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Heath RS, Ruscoe RE, Turner NJ. The beauty of biocatalysis: sustainable synthesis of ingredients in cosmetics. Nat Prod Rep 2021; 39:335-388. [PMID: 34879125 DOI: 10.1039/d1np00027f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Covering: 2015 up to July 2021The market for cosmetics is consumer driven and the desire for green, sustainable and natural ingredients is increasing. The use of isolated enzymes and whole-cell organisms to synthesise these products is congruent with these values, especially when combined with the use of renewable, recyclable or waste feedstocks. The literature of biocatalysis for the synthesis of ingredients in cosmetics in the past five years is herein reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel S Heath
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK.
| | - Rebecca E Ruscoe
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK.
| | - Nicholas J Turner
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK.
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2
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Vanegas KG, Larsen AB, Eichenberger M, Fischer D, Mortensen UH, Naesby M. Indirect and direct routes to C-glycosylated flavones in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Microb Cell Fact 2018; 17:107. [PMID: 29986709 PMCID: PMC6036675 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-018-0952-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND C-glycosylated flavones have recently attracted increased attention due to their possible benefits in human health. These biologically active compounds are part of the human diet, and the C-linkage makes them more resistant to hydrolysis and degradation than O-glycosides. In contrast to O-glycosyltransferases, few C-glycosyltransferases (CGTs) have so far been characterized. Two different biosynthetic routes for C-glycosylated flavones have been identified in plants. Depending on the type of C-glycosyltransferase, flavones can be glycosylated either directly or indirectly via C-glycosylation of a 2-hydroxyflavanone intermediate formed by a flavanone 2-hydroxylase (F2H). RESULTS In this study, we reconstructed the pathways in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, to produce some relevant CGT substrates, either the flavanones naringenin and eriodictyol or the flavones apigenin and luteolin. We then demonstrated two-step indirect glycosylation using combinations of F2H and CGT, to convert 2-hydroxyflavanone intermediates into the 6C-glucoside flavones isovitexin and isoorientin, and the 8C-glucoside flavones vitexin and orientin. Furthermore, we established direct glycosylation of flavones using the recently identified GtUF6CGT1 from Gentiana triflora. The ratio between 6C and 8C glycosylation depended on the CGT used. The indirect route resulted in mixtures, similar to what has been reported for in vitro experiments. In this case, hydroxylation at the flavonoid 3'-position shifted the ratio towards the 8C-glucosylated orientin. The direct flavone glycosylation by GtUF6CGT1, on the other hand, resulted exclusively in 6C-glucosides. CONCLUSIONS The current study features yeast as a promising host for production of flavone C-glycosides, and it provides a set of tools and strains for identifying and studying CGTs and their mechanisms of C-glycosylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherina Garcia Vanegas
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads, Building 223, 2800 Kgs, Lyngby, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | | - David Fischer
- Evolva SA, Duggingerstrasse 23, 4153, Reinach, Switzerland
| | - Uffe Hasbro Mortensen
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads, Building 223, 2800 Kgs, Lyngby, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Michael Naesby
- Evolva SA, Duggingerstrasse 23, 4153, Reinach, Switzerland.
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3
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Thuan NH, Chaudhary AK, Van Cuong D, Cuong NX. Engineering co-culture system for production of apigetrin in Escherichia coli. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 45:175-185. [PMID: 29362971 DOI: 10.1007/s10295-018-2012-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 01/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Microbial cells have extensively been utilized to produce value-added bioactive compounds. Based on advancement in protein engineering, DNA recombinant technology, genome engineering, and metabolic remodeling, the microbes can be re-engineered to produce industrially and medicinally important platform chemicals. The emergence of co-culture system which reduces the metabolic burden and allows parallel optimization of the engineered pathway in a modular fashion restricting the formation of undesired byproducts has become an alternative way to synthesize and produce bioactive compounds. In this study, we present genetically engineered E. coli-based co-culture system to the de novo synthesis of apigetrin (APG), an apigenin-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside of apigenin. The culture system consists of an upstream module including 4-coumarate: CoA ligase (4CL), chalcone synthase, chalcone flavanone isomerase (CHS, CHI), and flavone synthase I (FNSI) to synthesize apigenin (API) from p-coumaric acid (PCA). Whereas, the downstream system contains a metabolizing module to enhance the production of UDP-glucose and expression of glycosyltransferase (PaGT3) to convert API into APG. To accomplish this improvement in titer, the initial inoculum ratio of strains for making the co-culture system, temperature, and media component was optimized. Following large-scale production, a yield of 38.5 µM (16.6 mg/L) of APG was achieved. In overall, this study provided an efficient tool to synthesize bioactive compounds in microbial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Huy Thuan
- Center for Molecular Biology, Duy Tan University, 03 Quang Trung Street, Haichau District, Danang, Vietnam.
