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Gergely LP, Yüceel Ç, İşci Ü, Spadin FS, Schneider L, Spingler B, Frenz M, Dumoulin F, Vermathen M. Comparing PVP and Polymeric Micellar Formulations of a PEGylated Photosensitizing Phthalocyanine by NMR and Optical Techniques. Mol Pharm 2023; 20:4165-4183. [PMID: 37493236 PMCID: PMC10410667 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.3c00306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
Phthalocyanines are ideal candidates as photosensitizers for photodynamic therapy (PDT) of cancer due to their favorable chemical and photophysical properties. However, their tendency to form aggregates in water reduces PDT efficacy and poses challenges in obtaining efficient forms of phthalocyanines for therapeutic applications. In the current work, polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and micellar formulations were compared for encapsulating and monomerizing a water-soluble zinc phthalocyanine bearing four non-peripheral triethylene glycol chains (Pc1). 1H NMR spectroscopy combined with UV-vis absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy revealed that Pc1 exists as a mixture of regioisomers in monomeric form in dimethyl sulfoxide but forms dimers in an aqueous buffer. PVP, polyethylene glycol castor oil (Kolliphor RH40), and three different triblock copolymers with varying proportions of polyethylene and polypropylene glycol units (termed P188, P84, and F127) were tested as micellar carriers for Pc1. 1H NMR chemical shift analysis, diffusion-ordered spectroscopy, and 2D nuclear Overhauser enhancement spectroscopy was applied to monitor the encapsulation and localization of Pc1 at the polymer interface. Kolliphor RH40 and F127 micelles exhibited the highest affinity for encapsulating Pc1 in the micellar core and resulted in intense Pc1 fluorescence emission as well as efficient singlet oxygen formation along with PVP. Among the triblock copolymers, efficiency in binding and dimer dissolution decreased in the order F127 > P84 > P188. PVP was a strong binder for Pc1. However, Pc1 molecules are rather surface-attached and exist as monomer and dimer mixtures. The results demonstrate that NMR combined with optical spectroscopy offer powerful tools to assess parameters like drug binding, localization sites, and dynamic properties that play key roles in achieving high host-guest compatibility. With the corresponding adjustments, polymeric micelles can offer simple and easily accessible drug delivery systems optimizing phthalocyanines' properties as efficient photosensitizers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lea P. Gergely
- Department
of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern 3012, Switzerland
| | - Çiğdem Yüceel
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Gebze Technical
University, Gebze 41400 Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Ümit İşci
- Department
of Chemistry, Gebze Technical University, Gebze 41400 Kocaeli, Turkey
- Marmara
University, Faculty of Technology, Department
of Metallurgical & Materials Engineering, Istanbul 34722, Turkey
| | | | - Lukas Schneider
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Zurich 8057, Switzerland
| | - Bernhard Spingler
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Zurich 8057, Switzerland
| | - Martin Frenz
- Institute
of Applied Physics, University of Bern, Bern 3012, Switzerland
| | - Fabienne Dumoulin
- Faculty
of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Biomedical Engineering Department, Acıbadem Mehmet Ali Aydınlar University, Ataşehir, Istanbul 34752, Turkey
| | - Martina Vermathen
- Department
of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern 3012, Switzerland
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2
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Bharmoria P, Ghasemi S, Edhborg F, Losantos R, Wang Z, Mårtensson A, Morikawa MA, Kimizuka N, İşci Ü, Dumoulin F, Albinsson B, Moth-Poulsen K. Far-Red Triplet Sensitized Z- to - E Photoswitching of Azobenzene in Bioplastics. Chem Sci 2022; 13:11904-11911. [PMID: 36320900 PMCID: PMC9580493 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc04230d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We report the first example of direct far-red triplet sensitized molecular photoswitching in a condensed phase wherein a liquid azobenzene derivative (Azo1) co-assembled within a liquid surfactant–protein film undergoes triplet sensitized Z-to-E photoswitching upon far-red/red light excitation in air. The role of triplet sensitization in photoswitching has been confirmed by quenching of sensitizer phosphorescence by Z-Azo1 and temperature-dependent photoswitching experiments. Herein, we demonstrate new biosustainable fabrication designs to address key challenges in solid-state photoswitching, effectively mitigating chromophore aggregation and requirement of high energy excitations by dispersing the photoswitch in the trapped liquid inside the solid framework and by shifting the action spectrum from blue-green light (450–560 nm) to the far-red/red light (740/640 nm) region. We report the first example of direct far-red endothermic triplet sensitized Z-to-E photoswitching of azobenzene derivative (Azo1) in a condensed phase of a liquid Azo1 co-assembled within a liquid surfactant-protein bioplastic film in air.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Pankaj Bharmoria
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology Kemivägen 4 412 96 Gothenburg Sweden
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg Kemigården 10, Göteborg 412 96 Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Shima Ghasemi
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology Kemivägen 4 412 96 Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Fredrik Edhborg
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology Kemivägen 4 412 96 Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Raúl Losantos
