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Abstract
Traceless solid-phase synthesis represents an ultimate sophisticated synthetic strategy on insoluble supports. Compounds synthesized on solid supports can be released without a trace of the linker that was used to tether the intermediates during the synthesis. Thus, the target products are composed only of the components (atoms, functional groups) inherent to the target core structure. A wide variety of synthetic strategies have been developed to prepare products in a traceless manner, and this review is dedicated to all aspects of traceless solid-phase organic synthesis. Importantly, the synthesis does not need to be carried out on a linker designed for traceless synthesis; most of the synthetic approaches described herein were developed using standard, commercially available linkers (originally devised for solid-phase peptide synthesis). The type of structure prepared in a traceless fashion is not restricted. The individual synthetic approaches are divided into eight sections, each devoted to a different methodology for traceless synthesis. Each section consists of a brief outline of the synthetic strategy followed by a description of individual reported syntheses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naděžda Cankařová
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science , Palacky University , 17. Listopadu 12 , Olomouc , 771 46 , Czech Republic
| | - Eva Schütznerová
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science , Palacky University , 17. Listopadu 12 , Olomouc , 771 46 , Czech Republic
| | - Viktor Krchňák
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science , Palacky University , 17. Listopadu 12 , Olomouc , 771 46 , Czech Republic.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Notre Dame , 251 Nieuwland Science Center , Notre Dame , Indiana 46556 , United States
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Prasad V, Mishra N, Agrahari AK, Singh SK, Mohapatra PP, Tiwari VK. Cycloelimination-assisted Combinatorial Synthesis of Diverse Heterocyclic Scaffolds of Chemotherapeutic Values. CURR ORG CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.2174/1385272823666190405145805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances in high-throughput, automated techniques combined with the identification of new therapeutic targets in genome sequencing and molecular biology have generated a need for a large collection of diverse heterocyclic scaffolds. This inspires toward the development of novel reaction sequences and linking strategies to generate libraries of diverse simple to complex heterocyclic systems. In this regard, combinatorial chemistry has emerged as an excellent technology platform for the rapid assembly of building blocks to synthesize complex molecular structures with great ease in a few synthetic steps. By means of the implementation of high-throughput screening for the biological evaluation of hits and leads, combinatorial libraries have become important assets in drug discovery and development. In the last two decades, the cyclorelease strategy that minimizes the chemical and tethering implications by releasing the intact desired target molecule in the final step of reaction has attracted much attention. Recently, a particular interest is developing in linking strategies, where loading and cleavage steps contribute to the complexity of the target structure rather than only extraneous manipulations. This review summarises the practical and high-yielding approaches of solid phase combinatorial synthesis for diverse high-purity heterocyclic skeletons of pharmacological importance involving the cycloelimination strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virendra Prasad
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221005, India
| | - Nidhi Mishra
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221005, India
| | - Anand K. Agrahari
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221005, India
| | - Sumit K. Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221005, India
| | | | - Vinod K. Tiwari
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221005, India
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Aparna EP, Devaky KS. Advances in the Solid-Phase Synthesis of Pyrimidine Derivatives. ACS COMBINATORIAL SCIENCE 2019; 21:35-68. [PMID: 30607935 DOI: 10.1021/acscombsci.8b00172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
This Review describes the existing synthetic approaches for the solid-phase synthesis (SPS) of differently substituted and fused pyrimidine derivatives. These synthetic strategies are classified on the basis of the different synthetic routes leading to the particular type of pyrimidine heterocycle formed. The Review discusses the application of a variety of polystyrene derived supports for the construction of pyrimidine rings. The effect of microwave heating on the solid-phase synthesis is also addressed in the review.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. P. Aparna
- School of Chemical Sciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, Kerala 686560, India
| | - K. S. Devaky
- School of Chemical Sciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, Kerala 686560, India
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4
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Carbain B, Schütznerová E, Přibylka A, Krchňák V. Solid-Phase Synthesis of 3,4-Dihydroquinoxalin-2(1H
)-ones via
the Cyclative Cleavage of N
-Arylated Carboxamides. Adv Synth Catal 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201500826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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6
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Cyclo-Release Strategy in Solid-Phase Combinatorial Synthesis of Heterocyclic Skeletons. ADVANCES IN HETEROCYCLIC CHEMISTRY VOLUME 107 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-396532-5.00002-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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7
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Saha B, Sharma S, Kundu B. Efficient Method for the Synthesis of Benzimidazoquinazoline Derivatives with Three‐Point Diversity. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2007. [DOI: 10.1080/00397910701489453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Biswajit Saha
- a Medicinal Chemistry Division , Central Drug Research Institute , Lucknow, India
| | - Sunil Sharma
- a Medicinal Chemistry Division , Central Drug Research Institute , Lucknow, India
| | - Bijoy Kundu
- a Medicinal Chemistry Division , Central Drug Research Institute , Lucknow, India
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Dolle RE, Le Bourdonnec B, Morales GA, Moriarty KJ, Salvino JM. Comprehensive survey of combinatorial library synthesis: 2005. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 8:597-635. [PMID: 16961395 DOI: 10.1021/cc060095m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Roland E Dolle
- Adolor Corporation, 700 Pennsylvania Drive, Exton, Pennsylvania 19341, USA.
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Hwang JY, Gong YD. Solid-phase synthesis of the 2-aminobenzoxazole library using thioether linkage as the safety-catch linker. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 8:297-303. [PMID: 16676998 DOI: 10.1021/cc050149c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
An efficient solid-phase methodology has been developed for the synthesis of 2-aminobenzoxazole derivatives. The key step in this procedure involves preparation of polymer-bound 2-mercaptobenzoxazole resins 3 by reaction of the Merrifield resin with 2-aminophenols and CS(2) in the presence of DIC in MeCN. Oxidation of the resulting resins followed by treatment with amines gives the desired 2-aminobenzoxazole products 5. Further diversification can be introduced to the key resin 11, derived from the nitro group containing resin 3c. This process produces the corresponding amine, which upon reaction with acid chlorides and isocyanates can be used to generate various 6-functionalized 2-aminobenzoxazole analogues 13 and 15.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Yeon Hwang
- Medicinal Science Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Yusung, Daejon
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Salehi P, Dabiri M, Zolfigol MA, Baghbanzadeh M. A new approach to the facile synthesis of mono- and disubstituted quinazolin-4(3H)-ones under solvent-free conditions. Tetrahedron Lett 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2005.08.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Kundu B, Partani P, Duggineni S, Sawant D. Solid-Phase Synthesis of 2-Aminoquinazolinone Derivatives with Two- and Three-Point Diversity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 7:909-15. [PMID: 16283801 DOI: 10.1021/cc0500699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A versatile solid-phase method for the synthesis of various substituted 2-amino-4(3H)-quinazolinones with two- and three-point diversity is described. The synthesis commenced with the generation of polymer-bound S-methylisothiourea followed by N-acylation with different substituted o-nitrobenzoic acid. Finally, reduction of the nitro group triggered intramolecular cyclization via formation of guanidine to afford 2-amino-4(3H)-quinazolinone and its derivatives in high yields and purities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bijoy Kundu
- Medicinal Chemistry Division, Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India.
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Wang X, Dixon S, Kurth MJ, Lam KS. Traceless solid-phase synthesis of 1,4-disubstituted-6-nitro-3,4-dihydro-1H-quinoline-2-ones. Tetrahedron Lett 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2005.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Grover RK, Kesarwani AP, Srivastava GK, Kundu B, Roy R. Base catalyzed intramolecular transamidation of 2-aminoquinazoline derivatives on solid phase. Tetrahedron 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2005.03.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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