| | - Amit Kumar Chaudhary
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Duong Van Cuong
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Technology, Thainguyen University of Agriculture and Forestry, Thainguyen, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Xuan Cuong
- Lab of Marine Medicinal Materials, Institute of Marine Biochemistry (IMBC), Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Hanoi, Vietnam
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4
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Gan LS, Zeng LW, Li XR, Zhou CX, Li J. New homoisoflavonoid analogues protect cells by regulating autophagy. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2017; 27:1441-1445. [PMID: 28214077 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2017.01.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Revised: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
As a special group of naturally occurring flavonoids, homoisoflavonoids have been discovered as active components of several traditional Chinese medicines for nourishing heart and mind. In this study, twenty homoisoflavonoid analogues, including different substitution groups on rings A and B, as well as heteroaromatic B ring, were synthesized and evaluated for their cardioprotective and neuroprotective activities. In a H2O2-induced H9c2 cardiomyocytes injury assay, nine homoisoflavonoid analogues showed promising activities in the same level as the positive control, diazoxide. Six cardioprotective compounds with representative structure diversities were then evaluated for their neuroprotective effects on MPP+ induced SH-SY5Y cell injury model. Furthermore, autophagy inducing monodansylcadaverine (MDC) fluorescence staining methods and molecular docking studies indicated the action mechanism of these compounds may involve autophagy regulating via class I PI3K signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-She Gan
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Lin-Wei Zeng
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xiang-Rong Li
- School of Medicine, Zhejiang University City College, 48 Huzhou Road, Hangzhou 310015, China
| | - Chang-Xin Zhou
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jie Li
- School of Medicine, Zhejiang University City College, 48 Huzhou Road, Hangzhou 310015, China.
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5
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Wang S, Han C, Wang S, Bai L, Li S, Luo J, Kong L. Development of a high speed counter-current chromatography system with Cu(II)-chiral ionic liquid complexes and hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin as dual chiral selectors for enantioseparation of naringenin. J Chromatogr A 2016; 1471:155-163. [PMID: 27765421 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2016.10.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Revised: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Cu(II) complexed amino acid ionic liquid, Cu(II)-[1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium][L-Pro] (Cu(II)-[BMIm][L-Pro]), was successfully adopted as chiral ligand to improve the enantioseparation efficiency in high speed counter-current chromatography (HSCCC). For the enantioseparation of intractable naringenin (NRG) racemic mixtures, Cu(II)-[BMIm][L-Pro] coupled with hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD) was successfully applied as dual chiral selectors in HSCCC. The influence of important parameters, including the concentration of the chiral selectors, the pH value, and the temperature were investigated. Under optimal conditions, 4.5mg of (+)-NRG and 4.1mg of (-)-NRG were successfully separated from 10mg NRG racemic mixtures with the purity of 98%. The chiral recognition mechanism of dual chiral selectors was illuminated by the UV-vis and NMR spectra, suggesting that the enantioseparation was upon the difference of the thermodynamic stability of the quaternary complexes of Cu(II), [BMIm][L-Pro], HP-β-CD, and NRG. The results illustrated that the developed HSCCC system, based on the synergistic mechanism of Cu(II)-[BMIm][L-Pro] and HP-β-CD, exhibited better performance on enantioseparation and had great application potential in preparative chiral separation of natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Chao Han
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Sisi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Lijuan Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Shanshan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Jianguang Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, PR China.
| | - Lingyi Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, PR China.
