1
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Diao H, Chen Y, Liu F. Iron-Catalyzed Cross-Dehydrogenative Coupling. Molecules 2025; 30:250. [PMID: 39860120 PMCID: PMC11767816 DOI: 10.3390/molecules30020250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2024] [Revised: 12/01/2024] [Accepted: 12/31/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2025] Open
Abstract
This review highlights significant advances in iron-catalyzed cross-dehydrogenative coupling (CDC), a method pivotal for forming carbon-carbon (C-C) bonds directly from C-H bonds. This technique uses iron-a naturally abundant, inexpensive, and environmentally benign transition metal-as a catalyst to facilitate the coupling of two unfunctionalized C-H bonds. This method stands out for avoiding pre-functionalized substrates, reducing both waste and cost in organic synthesis. The discussion includes a variety of CDC methodologies involving combinations of C(sp3)-H with C(sp3)-H, C(sp3)-H with C(sp2)-H, and C(sp3)-H with C(sp)-H bonds. These methods have been successfully applied in synthesizing complex molecules and pharmaceuticals, highlighting the versatility and efficiency of iron catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Diao
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Yujia Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Feng Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
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2
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Bao L, Wang ZX, Chen XY. Photoinduced N-Heterocyclic Nitrenium-Catalyzed Single Electron Reduction of Acyl Fluorides for Phenanthridine Synthesis. Org Lett 2023; 25:565-568. [PMID: 36637257 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c00049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Acyl fluorides are versatile reagents in organic synthesis. However, there is no precedent to employ acyl fluorides as acyl radical precursors. We herein report an N-heterocyclic nitrenium iodide salt-catalyzed photoreduction of acyl fluorides to produce acyl radicals, which could react with 2-isocyanobiaryls to afford various carbonyl phenanthridines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Bao
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhi-Xiang Wang
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049, China.,Binzhou Institute of Technology, Weiqiao-UCAS Science and Technology Park, Binzhou, Shandong Province 256606, China
| | - Xiang-Yu Chen
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049, China.,Binzhou Institute of Technology, Weiqiao-UCAS Science and Technology Park, Binzhou, Shandong Province 256606, China
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3
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Liu X, Yuan S, Liu Y, Ni M, Xu J, Gui S, Peng YY, Ding Q. Mn(III)-Mediated Radical Addition/Cyclization of Isocyanides with Aryl Boronic Acids/Diarylphosphine Oxides: Access to 11-Functionalized Dibenzodiazepines. J Org Chem 2023; 88:198-210. [PMID: 36548987 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c02059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
A Mn(III)-mediated radical addition/cyclization reaction of isocyanides with aryl boronic acids/diarylphosphine oxides has been developed. A series of 11-arylated/-phosphorylated dibenzodiazepines were efficiently constructed in moderate to excellent yields under mild reaction conditions via imidoyl radical process. The present protocol offers novel access to functionalized seven-membered N-heterocycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Liu
- National Engineering Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis, Key Lab of Fluorine and Silicon for Energy Materials and Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory for Green Chemistry of Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, Jiangxi, China
| | - Sitian Yuan
- National Engineering Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis, Key Lab of Fluorine and Silicon for Energy Materials and Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory for Green Chemistry of Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yi Liu
- National Engineering Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis, Key Lab of Fluorine and Silicon for Energy Materials and Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory for Green Chemistry of Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, Jiangxi, China
| | - Mengjia Ni
- National Engineering Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis, Key Lab of Fluorine and Silicon for Energy Materials and Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory for Green Chemistry of Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, Jiangxi, China
| | - Jianbo Xu
- National Engineering Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis, Key Lab of Fluorine and Silicon for Energy Materials and Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory for Green Chemistry of Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, Jiangxi, China
| | - Shuanggen Gui
- National Engineering Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis, Key Lab of Fluorine and Silicon for Energy Materials and Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory for Green Chemistry of Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yi-Yuan Peng
- National Engineering Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis, Key Lab of Fluorine and Silicon for Energy Materials and Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory for Green Chemistry of Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, Jiangxi, China
