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A Review on the Synthesis of Fluorescent Five- and Six-Membered Ring Azaheterocycles. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27196321. [PMID: 36234858 PMCID: PMC9570872 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27196321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Azaheterocycles rings with five and six members are important tools for the obtaining of fluorescent materials and fluorescent sensors. The relevant advances in the synthesis of azaheterocyclic derivatives and their optical properties investigation, particularly in the last ten years, was our main objective on this review. The review is organized according to the size of the azaheterocycle ring, 5-, 6-membered and fused ring azaheterocycles, as well as our recent contribution on this research field. In each case, the reaction pathways with reaction condition and obtained yield, and evaluation of the optical properties of the obtained products were briefly presented.
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Zbancioc G, Ciobanu CI, Mangalagiu II, Moldoveanu C. Ultrasound-Assisted Synthesis of Fluorescent Azatetracyclic Derivatives: An Energy-Efficient Approach. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27103180. [PMID: 35630657 PMCID: PMC9147717 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27103180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
We report here an energy-efficient and straight synthesis of two new classes of derivatized fluorescent azatetracycles under ultrasound (US) irradiation. A first class of azatetracyclic compounds was synthesized by heterogeneous catalytic bromination of the α-keto substituent attached to the pyrrole moiety of the tetracyclic cycloadducts, while for the second, one class was synthesized by nucleophilic substitution of the bromide with the azide group. Comparative with conventional thermal heating (TH) under US irradiation, both types of reactions occur with substantially higher yields, shortened reaction time (from days to hours), lesser energy consumed, easier workup of the reaction, and smaller amounts of solvent required (at least three to five-fold less compared to TH), which make these reactions to be considered as energy efficient. The derivatized azatetracycle are blue emitters with λmax of fluorescence around 430–445 nm. A certain influence of the azatetracycle substituents concerning absorption and fluorescent properties was observed. Compounds anchored with a bulky azide group have shown decreased fluorescence intensity compared with corresponding bromides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gheorghita Zbancioc
- Chemistry Department, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, Carol I Bvd., 700506 Iasi, Romania;
- Correspondence: (G.Z.); (C.M.); Tel.: +40-232-201278 (C.M.)
| | - Catalina-Ionica Ciobanu
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Research-CERNESIM Centre, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, Carol I Bvd., 700506 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Ionel I. Mangalagiu
- Chemistry Department, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, Carol I Bvd., 700506 Iasi, Romania;
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Research-CERNESIM Centre, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, Carol I Bvd., 700506 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Costel Moldoveanu
- Chemistry Department, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, Carol I Bvd., 700506 Iasi, Romania;
- Correspondence: (G.Z.); (C.M.); Tel.: +40-232-201278 (C.M.)
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Motornov VA, Tabolin AA, Nenajdenko VG, Ioffe SL. Copper‐Mediated Oxidative [3+2]‐Annulation of Nitroalkenes and Ylides of 1,2‐Diazines: Assembly of Functionalized Pyrrolo[1,2‐b]pyridazines. ChemistrySelect 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202103189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir A. Motornov
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry Russian Academy of Sciences Leninsky prosp. 47 Moscow 119991 Russia
| | - Andrey A. Tabolin
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry Russian Academy of Sciences Leninsky prosp. 47 Moscow 119991 Russia
| | - Valentine G. Nenajdenko
- Department of Chemistry M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University Leninskie Gory 1 Moscow 119991 Russia
| | - Sema L. Ioffe
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry Russian Academy of Sciences Leninsky prosp. 47 Moscow 119991 Russia
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Moldoveanu C, Mangalagiu I, Zbancioc G. Fluorescent Azasteroids through Ultrasound Assisted Cycloaddition Reactions. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26165098. [PMID: 34443688 PMCID: PMC8400541 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26165098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We report here the synthesis and optical spectral properties of several new azasteroid derivatives. The formation of these compounds was explained based on the most probable mechanism. The luminescent heterocycles were synthesized by 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reactions between benzo[f]quinoline and methylpropiolate or dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate (DMAD). A selective and efficient way for [3+2]-dipolar cycloaddition of benzo[f]quinolinium ylides under ultrasound (US) irradiation (20 kHz processing frequency) is presented. We report substantially higher yields under US irradiation, whereas the solvent amounts required are at least three-fold less compared to classical heating. The azasteroid derivatives are blue emitters with λmax of fluorescence around 430–450 nm. A certain influence of the azasteroid substituents concerning absorption and fluorescent properties was observed. Compounds anchored with a bulky pivaloyl group or without a C=O carbonyl group have shown increased fluorescence intensity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Costel Moldoveanu
- Chemistry Department, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, 11 Carol 1st Bvd, 700506 Iasi, Romania;
- Correspondence: (C.M.); (G.Z.); Tel.: +40-232-201278 (C.M. & G.Z.)
| | - Ionel Mangalagiu
- Chemistry Department, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, 11 Carol 1st Bvd, 700506 Iasi, Romania;
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Research-CERNESIM Centre, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, 11 Carol I, 700506 Iasi, Romania
| | - Gheorghita Zbancioc
- Chemistry Department, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, 11 Carol 1st Bvd, 700506 Iasi, Romania;
- Correspondence: (C.M.); (G.Z.); Tel.: +40-232-201278 (C.M. & G.Z.)