- Université de Paris Cité and CNRS, ITODYS F-75006 Paris France
- Universidad de La Rioja, Departamento de Química, Centro de Investigación en Síntesis Química Madre de Dios, 53 26006 Logroño Spain
| | - Zhihang Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology Kemivägen 4 412 96 Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Anders Mårtensson
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology Kemivägen 4 412 96 Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Masa-Aki Morikawa
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Center for Molecular Systems (CMS) Kyushu University 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
| | - Nobuo Kimizuka
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Center for Molecular Systems (CMS) Kyushu University 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
| | - Ümit İşci
- Gebze Technical University, Chemistry Department 41400 Gebze Kocaeli Turkey
| | - Fabienne Dumoulin
- Acıbadem Mehmet Ali Aydınlar University, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Biomedical Engineering Department Ataşehir Istanbul Turkey
| | - Bo Albinsson
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology Kemivägen 4 412 96 Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Kasper Moth-Poulsen
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology Kemivägen 4 412 96 Gothenburg Sweden
- The Institute of Materials Science of Barcelona, ICMAB-CSIC Bellaterra 08193 Barcelona Spain
- Catalan Institution for Research & Advanced Studies, ICREA Pg. Lluís Companys 23 Barcelona Spain
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3
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Yüceel Ç, Şahin Z, İşci Ü. Substituent effect on iron phthalocyanines as cyclohexene oxidation catalysts. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2021. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424621501285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Two iron phthalocyanines peripherally octasubstituted either with electron-withdrawing isobutylsulfonyl moities or electron-donating isobutoxy moieties were designed to investigate the effect of the substitution pattern on their oxidation catalytic activity, and were then tested in oxidation of cyclohexene as a reaction model. For both catalysts, the main product of oxidation was 2-cyclohexen-1-ol which is an allylic oxidation product. The electron-withdrawing isobutylsulfonyl substituted iron phthalocyanine 1exhibited better catalytic activities than the electron-donating isobutoxy substituted iron phthalocyanine 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Çiğdem Yüceel
- Gebze Technical University, Chemical Engineering Department, 41400 Gebze Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Zeynel Şahin
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Marmara University, Faculty of Technology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ümit İşci
- Gebze Technical University, Chemistry Department, 41400 Gebze Kocaeli, Turkey
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Dindaş GB, Şahin Z, Cengiz Yatmaz H, İşci Ü. Cobalt phthalocyanine-TiO2 nanocomposites for photocatalytic remediation of textile dyes under visible light irradiation. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2019. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424619500482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
CoPc(COOH)[Formula: see text]-TiO[Formula: see text] nanocomposites to be used as efficient visible light photocatalysts were obtained by modifying TiO2 nanoparticles with cobalt(II) tetracarboxyphthalocyanine (CoPc(COOH)[Formula: see text]). The photocatalyst was then characterized by ultra-violet diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV-DRS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The UV-DRS spectra showed that the absorbance spectrum of the modified catalyst was shifted to the visible region. Different textile dye solutions of Reactive Red 180, Acid Red 88 and Direct Orange 46 were efficiently degraded under visible light. Color removal rates were established to be 30%, 53% and 47% after 180 min for RR180, AR88 and DO46 dyes, respectively. The optimum catalyst concentration was determined to be 1 g/L of CoPc(COOH)[Formula: see text]-TiO[Formula: see text]. Development of the CoPc(COOH)[Formula: see text]-TiO[Formula: see text] nanocomposite photocatalyst enabled the utilization of visible light irradiation for efficient photodegradation of organic textile dye solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gizem Başaran Dindaş
- Gebze Technical University, Environmental Engineering Department, 41400 Gebze Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Zeynel Şahin
- Gebze Technical University, Chemistry Department, 41400 Gebze Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - H. Cengiz Yatmaz
- Gebze Technical University, Environmental Engineering Department, 41400 Gebze Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Ümit İşci
- Gebze Technical University, Chemistry Department, 41400 Gebze Kocaeli, Turkey
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5
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Ekineker G, Nguyen C, Bayır S, Dominguez Gil S, İşci Ü, Daurat M, Godefroy A, Raehm L, Charnay C, Oliviero E, Ahsen V, Gary-Bobo M, Durand JO, Dumoulin F. Phthalocyanine-based mesoporous organosilica nanoparticles: NIR photodynamic efficiency and siRNA photochemical internalization. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:11619-11622. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cc05703j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Mesoporous organosilica nanoparticles (PHT-PMO) have been prepared from an octa-triethoxysilylated Zn phthalocyanine precursor and showed powerful NIR photodynamic efficiency and siRNA photochemical internalization.
