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Roy I, David AHG, Das PJ, Pe DJ, Stoddart JF. Fluorescent cyclophanes and their applications. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:5557-5605. [PMID: 35704949 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs00352b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
With the serendipitous discovery of crown ethers by Pedersen more than half a century ago and the subsequent introduction of host-guest chemistry and supramolecular chemistry by Cram and Lehn, respectively, followed by the design and synthesis of wholly synthetic cyclophanes-in particular, fluorescent cyclophanes, having rich structural characteristics and functions-have been the focus of considerable research activity during the past few decades. Cyclophanes with remarkable emissive properties have been investigated continuously over the years and employed in numerous applications across the field of science and technology. In this Review, we feature the recent developments in the chemistry of fluorescent cyclophanes, along with their design and synthesis. Their host-guest chemistry and applications related to their structure and properties are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indranil Roy
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, USA.
| | - Arthur H G David
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, USA.
| | - Partha Jyoti Das
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, USA.
| | - David J Pe
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, USA.
| | - J Fraser Stoddart
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, USA. .,School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.,Stoddart Institute of Molecular Science, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310021, China.,ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center Hangzhou, 311215, China
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Mamardashvili G, Mamardashvili N, Koifman O. Macrocyclic Receptors for Identification and Selective Binding of Substrates of Different Nature. Molecules 2021; 26:5292. [PMID: 34500725 PMCID: PMC8433985 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26175292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Molecular recognition of host/guest molecules represents the basis of many biological processes and phenomena. Enzymatic catalysis and inhibition, immunological response, reproduction of genetic information, biological regulatory functions, the effects of drugs, and ion transfer-all these processes include the stage of structure recognition during complexation. The goal of this review is to solicit and publish the latest advances in the design and sensing and binding abilities of porphyrin-based heterotopic receptors with well-defined geometries, the recognition ability of which is realized due to ionic, H-bridge, charge transfer, hydrophobic, and hydrophilic interactions. The dissection of the considered low-energy processes at the molecular scale expands our capabilities in the development of effective systems for controlled recognition, selective delivery, and prolonged release of substrates of different natures (including drugs) to their sites of functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nugzar Mamardashvili
- G.A. Krestov Institute of Solution Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Akademicheskayast. 1, 153045 Ivanovo, Russia; (G.M.); (O.K.)
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Kumar P, Venkatakrishnan P. Expanding the Family of Fluorescent Coumarin[4]arenes: Improved Synthesis, π-Extension, and Characterization. European J Org Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201901189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Pawan Kumar
- Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Technology Madras; 600 036 Chennai - Tamil Nadu India
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Dumoulin F, Topkaya D, Yaşar S, Ahsen V, İşci Ü. Covalent or supramolecular combinations of resorcinarenes and porphyrinoids. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2016. [DOI: 10.1142/s108842461630010x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Cavitands and porphyrinoids are two major groups of molecules. If cyclodextrins are maybe the most famous type of cavitands, the properties of resorcinarenes are now well known and rise rapidly increasing attention. This mini-review aims at detailing all the combinations of resorcinarenes with porphyrinoids reported so far, evidencing the bright future of such combos. In addition, two newly synthesized porphyrins-resorcinarene hybrids are reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabienne Dumoulin
- Gebze Technical University, Department of Chemistry, P.O. box 141, 41400 Gebze Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Derya Topkaya
- Gebze Technical University, Department of Chemistry, P.O. box 141, 41400 Gebze Kocaeli, Turkey
- University of Dokuz Eylül, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, 35160 Tınaztepe Izmir, Turkey
| | - Songül Yaşar
- Gebze Technical University, Department of Chemistry, P.O. box 141, 41400 Gebze Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Vefa Ahsen
- Gebze Technical University, Department of Chemistry, P.O. box 141, 41400 Gebze Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Ümit İşci
- Gebze Technical University, Department of Chemistry, P.O. box 141, 41400 Gebze Kocaeli, Turkey
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Al-Azemi TF, Vinodh M, Alipour FH. Bis-resorcin[4]arene–bridged porphyrin conjugates: synthesis, fluorescence and binding studies. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra13963a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The synthesis of bis-resorcin[4]arene–bridged porphyrin conjugates and effect of the structure type on binding, and fluorescence quenching behaviors are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mickey Vinodh
- Chemistry Department
- Kuwait University
- Safat 13060
- Kuwait
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Al-Azemi TF, Vinodh M. Effect of the resorcin[4]arene host on the catalytic epoxidation of a Mn( iii)-based resorcin[4]arene–metalloporphyrin conjugate. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra13767e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The single-crystal X-ray diffraction data, binding behavior, and epoxidation reactions of the cavitand resorcin[4]arene–porphyrin conjugate are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mickey Vinodh
- Department of Chemistry
- Kuwait University
- Safat 13060
- Kuwait
