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Volkova Y, Zavarzin I. Synthesis of Phosphorus(V)-Substituted Six-Membered N-Heterocycles: Recent Progress and Challenges. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28062472. [PMID: 36985443 PMCID: PMC10054050 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28062472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Heterocycles functionalized with pentavalent phosphorus are of great importance since they include a great variety of biologically active compounds and pharmaceuticals, advanced materials, and valuable reactive intermediates for organic synthesis. Significant progress in synthesis of P(O)R2-substituted six-membered heterocycles has been made in the past decade. This review covers the synthetic strategies towards aromatic monocyclic six-membered N-heterocycles, such as pyridines, pyridazines, pyrimidines, and pyrazines bearing phosphonates and phosphine oxides, which were reported from 2012 to 2022.
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2
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Kostoudi S, Pampalakis G. Improvements, Variations and Biomedical Applications of the Michaelis-Arbuzov Reaction. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23063395. [PMID: 35328816 PMCID: PMC8955222 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23063395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Compounds bearing the phosphorus–carbon (P–C) bond have important pharmacological, biochemical, and toxicological properties. Historically, the most notable reaction for the formation of the P–C bond is the Michaelis–Arbuzov reaction, first described in 1898. The classical Michaelis–Arbuzov reaction entails a reaction between an alkyl halide and a trialkyl phosphite to yield a dialkylalkylphosphonate. Nonetheless, deviations from the classical mechanisms and new modifications have appeared that allowed the expansion of the library of reactants and consequently the chemical space of the yielded products. These involve the use of Lewis acid catalysts, green methods, ultrasound, microwave, photochemically-assisted reactions, aryne-based reactions, etc. Here, a detailed presentation of the Michaelis–Arbuzov reaction and its developments and applications in the synthesis of biomedically important agents is provided. Certain examples of such applications include the development of alkylphosphonofluoridates as serine hydrolase inhibitors and activity-based probes, and the P–C containing antiviral and anticancer agents.
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Panchal J, Jain S, Jain PK, Kishore D, Dwivedi J. Greener approach toward synthesis of biologically active
s
‐Triazine
(
TCT
) derivatives: A recent update. J Heterocycl Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.4343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jigar Panchal
- Department of Chemistry Banasthali Vidyapith Banasthali India
| | - Sonika Jain
- Department of Chemistry Banasthali Vidyapith Banasthali India
| | | | - Dharma Kishore
- Department of Chemistry Banasthali Vidyapith Banasthali India
| | - Jaya Dwivedi
- Department of Chemistry Banasthali Vidyapith Banasthali India
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4
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Harsági N, Keglevich G. The Hydrolysis of Phosphinates and Phosphonates: A Review. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26102840. [PMID: 34064764 PMCID: PMC8150351 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26102840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphinic and phosphonic acids are useful intermediates and biologically active compounds which may be prepared from their esters, phosphinates and phosphonates, respectively, by hydrolysis or dealkylation. The hydrolysis may take place both under acidic and basic conditions, but the C-O bond may also be cleaved by trimethylsilyl halides. The hydrolysis of P-esters is a challenging task because, in most cases, the optimized reaction conditions have not yet been explored. Despite the importance of the hydrolysis of P-esters, this field has not yet been fully surveyed. In order to fill this gap, examples of acidic and alkaline hydrolysis, as well as the dealkylation of phosphinates and phosphonates, are summarized in this review.
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5
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Electrochemical Phosphorylation of Organic Molecules. CHEM REC 2020; 20:1530-1552. [DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202000096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 09/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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6
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Kaskevich KI, Babushkina AA, Gurzhiy VV, Egorov DM, Svintsitskaya NI, Dogadina AV. Synthesis of 3(2)-phosphonylated thiazolo[3,2- a]oxopyrimidines. Beilstein J Org Chem 2020; 16:1947-1954. [PMID: 32831951 PMCID: PMC7431766 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.16.161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of 3(2)-phosphonylated thiazolo[3,2-a]oxopyrimidines was synthesized for the first time by the reactions of chloroethynylphosphonates with unsubstituted and 5(6)-substituted 2-thiouracils. The reaction of chloroethynylphosphonates with 6-substituted 2-thiouracils bearing electron-donor groups (CH3, Ph) proceeded with high regioselectivity involving the cyclization through the N3-nitrogen atom to form new 3-phosphonylated thiazolo[3,2-a]-5-oxopyrimidines with good yield. In the case of unsubstituted and 5-methyl-2-thiouracils, cyclization occurred predominantly through the N1 atom and partially via the N3-nitrogen atom to form a mixture of the corresponding thiazolo[3,2-a]-7- and 5-oxopyrimidines. A dramatic change in the reaction regioselectivity was observed in the case of 6-trifluoromethyl-2-thiouracil that afforded 2- and 3-phosphonylated 5-oxothiazolopyrimidines in a 1:1 ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ksenia I Kaskevich
- Department of Organic Chemistry, St. Petersburg State Institute of Technology, Moskovskii pr. 26, St. Petersburg, 190013, Russia
| | - Anastasia A Babushkina
- Department of Organic Chemistry, St. Petersburg State Institute of Technology, Moskovskii pr. 26, St. Petersburg, 190013, Russia