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6
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Tarhouni M, Durand D, Önal E, Aggad D, İşci Ü, Ekineker G, Brégier F, Jamoussi B, Sol V, Gary-Bobo M, Dumoulin F. Triphenylphosphonium-substituted phthalocyanine: Design, synthetic strategy, photoproperties and photodynamic activity. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2018. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424618500554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
In line with current efforts to direct PDT photosensitizers to specific organelles such as mitochondria, a triphenylphosphonium-tetrasubstituted Zn phthalocyanine was designed, taking into account synthetic constraints. Triphenylphosphonium moieties were successfully introduced on alkyl bromide substituents on a pre-formed phthalocyanine. Photophysical and photochemical measurements showed that the photoproperties of the Zn phthalocyanine core were not affected by the triphenylphosphonium groups. Biological investigations demonstrated the dark innocuousness of the phthalocyanine up to 1 [Formula: see text]M, a concentration that exhibited a powerful phototoxicity. Cell death was confirmed to be photodynamically induced thanks to reactive oxygen species detection experiments. Nonetheless, the triphenylphosphonium moieties did not promote the accumulation of the phthalocyanine in mitochondria as significantly as expected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Tarhouni
- Chemistry Department, Gebze Technical University, Gebze, 41400 Kocaeli, Turkey
- Faculté Des Sciences de Bizerte, Université de Carthage, UR17ES01 Didactique des Sciences Expérimentales, et de chimie supramoléculaire, 7021 Zarzouna Bizerte, Tunisia
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Substances Naturelles EA 1069 Université de Limoges, Faculté des Sciences, et Techniques, 123 Av. Albert Thomas, 87060 Limoges, France
| | - Denis Durand
- Institut de Biomolécules Max Mousseron, UMR 5247, Université de Montpellier, Avenue Charles Flahault, 34093 Montpellier Cedex 05, France
| | - Emel Önal
- Chemistry Department, Gebze Technical University, Gebze, 41400 Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Dina Aggad
- Institut de Biomolécules Max Mousseron, UMR 5247, Université de Montpellier, Avenue Charles Flahault, 34093 Montpellier Cedex 05, France
| | - Ümit İşci
- Chemistry Department, Gebze Technical University, Gebze, 41400 Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Gülçin Ekineker
- Chemistry Department, Gebze Technical University, Gebze, 41400 Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Frédérique Brégier
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Substances Naturelles EA 1069 Université de Limoges, Faculté des Sciences, et Techniques, 123 Av. Albert Thomas, 87060 Limoges, France
| | - Bassem Jamoussi
- Université Tunis el Manar, UR17ES01 Didactique des Sciences Expérimentales et de Chimie Supramoléculaire, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Vincent Sol
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Substances Naturelles EA 1069 Université de Limoges, Faculté des Sciences, et Techniques, 123 Av. Albert Thomas, 87060 Limoges, France
| | - Magali Gary-Bobo
- Institut de Biomolécules Max Mousseron, UMR 5247, Université de Montpellier, Avenue Charles Flahault, 34093 Montpellier Cedex 05, France
| | - Fabienne Dumoulin
- Chemistry Department, Gebze Technical University, Gebze, 41400 Kocaeli, Turkey
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7
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İşci Ü, Topal SZ, Önal E, Fidan İ, Berber S, Ahsen V, Parejo C, Sastre-Santos Á, Dumoulin F. Synthesis and characterization of a new meso-tetra-dihydro benzocyclobutacenaphthylene free-base porphyrin. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2018. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424618500062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
A meso-tetra-6b,10b-dihydrobenzo[j]cyclobut[a]acenaphthylene free-base porphyrin was synthesised and its photophysical, photochemical and electrochemical properties were compared with those of free-base meso-tetraphenylporphyrin. The frontier orbitals and the HOMO–LUMO energy gaps of both compounds were also determined. It was demonstrated that the meso6b,10b-Dihydrobenzo[j]cyclobut[a]acenaphthylene porphyrin retained the same properties as the tetraphenylporphyrin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ümit İşci
