1
|
Cauwenberghs N, Verheyen A, Sabovčik F, Ntalianis E, Vanassche T, Brguljan J, Kuznetsova T. Serum proteomic profiling of carotid arteriopathy: A population outcome study. Atherosclerosis 2023; 385:117331. [PMID: 37879154 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2023.117331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Circulating proteins reflecting subclinical vascular disease may improve prediction of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). We applied feature selection and unsupervised clustering on proteomic data to identify proteins associated with carotid arteriopathy and construct a protein-based classifier for ASCVD event prediction. METHODS 491 community-dwelling participants (mean age, 58 ± 11 years; 51 % women) underwent carotid ultrasonography and proteomic profiling (CVD II panel, Olink Proteomics). ASCVD outcome was collected (median follow-up time: 10.2 years). We applied partial least squares (PLS) to identify proteins linked to carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT). Next, we assessed the association between future ASCVD events and protein-based phenogroups derived by unsupervised clustering (Gaussian Mixture modelling) based on proteins selected in PLS. RESULTS PLS identified 19 proteins as important, which were all associated with cIMT in multivariable-adjusted linear regression. 8 of the 19 proteins were excluded from the clustering analysis because of high collinearity. Based on the 11 remaining proteins, the clustering algorithm subdivided the cohort into two phenogroups. Compared to the first phenogroup (n = 177), participants in the second phenogroup (n = 314) presented: i) a more unfavorable lipid profile with higher total cholesterol and triglycerides and lower HDL cholesterol (p ≤ 0.014); ii) higher cIMT (p = 0.0020); and iii) a significantly higher risk for future ASCVD events (multivariable-adjusted hazard ratio (95 % CI) versus phenogroup 1: 2.05 (1.26-3.52); p = 0.0093). The protein-based phenogrouping supplemented ACC/AHA 10-year ASCVD risk scoring for prediction of a first ASCVD event. CONCLUSIONS Focused protein-based phenogrouping identified individuals at high risk for future ASCVD and may complement current risk stratification strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Cauwenberghs
- Research Unit Hypertension and Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Astrid Verheyen
- Research Unit Hypertension and Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leuven, Belgium
| | - František Sabovčik
- Research Unit Hypertension and Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leuven, Belgium
| | - Evangelos Ntalianis
- Research Unit Hypertension and Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leuven, Belgium
| | - Thomas Vanassche
- Division of Cardiology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jana Brguljan
- Hypertension Department, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Medical University Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Tatiana Kuznetsova
- Research Unit Hypertension and Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leuven, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Basiak M, Hachula M, Kosowski M, Machnik G, Maliglowka M, Dziubinska-Basiak M, Krysiak R, Okopien B. The Effect of PCSK9 Inhibition on the Stabilization of Atherosclerotic Plaque Determined by Biochemical and Diagnostic Imaging Methods. Molecules 2023; 28:5928. [PMID: 37570897 PMCID: PMC10421011 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28155928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a multifactorial, progressive, chronic inflammatory disease. Ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging are the most accurate predictors of atherosclerotic plaque instability (MRI). Cytokines such as osteopontin, osteoprotegerin, and metalloproteinase 9 could be used as the most recent markers to identify and track the efficacy of anti-atherosclerotic therapy. Patients with USG and MRI-verified unstable atherosclerotic plaque were included in the study. Biomarker concentrations were measured and compared before and after PCSK9 inhibitor therapy. Additionally, concentrations prior to treatment were correlated with MRI images of the carotid artery. After treatment with alirocumab, the concentrations of MMP-9 (p < 0.01) and OPN, OPG (p < 0.05) decreased significantly. Furthermore, the results of OPN, OPG, and MMP 9 varied significantly depending on the type of atherosclerotic plaque in the MRI assay. In stable atherosclerotic plaques, the concentrations of OPN and OPG were greater (p < 0.01), whereas the concentration of MMP9 correlated with the instability of the plaque (p < 0.05). We demonstrated, probably for the first time, that alirocumab therapy significantly decreased the serum concentration of atherosclerotic plaque markers. In addition, we demonstrated the relationship between the type of atherosclerotic plaque as determined by carotid MRI and the concentration of these markers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Basiak
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Silesia, Medyków 18, 40-752 Katowice, Poland
| | - Marcin Hachula
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Silesia, Medyków 18, 40-752 Katowice, Poland
| | - Michal Kosowski
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Silesia, Medyków 18, 40-752 Katowice, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Machnik
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Silesia, Medyków 18, 40-752 Katowice, Poland
| | - Mateusz Maliglowka
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Silesia, Medyków 18, 40-752 Katowice, Poland
| | | | - Robert Krysiak
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Silesia, Medyków 18, 40-752 Katowice, Poland
| | - Boguslaw Okopien
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Silesia, Medyków 18, 40-752 Katowice, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Solignac J, Lacroix R, Arnaud L, Abdili E, Bouchouareb D, Burtey S, Brunet P, Dignat-George F, Robert T. Rheopheresis Performed in Hemodialysis Patients Targets Endothelium and Has an Acute Anti-Inflammatory Effect. J Clin Med 2022; 12:105. [PMID: 36614906 PMCID: PMC9821709 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12010105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Rheopheresis is a double-filtration plasmapheresis that removes a defined spectrum of high-molecular-weight proteins to lower plasma viscosity and improves microcirculation disorders. This technique can be performed in hemodialysis (HD) patients with severe microischemia. Interestingly, some studies showed that rheopheresis sessions improve endothelial function. Methods: Our study evaluated the inflammatory and endothelial biomarker evolution in 23 HD patients treated or not with rheopheresis. A p value ≤ 0.001 was considered statistically significant. Results: Thirteen HD patients treated by rheopheresis either for a severe peripheral arterial disease (N = 8) or calciphylaxis (N = 5) were analyzed. Ten control HD patients were also included in order to avoid any misinterpretation of the rheopheresis effects in regard to the HD circuit. In the HD group without rheopheresis, the circulating endothelial adhesion molecules, cytokines, angiogenic factor concentrations, and circulating levels were not modified. In the HD group with rheopheresis, the circulating endothelial adhesion molecules (sVCAM-1, sP-selectin, and sE-selectin) experienced a significant reduction, except sICAM-1. Among the pro-inflammatory cytokines, TNF-α was significantly reduced by 32.6% [(−42.2)−(−22.5)] (p < 0.0001), while the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 increased by 674% (306−1299) (p < 0.0001). Among the angiogenic factors, only sEndoglin experienced a significant reduction. The CEC level trended to increase from 13 (3−33) cells/mL to 43 (8−140) cells/mL (p = 0.002). We did not observe any difference on the pre-session values of the molecules of interest between the first rheopheresis session and the last rheopheresis session. Conclusion: Rheopheresis immediately modified the inflammation balance and the endothelial injury biomarkers. Further studies are needed to understand the mechanisms underlying these biological observations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Justine Solignac
- Centre de Néphrologie et de Transplantation Rénale, Hôpital de la Conception, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, 13005 Marseille, France
- Center for CardioVascular and Nutrition Research (C2VN), Faculty of Medical and Paramedical Sciences, Aix-Marseille University, National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM), National Research Institute for Agriculture, Food and Environment (INRAE), 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Romaric Lacroix
- Center for CardioVascular and Nutrition Research (C2VN), Faculty of Medical and Paramedical Sciences, Aix-Marseille University, National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM), National Research Institute for Agriculture, Food and Environment (INRAE), 13005 Marseille, France
- Laboratoire de Biologie, Hôpital de la Timone, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Laurent Arnaud
- Laboratoire de Biologie, Hôpital de la Timone, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Evelyne Abdili
- Laboratoire de Biologie, Hôpital de la Timone, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Dammar Bouchouareb
- Centre de Néphrologie et de Transplantation Rénale, Hôpital de la Conception, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Stéphane Burtey
- Centre de Néphrologie et de Transplantation Rénale, Hôpital de la Conception, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, 13005 Marseille, France
