1
|
Larghi EL, Bracca ABJ, Simonetti SO, Kaufman TS. Relevant Developments in the Use of Three-Component Reactions for the Total Synthesis of Natural Products. The last 15 Years. ChemistryOpen 2024; 13:e202300306. [PMID: 38647363 PMCID: PMC11095226 DOI: 10.1002/open.202300306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Multicomponent reactions (MCRs) offer a highly useful and valuable strategy that can fulfill an important role in synthesizing complex polysubstituted compounds, by simplifying otherwise long sequences and increasing their efficiency. The total synthesis of selected natural products employing three-component reactions as their common strategic MCR approach, is reviewed on a case-by-case basis with selected targets conquered during the last 15 years. The revision includes detailed descriptions of the selected successful sequences; relevant information on the isolation, and bioactivity of the different natural targets is also briefly provided.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Enrique L. Larghi
- Instituto de Química Rosario IQUIR (CONICET-UNR)Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y FarmacéuticasUniversidad Nacional de Rosario (UNR)Suipacha 5312000RosarioArgentina
| | - Andrea B. J. Bracca
- Instituto de Química Rosario IQUIR (CONICET-UNR)Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y FarmacéuticasUniversidad Nacional de Rosario (UNR)Suipacha 5312000RosarioArgentina
| | - Sebastian O. Simonetti
- Instituto de Química Rosario IQUIR (CONICET-UNR)Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y FarmacéuticasUniversidad Nacional de Rosario (UNR)Suipacha 5312000RosarioArgentina
| | - Teodoro S. Kaufman
- Instituto de Química Rosario IQUIR (CONICET-UNR)Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y FarmacéuticasUniversidad Nacional de Rosario (UNR)Suipacha 5312000RosarioArgentina
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Seipp K, Geske L, Opatz T. Marine Pyrrole Alkaloids. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:514. [PMID: 34564176 PMCID: PMC8471394 DOI: 10.3390/md19090514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitrogen heterocycles are essential parts of the chemical machinery of life and often reveal intriguing structures. They are not only widespread in terrestrial habitats but can also frequently be found as natural products in the marine environment. This review highlights the important class of marine pyrrole alkaloids, well-known for their diverse biological activities. A broad overview of the marine pyrrole alkaloids with a focus on their isolation, biological activities, chemical synthesis, and derivatization covering the decade from 2010 to 2020 is provided. With relevant structural subclasses categorized, this review shall provide a clear and timely synopsis of this area.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Till Opatz
- Department of Chemistry, Organic Chemistry Section, Johannes Gutenberg University, Duesbergweg 10–14, 55128 Mainz, Germany; (K.S.); (L.G.)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Maisto SK, Leersnyder AP, Pudner GL, Scheerer JR. Synthesis of Pyrrolopyrazinones by Construction of the Pyrrole Ring onto an Intact Diketopiperazine. J Org Chem 2020; 85:9264-9271. [PMID: 32602717 PMCID: PMC7464856 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c01263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This study reveals an alternative sequence for the synthesis of compounds that contain the pyrrolodiketopiperazine structural motif. Starting with a diketopiperazine precursor, a mild aldol condensation precedes pyrrole annulation and bicyclic ring fusion. The derived intermediate aldol condensation products, which bear either a protected carbonyl or a functionalized alkyne, can be cyclized to the pyrrolodiketopiperazine by protic or gold Lewis acid catalysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susanna K Maisto
- Department of Chemistry, The College of William & Mary, P.O. Box 8795, Williamsburg, Virginia 23187, United States
| | - Angela P Leersnyder
- Department of Chemistry, The College of William & Mary, P.O. Box 8795, Williamsburg, Virginia 23187, United States
| | - Gwyneth L Pudner
- Department of Chemistry, The College of William & Mary, P.O. Box 8795, Williamsburg, Virginia 23187, United States
| | - Jonathan R Scheerer
- Department of Chemistry, The College of William & Mary, P.O. Box 8795, Williamsburg, Virginia 23187, United States
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Aiken S, Anozie K, de Azevedo ODCC, Cowen L, Edgar RJL, Gabbutt CD, Heron BM, Lawrence PA, Mills AJ, Rice CR, Urquhart MWJ, Zonidis D. Expedient synthesis of highly substituted 3,4-dihydro-1,2-oxathiine 2,2-dioxides and 1,2-oxathiine 2,2-dioxides: revisiting sulfene additions to enaminoketones. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 17:9585-9604. [DOI: 10.1039/c9ob01657k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The addition of sulfenes to substituted enaminoketones, followed by a facile Cope elimination, provides efficient access to a diverse series of 1,2-oxathiine 2,2-dioxides.