| | - Qiuping Ding
- National Engineering Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis, Key Lab of Fluorine and Silicon for Energy Materials and Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory for Green Chemistry of Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, Jiangxi, China
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4
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Kshirsagar N, Sonawane R, Pathan S, Kamble G, Pal Singh G. A Review on Synthetic Approaches of Phenanthridine. LETT ORG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.2174/1570178618666210218211424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Abstract:
The phenanthridine family is widely found in medicinal chemistry and material science because
of the biological activity and its presence in a variety of significant natural products and synthetic
dye stuffs. The phenanthridine has many clinical applications, for e.g., being used as an anticancer agent,
possessing antibacterial, antiprotozoal, pharmaceutical, and optoelectronic properties. Many methods
have been reported for the synthesis of phenanthridine and phenanthridine alkaloids, such as Pd catalyzed
C-C bond formation, a reaction involving C-H activation, radical, microwave-assisted, transition
metal-catalyzed, one-pot cascade, benzyne mediated, photochemical, hypervalent iodine promoted methods,
etc. Here, we have summarized the literature data from 2014 to the present concerning novel or
improved synthetic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sultan Pathan
- Department of Chemistry, Bhupal Nobles
University, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Ganesh Kamble
- Department of Chemistry, Osaka University, ISIR 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki,
Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - Girdhar Pal Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Bhupal Nobles
University, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India
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5
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Talukdar V, Vijayan A, Kumar Katari N, Radhakrishnan KV, Das P. Recent Trends in the Synthesis and Mechanistic Implications of Phenanthridines. Adv Synth Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202001236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Vishal Talukdar
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines) Dhanbad 826004 India
| | - Ajesh Vijayan
- Department of Chemistry CHRIST (Deemed to be University) Hosur road Bengaluru 560029 India
| | | | - K. V. Radhakrishnan
- CSIR – National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology Thiruvananthapuram 695019 India
| | - Parthasarathi Das
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines) Dhanbad 826004 India
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6
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Zhou J, Yin C, Zhong T, Zheng X, Yi X, Chen J, Yu C. A direct synthesis method towards spirocyclic indazole derivatives via Rh( iii)-catalyzed C–H activation and spiroannulation. Org Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qo00805f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
A rhodium(iii)-catalyzed [4 + 1] spiroannulation of N-aryl phthalazine-diones (pyridazine-diones) with diazo compounds to construct spirocyclic indazole derivatives with diverse structures is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhou
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. of China
| | - Chuanliu Yin
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. of China
| | - Tianshuo Zhong
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. of China
| | - Xiangyun Zheng
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. of China
| | - Xiao Yi
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. of China
| | - Junyu Chen
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. of China
| | - Chuanming Yu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. of China
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7
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Ding S, Zhao Y, Ma Q, Tian S, Ren H, Zhu M, Li K, Miao Z. Silver(I)-mediated Reaction of 2-Isocyanobiaryl with Alkyl Trifluoroborates: Efficient Synthesis of 6-Alkylated Phenanthridines. CHEM LETT 2018. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.180009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Siyi Ding
- Key Laboratory of Organic Polymer Photoelectric Materials, School of Science, Xijing University, Xi’an Shaanxi 710123, P. R. China
| | - Yuzhen Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Organic Polymer Photoelectric Materials, School of Science, Xijing University, Xi’an Shaanxi 710123, P. R. China
| | - Qiang Ma
- Key Laboratory of Organic Polymer Photoelectric Materials, School of Science, Xijing University, Xi’an Shaanxi 710123, P. R. China
| | - Shaopeng Tian
- Key Laboratory of Organic Polymer Photoelectric Materials, School of Science, Xijing University, Xi’an Shaanxi 710123, P. R. China
| | - Huaping Ren
- Key Laboratory of Organic Polymer Photoelectric Materials, School of Science, Xijing University, Xi’an Shaanxi 710123, P. R. China
| | - Min Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Organic Polymer Photoelectric Materials, School of Science, Xijing University, Xi’an Shaanxi 710123, P. R. China
| | - Kexuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Organic Polymer Photoelectric Materials, School of Science, Xijing University, Xi’an Shaanxi 710123, P. R. China