- Center for CardioVascular and Nutrition Research (C2VN), Faculty of Medical and Paramedical Sciences, Aix-Marseille University, National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM), National Research Institute for Agriculture, Food and Environment (INRAE), 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Philippe Brunet
- Centre de Néphrologie et de Transplantation Rénale, Hôpital de la Conception, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, 13005 Marseille, France
- Center for CardioVascular and Nutrition Research (C2VN), Faculty of Medical and Paramedical Sciences, Aix-Marseille University, National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM), National Research Institute for Agriculture, Food and Environment (INRAE), 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Françoise Dignat-George
- Center for CardioVascular and Nutrition Research (C2VN), Faculty of Medical and Paramedical Sciences, Aix-Marseille University, National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM), National Research Institute for Agriculture, Food and Environment (INRAE), 13005 Marseille, France
- Laboratoire de Biologie, Hôpital de la Timone, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Thomas Robert
- Centre de Néphrologie et de Transplantation Rénale, Hôpital de la Conception, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, 13005 Marseille, France
- Center for CardioVascular and Nutrition Research (C2VN), Faculty of Medical and Paramedical Sciences, Aix-Marseille University, National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM), National Research Institute for Agriculture, Food and Environment (INRAE), 13005 Marseille, France
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Cognasse F, Duchez AC, Audoux E, Ebermeyer T, Arthaud CA, Prier A, Eyraud MA, Mismetti P, Garraud O, Bertoletti L, Hamzeh-Cognasse H. Platelets as Key Factors in Inflammation: Focus on CD40L/CD40. Front Immunol 2022; 13:825892. [PMID: 35185916 PMCID: PMC8850464 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.825892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelets are anucleate cytoplasmic fragments derived from the fragmentation of medullary megakaryocytes. Activated platelets adhere to the damaged endothelium by means of glycoproteins on their surface, forming the platelet plug. Activated platelets can also secrete the contents of their granules, notably the growth factors contained in the α-granules, which are involved in platelet aggregation and maintain endothelial activation, but also contribute to vascular repair and angiogenesis. Platelets also have a major inflammatory and immune function in antibacterial defence, essentially through their Toll-like Receptors (TLRs) and Sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-type lectin (SIGLEC). Platelet activation also contributes to the extensive release of anti- or pro-inflammatory mediators such as IL-1β, RANTES (Regulated on Activation, Normal T Expressed and Secreted) or CD154, also known as the CD40-ligand. Platelets are involved in the direct activation of immune cells, polynuclear neutrophils (PNNs) and dendritic cells via the CD40L/CD40 complex. As a general rule, all of the studies presented in this review show that platelets are capable of covering most of the stages of inflammation, primarily through the CD40L/CD40 interaction, thus confirming their own role in this pathophysiological condition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fabrice Cognasse
- Etablissement Français du Sang Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, Saint-Etienne, France.,SAINBIOSE, INSERM, U1059, University of Lyon, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Anne Claire Duchez
- Etablissement Français du Sang Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, Saint-Etienne, France.,SAINBIOSE, INSERM, U1059, University of Lyon, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Estelle Audoux
- Etablissement Français du Sang Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, Saint-Etienne, France.,SAINBIOSE, INSERM, U1059, University of Lyon, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Theo Ebermeyer
- Etablissement Français du Sang Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, Saint-Etienne, France.,SAINBIOSE, INSERM, U1059, University of Lyon, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Charles Antoine Arthaud
- Etablissement Français du Sang Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, Saint-Etienne, France.,SAINBIOSE, INSERM, U1059, University of Lyon, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Amelie Prier
- Etablissement Français du Sang Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, Saint-Etienne, France.,SAINBIOSE, INSERM, U1059, University of Lyon, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Marie Ange Eyraud
- Etablissement Français du Sang Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, Saint-Etienne, France.,SAINBIOSE, INSERM, U1059, University of Lyon, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Patrick Mismetti
- SAINBIOSE, INSERM, U1059, University of Lyon, Saint-Etienne, France.,Vascular and Therapeutic Medicine Department, Saint-Etienne University Hospital Center, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Olivier Garraud
- SAINBIOSE, INSERM, U1059, University of Lyon, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Laurent Bertoletti
- SAINBIOSE, INSERM, U1059, University of Lyon, Saint-Etienne, France.,Vascular and Therapeutic Medicine Department, Saint-Etienne University Hospital Center, Saint-Etienne, France
| | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Angeli F, Verdecchia P, Savonitto S, Cavallini S, Santucci A, Coiro S, Sclafani R, Riccini C, De Servi S, Cavallini C. Soluble CD40 ligand and outcome in patients with coronary artery disease undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention. Clin Chem Lab Med 2022; 60:118-126. [PMID: 34714987 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2021-0817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES CD40 ligand (CD40L), a transmembrane glycoprotein belonging to the tumor necrosis factor family and expressed by a variety of cells, is involved in the basic mechanisms of inflammation, atherosclerosis and thrombosis. Some studies suggest that the soluble form of CD40L (sCD40L) is a predictor of major cardiovascular events and mortality in a variety of clinical settings, but data from literature are conflicting. METHODS We studied consecutive patients with acute (ACS) or chronic (CCS) coronary syndrome who underwent percutaneous coronary artery intervention (PCI). Blood samples for sCD40L dosage were taken at baseline immediately before PCI. We tested the relation between sCD40L and pre-specified outcome measures consisting of new ACS, clinical restenosis and all-cause mortality. We recruited 3,841 patients (mean age 64 ± 11 years, 79% men) with ACS (n=2,383) or CCS (n=1,458). RESULTS During a mean follow-up of two years (±0.6 years), 642 patients developed ACS, 409 developed restenosis (≥70% of at least one of the previously treated coronary segments) and 175 died. For each 1-standard deviation increase in sCD40L (0.80 ng/mL), the hazard ratios (HRs) for ACS, restenosis, and mortality were 1.11 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.05 to 1.18, p<0.0001), 1.10 (95% CI: 1.02 to 1.19, p=0.010), and 1.00 (95% CI: 0.86 to 1.16, p=0.983), respectively. In multivariable Cox regression models with adjustment for several potential confounders including age, acute or chronic coronary syndrome, multi-vessel disease, stent placement, diabetes, previous coronary events and dyslipidemia, sCD40L remained an independent predictor of ACS and coronary restenosis. There were no interactions between sCD40L and acute or chronic coronary syndrome or stent placement. CONCLUSIONS Among patients with ACS or CCS who undergo PCI, higher levels of sCD40L predict an increased risk of acute coronary events and coronary restenosis, but not of mortality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Angeli
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy.,Department of Medicine and Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation, Maugeri Care and Research Institute, IRCCS Tradate, Varese, Italy
| | | | | | - Sara Cavallini
- Department of Cardiology, Hospital of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Andrea Santucci
- Department of Cardiology, Hospital of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Stefano Coiro
- Department of Cardiology, Hospital of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Rocco Sclafani
- Department of Cardiology, Hospital of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Clara Riccini
- Department of Cardiology, Hospital of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Biomarkers of acute myocardial infarction: diagnostic and prognostic value. Part 2 (Literature review). КЛИНИЧЕСКАЯ ПРАКТИКА 2020. [DOI: 10.17816/clinpract48893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In the second part of the review, we continue the discussion of biomarkers that have a diagnostic and prognostic significance in acute myocardial infarction (AMI). The study of the AMI pathophysiology through the experimental and clinical research contributes to the discovery of new regulatory molecules and pathogenetic mechanisms underlying AMI. At the same time, many molecules involved in the pathogenesis of AMI can be used as effective biomarkers for the diagnosis and prediction of AMI. This article discusses in detail the diagnostic and prognostic value of inflammatory biomarkers of AMI (C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, myeloperoxidase, matrix metalloproteinases, soluble form of CD40 ligand, procalcitonin, placental growth factor) and a number of recently discovered new biomarkers of AMI (microribonucleic acids, galectin-3, stimulating growth factor expressed by gene 2, growth differentiation factor 15, proprotein convertase of subtilisin-kexin type 9).