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6
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Hao B, Caulfield JC, Hamilton ML, Pickett JA, Midega CAO, Khan ZR, Wang J, Hooper AM. Biosynthesis of natural and novel C-glycosylflavones utilising recombinant Oryza sativa C-glycosyltransferase (OsCGT) and Desmodium incanum root proteins. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2016; 125:73-87. [PMID: 26923852 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2016.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Revised: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 02/19/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The rice C-glycosyltransferase (OsCGT) is one of only a small number of characterised plant C-glycosyltransferases (CGT) known. The enzyme C-glucosylates a 2-hydroxyflavanone substrate with UDP-glucose as the sugar donor to produce C-glucosyl-2-hydroxyflavanones. We tested substrate specificity of the enzyme, using synthetic 2-hydroxyflavanones, and showed it has the potential to generate known natural CGFs that have been isolated from rice and also other plants. In addition, we synthesised novel, unnatural 2-hydroxyflavanone substrates to test the B-ring chemical space of substrate accepted by the OsCGT and demonstrated the OsCGT capacity as a synthetic reagent to generate significant quantities of known and novel CGFs. Many B-ring analogues are tolerated within a confined steric limit. Finally the OsCGT was used to generate novel mono-C-glucosyl-2-hydroxyflavanones as putative biosynthetic intermediates to examine the potential of Desmodium incanum biosynthetic CGTs to produce novel di-C-glycosylflavones, compounds implicated in the allelopathic biological activity of Desmodium against parasitic weeds from the Striga genus.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Hao
- College of Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Department of Biological Chemistry and Crop Protection, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire AL5 2JQ, UK.
| | - J C Caulfield
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Crop Protection, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire AL5 2JQ, UK.
| | - M L Hamilton
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Crop Protection, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire AL5 2JQ, UK.
| | - J A Pickett
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Crop Protection, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire AL5 2JQ, UK.
| | - C A O Midega
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology, P.O. Box 30772, Nairobi, Kenya.
| | - Z R Khan
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology, P.O. Box 30772, Nairobi, Kenya.
| | - J Wang
- College of Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
| | - A M Hooper
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Crop Protection, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire AL5 2JQ, UK.
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7
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Hao B, Caulfield JC, Hamilton ML, Pickett JA, Midega CAO, Khan ZR, Wang JR, Hooper AM. The biosynthesis of allelopathic di-C-glycosylflavones from the roots of Desmodium incanum (G. Mey.) DC. Org Biomol Chem 2015; 13:11663-73. [PMID: 26478440 DOI: 10.1039/c5ob01926e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The allelopathic root exudate of the drought-tolerant subsistence cereal intercrop D. incanum, protecting against the parasitic weed Striga hermonthica, comprises a number of di-C-glycosylflavones specifically containing C-glucosyl, C-galactosyl and C-arabinosyl moieties. Here we demonstrate that the biosynthesis of all compounds containing a C-glucose involves C-glucosylation of 2-hydroxynaringenin with subsequent C-galactosylation, C-glucosylation or C-arabinosylation. In addition, the crude soluble enzyme extract converts two fluorinated 2-hydroxyflavanone analogues to corresponding mono- and di-C-glycosylflavones demonstrating that some differences in C-ring substitution can be tolerated by the plant enzymes. Elucidating the biosynthesis of these C-glycosylflavones (CGFs) has the potential to open up opportunities for transferring the enzymic and genetic basis for the S. hermonthica inhibiting allelopathic trait to food crop plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Hao
- College of Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
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8
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Wang Q, Yang J, Zhang XM, Zhou L, Liao XL, Yang B. Practical Synthesis of Naringenin. JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL RESEARCH 2015. [DOI: 10.3184/174751915x14379994045537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Two routes for the synthesis of the flavanone naringenin are described. In the first, 3,5-dimethoxyphenol is converted to 2-hydroxy-4,6-dimethoxyacetophenone and then by condensation with anisaldehyde to 2′-hydroxy-4,4′,6′-trimethoxychalcone. The chalcone is then cyclised with aqueous hydrochloric acid and demethylated with pyridine hydrochloride to form naringenin in 45% overall yield. The condensation of 2-hydroxy-4,6-dimethoxyacetophenone with anisaldehyde could also directly produce 4′,5,7-trimethoxyflavanone, which was then converted into naringenin in 60% overall yield. In the second route, a single step for the preparation of the chalcone is used in which 1,3,5-trimethoxybenzene is acylated with p-methoxycinnamic acid. Although the synthesis of naringenin is achieved in a lower overall yield of 29%, the process is simpler.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, 727 South Jingming Road, Chenggong District, Kunming, Yunnan Province 650500, P.R. China