| | - Zongcheng Miao
- Key Laboratory of Organic Polymer Photoelectric Materials, School of Science, Xijing University, Xi’an Shaanxi 710123, P. R. China
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8
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Wang L, Xiong W, Peng Y, Ding Q. Iron-catalyzed cascade addition/cyclization of 2-biphenyl isocyanides with toluenes: a highly efficient approach to 6-benzylated phenanthridines. Org Biomol Chem 2018; 16:8837-8844. [DOI: 10.1039/c8ob02462f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
A highly efficient Fe-catalyzed cascade addition/cyclization of 2-biphenyl isocyanides with toluenes for the synthesis of 6-benzylated phenanthridines has been reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Wang
- Key Laboratory of Small Functional Organic Molecule
- Ministry of Education and Jiangxi's Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry
- Jiangxi Normal University
- Nanchang
- P.R. China
| | - Weikang Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Small Functional Organic Molecule
- Ministry of Education and Jiangxi's Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry
- Jiangxi Normal University
- Nanchang
- P.R. China
| | - Yiyuan Peng
- Key Laboratory of Small Functional Organic Molecule
- Ministry of Education and Jiangxi's Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry
- Jiangxi Normal University
- Nanchang
- P.R. China
| | - Qiuping Ding
- Key Laboratory of Small Functional Organic Molecule
- Ministry of Education and Jiangxi's Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry
- Jiangxi Normal University
- Nanchang
- P.R. China
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9
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Gao B, Chen K, Bi X, Wang J. Intramolecular functionalization of C(sp 3 ) H bonds adjacent to an amide nitrogen atom: Metal-free synthesis of 2-hydroxy-benzoxazinone derivatives. Tetrahedron 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2017.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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10
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Affiliation(s)
- Eike B. Bauer
- University of Missouri - St. Louis; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; One University Boulevard St. Louis, MO 63121 USA
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11
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Song W, Yan P, Shen D, Chen Z, Zeng X, Zhong G. Synthesis of Cyano-Containing Phenanthridine Derivatives via Catalyst-, Base-, and Oxidant-Free Direct Cyanoalkylarylation of Isocyanides. J Org Chem 2017; 82:4444-4448. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b00343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Weihong Song
- College of Materials,
Chemistry
and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China
| | - Peipei Yan
- College of Materials,
Chemistry
and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China
| | - Dan Shen
- College of Materials,
Chemistry
and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China
| | - Zhangtao Chen
- College of Materials,
Chemistry
and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China
| | - Xiaofei Zeng
- College of Materials,
Chemistry
and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China
| | - Guofu Zhong
- College of Materials,
Chemistry
and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China
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12
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Lu SC, Li HS, Gong YL, Wang XL, Li FR, Li F, Duan GY, Xu S. Use of unprotected amino acids in metal-free tandem radical cyclization reactions: divergent synthesis of 6-alkyl/acyl phenanthridines. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra12318c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
We demonstrated a metal-free protocol for the construction of C–C bonds utilizing unprotected amino acids as radical sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Chao Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Active Substance Discovery and Drugability Evaluation
- Institute of Materia Medica
- Peking Union Medical College
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences
| | - Hong-Shuang Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Taishan Medical University
- Taian 271016
- PR China
| | - Ya-Ling Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Active Substance Discovery and Drugability Evaluation
- Institute of Materia Medica
- Peking Union Medical College
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences
| | - Xiao-Lei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Active Substance Discovery and Drugability Evaluation
- Institute of Materia Medica
- Peking Union Medical College
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences
| | - Fu-Rong Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Taishan Medical University
- Taian 271016
- PR China
| | - Fei Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Taishan Medical University
- Taian 271016
- PR China
| | - Gui-Yun Duan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Taishan Medical University
- Taian 271016
- PR China
| | - Shu Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Active Substance Discovery and Drugability Evaluation
- Institute of Materia Medica
- Peking Union Medical College
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences
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