- Gebze Technical University, Department of Chemistry, 41400 Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Sevinc Zehra Topal
- Gebze Technical University, Department of Chemistry, 41400 Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Emel Önal
- Gebze Technical University, Department of Chemistry, 41400 Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - İsmail Fidan
- Gebze Technical University, Department of Chemistry, 41400 Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Savaş Berber
- Gebze Technical University, Department of Physics, 41400 Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Vefa Ahsen
- Gebze Technical University, Department of Chemistry, 41400 Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Concepción Parejo
- Área de Química Orgánica, Instituto de Bioingeniería, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Avda. de la Universidad, s/n, 03202 Elche, Spain
| | - Ángela Sastre-Santos
- Área de Química Orgánica, Instituto de Bioingeniería, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Avda. de la Universidad, s/n, 03202 Elche, Spain
| | - Fabienne Dumoulin
- Gebze Technical University, Department of Chemistry, 41400 Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey
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Önal E, Okyay TM, Ekineker G, İşci Ü, Ahsen V, Berber S, Zorlu Y, Dumoulin F. Sulfanyl vs sulfonyl, 4,5- vs 3,6- position. How structural variations in phthalonitrile substitution affect their infra-red, crystallographic and Hirshfeld surface analyses. J Mol Struct 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2017.10.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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9
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Önal E, Zhang C, Davarcı D, İşci Ü, Pilet G, Whittaker AK, Dumoulin F. Cyclotriphosphazene, a scaffold for 19 F MRI contrast agents. Tetrahedron Lett 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2017.12.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Abstract
Cavitands and porphyrinoids are two major groups of molecules. If cyclodextrins are maybe the most famous type of cavitands, the properties of resorcinarenes are now well known and rise rapidly increasing attention. This mini-review aims at detailing all the combinations of resorcinarenes with porphyrinoids reported so far, evidencing the bright future of such combos. In addition, two newly synthesized porphyrins-resorcinarene hybrids are reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabienne Dumoulin
- Gebze Technical University, Department of Chemistry, P.O. box 141, 41400 Gebze Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Derya Topkaya
- Gebze Technical University, Department of Chemistry, P.O. box 141, 41400 Gebze Kocaeli, Turkey
- University of Dokuz Eylül, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, 35160 Tınaztepe Izmir, Turkey
| | - Songül Yaşar
- Gebze Technical University, Department of Chemistry, P.O. box 141, 41400 Gebze Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Vefa Ahsen
- Gebze Technical University, Department of Chemistry, P.O. box 141, 41400 Gebze Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Ümit İşci
- Gebze Technical University, Department of Chemistry, P.O. box 141, 41400 Gebze Kocaeli, Turkey
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11
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Köç M, Zorlu Y, İşci Ü, Berber S, Ahsen V, Dumoulin F. A library of dimeric and trimeric phthalonitriles linked by a single aromatic ring: comparative structural and DFT investigations. CrystEngComm 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ce02261d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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12