Collapse
|
7
|
Mourouzis K, Oikonomou E, Siasos G, Tsalamadris S, Vogiatzi G, Antonopoulos A, Fountoulakis P, Goliopoulou A, Papaioannou S, Tousoulis D. Pro-inflammatory Cytokines in Acute Coronary Syndromes. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 26:4624-4647. [PMID: 32282296 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200413082353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Over the last decades, the role of inflammation and immune system activation in the initiation and progression of coronary artery disease (CAD) has been established. OBJECTIVES The study aimed to present the interplay between cytokines and their actions preceding and shortly after ACS. METHODS We searched in a systemic manner the most relevant articles to the topic of inflammation, cytokines, vulnerable plaque and myocardial infarction in MEDLINE, COCHRANE and EMBASE databases. RESULTS Different classes of cytokines (intereleukin [IL]-1 family, Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) family, chemokines, adipokines, interferons) are implicated in the entire process leading to destabilization of the atherosclerotic plaque, and consequently, to the incidence of myocardial infarction. Especially IL-1 and TNF-α family are involved in inflammatory cell accumulation, vulnerable plaque formation, platelet aggregation, cardiomyocyte apoptosis and adverse remodeling following the myocardial infarction. Several cytokines such as IL-6, adiponectin, interferon-γ, appear with significant prognostic value in ACS patients. Thus, research interest focuses on the modulation of inflammation in ACS to improve clinical outcomes. CONCLUSION Understanding the unique characteristics that accompany each cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction could illuminate the signaling pathways involved in plaque destabilization and indicate future treatment strategies to improve cardiovascular prognosis in ACS patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Mourouzis
- 1st Department of Cardiology, 'Hippokration' Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Evangelos Oikonomou
- 1st Department of Cardiology, 'Hippokration' Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Gerasimos Siasos
- 1st Department of Cardiology, 'Hippokration' Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Sotiris Tsalamadris
- 1st Department of Cardiology, 'Hippokration' Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Georgia Vogiatzi
- 1st Department of Cardiology, 'Hippokration' Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Alexios Antonopoulos
- 1st Department of Cardiology, 'Hippokration' Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Petros Fountoulakis
- 1st Department of Cardiology, 'Hippokration' Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Athina Goliopoulou
- 1st Department of Cardiology, 'Hippokration' Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Spyridon Papaioannou
- 1st Department of Cardiology, 'Hippokration' Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitris Tousoulis
- 1st Department of Cardiology, 'Hippokration' Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Oikonomou E, Siasos G, Tsigkou V, Bletsa E, Panoilia ME, Oikonomou IN, Sinanidis I, Spinou M, Papastavrou A, Kokosias G, Zaromitidou M, Stampouloglou P, Spartalis M, Vavuranakis M, Stefanadis C, Papavassiliou AG, Tousoulis D. Coronary Artery Disease and Endothelial Dysfunction: Novel Diagnostic and Therapeutic Approaches. Curr Med Chem 2020; 27:1052-1080. [PMID: 31470773 DOI: 10.2174/0929867326666190830103219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2019] [Revised: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Coronary artery disease is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The most common pathophysiologic substrate is atherosclerosis which is an inflammatory procedure that starts at childhood and develops throughout life. Endothelial dysfunction is associated with the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis and is characterized by the impaired production of nitric oxide. In general, endothelial dysfunction is linked to poor cardiovascular prognosis and different methods, both invasive and non-invasive, have been developed for its evaluation. Ultrasound evaluation of flow mediated dilatation of the branchial artery is the most commonly used method to assessed endothelial function while intracoronary administration of vasoactive agents may be also be used to test directly endothelial properties of the coronary vasculature. Endothelial dysfunction has also been the subject of therapeutic interventions. This review article summarizes the knowledge about evaluation of endothelial function in acute coronary syndromes and stable coronary artery disease and demonstrates the current therapeutic approaches against endothelial dysfunction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Evangelos Oikonomou
- Department of Cardiology, 'Hippokration' General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - Gerasimos Siasos
- Department of Cardiology, 'Hippokration' General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
- Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School and Harvard-MIT Biomedical Engineering Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Vasiliki Tsigkou
- Department of Cardiology, 'Hippokration' General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - Evanthia Bletsa
- Department of Cardiology, 'Hippokration' General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - Maria-Evi Panoilia
- Department of Cardiology, 'Hippokration' General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - Iris Niovi Oikonomou
- Department of Cardiology, 'Hippokration' General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - Ilias Sinanidis
- Department of Cardiology, 'Hippokration' General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - Marianna Spinou
- Department of Cardiology, 'Hippokration' General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - Angeliki Papastavrou
- Department of Cardiology, 'Hippokration' General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - Georgios Kokosias
- Department of Cardiology, 'Hippokration' General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - Marina Zaromitidou
- Department of Cardiology, 'Hippokration' General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
- Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School and Harvard-MIT Biomedical Engineering Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Panagiota Stampouloglou
- Department of Cardiology, 'Hippokration' General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - Michail Spartalis
- Department of Cardiology, 'Hippokration' General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - Manolis Vavuranakis
- Department of Cardiology, 'Hippokration' General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Athanasios G Papavassiliou
- Department of Biological Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitris Tousoulis
- Department of Cardiology, 'Hippokration' General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Mazaris S, Siasos G, Oikonomou E, Tsigkou V, Vavuranakis M, Kokkou E, Zaromitidou M, Papamikroulis GA, Papavassiliou AG, Papaioannou S, Papageorgiou N, Latsios G, Stefanadis C, Tousoulis D. Atrial Fibrillation: Biomarkers Determining Prognosis. Curr Med Chem 2019; 26:909-915. [DOI: 10.2174/0929867324666170727115642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2016] [Revised: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a common cardiac arrhythmia known to incite increased
thromboembolic and mortality risks, especially among patients not under anticoagulant
therapy when indicated. Several routine scores exist to help stratify AF patients,
such as the CHAD2DS2-VASc score and upon which physicians are based to decide
whether to administer anticoagulant therapy. Being that anticoagulant regimen is a double-
edged situation with both benefits and risks, decision-making process demands a definite
and reliable, evidence-based set of data to rely on. Blood-based biological elements
known as biomarkers are measurable indices that can provide crucial insights concerning
not only underlying disease mechanisms but also prognostic and risk stratifying information.