| | - Vladislav V Gurzhiy
- Department of Crystallography, Institute of Earth Sciences, St. Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya emb. 7/9, St. Petersburg, 199034 Russia
| | - Dmitrij M Egorov
- Department of Organic Chemistry, St. Petersburg State Institute of Technology, Moskovskii pr. 26, St. Petersburg, 190013, Russia
| | - Nataly I Svintsitskaya
- Department of Organic Chemistry, St. Petersburg State Institute of Technology, Moskovskii pr. 26, St. Petersburg, 190013, Russia
| | - Albina V Dogadina
- Department of Organic Chemistry, St. Petersburg State Institute of Technology, Moskovskii pr. 26, St. Petersburg, 190013, Russia
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7
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Optimization and a Kinetic Study on the Acidic Hydrolysis of Dialkyl α-Hydroxybenzylphosphonates. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25173793. [PMID: 32825450 PMCID: PMC7504060 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25173793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The two-step acidic hydrolysis of α-hydroxybenzylphosphonates and a few related derivatives was monitored in order to determine the kinetics and to map the reactivity of the differently substituted phosphonates in hydrolysis. Electron-withdrawing substituents increased the rate, while electron-releasing ones slowed down the reaction. Both hydrolysis steps were characterized by pseudo-first-order rate constants. The fission of the second P-O-C bond was found to be the rate-determining step.
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8
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Ghosh S, Biswas K, Basu B. Recent Advances in Microwave Promoted C-P Cross-coupling Reactions. CURRENT MICROWAVE CHEMISTRY 2020. [DOI: 10.2174/2213335607666200401144724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
:
Organophosphorous compounds are of potential importance in diverse fields. They are often
used as intermediates for making functionalized phosphine ligands as well as find vast applications
in the areas of industrial, agricultural and biological chemistry. The microwave-assisted synthesis
of C-P bonds has become increasingly popular because of its various advantages over conventional
heating in the perspectives of green chemistry.
:
This review article has primarily focused on the synthesis of various organophosphorous molecules
via microwave promoted C-P cross-coupling reactions under metal-catalyzed or metal–free conditions
over the last two decades. The synthesis of phosphine ligands on 4,4′-bisquinolone structural framework,
disubstituted phosphinic acid esters, vinyl phosphines, aryl- and vinylphosphonates, sugar and
nucleoside phosphonates, aminobisphosphonates, triphenyl phosphines, water-soluble tertiary phosphine
oxides and many other potentially useful organophosphorous compounds have been illustrated
critically. The Hirao reaction, Michaelis-Arbuzov reaction and Sandmeyer type of reactions are generally
involved in creating C-P bonds. The role of various metal catalysts, solvents, bases, additives
and temperature in different literatures are carefully discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujit Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, Raiganj Surendranath Mahavidyalaya, Raiganj 733134, India
| | - Kinkar Biswas
- Department of Chemistry, Raiganj University, Raiganj 733134, India
| | - Basudeb Basu
- Department of Chemistry, Raiganj University, Raiganj 733134, India
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9
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Das S, Banik R, Kumar B, Roy S, Noorussabah, Amhad K, Sukul PK. A Green Approach for Organic Transformations Using Microwave Reactor. Curr Org Synth 2020; 16:730-764. [PMID: 31984890 DOI: 10.2174/1570179416666190412160048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Revised: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Microwave-assisted organic transformation (MAOR) is presently gaining wide popularity in the field of organic synthesis. The conventional heating technique is gradually being removed from the laboratory and a novel microwave heating technique established to be used in both academia and industry. As compared to the classical organic methodology, the green technology tools have several advantages like dramatically reduced reaction times, improved yields, site selectivity, and the increased product purities with simplification of work-up procedures. In the current study, we have briefly described the overview of recent developments and applications of microwave irradiation in organic transformation with schematic compiling of the organic reactions, bioactive heterocyclic compounds, and so on. This review also presents a critical analysis of the various advantages of microwave irradiation in organic synthesis/transformation compared to the classical or conventional heating. So, we believe that our current study of the green microwave heating technique will be highly beneficial for the researchers from both academia and industry in their near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subrata Das
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Panta 800005, India
| | - Rupak Banik
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Agartala 799046, India
| | - Brajesh Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Panta 800005, India
| | - Subhadip Roy
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Agartala 799046, India
| | - Noorussabah
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Panta 800005, India
| | - Khursheed Amhad
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Panta 800005, India
| | - Pradip K Sukul
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Panta 800005, India
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11
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Abstract
The P-heterocyclic field forms a special part of organophosphorus chemistry,
and is a special discipline within heterocyclic chemistry. The relevant results accumulated
in the group of the author of this minireview in last 5 years are summarized. After
surveying the conformational situation of cyclic phosphinates, their Microwave
(MW)-assisted direct esterification and the T3P®-promoted esterification are discussed.