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Nazeri MT, Shaabani A. Synthesis of polysubstituted pyrroles via isocyanide-based multicomponent reactions as an efficient synthesis tool. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj04514h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The present review covers all synthetic methods based on isocyanide-based multicomponent reactions for the preparation of polysubstituted pyrroles as the parent cores of many essential drugs, biologically active compounds, and compounds with wide application in materials science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Taghi Nazeri
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Shahid Beheshti University, Daneshjou Boulevard Street, Tehran, 1983969411, Iran
| | - Ahmad Shaabani
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Shahid Beheshti University, Daneshjou Boulevard Street, Tehran, 1983969411, Iran
- Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 6, Miklukho-Maklaya Street, Moscow, 117198, Russian Federation
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Ciocarlan A, Lungu L, Blaja S, Dragalin I, Aricu A. The Use of Some Non-conventional Methods in Chemistry of Bicyclohomofarnesenic Methyl Esters. CHEMISTRY JOURNAL OF MOLDOVA 2020. [DOI: 10.19261/cjm.2020.791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The present paper reports the results of microwave irradiation assisted method for the preparation of bicyclohomofarnesenic methyl esters versus classical Stoll and Hinder method. Moreover, the chemical transformations of bicyclohomofarnesenic methyl esters via anodic electrooxidation and dye-sensitized photooxidation were performed. A new method for the preparation of methyl 7-oxo-13,14,15,16-tetranorlabd-6,8(8)-dien-12-oate and the mechanism of electrochemical products formation are presented. The structure of all synthesized compounds was fully confirmed by spectral methods.
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Huisgen [3 + 2] Dipolar Cycloadditions of Phthalazinium Ylides to Activated Symmetric and Non-Symmetric Alkynes. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25194416. [PMID: 32992961 PMCID: PMC7582813 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25194416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
We present herein a straightforward and efficient pathway for the synthesis of pyrrolophthalazine cycloadducts via Huisgen [3 + 2] dipolar cycloaddition reactions of phthalazinium ylides to methyl propiolate or dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate (DMAD). A thoroughly comparative study concerning the efficiency of synthesis, conventional thermal heating (TH) versus microwave (MW) and ultrasound (US) irradiation, has been performed. The cycloaddition reactions of phthalazinium ylides to methyl propiolate occur regiospecific, with a single regioisomer being obtained. Under conventional TH, the cycloaddition reaction of phthalazinium ylides with DMAD occurs to a mixture of inseparable partial and fully aromatized pyrrolophthalazine cycloadducts, while MW or US irradiation are leading only to fully aromatized compounds, with the reactions becoming selective. A feasible mechanism for formation of fully aromatized compounds is presented. Besides selectivity, it has to be noticed that the reaction setup under MW or US irradiation offer a number of other certain advantages: higher yields, decreasing of the amount of used solvent comparative with TH, decreasing of the reaction time from hours to minutes and decreasing of the consumed energy; consequently, these reactions could be considered environmentally friendly.