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Tero TR, Salorinne K, Lehtivuori H, Ihalainen JA, Nissinen M. The Structural Diversity of Benzofuran Resorcinarene Leads to Enhanced Fluorescence. Chem Asian J 2014; 9:1860-7. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201402016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2014] [Revised: 03/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Fankhauser D, Kolarski D, Grüning WR, Diederich F. Resorcin[4]arene-Based Molecular Baskets and Water-Soluble Container Molecules: Synthesis and1H NMR Host-Guest Complexation Studies. European J Org Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201402140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Topkaya D, Dumoulin F, Ahsen V, İşci Ü. Axial binding and host–guest interactions of a phthalocyanine resorcinarene cavitand hybrid. Dalton Trans 2014; 43:2032-7. [DOI: 10.1039/c3dt52732h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Lu J, Liao X, Wu B, Zhao P, Jiang J, Zhang Y. DNA interactions, photocleavage, and cytotoxicity of fluorescein–porphyrinatozinc complexes with different lengths of links. J COORD CHEM 2013; 66:1574-1590. [DOI: 10.1080/00958972.2013.786051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiazheng Lu
- a Chemistry Department, School of Pharmacy , Guangdong Pharmaceutical University , The Pepoles’ Hospital of Shiling Huadu, Guangzhou , P.R. China
| | - Xiangwen Liao
- a Chemistry Department, School of Pharmacy , Guangdong Pharmaceutical University , The Pepoles’ Hospital of Shiling Huadu, Guangzhou , P.R. China
| | | | - Ping Zhao
- c School of Medicine Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Guangdong Pharmaceutical University , Guangzhou , P.R. China
| | - Jing Jiang
- a Chemistry Department, School of Pharmacy , Guangdong Pharmaceutical University , The Pepoles’ Hospital of Shiling Huadu, Guangzhou , P.R. China
| | - Yongli Zhang
- d School of Basic Courses , Guangdong Pharmaceutical University , Guangzhou , People’s P.R. China
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Lu J, Guo J, Sang W, Guo H. Mixed-ligand oxovanadium complexes incorporating Schiff base ligands: synthesis, DNA interactions, and cytotoxicities. TRANSIT METAL CHEM 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s11243-013-9714-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Vinodh M, Alipour FH, Mohamod AA, Al-Azemi TF. Molecular assemblies of porphyrins and macrocyclic receptors: recent developments in their synthesis and applications. Molecules 2012; 17:11763-99. [PMID: 23047480 PMCID: PMC6268645 DOI: 10.3390/molecules171011763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2012] [Revised: 09/08/2012] [Accepted: 09/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Metalloporphyrins which form the core of many bioenzymes and natural light harvesting or electron transport systems, exhibit a variety of selective functional properties depending on the state and surroundings with which they exist in biological systems. The specificity and ease with which they function in each of their bio-functions appear to be largely governed by the nature and disposition of the protein globule around the porphyrin reaction center. Synthetic porphyrin frameworks confined within or around a pre-organized molecular entity like the protein network in natural systems have attracted considerable attraction, especially in the field of biomimetic reactions. At the same time a large number of macrocyclic oligomers such as calixarenes, resorcinarenes, spherands, cyclodextrins and crown ethers have been investigated in detail as efficient molecular receptors. These molecular receptors are synthetic host molecules with enclosed interiors, which are designed three dimensionally to ensure strong and precise molecular encapsulation/recognition. Due to their complex structures, enclosed guest molecules reside in an environment isolated from the outside and as a consequence, physical properties and chemical reactions specific to that environment in these guest species can be identified. The facile incorporation of such molecular receptors into the highly photoactive and catalytically efficient porphyrin framework allows for convenient design of useful molecular systems with unique structural and functional properties. Such systems have provided over the years attractive model systems for the study of various biological and chemical processes, and the design of new materials and molecular devices. This review focuses on the recent developments in the synthesis of porphyrin assemblies associated with cyclodextrins, calixarenes and resorcinarenes and their potential applications in the fields of molecular encapsulation/recognition, and chemical catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Talal F. Al-Azemi
- Chemistry Department, Kuwait University, P.O. Box 5969, Safat 13060, Kuwait
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Lu J, Guo H, Zhang Y, Jiang J, Liu Y, Zang L, Huang J. DNA-binding and photocleavage of fluorescein-porphyrinatozinc complexes. J COORD CHEM 2012; 65:1765-1780. [DOI: 10.1080/00958972.2012.681381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiazheng Lu
- a School of Pharmacy , Guangdong Pharmaceutical University , Guangzhou 510006 , People's Republic of China
| | - Haiwei Guo
- a School of Pharmacy , Guangdong Pharmaceutical University , Guangzhou 510006 , People's Republic of China
| | - Yongli Zhang
- b School of Basic Courses , Guangdong Pharmaceutical University , Guangzhou 510006 , People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Jiang
- a School of Pharmacy , Guangdong Pharmaceutical University , Guangzhou 510006 , People's Republic of China
- c State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Material and Technologies & School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou 510275 , People's Republic of China
| | - Yunjin Liu
- a School of Pharmacy , Guangdong Pharmaceutical University , Guangzhou 510006 , People's Republic of China
| | - Linquan Zang
- a School of Pharmacy , Guangdong Pharmaceutical University , Guangzhou 510006 , People's Republic of China
| | - Jinwang Huang
- c State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Material and Technologies & School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou 510275 , People's Republic of China
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Lu J, Pan W, He R, Jin S, Liao X, Wu B, Zhao P, Guo H. DNA-binding and photocleavage studies of metallofluorescein–porphyrin complexes of zinc(II) and copper(II). TRANSIT METAL CHEM 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s11243-012-9615-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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