As AF is constituted by an overwhelming range of pathophysiological aspects such
as inflammation, fibrosis, hypercoagulable states and myocardial damage, identifying and
assessing relevant biomarkers will evidently support the clinician’s prognostication efforts.
The current reviewpresents studied biomarkers with proven prognostic potential in
AF as well as possible enhancement of risk-scores when incorporated to them.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Savas Mazaris
- Department of Cardiology, ‘Hippokration' General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - Gerasimos Siasos
- Department of Cardiology, ‘Hippokration' General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - Evangelos Oikonomou
- Department of Cardiology, ‘Hippokration' General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - Vicky Tsigkou
- Department of Cardiology, ‘Hippokration' General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - Manolis Vavuranakis
- Department of Cardiology, ‘Hippokration' General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - Eleni Kokkou
- Department of Cardiology, ‘Hippokration' General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - Marina Zaromitidou
- Department of Cardiology, ‘Hippokration' General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - Georgios-Angelos Papamikroulis
- Department of Cardiology, ‘Hippokration' General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - Athanasios G Papavassiliou
- Department of Cardiology, ‘Hippokration' General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - Spyridon Papaioannou
- Department of Cardiology, ‘Hippokration' General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Papageorgiou
- Department of Cardiology, ‘Hippokration' General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - George Latsios
- Department of Cardiology, ‘Hippokration' General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Dimitris Tousoulis
- Department of Cardiology, ‘Hippokration' General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Wang XL, Sun W, Zhou YL, Li L. Rosuvastatin stabilizes atherosclerotic plaques by reducing CD40L overexpression-induced downregulation of P4Hα1 in ApoE -/- mice. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2018; 105:70-77. [PMID: 30336263 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2018.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Revised: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Background Cluster of differentiation 40 ligand (CD40L) and rosuvastatin (RSV) affect atherosclerotic plaque stability, but little is known about their roles in extracellular matrix (ECM) production. We investigated the effects of CD40L and RSV on pre-existing advanced plaques. Methods and results Pre-existing advanced plaques were induced in apolipoprotein E-knockout (ApoE-/-) mice by the surgical placement of carotid constrictive silastic collars. Two weeks after surgery, mice were divided into the following treatment groups: control, empty adenovirus, CD40L adenovirus, CD40L adenovirus + RSV, and RSV. Mice received adenovirus via two tail-vein injections (2 × 109 pfu each) and/or RSV via intragastric administration (5 mg/kg; daily for 4 weeks). Mice in the CD40L adenovirus group exhibited increased plaque disruption rates, increased relative plaque macrophage and lipid content, reduced plaque collagen content, and increased local inflammation compared to the other treatment groups, but no significant differences in plaque area were observed among the groups. Notably, in the atherosclerotic plaques of the CD40L adenovirus group, both the mRNA and protein expression of prolyl-4-hydroxylase alpha 1 (P4Hα1) was significantly decreased, leading to a consequent decrease in the protein expression of collagen types I and III. Treatment with RSV decreased the serum levels of CD40L in a lipid-independent fashion and attenuated the effects of CD40L overexpression, particularly with respect to P4Hα1 downregulation. Conclusions CD40L destabilized advanced plaques in the carotid arteries of ApoE-/- mice, in part by decreasing P4Hα1 expression, and consequently collagen expression. These destabilizing effects were attenuated by RSV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Lin Wang
- Center for Vascular Disease and Translational Medicine, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, China; Department of Cardiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, China
| | - Wei Sun
- Department of Nursing, Liaocheng Vocational & Technical College, Liaocheng, Shandong, 252000, China
| | - Yuan-Li Zhou
- Department of Health, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250013, China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Cardiology, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, 105 Jiefang Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250013, China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Bornachea O, Vea A, Llorente-Cortes V. Interplay between epicardial adipose tissue, metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. CLINICA E INVESTIGACION EN ARTERIOSCLEROSIS 2018; 30:230-239. [PMID: 29903689 DOI: 10.1016/j.arteri.2018.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2017] [Revised: 02/24/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is the primary cause of death in obese and diabetic patients. In these groups of patients, the alterations of epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) contribute to both vascular and myocardial dysfunction. Therefore, it is of clinical interest to determine the mechanisms by which EAT influences cardiovascular disease. Two key factors contribute to the tight intercommunication among EAT, coronary arteries and myocardium. One is the close anatomical proximity between these tissues. The other is the capacity of EAT to secrete cytokines and other molecules with paracrine and vasocrine effects on the cardiovascular system. Epidemiological studies have demonstrated that EAT thickness is associated with not only metabolic syndrome but also atherosclerosis and heart failure. The evaluation of EAT using imaging modalities, although effective, presents several disadvantages including radiation exposure, limited availability and elevated costs. Therefore, there is a clinical interest in EAT as a source of new biomarkers of cardiovascular and endocrine alterations. In this review, we revise the mechanisms involved in the protective and pathological role of EAT and present the molecules released by EAT with greater potential to become biomarkers of cardiometabolic alterations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olga Bornachea
- Institute of Biomedical Research IIB-Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Biomedical Research of Barcelona (IibB)-CSIC, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Angela Vea
- Institute of Biomedical Research IIB-Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Vicenta Llorente-Cortes
- Institute of Biomedical Research IIB-Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Biomedical Research of Barcelona (IibB)-CSIC, Barcelona, Spain; CIBERCV, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
|
13
|
Siasos G, Lazaros G, Oikonomou E, Zografos T, Antonopoulos A, Papaioannou S, Latsios G, Vavuranakis M, Stefanadis C, Tousoulis D. The prognostic role of C-reactive protein after myocardial infarction in patients with normal or mildly impaired left ventricle systolic function. Int J Cardiol 2016; 220:173-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2016.06.135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Accepted: 06/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
14
|
Pan W, Yu H, Huang S, Zhu P. Resveratrol Protects against TNF-α-Induced Injury in Human Umbilical Endothelial Cells through Promoting Sirtuin-1-Induced Repression of NF-KB and p38 MAPK. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0147034. [PMID: 26799794 PMCID: PMC4723256 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0147034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 12/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation and reactive oxygen species (ROS) play important roles in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Resveratrol has been shown to possess anti-inflammatory and antioxidative stress activities, but the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. In the present study, we investigated the molecular basis associated with the protective effects of resveratrol on tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α)-induced injury in human umbilical endothelial cells (HUVECs) using a variety of approaches including a cell viability assay, reverse transcription and quantitative polymerase chain reaction, western blot, and immunofluorescence staining. We showed that TNF-α induced CD40 expression and ROS production in cultured HUVECs, which were attenuated by resveratrol treatment. Also, resveratrol increased the expression of sirtuin 1 (SIRT1); and repression of SIRT1 by small-interfering RNA (siRNA) and the SIRT1 inhibitor Ex527 reduced the inhibitory effects of resveratrol on CD40 expression and ROS generation. In addition, resveratrol downregulated the levels of p65 and phospho-p38 MAPK, but this inhibitory effect was attenuated by the suppression of SIRT1 activity. Moreover, the p38 MAPK inhibitor SD203580 and the nuclear factor (NF)-κB inhibitor pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC) achieved similar repressive effects as resveratrol on TNF-α-induced ROS generation and CD40 expression. Thus, our study provides a mechanistic link between resveratrol and the activation of SIRT1, the latter of which is involved in resveratrol-mediated repression of the p38 MAPK/NF-κB pathway and ROS production in TNF-α-treated HUVECs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Pan