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İşci Ü, Beyreis M, Tortik N, Topal SZ, Glueck M, Ahsen V, Dumoulin F, Kiesslich T, Plaetzer K. Methylsulfonyl Zn phthalocyanine: A polyvalent and powerful hydrophobic photosensitizer with a wide spectrum of photodynamic applications. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2015; 13:40-47. [PMID: 26529064 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2015.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2015] [Revised: 10/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The biomedical photodynamic principle is based on the light-induced and photosensitizer-mediated killing of unwanted or harmful cells by overproduction of reactive oxygen species. Motivated by the success of photodynamic therapy (PDT) against several types of tumors, further applications of this approach are constantly identified which require the design and synthesis of novel photosensitizers with specifically tailored properties for a particular clinical application. METHODS Hydrophobic photosensitizers are currently gaining attention and hence a tetramethylsulfonyl Zn(II) phthalocyanine (2) was designed with respect to the desired photoproperties. The photodynamic potential of 2 was assessed by the determination of its photophysical and photochemical properties, and by a large range of biological tests including its phototoxicity against cancer cells and Gram(+) bacteria. Unsubstituted ZnPc was used as a reference compound for comparison purposes. RESULTS Phthalocyanine 2 has a better oxygen generation and is more photostable than ZnPc. 2 is a polyvalent and powerful hydrophobic photosensitizer with a wide spectrum of photodynamic applications against cancer (tested on A431 cells) and for Gram(+) PDI. Against Staphylococcus aureus, a maximum photokilling efficiency of more than 6 log10 steps was induced by a 5μM concentration of 2, outperforming the 3 log10 criterion for an antimicrobial effect (according to the recommendation of the American Society for Microbiology) by more than three orders of magnitude. CONCLUSIONS Phthalocyanine 2 has attractive photophysical and -chemical characteristics. Initial evaluation of its application in anti-tumor PDT and PDI suggest potential for further pre-clinical and clinical development of this compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ümit İşci
- Department of Chemistry, Gebze Technical University, P. O. Box 141, Gebze 41400, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Marlena Beyreis
- Laboratory for Tumour Biology and Experimental Therapies, Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Paracelsus Medical University, Strubergasse 21, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Nicole Tortik
- Laboratory of Photodynamic Inactivation of Microorganisms, Department of Materials Science and Physics, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunnerstrasse 34, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Sevinc Z Topal
- Department of Chemistry, Gebze Technical University, P. O. Box 141, Gebze 41400, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Michael Glueck
- Laboratory of Photodynamic Inactivation of Microorganisms, Department of Materials Science and Physics, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunnerstrasse 34, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Vefa Ahsen
- Department of Chemistry, Gebze Technical University, P. O. Box 141, Gebze 41400, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Fabienne Dumoulin
- Department of Chemistry, Gebze Technical University, P. O. Box 141, Gebze 41400, Kocaeli, Turkey.
| | - Tobias Kiesslich
- Laboratory for Tumour Biology and Experimental Therapies, Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Paracelsus Medical University, Strubergasse 21, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; Department of Internal Medicine I, Salzburger Landeskliniken / Paracelsus Medical University, Müllner Hauptstraße 48, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Kristjan Plaetzer
- Laboratory of Photodynamic Inactivation of Microorganisms, Department of Materials Science and Physics, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunnerstrasse 34, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
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İşci Ü, Faponle AS, Afanasiev P, Albrieux F, Briois V, Ahsen V, Dumoulin F, Sorokin AB, de Visser SP. Site-selective formation of an iron(iv)-oxo species at the more electron-rich iron atom of heteroleptic μ-nitrido diiron phthalocyanines. Chem Sci 2015; 6:5063-5075. [PMID: 30155008 PMCID: PMC6088558 DOI: 10.1039/c5sc01811k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2015] [Accepted: 06/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A combination of MS and computation on μ-nitrido bridged diiron complexes reveals H2O2 binding to the complex and generates an oxidant capable of oxidizing methane.
