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Hu H, Li G, Hu W, Liu Y, Wang X, Kan Y, Ji M. Synthesis of pyrrolo[2,1,5-cd]indolizines through dehydrogenative Heck annelation of indolizines with diaryl acetylenes using dioxygen as an oxidant. Org Lett 2015; 17:1114-7. [PMID: 25699418 DOI: 10.1021/ol503681n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
A dehydrogenative Heck annelation reaction of indolizine with diaryl acetylene via dual C-H bond cleavage was developed. Oxygen gas was employed as a clean oxidant in this catalysis under base-free conditions. Diarylpyrrolo[2,1,5-cd]indolizines were synthesized with high atom economy. In addition, kinetic isotope experiments provided evidence for C-H bond metalation of the 5-position of the indolizine as the rate-limiting step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huayou Hu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Chemistry of Low-Dimensional Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huaiyin Normal University , Huaian 223300, China
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10
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Abstract
Brønsted acid promoted reversible dimerization of myrmicarin 215B leads to formation of a new heptacyclic product, isomyrmicarin 430B, that possesses a C1,C2-trans,C2,C3-trans-substituted cyclopentane ring. Mechanistic studies illustrate that isomyrmicarin 430B arises by isomerization of isomyrmicarin 430A via fragmentation to tricyclic azafulvenium ions. Factors influencing the structure of heptacyclic isomyrmicarin products and potential relevance of this reversible vinyl pyrroloindolizine dimerization to the biosynthesis of complex myrmicarins are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison E Ondrus
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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11
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Ondrus AE, Movassaghi M. Total synthesis and study of myrmicarin alkaloids. Chem Commun (Camb) 2009:4151-65. [PMID: 19585010 DOI: 10.1039/b903995n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The myrmicarins are a family of air- and temperature-sensitive alkaloids that possess unique structural features. Our concise enantioselective synthesis of the tricyclic myrmicarins enabled evaluation of a potentially biomimetic assembly of the complex members via direct dimerization of simpler structures. These studies revealed that myrmicarin 215B undergoes efficient and highly diastereoselective Brønsted acid-induced dimerization to generate a new heptacyclic structure, isomyrmicarin 430A. Mechanistic analysis demonstrated that heterodimerization between myrmicarin 215B and a conformationally restricted azafulvenium ion precursor afforded a functionalized isomyrmicarin 430A structure in a manner that was consistent with a highly efficient, non-concerted ionic process. Recent advancement in heterodimerization between tricyclic derivatives has enabled the preparation of strategically functionalized hexacyclic structures. The design and synthesis of structurally versatile dimeric compounds has greatly facilitated manipulation of these structures en route to more complex myrmicarin derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison E Ondrus
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Chemistry, 77 Massachusetts Avenue 18-292, Cambridge, MA 02139-4307, USA
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12
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Lebedev AY, Izmer VV, Asachenko AF, Tzarev AA, Uborsky DV, Homutova YA, Shperber ER, Canich JAM, Voskoboynikov AZ. Group 4 Metallocenes Bearing η5-2-(N-Azolyl)indenyl Ligands: Synthesis, Structure Characterization, and Olefin Polymerization Catalysis. Organometallics 2009. [DOI: 10.1021/om8010257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Artem Y. Lebedev
- Department of Chemistry, Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, 1/3, Moscow, GSP-1, 119991, Russian Federation, and ExxonMobil Chemical Company, 5200 Bayway Drive, Baytown, Texas 77520
| | - Vyatcheslav V. Izmer
- Department of Chemistry, Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, 1/3, Moscow, GSP-1, 119991, Russian Federation, and ExxonMobil Chemical Company, 5200 Bayway Drive, Baytown, Texas 77520
| | - Andrey F. Asachenko
- Department of Chemistry, Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, 1/3, Moscow, GSP-1, 119991, Russian Federation, and ExxonMobil Chemical Company, 5200 Bayway Drive, Baytown, Texas 77520
| | - Alexey A. Tzarev
- Department of Chemistry, Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, 1/3, Moscow, GSP-1, 119991, Russian Federation, and ExxonMobil Chemical Company, 5200 Bayway Drive, Baytown, Texas 77520
| | - Dmitry V. Uborsky
- Department of Chemistry, Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, 1/3, Moscow, GSP-1, 119991, Russian Federation, and ExxonMobil Chemical Company, 5200 Bayway Drive, Baytown, Texas 77520
| | - Yuliya A. Homutova
- Department of Chemistry, Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, 1/3, Moscow, GSP-1, 119991, Russian Federation, and ExxonMobil Chemical Company, 5200 Bayway Drive, Baytown, Texas 77520
| | - Elizar R. Shperber
- Department of Chemistry, Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, 1/3, Moscow, GSP-1, 119991, Russian Federation, and ExxonMobil Chemical Company, 5200 Bayway Drive, Baytown, Texas 77520
| | - Jo Ann M. Canich
- Department of Chemistry, Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, 1/3, Moscow, GSP-1, 119991, Russian Federation, and ExxonMobil Chemical Company, 5200 Bayway Drive, Baytown, Texas 77520
| | - Alexander Z. Voskoboynikov
- Department of Chemistry, Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, 1/3, Moscow, GSP-1, 119991, Russian Federation, and ExxonMobil Chemical Company, 5200 Bayway Drive, Baytown, Texas 77520
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15
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Movassaghi M, Ondrus AE, Chen B. Efficient and stereoselective dimerization of pyrroloindolizine derivatives inspired by a hypothesis for the biosynthesis of complex myrmicarin alkaloids. J Org Chem 2007; 72:10065-74. [PMID: 18020368 DOI: 10.1021/jo701981q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Pyrroloindolizine derivatives participate in efficient and stereoselective homo- and heterodimerization reactions upon treatment with Brønsted or Lewis acids. The distinctive ability of pyrroloindolizines to act as azafulvenium ion precursors provides direct access to both heptacyclic and hexacyclic dimeric products. The inherent reactivity of these structures suggests a concise synthesis of complex myrmicarin alkaloids, via dimerization of pyrroloindolizines, and may have implications for the biosynthesis of these intriguing alkaloids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Movassaghi
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.
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16
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Angle SR, Qian XL, Pletnev AA, Chinn J. General synthesis of pyrroloquinolizidines: synthesis of an unnatural homologue of the pyrroloindolizidine myrmicarin alkaloid 215B. J Org Chem 2007; 72:2015-20. [PMID: 17315932 DOI: 10.1021/jo062262a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A general synthesis approach to pyrroloquinolizidines (3,4,5,5a,6,7,8-heptahydropyrrolo[2,1,5-de]quinolizines) via a münchnone 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition is reported. The approach was applied to the synthesis of an unnatural pyrroloquinolizidine homologue of myrmicarin 215B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven R Angle
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Riverside, Riverside, California 92521-0403, USA.
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