- Provincial Clinical Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Huizhen Yu
- Provincial Clinical Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Department of Geriatrics, Fujian Provincial Hospital Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Institute of Clinical Geriatrics, Fuzhou, China
| | - Shujie Huang
- Fujian Institute of Clinical Geriatrics, Fuzhou, China
| | - Pengli Zhu
- Provincial Clinical Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Institute of Clinical Geriatrics, Fuzhou, China
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
de Oliveira FA, Barreto AS, Bomfim LGS, Leite TRS, dos Santos PL, de Almeida RP, da Silva ÂM, Duthie MS, Reed SG, de Moura TR, Ribeiro de Jesus A. Soluble CD40 Ligand in Sera of Subjects Exposed to Leishmania infantum Infection Reduces the Parasite Load in Macrophages. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0141265. [PMID: 26488744 PMCID: PMC4619201 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0141265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND While CD40L is typically a membrane glycoprotein expressed on activated T cells and platelets that binds and activates CD40 on the surface on antigen presenting cells, a soluble derivative (sCD40L) that appears to retain its biological activity after cleavage from cell membrane also exists. We recently reported that sCD40L is associated with clinical resolution of visceral leishmaniasis and protection against the disease. In the present study we investigated if this sCD40L is functional and exerts anti-parasitic effect in L. infantum-infected macrophages. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Macrophages from normal human donors were infected with L. infantum promastigotes and incubated with either sera from subjects exposed to L. infantum infection, monoclonal antibodies against human CD40L, or an isotype control antibody. We then evaluated infection by counting the number of infected cells and the number of parasites in each cell. We also measured a variety of immune modulatory cytokines in these macrophage culture supernatants by Luminex assay. The addition of sCD40L, either recombinant or from infected individuals' serum, decreased both the number of infected macrophages and number of intracellular parasites. Moreover, this treatment increased the production of IL-12, IL-23, IL-27, IL-15, and IL1β such that negative correlations between the levels of these cytokines with both the infection ratio and number of intracellular parasites were observed. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE sCD40L from sera of subjects exposed to L. infantum is functional and improves both the control of parasite and production of inflamatory cytokines of infected macrophages. Although the mechanisms involved in parasite killing are still unclear and require further exploration, these findings indicate a protective role of sCD40L in visceral leishmaniasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Aline Silva Barreto
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Hospital Universitário, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, Aracaju, Brazil
| | - Lays G. S. Bomfim
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Hospital Universitário, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, Aracaju, Brazil
| | - Talita Rebeca S. Leite
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Hospital Universitário, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, Aracaju, Brazil
| | - Priscila Lima dos Santos
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Hospital Universitário, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, Aracaju, Brazil
| | - Roque Pacheco de Almeida
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Hospital Universitário, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, Aracaju, Brazil
- Instituto de Investigação em Imunologia, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ângela Maria da Silva
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Hospital Universitário, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, Aracaju, Brazil
| | - Malcolm S. Duthie
- Infectious Disease Research Institute (IDRI), Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Steven G. Reed
- Infectious Disease Research Institute (IDRI), Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Tatiana Rodrigues de Moura
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Hospital Universitário, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, Aracaju, Brazil
| | - Amélia Ribeiro de Jesus
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Hospital Universitário, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, Aracaju, Brazil
- Instituto de Investigação em Imunologia, São Paulo, Brazil
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Szewieczek J, Francuz T, Dulawa J, Legierska K, Hornik B, Włodarczyk I, Janusz-Jenczeń M, Batko-Szwaczka A. Functional measures, inflammatory markers and endothelin-1 as predictors of 360-day survival in centenarians. AGE (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2015; 37:85. [PMID: 26289439 PMCID: PMC5005827 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-015-9822-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2015] [Accepted: 07/28/2015] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Centenarians represent a rapidly growing population. To better characterize this specific age group, we have performed a cross-sectional study to observe associations between functional measures and a range of biochemical markers, including inflammatory markers and their significance as predictors of 360-day survival. Medical history and physical and functional assessment (Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Katz Index (activities of daily living, ADL) and Barthel Index (Barthel Index) of Activities of Daily Living, and Lawton Instrumental Activities of Daily Living Scale (Lawton IADL)) were conducted on 86 101.9 ± 1.2-year-old (mean ± SD) subjects (70 women, 16 men). Blood tests were performed on 84 subjects of whom 43 also had extended biomarker assessment. As a reference group 30 51.8 ± 5.0-year old healthy subjects (20 women, 10 men) were recruited. The centenarians received follow-up phone calls. Fifty-two centenarians (60 %) survived ≥360 days. Longer survival was associated with higher MMSE (hazard ratio, HR = 0.934, 95 % confidence interval (CI) 0.896-0.975, P = .002), ADL (HR = 0.840, 95 % CI 0.716-0.985, P = .032), Barthel Index (HR = 0.988, 95 % CI 0.977-0.999, P = .026), and albumin level (HR .926, 95 % CI 0.870-0.986, P .016) and with lower white blood cell (WBC) (HR = 1.161, 95 % CI 1.059-1.273, P = .001), C-reactive protein (CRP) (HR = 1.032, 95 % CI 1.014-1.050, P < .001), IL-6 (HR = 1.182, 95 % CI 1.047-1.335, P = .007), and endothelin-1 (ET-1) level (HR = 3.711, 95 % CI 1.233-11.169, P = .020). Centenarians had higher 360-day survival probability with MMSE ≥13 (P < .001), ADL ≥1 (P < .001), Barthel Index ≥15 (P < .001), Lawton IADL ≥10 points (P = .009), WBC <8.3 G/L (P = .039), CRP <10 mg/L (P < .001), IL-6 <6 pg/mL (P .002), and ET-1 <1.1 pg/mL (P .007). Our results indicate that functional measures, inflammatory markers, and endothelin-1 are predictors of 360-day survival in centenarians.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Szewieczek
- Department of Geriatrics, School of Health Sciences in Katowice, SUM, SPSK NR 7 SUM GCM, ul. Ziolowa 45/47, 40-635, Katowice, Poland,
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Kuijpers MJ, Mattheij NJ, Cipolla L, van Geffen JP, Lawrence T, Donners MM, Boon L, Lievens D, Torti M, Noels H, Gerdes N, Cosemans JM, Lutgens E, Heemskerk JW. Platelet CD40L Modulates Thrombus Growth Via Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase β, and Not Via CD40 and IκB Kinase α. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2015; 35:1374-81. [DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.114.305127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Accepted: 04/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Objective—
To investigate the roles and signaling pathways of CD40L and CD40 in platelet–platelet interactions and thrombus formation under conditions relevant for atherothrombosis.