| | - Jian Yang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, 727 South Jingming Road, Chenggong District, Kunming, Yunnan Province 650500, P.R. China
| | - Xiang-ming Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, 94 WeiJin Road, Nankai District, Tianjing 300071, P.R. China
- Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, 220 Dongting Road, Tianjin economic and technological development zone, Tianjin 300457, P.R. China
| | - Lei Zhou
- College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, 94 WeiJin Road, Nankai District, Tianjing 300071, P.R. China
- Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, 220 Dongting Road, Tianjin economic and technological development zone, Tianjin 300457, P.R. China
| | - Xia-li Liao
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, 727 South Jingming Road, Chenggong District, Kunming, Yunnan Province 650500, P.R. China
| | - Bo Yang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, 727 South Jingming Road, Chenggong District, Kunming, Yunnan Province 650500, P.R. China
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9
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Hirade Y, Kotoku N, Terasaka K, Saijo-Hamano Y, Fukumoto A, Mizukami H. Identification and functional analysis of 2-hydroxyflavanone C-glucosyltransferase in soybean (Glycine max). FEBS Lett 2015; 589:1778-86. [PMID: 25979175 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2015.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2015] [Revised: 04/28/2015] [Accepted: 05/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
C-Glucosyltransferase is an enzyme that mediates carbon-carbon bond formation to generate C-glucoside metabolites. Although it has been identified in several plant species, the catalytic amino acid residues required for C-glucosylation activity remain obscure. Here, we identified a 2-hydroxyflavanone C-glucosyltransferase (UGT708D1) in soybean. We found that three residues, His20, Asp85, and Arg292, of UGT708D1 were located at the predicted active site and evolutionarily conserved. The substitution of Asp85 or Arg292 with alanine destroyed C-glucosyltransferase activity, whereas the substitution of His20 with alanine abolished C-glucosyltransferase activity but enabled O-glucosyltransferase activity. The catalytic mechanism is discussed on the basis of the findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiro Hirade
- Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, 1-3 Yamada-oka, Suita City, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Naoyuki Kotoku
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamada-oka, Suita City, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Terasaka
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe-dori, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya City, Aichi 467-8603, Japan
| | - Yumiko Saijo-Hamano
- Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, 1-3 Yamada-oka, Suita City, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Akemi Fukumoto
- Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, 1-3 Yamada-oka, Suita City, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hajime Mizukami
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe-dori, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya City, Aichi 467-8603, Japan; The Kochi Prefectural Makino Botanical Garden, 4200-6 Godaisan, Kochi City, Kochi 781-8125, Japan
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10
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Cui W, Zhang J, Wang Q, Gao K, Zhang W, Yang J. A novel Synthesis of Naringenin and Related Flavanones. JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL RESEARCH 2014. [DOI: 10.3184/174751914x14145820775908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Efficient methods are reported for the preparation of naringenin (4′,5,7-trihydroxyflavanone) which could be easily scaled-up. They have been applied to three other flavanones (6-hydroxyflavanone, 6,4′-dihydroxyflavanone, 6,3′,4′-trihydroxyflavanone) suitably.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Cui
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology (ChengGong Campus), Kunming 650500, Yunnan Province, P.R. China
| | - Ji Zhang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology (ChengGong Campus), Kunming 650500, Yunnan Province, P.R. China
| | - Qian Wang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology (ChengGong Campus), Kunming 650500, Yunnan Province, P.R. China
| | - Kai Gao
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology (ChengGong Campus), Kunming 650500, Yunnan Province, P.R. China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology (ChengGong Campus), Kunming 650500, Yunnan Province, P.R. China
| | - Jian Yang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology (ChengGong Campus), Kunming 650500, Yunnan Province, P.R. China
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Gaggeri R, Rossi D, Daglia M, Leoni F, Avanzini MA, Mantelli M, Juza M, Collina S. An eco-friendly enantioselective access to (R)-naringenin as inhibitor of proinflammatory cytokine release. Chem Biodivers 2014; 10:1531-8. [PMID: 23939801 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201200227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2012] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