Collapse
|
5
|
Zhan C, Han Z, Patrick BO, Gates DP. 2-Aminophenolate ligands for phosphorus(v): a lithium salt featuring the chiral [P(OC 6H 4NR) 3] - anion. Dalton Trans 2018; 47:12118-12129. [PMID: 30065977 DOI: 10.1039/c8dt02522c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Phosphoranes P(OC6H4NR)2(OC6H4NHR) [R = Me (2a), Ph (2b), C6F5 (2c)] were synthesized by treating PCl5 with the respective 2-aminophenol derivative (1a-c, 3.1 equiv.). In one instance, an intermediate species, P(OC6H4NR)2Cl [R = Me (3a)], was isolated and structurally characterized. Deprotonation of the amine moieties (-NH[combining low line]R) in phosphoranes 2a and 2b with a strong alkali-metal base (e.g. n-BuLi) in the presence of a strong-donor solvent (e.g. THF) afforded salts composed of the hexacoordinate P(v)-anions [P(OC6H4NR)3]- (R = Me, [4a]-; Ph, [4b]-). Employing precursor 2a, the salt Li(THF)3fac-[4a]- was isolated. The X-ray crystal of each enantiomer of [4a]- was determined and, to our knowledge, represents the first structurally characterized example of a salt containing a hexacoordinate P(v)N3O3 anion featuring P(v)-N bonds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chuantian Zhan
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, CanadaV6T 1Z1.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
van der Westhuyzen AE, Frolova LV, Kornienko A, van Otterlo WAL. The Rigidins: Isolation, Bioactivity, and Total Synthesis-Novel Pyrrolo[2,3-d]Pyrimidine Analogues Using Multicomponent Reactions. THE ALKALOIDS. CHEMISTRY AND BIOLOGY 2018; 79:191-220. [PMID: 29455836 DOI: 10.1016/bs.alkal.2017.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Rigidins (2-6) are pyrrolopyrimidine alkaloids isolated from marine tunicates. Since their isolation, refinement of their total syntheses, and biochemical evaluation, interest toward this pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine scaffold as a medicinal candidate has been triggered. The derivatization of these natural products has led to the discovery of a novel range of 7-deazahypoxanthines, which exhibit extremely potent anticancer activity in human cancer cell lines. A major breakthrough toward the synthesis of rigidin and various rigidin analogues has been the application of multicomponent reactions (MCRs). The rapid assembly of molecular diversity and flexibility displayed by MCRs makes it an attractive strategy for the preparation of rigidin-inspired small molecules. Furthermore, a number of rigidin-like 7-deazaxanthine compounds have been reported in the literature and the popularity of implementing MCRs to construct these 7-deazaxanthines is highlighted here. It is our hope that the synthetic methods described in this chapter will result in the further generation of rigidin-inspired compounds that will move on from being "hits" into "leads" in the medicinal chemistry drug discovery pipeline and potentially into anticancer therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aletta E van der Westhuyzen
- Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science, University of Stellenbosch, Matieland, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Liliya V Frolova
- Department of Chemistry, New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology, Socorro, NM, United States
| | - Alexander Kornienko
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX, United States
| | - Willem A L van Otterlo
- Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science, University of Stellenbosch, Matieland, Stellenbosch, South Africa.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Nickel J, Fernández M, Klier L, Knochel P. Synthesis of Pyrrolo[2,3-d
]pyrimidines by Copper-Mediated Carbomagnesiations of N
-Sulfonyl Ynamides and Application to the Preparation of Rigidin A and a 7-Azaserotonin Derivative. Chemistry 2016; 22:14397-400. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201602519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Nickel
- Ludwig Maximilians-Universität München; Department Chemie; Butenandtstrasse 5-13, Haus F 81377 München Germany
| | - Maitane Fernández
- Ludwig Maximilians-Universität München; Department Chemie; Butenandtstrasse 5-13, Haus F 81377 München Germany
| | - Lydia Klier
- Ludwig Maximilians-Universität München; Department Chemie; Butenandtstrasse 5-13, Haus F 81377 München Germany
| | - Paul Knochel