Iron(iv)–oxo species have been identified as the active intermediates in key enzymatic processes, and their catalytic properties are strongly affected by the equatorial and axial ligands bound to the metal, but details of these effects are still unresolved. In our aim to create better and more efficient oxidants of H-atom abstraction reactions, we have investigated a unique heteroleptic diiron phthalocyanine complex. We propose a novel intramolecular approach to determine the structural features that govern the catalytic activity of iron(iv)–oxo sites. Heteroleptic μ-nitrido diiron phthalocyanine complexes having an unsubstituted phthalocyanine (Pc1) and a phthalocyanine ligand substituted with electron-withdrawing alkylsulfonyl groups (PcSO2R) were prepared and characterized. A reaction with terminal oxidants gives two isomeric iron(iv)–oxo and iron(iii)–hydroperoxo species with abundances dependent on the equatorial ligand. Cryospray ionization mass spectrometry (CSI-MS) characterized both hydroperoxo and diiron oxo species in the presence of H2O2. When m-CPBA was used as the oxidant, the formation of diiron oxo species (PcSO2R)FeNFe(Pc1)
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O was also evidenced. Sufficient amounts of these transient species were trapped in the quadrupole region of the mass-spectrometer and underwent a CID-MS/MS fragmentation. Analyses of fragmentation patterns indicated a preferential formation of hydroperoxo and oxo moieties at more electron-rich iron sites of both heteroleptic μ-nitrido complexes. DFT calculations show that both isomers are close in energy. However, the analysis of the iron(iii)–hydroperoxo bond strength reveals major differences for the (Pc1)FeN(PcSO2R)FeIIIOOH system as compared to (PcSO2R)FeN(Pc1)FeIIIOOH system, and, hence binding of a terminal oxidant will be preferentially on more electron-rich sides. Subsequent kinetics studies showed that these oxidants are able to even oxidize methane to formic acid efficiently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ümit İşci
- Gebze Technical University , Department of Chemistry , P.O. Box 141, Gebze , 41400 Kocaeli , Turkey .
| | - Abayomi S Faponle
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology and School of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Science , The University of Manchester , 131 Princess Street , Manchester M1 7DN , UK .
| | - Pavel Afanasiev
- Institut de Recherches sur la Catalyse et l'Environnement de Lyon (IRCELYON) , UMR 5256 , CNRS-Université Lyon 1 , 2, av. A. Einstein , 69626 Villeurbanne Cedex , France .
| | - Florian Albrieux
- Centre Commun de Spectrométrie de Masse UMR 5246 , CNRS-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 , Université de Lyon , Bâtiment Curien , 43, bd du 11 Novembre , 69622 Villeurbanne Cedex , France
| | - Valérie Briois
- Synchrotron Soleil , L'orme des merisiers, St-Aubin , 91192 Gif-sur-Yvette , France
| | - Vefa Ahsen
- Gebze Technical University , Department of Chemistry , P.O. Box 141, Gebze , 41400 Kocaeli , Turkey .
| | - Fabienne Dumoulin
- Gebze Technical University , Department of Chemistry , P.O. Box 141, Gebze , 41400 Kocaeli , Turkey .
| | - Alexander B Sorokin
- Institut de Recherches sur la Catalyse et l'Environnement de Lyon (IRCELYON) , UMR 5256 , CNRS-Université Lyon 1 , 2, av. A. Einstein , 69626 Villeurbanne Cedex , France .
| | - Sam P de Visser
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology and School of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Science , The University of Manchester , 131 Princess Street , Manchester M1 7DN , UK .
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14
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Topal SZ, İşci Ü, Kumru U, Atilla D, Gürek AG, Hirel C, Durmuş M, Tommasino JB, Luneau D, Berber S, Dumoulin F, Ahsen V. Modulation of the electronic and spectroscopic properties of Zn(II) phthalocyanines by their substitution pattern. Dalton Trans 2015; 43:6897-908. [PMID: 24667853 DOI: 10.1039/c3dt53410c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Four isomerically pure octasubstituted zinc phthalocyanines with variations in the attachment atom and positions of the substituents were selected for a systematic investigation of the effect of the substitution pattern on their electronic and spectroscopic properties. Effects which were investigated are the position, the electron donating and withdrawing properties, and the donating force of the substituent. The results are discussed and interpreted based on theoretical and experimental determination of the orbital levels. This work allows us to highlight which substitution patterns are the most suitable considering different common applications of phthalocyanines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sevinc Z Topal
- Gebze Institute of Technology, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Chemistry, 41400, Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey.