(RS)-Naringenin is a flavanone well-known for its beneficial health-related properties, such as its anti-inflammatory activity. The preparative enantioselective chromatographic resolution of commercial (RS)-naringenin was performed on a Chiralpak AD-H column (500×50 mm i.d., dp 20 μm) using MeOH as eluent. The developed method is in accordance with the principles of green chemistry, since the environmental impact was lowered by recycling of the eluent, and allowed the production of gram amounts of each enantiomer with high purity (chemical purity >99%, enantiomeric excess (ee) >94%). Racemic and enantiomeric naringenin were subjected to an exhaustive in vitro investigation of anti-inflammatory activity, aimed at evaluating the relevance of chirality. The assay with cultured human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (hPBMC) activated by phytohemagglutinin A revealed that (R)-naringenin was more effective in inhibiting T-cell proliferation than the (S)-enantiomer and the racemate. Moreover, (R)-naringenin significantly reduced proinflammatory cytokine levels such as those of TNF-α and, with less potency, IL-6. These results evidenced the anti-inflammatory potential of naringenin and the higher capacity of (R)-naringenin to inhibit both in vitro hPBMC proliferation and cytokine secretion at non toxic doses. Thus, (R)-naringenin is a promising candidate for in vivo investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaella Gaggeri
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, I-27100 Pavia, Italy
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12
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Pickett JA, Aradottír GI, Birkett MA, Bruce TJA, Hooper AM, Midega CAO, Jones HD, Matthes MC, Napier JA, Pittchar JO, Smart LE, Woodcock CM, Khan ZR. Delivering sustainable crop protection systems via the seed: exploiting natural constitutive and inducible defence pathways. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2014; 369:20120281. [PMID: 24535389 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2012.0281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
To reduce the need for seasonal inputs, crop protection will have to be delivered via the seed and other planting material. Plant secondary metabolism can be harnessed for this purpose by new breeding technologies, genetic modification and companion cropping, the latter already on-farm in sub-Saharan Africa. Secondary metabolites offer the prospect of pest management as robust as that provided by current pesticides, for which many lead compounds were, or are currently deployed as, natural products. Evidence of success and promise is given for pest management in industrial and developing agriculture. Additionally, opportunities for solving wider problems of sustainable crop protection, and also production, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- John A Pickett
- Rothamsted Research, , Harpenden, Hertfordshire AL5 2JQ, UK
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13
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Synthesis and antiproliferative activity of benzofuran-based analogs of cercosporamide against non-small cell lung cancer cell lines. Eur J Med Chem 2013; 69:823-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2013.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2013] [Revised: 09/03/2013] [Accepted: 09/05/2013] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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14
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Hamilton ML, Kuate SP, Brazier-Hicks M, Caulfield JC, Rose R, Edwards R, Torto B, Pickett JA, Hooper AM. Elucidation of the biosynthesis of the di-C-glycosylflavone isoschaftoside, an allelopathic component from Desmodium spp. that inhibits Striga spp. development. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2012; 84:169-76. [PMID: 22959223 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2012.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2012] [Revised: 08/06/2012] [Accepted: 08/11/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Isoschaftoside, an allelopathic di-C-glycosylflavone from Desmodium spp. root exudates, is biosynthesised through sequential glucosylation and arabinosylation of 2-hydroxynaringenin with UDP-glucose and UDP-arabinose. Complete conversion to the flavone requires chemical dehydration implying a dehydratase enzyme has a role in vivo to complete the biosynthesis. The C-glucosyltransferase has been partially characterised and its activity demonstrated in highly purified fractions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary L Hamilton
- Biological Chemistry and Crop Protection, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Herts AL5 2JQ, UK
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Apigenin di-C-glycosides (ACG) content and composition in grains of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum) and related species. J Cereal Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcs.2012.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Ma X, Zheng C, Hu C, Rahman K, Qin L. The genus Desmodium (Fabaceae)-traditional uses in Chinese medicine, phytochemistry and pharmacology. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2011; 138:314-32. [PMID: 22004895 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2011.09.