The next chapters describe newer results regarding the interpretation and modelling of the
rate enhancing effect of MWs, and on an important, but somewhat neglected field, the
hydrolysis of phosphinates. New results on the ring enlargement of 5-membered
unsaturated P-heterocycles to 6-ring species, as well as on the synthesis of
7-phosphanorbornene derivatives, and their refunctionalization are also included. Novel
findings on the preparation of cyclic amides and imides are also explored. Last but not least, the user-friendly
deoxygenations of cyclic phosphine oxides elaborated by us are shown. The reader will be able to discover
green chemical considerations and accomplishments throughout the series of organophosphorus
transformations reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- György Keglevich
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, 1521 Budapest, Hungary
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12
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Keglevich G, Rádai Z, Harsági N, Szigetvári Á, Kiss NZ. A study on the acidic hydrolysis of cyclic phosphinates: 1-Alkoxy-3-phospholene 1-oxides, 1-ethoxy-3-methylphospholane 1-oxide, and 1-ethoxy-3-methyl-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydrophosphinine 1-oxide. HETEROATOM CHEMISTRY 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/hc.21394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- György Keglevich
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology; Budapest University of Technology and Economics; Budapest Hungary
| | - Zita Rádai
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology; Budapest University of Technology and Economics; Budapest Hungary
| | - Nikoletta Harsági
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology; Budapest University of Technology and Economics; Budapest Hungary
| | | | - Nóra Zsuzsa Kiss
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology; Budapest University of Technology and Economics; Budapest Hungary
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13
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Ganoub NA, Sabry E, Abdou WM. Overview on the phosphonation of the C=X functional groups utilizing alkyl phosphites. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/00397911.2017.1346811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Neven A. Ganoub
- Chemical Industries Division, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Eman Sabry
- Chemical Industries Division, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Wafaa M. Abdou
- Chemical Industries Division, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
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Patil NS, Deshmukh GB, Patil SV, Bholay AD, Gaikwad ND. Synthesis and biological evaluation of novel N-aryl maleimide derivatives clubbed with α-hydroxyphosphonates. Eur J Med Chem 2014; 83:490-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.06.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2014] [Revised: 06/24/2014] [Accepted: 06/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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15
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Jansa P, Holý A, Dračínský M, Kolman V, Janeba Z, Kostecká P, Kmoníčková E, Zídek Z. 5-Substituted 2-amino-4,6-dihydroxypyrimidines and 2-amino-4,6-dichloropyrimidines: synthesis and inhibitory effects on immune-activated nitric oxide production. Med Chem Res 2014; 23:4482-4490. [PMID: 32214763 PMCID: PMC7080047 DOI: 10.1007/s00044-014-1018-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2013] [Accepted: 04/17/2014] [Indexed: 10/29/2022]
Abstract
A series of 5-substituted 2-amino-4,6-dihydroxypyrimidines were prepared by a modified condensation of the corresponding monosubstituted malonic acid diesters with guanidine in an excess of sodium ethoxide. The optimized procedure using Vilsmeier-Haack-Arnold reagent, followed by immediate deprotection of the (dimethylamino)methylene protecting groups, has been developed to convert the 2-amino-4,6-dihydroxypyrimidine analogs to novel 5-substituted 2-amino-4,6-dichloropyrimidines in high yields. Pilot screening for biological properties of the prepared compounds was done in mouse peritoneal cells using the in vitro nitric oxide (NO) assay. Irrespective of the substituent at the 5 position, 2-amino-4,6-dichloropyrimidines inhibited immune-activated NO production. The most effective was 5-fluoro-2-amino-4,6-dichloropyrimidine with an IC 50 of 2 µM (higher activity than the most potent reference compound) while the IC 50s of other derivatives were within the range of 9-36 µM. The 2-amino-4,6-dihydroxypyrimidine counterparts were devoid of any NO-inhibitory activity. The compounds had no suppressive effects on the viability of cells. The Mechanism of action remains to be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petr Jansa
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Antonín Holý
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Dračínský
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Viktor Kolman
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Zlatko Janeba
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Kostecká
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Vídeňská 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Kmoníčková
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Vídeňská 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Karlovarská 48, 30 166 Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Zdeněk Zídek
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Vídeňská 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic
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An efficient and convenient one-pot multicomponent synthesis of novel pyrimidine derivatives: N-(4-aryl-6-(pyridin-2-yl)pyrimidin-2-yl)cyanamides. RESEARCH ON CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s11164-012-0724-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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