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15
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Zorlu Y, Kumru U, İşci Ü, Divrik B, Jeanneau E, Albrieux F, Dede Y, Ahsen V, Dumoulin F. 1,4,8,11,15,18,22,25-Alkylsulfanyl phthalocyanines: effect of macrocycle distortion on spectroscopic and packing properties. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:6580-3. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cc01085c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The effect of phthalocyanine macrocycle distortion on its spectroscopic and packing properties is studied, by comparing two phthalocyanines octa-non-peripherally substituted by alkanethiols of different bulkiness (n-hexyl and tert-butyl).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunus Zorlu
- Department of Chemistry
- Gebze Technical University
- Gebze
- Turkey
| | - Ufuk Kumru
- Department of Chemistry
- Gebze Technical University
- Gebze
- Turkey
| | - Ümit İşci
- Department of Chemistry
- Gebze Technical University
- Gebze
- Turkey
| | - Burcin Divrik
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Gazi University
- Teknikokullar
- Turkey
| | - Erwann Jeanneau
- Centre de Diffractométrie Henri Longchambon
- Université Lyon I
- 69622 Villeurbanne Cedex
- France
| | - Florian Albrieux
- Centre Commun de Spectrométrie de Masse UMR 5246
- CNRS-Claude Bernard Lyon 1
- Université de Lyon
- 69622 Villeurbanne Cedex
- France
| | - Yavuz Dede
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Gazi University
- Teknikokullar
- Turkey
| | - Vefa Ahsen
- Department of Chemistry
- Gebze Technical University
- Gebze
- Turkey
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16
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İşci Ü, Caner C, Zorlu Y, Gürek AG, Dumoulin F, Ahsen V. Sulfonamide-substituted iron phthalocyanine: design, solubility range, stability and oxidation of olefins. Dalton Trans 2014; 43:17916-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c4dt02412e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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17
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Topkaya D, Dumoulin F, Ahsen V, İşci Ü. Axial binding and host–guest interactions of a phthalocyanine resorcinarene cavitand hybrid. Dalton Trans 2014; 43:2032-7. [DOI: 10.1039/c3dt52732h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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18
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Alpugan S, İşci Ü, Albrieux F, Hirel C, Gürek AG, Bretonnière Y, Ahsen V, Dumoulin F. Expeditious selective access to functionalized platforms of A7B-type heteroleptic lanthanide double-decker complexes of phthalocyanine. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 50:7466-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cc02523g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Abstract
The first push-pull μ-nitrido diiron phthalocyanine complex was prepared and characterized. The EPR spectrum confirms the Fe +3.5– N – Fe +3.5 formalism. The stability of this dimer in oxidant media (up to 1000 equivalent of H 2 O 2) was studied by UV-vis spectroscopy. The push-pull μ-nitrido diiron phthalocyanine exhibited excellent stability because of the delocalization of an unpaired electron.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ümit İşci
- Gebze Institute of Technology, Department of Chemistry, P.O. Box 141, Gebze 41400, Turkey
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20
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İşci Ü, Gürek AG, Ahsen V, Sorokin AB. Preparation of iron phthalocyanine complex bearing four tetraazamacrocycles as a precursor for oxidation catalyst with two catalytic sites. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2009. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424609000851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of the iron phthalocyanine bearing four fused tetraazamacrocycles starting from N,N',N″,N‴-tetrakis(p-tolylsulfonyl)triethylenetetraamine and 1,2-dibromo-4,5-bis(bromomethyl)benzene is reported. The exchange of protecting tosyl groups by acetyl groups was necessary to obtain iron phthalocyanine. The efficiency of iron phthalocyanine as oxidation catalyst was tested for the practically important oxidation of 2,3,6-trimethylphenol (TMP) at different reaction conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ümit İşci
- Gebze Institute of Technology, Department of Chemistry, P.O. Box 141, Gebze 41400, Turkey
- Institut de Recherches sur la Catalyse et l'Environnement de Lyon (IRCELYON) UMR 5256, CNRS Université Lyon 1, 2 av. A. Einstein, 69626 Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - Ayşe Gül Gürek
- Gebze Institute of Technology, Department of Chemistry, P.O. Box 141, Gebze 41400, Turkey
| | - Vefa Ahsen
- Gebze Institute of Technology, Department of Chemistry, P.O. Box 141, Gebze 41400, Turkey
- TUBITAK-Marmara Research Center, Materials Institute, P.O. Box 21, Gebze 41470, Turkey
| | - Alexander B. Sorokin
- Institut de Recherches sur la Catalyse et l'Environnement de Lyon (IRCELYON) UMR 5256, CNRS Université Lyon 1, 2 av. A. Einstein, 69626 Villeurbanne Cedex, France
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İşci Ü, Afanasiev P, Millet JMM, Kudrik EV, Ahsen V, Sorokin AB. Preparation and characterization of μ-nitrido diiron phthalocyanines with electron-withdrawing substituents: application for catalytic aromatic oxidation. Dalton Trans 2009:7410-20. [DOI: 10.1039/b902592h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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