- Ludwig Maximilians-Universität München; Department Chemie; Butenandtstrasse 5-13, Haus F 81377 München Germany
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Frolova LV, Magedov IV, Romero AE, Karki M, Otero I, Hayden K, Evdokimov NM, Banuls LMY, Rastogi SK, Smith WR, Lu SL, Kiss R, Shuster CB, Hamel E, Betancourt T, Rogelj S, Kornienko A. Exploring natural product chemistry and biology with multicomponent reactions. 5. Discovery of a novel tubulin-targeting scaffold derived from the rigidin family of marine alkaloids. J Med Chem 2013; 56:6886-900. [PMID: 23927793 DOI: 10.1021/jm400711t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
We developed synthetic chemistry to access the marine alkaloid rigidins and over 40 synthetic analogues based on the 7-deazaxanthine, 7-deazaadenine, 7-deazapurine, and 7-deazahypoxanthine skeletons. Analogues based on the 7-deazahypoxanthine skeleton exhibited nanomolar potencies against cell lines representing cancers with dismal prognoses, tumor metastases, and multidrug resistant cells. Studies aimed at elucidating the mode(s) of action of the 7-deazahypoxanthines in cancer cells revealed that they inhibited in vitro tubulin polymerization and disorganized microtubules in live HeLa cells. Experiments evaluating the effects of the 7-deazahypoxanthines on the binding of [(3)H]colchicine to tubulin identified the colchicine site on tubulin as the most likely target for these compounds in cancer cells. Because many microtubule-targeting compounds are successfully used to fight cancer in the clinic, we believe the new chemical class of antitubulin agents represented by the 7-deazahypoxanthine rigidin analogues have significant potential as new anticancer agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liliya V Frolova
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of Biology, New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology , Socorro, New Mexico 87801, United States
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Li S, Jiang R, Qin M, Liu H, Zhang G, Gong P. Synthesis and Antitumor Activity of Novel 4-(2-Fluorophenoxy)quinoline Derivatives Bearing the 4-Oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxamide Moiety. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2013; 346:521-33. [DOI: 10.1002/ardp.201300029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2013] [Revised: 04/20/2013] [Accepted: 04/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sai Li
- Key Laboratary of Original New Drugs Design and Discovery of Ministry of Education; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang, P. R. China
| | - Rui Jiang
- Key Laboratary of Original New Drugs Design and Discovery of Ministry of Education; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang, P. R. China
| | - Mingze Qin
- Key Laboratary of Original New Drugs Design and Discovery of Ministry of Education; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang, P. R. China
| | - Haicheng Liu
- Key Laboratary of Original New Drugs Design and Discovery of Ministry of Education; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang, P. R. China
| | - Guangyan Zhang
- Key Laboratary of Original New Drugs Design and Discovery of Ministry of Education; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang, P. R. China
| | - Ping Gong
- Key Laboratary of Original New Drugs Design and Discovery of Ministry of Education; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
|
11
|
Total synthesis of a marine alkaloid--rigidin E. Mar Drugs 2012; 10:1412-1421. [PMID: 22822382 PMCID: PMC3397449 DOI: 10.3390/md10061412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2012] [Revised: 06/07/2012] [Accepted: 06/08/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present paper, we report an efficient total synthesis of a marine alkaloid, rigidin E. The key tetrasubstituted 2-amino-3-carboxamidepyrrole intermediate was synthesized by cascade Michael addition/intramolecular cyclization between N-(2-(4-(benzyloxy)phenyl)-2-oxoethyl)methanesulfonamide and 3-(4-(benzyloxy)phenyl)-2-cyano-N-methylacrylamide. Subsequent carbonylation with triphosgene catalyzed by I(2) and deprotection of benzyl groups afforded rigidin E in 21% overall yield. This strategy has the merits of metal-free reactions, low cost, mild reaction protocols, and easy access to diversity-oriented derivatives for potential structure-activity relationship investigation.