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2011] [Revised: 09/29/2011] [Accepted: 09/29/2011] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Plants of the genus Desmodium (Fabaceae), such as Desmodium styracifolium (Osbeck) Merr. and Desmodium gyrans (L. f.) DC., have a long history of medical use in Traditional Chinese Medicine to treat various ailments including rheumatism, pyrexia, dysentery, wounds, cough, malaria, hepatitis, hemoptysis, etc. In the theory of Traditional Chinese Medicine, most species have the effect of relieving internal heat or fever, neutralizing toxins, inhibiting pain, invigorating blood circulation, suppressing cough and alleviating dyspnea. MATERIALS AND METHODS A bibliographic investigation was accomplished by analyzing secondary sources including Chinese Herbal Classics, and worldwide accepted scientific databases (Pubmed, Scopus and Web of Science, SciFinder) were scrutinized for the available information on the ethnopharmacological uses in Chinese medicine, phytochemistry, pharmacology and toxicology of Desmodium species. RESULTS The genus Desmodium is a large member of the Papilionaceae (Fabaceae) family. It contains about 350 plant species used for both feeding stuffs and herbal medicines, of which only about 30 species have been phytochemically or pharmacologically investigated. Desmodium plant extracts, as well as the active principles, have been experimentally studied for their anti-inflammatory, cytotoxic, antidiabetic, antinephrolithic, antibacterial, and nootropic activities in vitro or in vivo. And so far, a total of 212 compounds have been isolated from 15 Desmodium species and characterized mainly as flavonoids and alkaloids, followed by terpenoids, steroids, phenols, phenylpropanoids, glycosides and a number of volatile oils. The remaining unrevealed species are recorded chiefly in Asia and Africa being used in empirical treatment for various diseases. CONCLUSIONS Desmodium species have long been used in TCM to treat various ailments. Available scientific references revealed that the traditional medical uses of some important Desmodium species in TCM have been evaluated by modern pharmacological studies. As literature demonstrated, flavonoids and alkaloids are perhaps responsible for most of the activities shown by the plants of this genus. Further studies are still required to reveal the structure-activity relationship of these active constituents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueqin Ma
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai 200433, China
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Khan ZR, Midega CAO, Bruce TJA, Hooper AM, Pickett JA. Exploiting phytochemicals for developing a 'push-pull' crop protection strategy for cereal farmers in Africa. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2010; 61:4185-96. [PMID: 20670998 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erq229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Lepidopteran stemborers and parasitic weeds in the genus Striga are major constraints to efficient production of cereals, the most important staple food crops in Africa. Smallholder farmers are resource constrained and unable to afford expensive chemicals for crop protection. Development of a push-pull approach for integrated pest and weed management is reviewed here. Appropriate plants were discovered that naturally emit signalling chemicals (semiochemicals). Plants highly attractive for egg laying by stemborer pests were selected and employed as trap crops (pull), to draw pests away from the main crop. Of these, Napier grass, Pennisetum purpureum (Schumach), despite its attractiveness, supported minimal survival of the pests' immature stages. Plants that repelled stemborer pests, notably molasses grass, Melinis minutiflora P. Beauv., and forage legumes in the genus Desmodium, were selected as intercrops (push). Desmodium intercrops suppress Striga hermonthica (Del.) Benth. through an allelopathic mechanism. Their root exudates contain novel flavonoid compounds, which stimulate suicidal germination of S. hermonthica seeds and dramatically inhibit its attachment to host roots. The companion crops provide valuable forage for farm animals while the leguminous intercrops also improve soil fertility and moisture retention. The system is appropriate as it is based on locally available plants, not expensive external inputs, and fits well with traditional mixed cropping systems in Africa. To date it has been adopted by more than 30,000 smallholder farmers in East Africa where maize yields have increased from ∼1 t ha(-1) to 3.5 t ha(-1). Future directions for semiochemical delivery by plants including biotechnological opportunities are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeyaur R Khan
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology, PO Box 30772, Nairobi, Kenya
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Pickett JA, Hamilton ML, Hooper AM, Khan ZR, Midega CAO. Companion cropping to manage parasitic plants. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2010; 48:161-177. [PMID: 20429664 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-phyto-073009-114433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Parasitic plants, through a range of infestation strategies, can attack crop plants and thereby require management. Because such problems often occur in resource-poor farming systems, companion cropping to manage parasitic plants is an appropriate approach. Many examples of companion cropping for this purpose have been reported, but the use of cattle forage legumes in the genus Desmodium as intercrops has been shown to be particularly successful in controlling the parasitic witchweeds (Striga spp.) that afflict approximately one quarter of sub-Saharan African cereal production. Through the use of this example, the development of effective companion crops is described, together with developments toward widespread adoption and understanding the underlying mechanisms, both for sustainability and ensuring food security, and also for exploitation beyond the cropping systems described here.
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Affiliation(s)
- John A Pickett
- Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, AL5 2JQ, United Kingdom.
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