A furan ring expansion approach to the synthesis of novel pyridazino-psoralen derivatives

MEK inhibitors in cancer treatment: structural insights, regulation, recent advances and future perspectives

MEK1/2 are critical components of the RAS-RAF-MEK-ERK or MAPK signalling pathway that regulates a variety of cellular functions including proliferation, survival, and differentiation. In 1997, a lung cancer cell line was first found to have a MEK mutation (encoding MEK2P298L). MEK is involved in various human cancers such as non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), spurious melanoma, and pancreatic, colorectal, basal, breast, and liver cancer. To date, 4 MEK inhibitors i.e., trametinib, cobimetinib, selumetinib, and binimetinib have been approved by the FDA and several are under clinical trials. In this review, we have highlighted structural insights into the MEK1/2 proteins, such as the αC-helix, catalytic loop, P-loop, F-helix, hydrophobic pocket, and DFG motif. We have also discussed current issues with all FDA-approved MEK inhibitors or drugs under clinical trials and combination therapies to improve the efficacy of clinical drugs. Finally, this study addressed recent developments on synthetic MEK inhibitors (from their discovery in 1997 to 2022), their unique properties, and their relevance to MEK mutant inhibition.

Bis(benzofuran-thiazolidinone)s and bis(benzofuran-thiazinanone)s as inhibiting agents for chikungunya virus

There are currently still no approved antiviral drugs to treat or prevent chikungunya virus (CHIKV) infections despite the fact that this arbovirus continues to cause outbreaks in Africa, Asia, and South- and Central-America. Thus 20 new conjugated compounds in the families of bis(benzofuran-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one)s and bis(benzofuran-1,3-thiazinan-4-one)s were designed based on the structural features of suramin. These new compounds were synthesized by chemical methods and their structures were confirmed spectroscopically. In CPE reduction assays, six of these new bis-conjugates inhibited CHIKV replication in Vero E6 cells with EC₅₀ in the range of 1.9-2.7 μM and selectivity index values of ∼75 or higher. These results and compounds provide a starting point for further optimization, design, and synthesis of new antiviral agents for this (re)emerging disease.

Synthesis of New Derivatives of Pyridazino[6,1-c]Pyrimido[5,4-e][1,2,4]Triazine; a Novel Heterocyclic System

Several derivatives of the novel pyridazino[6,1-c]pyrimido[5,4-e][1,2,4]triazine ring system have been synthesised through heterocyclisation of 5-bromo-2,4-dichloro-6-methylpyrimidine with 3-chloro-6-hydrazinylpyridazine followed by treatment with secondary amines in boiling ethanol.

Design, synthesis and antitumor activity of novel 8-substituted 2,3,5,6-tetrahydrobenzo[1,2-b:4,5-b′]difuran imidazolium salt derivatives

A series of novel 8-substituted 2,3,5,6-tetrahydrobenzo[1,2-b:4,5-b′]difuran imidazolium salt derivatives were synthesized and their antitumor structure–activity relationship studies were reported.

Carbazolyl benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b']difuran: an ambipolar host material for full-color organic light-emitting diodes

We have designed an ambipolar material, 3,7-bis[4-(N-carbazolyl)-phenyl]-2,6-diphenylbenzo[1,2-b:4,5-b']difuran (CZBDF), and synthesized it by zinc-mediated double cyclization. Its physical properties clarified that CZBDF possesses a wide-gap character, well-balanced and high hole and electron mobilities of larger than 10(-3) cm(2) V(-1) s(-1), and a high thermal stability. Using CZBDF as a host material for heterojunction OLED devices, a full range of visible emission was obtained. Notably, CZBDF also enabled us to fabricate RGB-emitting homojunction OLEDs, with performances comparable or superior to the heterojunction devices composed of several materials.

Synthesis and antimicrobial activity of some novel derivatives of benzofuran: Part 2. The synthesis and antimicrobial activity of some novel 1-(1-benzofuran-2-yl)-2-mesitylethanone derivatives

The reaction of salicylaldehyde with 1-chloro-3-mesitylacetone (2) and potassium carbonate was used to prepare 1-(1-benzofuran-2-yl)-2-mesitylethanone (4) for the starting reagent purposes. 1-(1-Benzofuran-2-yl)-2-mesitylethanoneoxime (5) was synthesized by the reaction of the compound (4) with hydroxylamine. New derivative of 1-(1-benzofuran-2-yl)-2-mesitylethanoneoxime (5) as 1-(1-benzofuran-2-yl)-2-mesitylethanonesemicarbazone (7) was obtained in very high yields. Alkyl substituted N-oxime ethers (8a-d) were obtained by the reaction compound 5 and various halogen contained compounds. The compounds 9a-d were synthesized by the reaction of the compound (5) and four different acyl chlorides. Some of the synthesized compounds were tested for antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 and Candida albicans ATCC 10231. Among the synthesized compounds (E)-1-(1-benzofuran-2-yl)-2-mesitylethanone-O-benzoyloxime (9b) was found the most active derivative against S. aureus ATCC 6538 and E. coli ATCC 25922. The other compounds exhibited moderate activity against the other test microorganisms.