Collapse
|
12
|
Literature Survey Part C: Heterocycle Synthesis. MICROWAVES IN ORGANIC AND MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/9783527647828.ch7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
|
13
|
|
14
|
Scharf AB, Betley TA. Electronic Perturbations of Iron Dipyrrinato Complexes via Ligand β-Halogenation and meso-Fluoroarylation. Inorg Chem 2011; 50:6837-45. [DOI: 10.1021/ic2009539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Austin B. Scharf
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Theodore A. Betley
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Frolova LV, Evdokimov NM, Hayden K, Malik I, Rogelj S, Kornienko A, Magedov IV. One-pot multicomponent synthesis of diversely substituted 2-aminopyrroles. A short general synthesis of rigidins A, B, C, and D. Org Lett 2011; 13:1118-21. [PMID: 21268660 DOI: 10.1021/ol103149b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Privileged medicinal scaffolds based on the structures of tetra- and pentasubstituted 2-aminopyrroles were prepared via one-pot multicomponent reactions of structurally diverse aldehydes and N-(aryl-, hetaryl-, alkylsulfonamido)acetophenones with activated methylene compounds. This methodology was used in a four-step synthesis of alkaloids rigidins A, B, C, and D in overall yields of 61%, 58%, 60%, and 53%, respectively. Of these, rigidins B, C, and D were synthesized for the first time.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liliya V Frolova
- Department of Chemistry, New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology, Socorro, New Mexico 87801, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Young IS, Thornton PD, Thompson A. Synthesis of natural products containing the pyrrolic ring. Nat Prod Rep 2010; 27:1801-39. [DOI: 10.1039/c0np00014k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 249] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
17
|
Brennführer A, Neumann H, Beller M. Palladium-catalyzed carbonylation reactions of aryl halides and related compounds. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2009; 48:4114-33. [PMID: 19431166 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200900013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1124] [Impact Index Per Article: 74.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Palladium-catalyzed carbonylation reactions of aromatic halides in the presence of various nucleophiles have undergone rapid development since the pioneering work of Heck and co-workers in 1974, such that nowadays a plethora of palladium catalysts are available for different carbonylative transformations. The carboxylic acid derivatives, aldehydes, and ketones prepared in this way are important intermediates in the manufacture of dyes, pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and other industrial products. In this Review, the recent academic developments in this area and the first industrial processes are summarized.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anne Brennführer
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. an der Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 29a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Brennführer A, Neumann H, Beller M. Palladiumkatalysierte Carbonylierungen von Arylhalogeniden und ähnlichen Substraten. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200900013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 372] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
|
19
|
Gupton JT, Giglio BC, Eaton JE, Rieck EA, Smith KL, Keough MJ, Barelli PJ, Firich LT, Hempel JE, Smith TM, Kanters RPF. The application of vinylogous iminium salt derivatives to efficient formal syntheses of the marine akaloids lamellarin G trimethyl ether and ningalin B. Tetrahedron 2009; 65:4283-4292. [PMID: 20161334 DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2009.03.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Studies directed at the synthesis of lamellarin G trimethyl ether and ningalin B via vinylogous iminium salt derivatives are described. The successful strategy relies on the formation of a 2,4-disubstituted pyrrole or a 1,2,3,4-tetrasubstituted pyrrole from a vinylogous iminium salt or vinylogous iminium salt derivative. Subsequent transformations of these highly substituted pyrroles lead to efficient and regiocontrolled formal syntheses of the respective pyrrole containing natural products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John T Gupton