Approach and Results—
Platelets from mice prone to atherosclerosis lacking CD40L (
Cd40lg
−/−
Apoe
−/−
) showed diminished α
IIb
β
3
activation and α-granule secretion in response to glycoprotein VI stimulation, whereas these responses of CD40-deficient platelets (
Cd40
−/−
Apoe
−/−
) were not decreased. Using blood from
Cd40lg
−/−
Apoe
−/−
and
Cd40
−/−
Apoe
−/−
mice, the glycoprotein VI-dependent formation of dense thrombi was impaired on atherosclerotic plaque material or on collagen, in comparison with
Apoe
−/−
blood. In all genotypes, addition of CD40L to the blood enhanced the growth of dense thrombi on plaques and collagen. Similarly, CD40L enhanced glycoprotein VI–induced platelet aggregation, even with platelets deficient in CD40. This potentiation was antagonized in
Pik3cb
R/R
platelets or by inhibiting phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase β (PI3Kβ). Addition of CD40L also enhanced collagen-induced Akt phosphorylation, which was again antagonized by absence or inhibition of PI3Kβ. Finally, platelets from
Chuk1
A/A
Apoe
−/−
mice deficient in IκB kinase α (IKKα), implicated in CD40 signaling to nuclear factor (NF) κB, showed unchanged responses to CD40L in aggregation or thrombus formation.
Conclusions—
Under atherogenic conditions, CD40L enhances collagen-induced platelet–platelet interactions by supporting integrin α
IIb
β
3
activation, secretion and thrombus growth via PI3Kβ, but not via CD40 and IKKα/NFκB. This role of CD40L exceeds the no more than modest role of CD40 in thrombus formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marijke J.E. Kuijpers
- From the Departments of Biochemistry (M.J.E.K., N.J.A.M., L.C., J.P.v.G., J.M.E.M.C., J.W.M.H.) and Molecular Genetics (M.M.P.C.D.), CARIM, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands; Division of Biochemistry, Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy (L.C., M.T.); Centre d’Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France (T.L.); Bioceros, Utrecht, The Netherlands (L.B.); Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians
| | - Nadine J.A. Mattheij
- From the Departments of Biochemistry (M.J.E.K., N.J.A.M., L.C., J.P.v.G., J.M.E.M.C., J.W.M.H.) and Molecular Genetics (M.M.P.C.D.), CARIM, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands; Division of Biochemistry, Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy (L.C., M.T.); Centre d’Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France (T.L.); Bioceros, Utrecht, The Netherlands (L.B.); Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians
| | - Lina Cipolla
- From the Departments of Biochemistry (M.J.E.K., N.J.A.M., L.C., J.P.v.G., J.M.E.M.C., J.W.M.H.) and Molecular Genetics (M.M.P.C.D.), CARIM, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands; Division of Biochemistry, Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy (L.C., M.T.); Centre d’Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France (T.L.); Bioceros, Utrecht, The Netherlands (L.B.); Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians
| | - Johanna P. van Geffen
- From the Departments of Biochemistry (M.J.E.K., N.J.A.M., L.C., J.P.v.G., J.M.E.M.C., J.W.M.H.) and Molecular Genetics (M.M.P.C.D.), CARIM, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands; Division of Biochemistry, Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy (L.C., M.T.); Centre d’Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France (T.L.); Bioceros, Utrecht, The Netherlands (L.B.); Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians
| | - Toby Lawrence
- From the Departments of Biochemistry (M.J.E.K., N.J.A.M., L.C., J.P.v.G., J.M.E.M.C., J.W.M.H.) and Molecular Genetics (M.M.P.C.D.), CARIM, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands; Division of Biochemistry, Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy (L.C., M.T.); Centre d’Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France (T.L.); Bioceros, Utrecht, The Netherlands (L.B.); Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians
| | - Marjo M.P.C. Donners
- From the Departments of Biochemistry (M.J.E.K., N.J.A.M., L.C., J.P.v.G., J.M.E.M.C., J.W.M.H.) and Molecular Genetics (M.M.P.C.D.), CARIM, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands; Division of Biochemistry, Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy (L.C., M.T.); Centre d’Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France (T.L.); Bioceros, Utrecht, The Netherlands (L.B.); Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians
| | - Louis Boon
- From the Departments of Biochemistry (M.J.E.K., N.J.A.M., L.C., J.P.v.G., J.M.E.M.C., J.W.M.H.) and Molecular Genetics (M.M.P.C.D.), CARIM, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands; Division of Biochemistry, Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy (L.C., M.T.); Centre d’Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France (T.L.); Bioceros, Utrecht, The Netherlands (L.B.); Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians
| | - Dirk Lievens
- From the Departments of Biochemistry (M.J.E.K., N.J.A.M., L.C., J.P.v.G., J.M.E.M.C., J.W.M.H.) and Molecular Genetics (M.M.P.C.D.), CARIM, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands; Division of Biochemistry, Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy (L.C., M.T.); Centre d’Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France (T.L.); Bioceros, Utrecht, The Netherlands (L.B.); Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians
| | - Mauro Torti
- From the Departments of Biochemistry (M.J.E.K., N.J.A.M., L.C., J.P.v.G., J.M.E.M.C., J.W.M.H.) and Molecular Genetics (M.M.P.C.D.), CARIM, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands; Division of Biochemistry, Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy (L.C., M.T.); Centre d’Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France (T.L.); Bioceros, Utrecht, The Netherlands (L.B.); Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians
| | - Heidi Noels
- From the Departments of Biochemistry (M.J.E.K., N.J.A.M., L.C., J.P.v.G., J.M.E.M.C., J.W.M.H.) and Molecular Genetics (M.M.P.C.D.), CARIM, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands; Division of Biochemistry, Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy (L.C., M.T.); Centre d’Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France (T.L.); Bioceros, Utrecht, The Netherlands (L.B.); Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians
| | - Norbert Gerdes
- From the Departments of Biochemistry (M.J.E.K., N.J.A.M., L.C., J.P.v.G., J.M.E.M.C., J.W.M.H.) and Molecular Genetics (M.M.P.C.D.), CARIM, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands; Division of Biochemistry, Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy (L.C., M.T.); Centre d’Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France (T.L.); Bioceros, Utrecht, The Netherlands (L.B.); Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians
| | - Judith M.E.M. Cosemans
- From the Departments of Biochemistry (M.J.E.K., N.J.A.M., L.C., J.P.v.G., J.M.E.M.C., J.W.M.H.) and Molecular Genetics (M.M.P.C.D.), CARIM, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands; Division of Biochemistry, Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy (L.C., M.T.); Centre d’Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France (T.L.); Bioceros, Utrecht, The Netherlands (L.B.); Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians
| | - Esther Lutgens
- From the Departments of Biochemistry (M.J.E.K., N.J.A.M., L.C., J.P.v.G., J.M.E.M.C., J.W.M.H.) and Molecular Genetics (M.M.P.C.D.), CARIM, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands; Division of Biochemistry, Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy (L.C., M.T.); Centre d’Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France (T.L.); Bioceros, Utrecht, The Netherlands (L.B.); Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians
| | - Johan W.M. Heemskerk