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Popovici L, Amarandi RM, Mangalagiu II, Mangalagiu V, Danac R. Synthesis, molecular modelling and anticancer evaluation of new pyrrolo[1,2-b]pyridazine and pyrrolo[2,1-a]phthalazine derivatives. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2019; 34:230-243. [PMID: 30734610 PMCID: PMC6327994 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2018.1550085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Revised: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Two new series of heterocyclic derivatives with potential anticancer activity, in which a pyrrolo[1,2-b]pyridazine or a pyrrolo[2,1-a]phthalazine moiety was introduced in place of the 3'-hydroxy-4'-methoxyphenyl ring of phenstatin have been synthesised and their structure-activity relationship (SAR) was studied. Fourteen of the new compounds were evaluated for their in vitro cytotoxic activity by National Cancer Institute (NCI) against 60 human tumour cell lines panel. The best five compounds in terms of in vitro growth inhibition were screened in the second stage five dose-response studies, three of them showing a very good antiproliferative activity with GI50<100 nM on several cell lines including colon, ovarian, renal, prostate, brain and breast cancer, melanoma and leukemia. Docking experiments on the biologically active compounds showed a good compatibility with the colchicine binding site of tubulin.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Violeta Mangalagiu
- CERNESIM Research Centre, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, Iasi, Romania
| | - Ramona Danac
- Faculty of Chemistry, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, Iasi, Romania
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Microwave Assisted Reactions of Fluorescent Pyrrolodiazine Building Blocks. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24203760. [PMID: 31635419 PMCID: PMC6832281 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24203760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Revised: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
We report here the synthesis and optical spectral properties of several new pyrrolodiazine derivatives. The luminescent heterocycles were synthesized by 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reactions between N-alkylated pyridazine and methylpropiolate or dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate (DMAD). The pyrrolopyridazine derivatives are blue emitters with moderate quantum yields (around 25%) in the case of pyrrolopyridazines and negligible yet measurable emission for pyrrolophthalazines. In a subsequent step towards including the pyrrolodiazine moiety, given its spectral properties in various macromolecular frameworks such as biological molecules, a subset of the synthetized compounds has been subjected to α-bromination. A selective and efficient way for α-bromination in heterogeneous catalysis of pyrrolodiazine derivatives under microwave (MW) irradiation is presented. We report substantially higher yields under MW irradiation, whereas the solvent amounts required are at least five-fold less compared to classical heating.
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Synthesis of new pyrrolo[2,1-a]phthalazine derivatives via multicomponent reaction of phthalazine with 1,1-dicyanoalkenes and alkyl isocyanides. Chem Heterocycl Compd (N Y) 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10593-017-2071-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Moldoveanu C, Zbancioc G, Mantu D, Maftei D, Mangalagiu I. The Cycloaddition of the Benzimidazolium Ylides with Alkynes: New Mechanistic Insights. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0156129. [PMID: 27224656 PMCID: PMC4880325 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0156129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
New insights concerning the reaction mechanism in the cycloaddition reaction of benzimidazolium ylides to activated alkynes are presented. The proposed pathway leading both to 2-(1H-pyrrol-1-yl)anilines and to pyrrolo[1,2-a]quinoxalin-4(5H)-ones involves an opening of the imidazole ring from the cycloaddition product, followed by a nucleophilic attack of the aminic nitrogen to a proximal carbonyl group and the elimination of a leaving group. The mechanistic considerations are fully supported by experimental data, including the XRD resolved structure of the key reaction intermediate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Costel Moldoveanu
- Department of Chemistry, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, Iasi, Romania
| | - Gheorghita Zbancioc
- Department of Chemistry, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, Iasi, Romania
- * E-mail:
| | - Dorina Mantu
- Department of Chemistry, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, Iasi, Romania
| | - Dan Maftei
- Department of Chemistry, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, Iasi, Romania
| | - Ionel Mangalagiu
- Department of Chemistry, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, Iasi, Romania
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Tan C, Xiang H, He Q, Yang C. A One-Pot Copper(II)-Catalyzed Tandem Synthesis of 2-Substituted Pyrrolo[1,2- b]pyridazin-4(1 H)-ones. European J Org Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201500422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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14
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Zbancioc G, Zbancioc AM, Mangalagiu II. Ultrasound and microwave assisted synthesis of dihydroxyacetophenone derivatives with or without 1,2-diazine skeleton. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2014; 21:802-811. [PMID: 24139876 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2013.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2013] [Revised: 09/20/2013] [Accepted: 09/24/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
A thorough study concerning O-alkylation and α-bromination of dihydroxyacetophenone (DA) and N-alkylation of 1,2-diazine, under ultrasound (US) and microwave (MW) irradiation as well as under conventional thermal heating (TH) is presented. Under US and MW irradiation the yields are higher, the amount of used solvent decreases substantially, the reaction time decreases considerable (from hours or days to minutes) and the consumed energy decreases, consequently the O-alkylation, α-bromination and N-alkylation methods could be considered environmentally friendly. A selective and efficient way to either bis-O-alkylation or mono-O-alkylation of DA has been found, the relative position of the two hydroxyl groups on the phenyl moiety being compulsory. A selective and efficient way for α-bromination in heterogeneous catalysis of DA derivatives under US irradiation is presented. The N-alkylation reaction of DA under US and MW irradiation proved to be the most convenient setup procedure for these types of reactions. Overall, the use of US proved to be more efficient than MW or TH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gheorghita Zbancioc