- Department of Chemistry, University of Richmond, Richmond, VA 23173, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Kappe CO, Dallinger D. Controlled microwave heating in modern organic synthesis: highlights from the 2004–2008 literature. Mol Divers 2009; 13:71-193. [PMID: 19381851 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-009-9138-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 292] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2009] [Accepted: 02/27/2009] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
|
21
|
Gupton JT, Banner EJ, Sartin MD, Coppock MB, Hempel JE, Kharlamova A, Fisher DC, Giglio BC, Smith KL, Keough MJ, Smith TM, Kanters RPF, Dominey RN, Sikorski JA. The Application of Vinylogous Iminium Salt Derivatives and Microwave Accelerated Vilsmeier-Haack Reactions to Efficient Relay Syntheses of the Polycitone and Storniamide Natural Products. Tetrahedron 2008; 64:5246-5253. [PMID: 18709182 DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2008.03.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Studies directed at the synthesis of polycitone and storniamide natural products via vinylogous iminium salts and microwave accelerated Vilsmeier-Haack formylations are described. The successful strategy relies on the formation of a 2,4-disubstituted pyrrole or a 2,3,4-trisubstituted pyrrole from a vinamidinium salt or vinamidinium salt derivative followed by formylation at the 5-position of the pyrrole. Subsequent transformations of the selectively formylated pyrroles lead to efficient and regiocontrolled relay syntheses of the respective pyrrole containing natural products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John T Gupton
- Department of Chemistry, University of Richmond, Richmond, VA 23173, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Blunt JW, Copp BR, Hu WP, Munro MHG, Northcote PT, Prinsep MR. Marine natural products. Nat Prod Rep 2008; 25:35-94. [PMID: 18250897 DOI: 10.1039/b701534h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 284] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This review covers the literature published in 2006 for marine natural products, with 758 citations (534 for the period January to December 2006) referring to compounds isolated from marine microorganisms and phytoplankton, green algae, brown algae, red algae, sponges, cnidaria, bryozoans, molluscs, tunicates and echinoderms. The emphasis is on new compounds (779 for 2006), together with their relevant biological activities, source organisms and country of origin. Biosynthetic studies, first syntheses, and syntheses that lead to the revision of structures or stereochemistries, have been included.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John W Blunt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Tripathi A, Fornabaio M, Kellogg GE, Gupton JT, Gewirtz DA, Yeudall WA, Vega NE, Mooberry SL. Docking and hydropathic scoring of polysubstituted pyrrole compounds with antitubulin activity. Bioorg Med Chem 2007; 16:2235-42. [PMID: 18083520 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2007.11.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2007] [Revised: 11/26/2007] [Accepted: 11/28/2007] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Compounds that bind at the colchicine site of tubulin have drawn considerable attention with studies indicating that these agents suppress microtubule dynamics and inhibit tubulin polymerization. Data for 18 polysubstituted pyrrole compounds are reported, including antiproliferative activity against human MDA-MB-435 cells and calculated free energies of binding following docking the compounds into models of alphabeta-tubulin. These docking calculations coupled with HINT interaction analyses are able to represent the complex structures and the binding modes of inhibitors such that calculated and measured free energies of binding correlate with an r(2) of 0.76. Structural analysis of the binding pocket identifies important intermolecular contacts that mediate binding. As seen experimentally, the complex with JG-03-14 (3,5-dibromo-4-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-1H-pyrrole-2-carboxylic acid ethyl ester) is the most stable. These results illuminate the binding process and should be valuable in the design of new pyrrole-based colchicine site inhibitors as these compounds have very accessible syntheses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ashutosh Tripathi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry & Institute for Structural Biology and Drug Discovery, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298-0540, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
|
25
|
|