- From the Departments of Biochemistry (M.J.E.K., N.J.A.M., L.C., J.P.v.G., J.M.E.M.C., J.W.M.H.) and Molecular Genetics (M.M.P.C.D.), CARIM, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands; Division of Biochemistry, Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy (L.C., M.T.); Centre d’Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France (T.L.); Bioceros, Utrecht, The Netherlands (L.B.); Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Speciale A, Cimino F, Saija A, Canali R, Virgili F. Bioavailability and molecular activities of anthocyanins as modulators of endothelial function. GENES & NUTRITION 2014; 9:404. [PMID: 24838260 PMCID: PMC4169059 DOI: 10.1007/s12263-014-0404-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2014] [Accepted: 05/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Anthocyanins (AC) are water-soluble natural pigments found in various parts of higher plants. Despite their limited oral bioavailability and very low post-absorption plasma concentrations, the dietary consumption of these pigments has been proposed to be associated with a significant protection against several human pathological conditions, including cardiovascular diseases. Many studies highlighted that some health benefits of AC localize in particular at endothelium level, contributing to vascular homeostasis and also to the control of angiogenesis, inflammation, and platelet aggregation. This review reports and comments on the large existing literature addressing the molecular mechanisms that, beyond the antioxidant properties, may have a significant role in the effects of AC and AC-rich foods on vessel endothelium. Among these, AC have been reported to prevent peroxynitrite-mediated endothelial dysfunction in endothelial cells (ECs), thanks to their capability to modulate the expression and activity of several enzymes involved in NO metabolism. Furthermore, evidence indicates that AC can prevent the expression of adhesion molecules and the adhesion of monocytes to ECs challenged by pro-inflammatory agents. Overall, the activity of AC could be associated with the ability to elicit cell adaptive responses involving the transcription factor Nrf2 by affecting the "nucleophilic tone" of the organism. This review confirms the importance of specific nutritional molecules for human health and suggests new avenues for nutrition-based interventions to reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease in the population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Speciale
- />Department Drug Sciences and Health Products, University of Messina, Viale Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Francesco Cimino
- />Department Drug Sciences and Health Products, University of Messina, Viale Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Antonella Saija
- />Department Drug Sciences and Health Products, University of Messina, Viale Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Raffaella Canali
- />Agricultural Research Council - Food and Nutrition Research Centre (C.R.A.- NUT), Rome, Italy
| | - Fabio Virgili
- />Agricultural Research Council - Food and Nutrition Research Centre (C.R.A.- NUT), Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Sanchooli J, Ramroodi N, Sanadgol N, Sarabandi V, Ravan H, Rad RS. Relationship between metalloproteinase 2 and 9 concentrations and soluble CD154 expression in Iranian patients with multiple sclerosis. Kaohsiung J Med Sci 2014; 30:235-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.kjms.2013.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2013] [Accepted: 10/08/2013] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
|
20
|
Xie JH, Yamniuk AP, Borowski V, Kuhn R, Susulic V, Rex-Rabe S, Yang X, Zhou X, Zhang Y, Gillooly K, Brosius R, Ravishankar R, Waggie K, Mink K, Price L, Rehfuss R, Tamura J, An Y, Cheng L, Abramczyk B, Ignatovich O, Drew P, Grant S, Bryson JW, Suchard S, Salter-Cid L, Nadler S, Suri A. Engineering of a Novel Anti-CD40L Domain Antibody for Treatment of Autoimmune Diseases. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 192:4083-92. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1303239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
|
21
|
Generation of mice with conditional ablation of the Cd40lg gene: new insights on the role of CD40L. Transgenic Res 2013; 23:53-66. [PMID: 24030045 DOI: 10.1007/s11248-013-9743-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2013] [Accepted: 08/21/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
CD40 ligand (CD40L) acts as an immune modulator in activated T cells, and mutations in the extracellular domain are associated to X-linked hyper IgM syndrome. A role for platelet CD40L in mediating thrombotic and inflammatory processes in atherosclerosis has also been reported. Using the Cre/loxP recombination technology we generated four knockout lines of mice with deletion of the Cd40lg gene restricted to the hematopoietic system. Mouse lines with expression of Cre recombinase driven by the Tie2, Vav1, or CD4 promoters showed in vivo ablation of CD40L in leukocytes and platelets. In contrast, in mice with Cre expression driven by the megakaryocyte lineage-restricted Pf4 promoter, abolition of CD40L expression was observed in megakaryocytes cultured in vitro, but not in circulating platelets. Characterization of these animals revealed reduced in vivo thrombogenesis and defective activation of washed CD40L-deficient platelets, suggesting that membrane-bound CD40L is involved in the control of haemostasis acting as a platelet co-activator. In addition, we report the practically absence of CD40L in mouse and human endothelial cells, as well as the detection of an exon 3-deleted CD40L transcript in both platelets and leukocytes of mouse and human origin. Finally, compared with their corresponding littermate floxed controls, Cre+ mice carrying CD40-deficient leukocytes did not exhibit increased IgM levels, and reduction of IgA and IgG levels was statistically significant only in Tie2-Cre+ mice, suggesting that expression of CD40L in an earlier developmental step may be determinant in the regulation of the class switch recombination process.
Collapse
|
22
|
Association of CD40 −1C/T polymorphism with cerebral infarction susceptibility and its effect on sCD40L in Chinese population. Int Immunopharmacol 2013; 16:461-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2013.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2012] [Revised: 03/25/2013] [Accepted: 04/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
23
|
Yayan J. Emerging families of biomarkers for coronary artery disease: inflammatory mediators. Vasc Health Risk Manag 2013; 9:435-56. [PMID: 23983474 PMCID: PMC3751465 DOI: 10.2147/vhrm.s45704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Inflammation has been implicated in the development of atherosclerosis in patients with acute coronary syndrome. C-reactive protein is an established nonspecific prognostic inflammatory biomarker for patients with acute coronary syndrome in the medical literature. This has led to a concerted effort to identify circulating inflammatory biomarkers to facilitate predicting the risk for and diagnosing coronary artery disease in at-risk subjects. The objective of this study was to search after novel inflammatory biomarkers reported as useful for diagnosing coronary artery disease. Methods The PubMed database was searched for reports published from January 1, 2000 to June 30, 2012 of novel circulating biomarkers for coronary artery disease in addition to the established biomarker, C-reactive protein. The search terms used were “infarction”, “biomarkers”, and “markers”, and only original articles describing clinical trials that were written in English were included. All published articles were separately examined carefully after novel inflammatory markers for acute coronary syndrome. All irrelevant publications without content pertaining to inflammatory biomarkers for acute coronary syndrome were excluded from this study. Our results reflect all articles concerning biomarkers in humans. Results The PubMed search yielded 4,415 research articles. After further analysis, all relevant published original articles examining 53 biomarkers were included in this review, which identified 46 inflammation biomarkers useful for detecting coronary artery disease. Conclusion The emergence of diverse novel biomarkers for coronary artery disease has provided insight into the varied pathophysiology of this disease. Inflammatory biomarkers have tremendous potential in aiding the prediction of acute coronary syndrome and recurrent ischemic episodes, and will eventually help improve patient care and management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Josef Yayan
- Department of internal Medicine, University Hospital of Saarland, Homburg/Saar, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
de Oliveira FA, Vanessa Oliveira Silva C, Damascena NP, Passos RO, Duthie MS, Guderian JA, Bhatia A, de Moura TR, Reed SG, de Almeida RP, de Jesus AR. High levels of soluble CD40 ligand and matrix metalloproteinase-9 in serum are associated with favorable clinical evolution in human visceral leishmaniasis. BMC Infect Dis 2013; 13:331. [PMID: 23870715 PMCID: PMC3733913 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2334-13-331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2012] [Accepted: 07/10/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Soluble CD40 ligand (sCD40L) and matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) are inflammation markers and have been poorly described in infectious disease. In this prospective study, we describe the sera kinetics of these two molecules in the course of treatment follow up in human visceral leishmaniasis (VL). METHODS Sera from VL patients were collected before and during follow up of regular Antimony treatment. sCD40L and MMP-9 were measured by Luminex assay. Paired analysis by Wilcoxon signed test was used for comparison of values of the same subjects before and after initiation of treatment. Correlations between clinical data and parasite load with the serum levels of sCD40L and MMP-9 were performed by Spearman test. Tests were considered statistically significant if the probability of a type I error was less than 5% (p-value < 0.05). RESULTS While sCD40L and MMP-9 were not observed in sera from non endemic controls which are at low risk of Leishmania chagasi infection, elevated levels were observed in sera from VL patients, and an increase in sCD40L and MMP-9 levels were detectable during the follow-up of VL patients undergoing antimony treatment. sCD40L levels were also high in individuals living in endemic settings at high risk of infection (endemic controls). Additionally, negative correlations were found between spleen sizes and MMP-9 before treatment and sCD40L at day 15 of treatment. Negative correlations were also found between parasite load with both sCD40L and MMP-9. CONCLUSION Serum sCD40L and MMP-9 are identified as new and simple biomarkers in two situations: (i) monitoring the success of therapy and (ii) predicting favorable clinical outcome of human VL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fabrícia Alvisi de Oliveira
