro and in live cells. Classic in vitro motility assays are being supplemented with assays of increasing complexity that more closely model the cellular environment. In cells, the introduction of probes such as quantum dots allows the high-resolution tracking of both motors and vesicular cargos. The 'bottom up' enhancement of in vitro assays and the 'top down' analysis of motility inside cells are likely to converge over the next few years. Together, these studies are providing new insights into the coordination of motors during intracellular transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika L F Holzbaur
- Pennsylvania Muscle Institute and Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States.
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12
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Pullikuth AK, Catling AD. Scaffold mediated regulation of MAPK signaling and cytoskeletal dynamics: a perspective. Cell Signal 2007; 19:1621-32. [PMID: 17553668 PMCID: PMC2233890 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2007.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2007] [Accepted: 04/23/2007] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Cell migration is critical for many physiological processes and is often misregulated in developmental disorders and pathological conditions including cancer and neurodegeneration. MAPK signaling and the Rho family of proteins are known regulators of cell migration that exert their influence on cellular cytoskeleton during cell adhesion and migration. Here we review data supporting the view that localized ERK signaling mediated through recently identified scaffold proteins may regulate cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashok K. Pullikuth
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 1901 Perdido Street, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Andrew D. Catling
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 1901 Perdido Street, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
- Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 1901 Perdido Street, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
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