- "Al. I. Cuza" University of Iasi, Organic and Biochemistry Department, Bd. Carol 11, 700506 Iasi, Romania
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Mantu D, Maftei D, Iurea D, Ursu C, Bejan V. Synthesis, structure, and in vitro anticancer activity of new polycyclic 1,2-diazines. Med Chem Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-013-0878-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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16
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Tucaliuc RA, Cotea VV, Niculaua M, Tuchilus C, Mantu D, Mangalagiu II. New pyridazine-fluorine derivatives: synthesis, chemistry and biological activity. Part II. Eur J Med Chem 2013; 67:367-72. [PMID: 23891981 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2013.04.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2013] [Revised: 03/12/2013] [Accepted: 04/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A comprehensive study concerning synthesis, structure and biological activity of new pyridazine-fluorine (PYF) derivatives is presented. The first synthesis of PYF derivatives in phase-transfer catalysis (PTC) under microwave (MW) and conventional thermal heating (TH) is reported. Under MW irradiation the consumed energy decreases considerably, the amount of used solvent in liquid phase is at least five-fold less comparative with conventional TH, while PTC did not use solvents. Consequently these reactions could be considered environmentally friendly. Also, the reaction time decrease substantially and, in some cases, the yields are higher. A feasible explanation for MW efficiency is presented. Regiochemistry and chorochemistry involved in these reactions are also discussed; the reactions are regioselective and chorospecific or choroselective, respectively. Ten new pyridazine-fluorine cycloadducts are obtained. The in vitro antibacterial and antifungal activities of the PYF compounds were tested. Introduction of a trifluoromethyl moiety on the pyridazine skeleton is leading to an increasing of the antimicrobial activity. Structure-activity correlationships have been done.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roxana-Angela Tucaliuc
- University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine "Ion Ionescu de la Brad" Iasi, Aleea Mihail Sadoveanu, Iasi, Romania
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Kimoto T, Amako T, Tajima N, Kuroda R, Fujiki M, Imai Y. Control of Solid-state Circularly Polarized Luminescence of Binaphthyl Organic Fluorophores through Environmental Changes. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201300034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Amako T, Kimoto T, Tajima N, Fujiki M, Imai Y. Dependence of circularly polarized luminescence due to the neighboring effects of binaphthyl units with the same axial chirality. RSC Adv 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra23198d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Amako T, Harada T, Suzuki N, Mishima K, Fujiki M, Imai Y. Solid-state circularly polarised luminescence and circular dichroism of viscous binaphthyl compounds. RSC Adv 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra43451f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
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Wang M, Tan C, He Q, Xie Y, Yang C. A novel convenient approach towards pyrrolo[1,2-b]pyridazines through a domino coupling–isomerization–condensation reaction. Org Biomol Chem 2013; 11:2574-7. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ob40157j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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21
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Kimoto T, Tajima N, Fujiki M, Imai Y. Control of Circularly Polarized Luminescence by Using Open- and Closed-Type Binaphthyl Derivatives with the Same Axial Chirality. Chem Asian J 2012; 7:2836-41. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201200725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2012] [Revised: 08/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Bejan V, Mantu D, Mangalagiu II. Ultrasound and microwave assisted synthesis of isoindolo-1,2-diazine: a comparative study. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2012; 19:999-1002. [PMID: 22464108 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2012.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2012] [Revised: 02/16/2012] [Accepted: 02/29/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
A comparative study, ultrasound (US) versus microwave (MW) versus conventional thermal heating (TH), for synthesis of isoindolo-1,2-diazine is described. The reaction pathway is fast, efficient and straight applicable, involving a Huisgen [3+2] dipolar cycloaddition of cycloimmonium ylides to 1,4-naphthoquinone. A feasible reaction mechanism for the obtaining of the fully aromatized tetra- and penta- cyclic isoindolo-1,2-diazine is presented. Under US irradiation the yields are much higher (sometimes substantially, by almost double), the reaction time decreases substantially, the reaction conditions are milder. The use of a generator with a higher nominal power induces higher yields and short reaction times. Overall the use of US it proved to be more efficient than MW or TH. A feasible explication for US efficiency is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasilichia Bejan
- Al I Cuza University of Iasi, Organic and Biochemistry Department, Iasi, Romania
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Tucaliuc R, Cotea VV, Moldoveanu C, Zbancioc G, Deleanu C, Jones PG, Mangalagiu II. An efficient and selective route to hybrid trifluoromethyl-substituted γ-lactones or fused nitrogen derivatives via cascade reactions. Tetrahedron Lett 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2011.09.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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24
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Ostrowska K, Szymoniak K, Szczurek M, Jamroży K, Rąpała-Kozik M. Efficient regioselective heterocyclisation leading to fluorescent fused pyrazine derivatives. Tetrahedron 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2011.05.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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25
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Achelle S, Plé N, Turck A. Incorporation of pyridazine rings in the structure of functionalized π-conjugated materials. RSC Adv 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c1ra00207d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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