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Hospital Universitário - Universidade Federal de Sergipe, Rua Claudio Batista s/n, Bairro Sanatório, Aracaju, Sergipe 49060-10, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Seijkens T, Kusters P, Engel D, Lutgens E. CD40-CD40L: linking pancreatic, adipose tissue and vascular inflammation in type 2 diabetes and its complications. Diab Vasc Dis Res 2013; 10:115-22. [PMID: 22965071 DOI: 10.1177/1479164112455817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Numerous epidemiological studies have consistently demonstrated the strong association between type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and an increased risk to develop cardiovascular disease. The pathogenesis of T2DM and its complications are characterized by pancreatic, adipose tissue and vascular inflammation. CD40 and CD40L, members of the tumour necrosis factor (receptor) TNF(R) family, are well known for their role in immunity and inflammation. Here we give an overview on the role of CD40-CD40L interactions in the pathogenesis of T2DM with a special focus on pancreatic, adipose tissue and vascular inflammation. In addition, we explore the role of soluble CD40L (sCD40L) as a potential biomarker for the development of cardiovascular disease in T2DM subjects. Finally, the therapeutic potential of CD40-CD40L inhibition in T2DM is highlighted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tom Seijkens
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Study of association of CD40-CD154 gene polymorphisms with disease susceptibility and cardiovascular risk in Spanish rheumatoid arthritis patients. PLoS One 2012; 7:e49214. [PMID: 23166616 PMCID: PMC3499567 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0049214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2012] [Accepted: 10/05/2012] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disease associated with increased cardiovascular (CV) mortality. Since CD40-CD154 binding has direct consequences on inflammation process initiation, we aimed to replicate previous findings related to disease susceptibility in Spanish RA population. Furthermore, as the major complication in RA disease patients is the development of CV events due to accelerated atherosclerosis, and elevated levels of CD40L/CD154 are present in patients with acute myocardial infarction, we assessed the potential association of CD40 and CD154/CD40L gene variants with CV risk in Spanish RA patients. Methods One thousand five hundred and seventy-five patients fulfilling the 1987 ACR classification criteria for RA and 1600 matched controls were genotyped for the CD40 rs1883832, rs4810485 and rs1535045 and CD154 rs3092952 and rs3092920 gene polymorphisms, using predesigned TaqMan single nucleotide polymorphism genotyping assays. Afterwards, we investigated the influence of CD40-CD154 gene variants in the development of CV events. Also, in a subgroup of 273 patients without history of CV events, we assessed the influence of these polymorphisms in the risk of subclinical atherosclerosis determined by carotid ultrasonography. Results Nominally significant differences in the allele frequencies for the rs1883832 CD40 gene polymorphism between RA patients and controls were found (p = 0.038). Although we did not observe a significant association of CD40-CD154 gene variants with the development of CV events, an ANCOVA model adjusted for sex, age at the time of the ultrasonography assessment, follow-up time, traditional CV risk factors and anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibodies disclosed a significant association (p = 0.0047) between CD40 rs1535045 polymorphism and carotid intima media thickness, a surrogate marker of atherosclerosis. Conclusion Data from our pilot study indicate a potential association of rs1883832 CD40 gene polymorphism with susceptibility to RA. Also, the CD40 rs1535045 gene variant may influence development of subclinical atherosclerosis in RA patients.
Collapse
|
27
|
Potential role of blood microRNAs as non-invasive biomarkers for early detection of asymptomatic coronary atherosclerosis in obese children with metabolic syndrome. Med Hypotheses 2012; 79:889-93. [PMID: 23062773 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2012.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2012] [Revised: 09/17/2012] [Accepted: 09/24/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The pandemic of the childhood obesity represent a major public health problem all over the world. This leads to detection of many health conditions that were previously considered an adulthood diseases. The rise in the prevalence of the obesity and overweight among children means that the world will face an explosion in the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome (MS), which increases the risk of atherosclerotic disease and death in adulthood. The atherosclerotic process has proved to develop silently for decades during childhood and adolescence before the cardiovascular complications such as myocardial infarction and stroke occur. This means that obese children especially with MS could have heart attacks and suffer from heart disease in an age when they should be very healthy, but most of these data either derived from autopsy findings or studies that confirmed the presence of peripheral atherosclerosis. Very early detection of coronary atherosclerosis in obese children with metabolic syndrome through a non invasive method will be of great importance, allowing for early therapeutic intervention. The discovery of microRNAs (miRNAs) is considered a major scientific breakthrough in the last years; recent studies have suggested a potentially important role of miRNAs in the control of diversity aspects of cardiac functions in health and disease including coronary atherosclerosis. Moreover, circulating miRNAs profiles recently used as a non-invasive biomarker for diagnosis of multiple cardiovascular diseases. The identification of distinct circulating miRNA profiles may impact the development of specific miRNAs as biomarkers in pediatric cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, we postulate that some of these circulating miRNAs may be a potential biomarker for early non-invasive diagnosis of coronary atherosclerosis in very early asymptomatic stage in obese children with metabolic syndrome, giving an excellent chance to fight against the first killer in the adult population in childhood period.
Collapse
|
28
|
Abstract
Accurate and readily available systems for risk stratification and a wide array of antithrombotic agents, on top of classical anti-ischemic drugs, provide the noninvasive cardiologist admitting the patient in the CCU with an effective and reliable armamentarium for the safe management of most patients with ACS. From the interventionalist's perspective, the immediate knowledge of the coronary anatomy yields the most valuable information to address the most appropriate treatment. The sooner angiography is performed the higher the benefit for patients at moderate to high risk, but if performed by expert teams and with the correct use of modern drugs and devices, the invasive approach has the potential to reduce costs and length of hospital stay also in low-risk patients. Although still some reluctance remains to equalize treatment strategies for patients with STEMI to those with NSTEMI, such differences will likely disappear in the near future with upcoming new evidence. Cardiac surgery may represent a life-saving alternative for patients presenting with NSTEMI evolving in cardiogenic shock or with mechanical complications, or in patients unsuitable for PCI or with failed PCI attempts. In stabilized conditions after the treatment of the culprit lesion, patients with severe multivessel disease may benefit from cardiac surgery to complete myocardial revascularization. Indications for CABG in this setting should be evaluated in the context of a local "heart team" or through prespecified protocols in centers without cardiac surgery on site.
Collapse
|