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The Valence and Spin State Tuning of Iron(II/III) Porphyrazines with Bulky Pyrrolyl Periphery in Solution and Solid State. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27227820. [PMID: 36431922 PMCID: PMC9695394 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27227820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Iron(III) porphyrazines containing peripheral 2,5-dimethyl-, 2-methyl-5-phenyl-, and 2,3,5-triphenyl-1H-pyrrol-1-yl substituents were synthesized and subjected to physicochemical characterization. This was accomplished by high-resolution mass spectrometry, nuclear magnetic resonance (as diamagnetic Fe(II) derivatives), HPLC purity analysis, and UV-Vis spectroscopy, accompanied by the solvation study in dichloromethane and pyridine. X-ray structure analysis was performed for a single crystal of the previously obtained 2,5-diphenyl-substituted derivative of porphyrazine complex (5d). The octahedral geometries of iron cation, present in the porphyrazine core, influenced the packing mode of molecules in the crystals. Mössbauer studies, performed for solid samples of iron porphyrazines, indicated that low-spin reduced iron states might occupy low- or high-symmetry binding sites. It was found that the hyperfine parameters and the subsequent contribution of the iron cations depend on the number of phenyl groups surrounding the pyrrolyl moiety. For iron(II) porphyrazine 2,3,5-triphenylpyrrol-1-yl substituents (5b), a high-spin ferrous state fraction was observed. Temperature-dependent measurements showed that the freed rotation of the peripheral porphyrazine ligands and the increased flexibility of the macrocycle ring result in the Fe2+ ion being stabilized in a diamagnetic state at a binding site of high symmetry at room temperature in the solid state. This process is most probably stimulated by the range of collective motions of the polymeric ribbons consisting of iron(II) porphyrazines observed in the X-ray.
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Pereira GF, Tasso TT. From cuvette to cells: How the central metal ion modulates the properties of phthalocyanines and porphyrazines as photosensitizers. Inorganica Chim Acta 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2021.120271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Tasso TT, Schlothauer JC, Junqueira HC, Matias TA, Araki K, Liandra-Salvador É, Antonio FCT, Homem-de-Mello P, Baptista MS. Photobleaching Efficiency Parallels the Enhancement of Membrane Damage for Porphyrazine Photosensitizers. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:15547-15556. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b05991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thiago T. Tasso
- Department of Biochemistry, Chemistry Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Jan C. Schlothauer
- Department of Biochemistry, Chemistry Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Helena C. Junqueira
- Department of Biochemistry, Chemistry Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Tiago A. Matias
- Department of Fundamental Chemistry, Chemistry Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Koiti Araki
- Department of Fundamental Chemistry, Chemistry Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Érica Liandra-Salvador
- Center of Natural Sciences and Humanities, Federal University of ABC, Santo André 09210-580, Brazil
| | - Felipe C. T. Antonio
- Center of Natural Sciences and Humanities, Federal University of ABC, Santo André 09210-580, Brazil
| | - Paula Homem-de-Mello
- Center of Natural Sciences and Humanities, Federal University of ABC, Santo André 09210-580, Brazil
| | - Mauricio S. Baptista
- Department of Biochemistry, Chemistry Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
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Wieczorek E, Piskorz J, Popenda L, Jurga S, Mielcarek J, Goslinski T. Magnesium porphyrazine with peripheral methyl (3,5-dibromophenylmethyl)amino groups – synthesis and optical properties. HETEROCYCL COMMUN 2019. [DOI: 10.1515/hc-2019-0001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractNovel magnesium(II) porphyrazine with peripheral methyl(3,5-dibromophenylmethyl)amine groups was synthesized in a multi-step procedure starting from commercially available diaminomaleonitrile. All intermediates and the final macrocycle were characterized using UV–Vis, FT-IR, MS and various NMR techniques. The absorption and emission properties of the macrocycle were evaluated in N,N-dimethylformamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, and dichloromethane. The potential photosensitizing activity was evaluated by assessing the ability of the macrocycle to generate singlet oxygen in dimethyl sulfoxide and N,N-dimethylformamide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewelina Wieczorek
- Department of Chemical Technology of Drugs, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Grunwaldzka 6, 60-780Poznan, Poland
| | - Jaroslaw Piskorz
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Grunwaldzka 6, 60-780Poznan, Poland
| | - Lukasz Popenda
- NanoBioMedical Centre, Adam Mickiewicz University, Umultowska 85, 61-614Poznan, Poland
| | - Stefan Jurga
- NanoBioMedical Centre, Adam Mickiewicz University, Umultowska 85, 61-614Poznan, Poland
| | - Jadwiga Mielcarek
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Grunwaldzka 6, 60-780Poznan, Poland
| | - Tomasz Goslinski
- Department of Chemical Technology of Drugs, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Grunwaldzka 6, 60-780Poznan, Poland
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Szczolko W, Koczorowski T, Wicher B, Sobotta L, Gdaniec M, Teubert A, Mielcarek J, Korecki J, Burda K, Tykarska E, Goslinski T. X-ray and NMR structural studies of the series of porphyrazines with peripheral pyrrolyl groups. Inorganica Chim Acta 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2018.09.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Optical properties of a series of pyrrolyl-substituted porphyrazines and their photoinactivation potential against Enterococcus faecalis after incorporation into liposomes. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2018.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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7
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Chełminiak-Dudkiewicz D, Ziegler-Borowska M, Stolarska M, Sobotta L, Falkowski M, Mielcarek J, Goslinski T, Kowalonek J, Węgrzynowska-Drzymalska K, Kaczmarek H. The chitosan - Porphyrazine hybrid materials and their photochemical properties. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2018; 181:1-13. [PMID: 29482031 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2018.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2017] [Revised: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 02/18/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Three magnesium sulfanyl porphyrazines differing in the size of peripheral substituents (3,5-dimethoxybenzylsulfanyl, (3,5-dimethoxybenzyloxy)benzylsulfanyl, 3,5-bis[(3,5-bis[(3,5-dimethoxybenzyloxy)benzyloxy]benzylsulfanyl) were exposed to visible and ultraviolet radiation (UV A + B + C) in order to determine their photochemical properties. The course of photochemical reactions in dimethylformamide solutions and the ability of the systems to generate singlet oxygen were studied by UV-Vis spectroscopy, which additionally gave information on aggregation processes. The porphyrazines were found to be stable upon visible light irradiation conditions, but when exposed to high energy UV radiation, the efficient photodegradation of these macrocycles was observed. Therefore, these three magnesium sulfanyl porphyrazines were incorporated into chitosan matrix. The obtained thin films of chitosan doped with porphyrazines were subjected to polychromatic UV-radiation and studied by spectroscopic methods (UV-Vis, FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Application of chitosan as a polymer matrix for porphyrazines was found to be successful method that effectively stopped the unwelcome degradation of macrocycles, thus worth considering for their photoprotection. In addition, the surface properties of the hybrid material were determined by contact angle measurements and calculation of surface free energy. Intermolecular interactions between these novel porphyrazines and chitosan were detected. The mechanism of photochemical reactions occurring in studied systems has been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marta Ziegler-Borowska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Gagarina 7, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
| | - Magdalena Stolarska
- Department of Chemical Technology of Drugs, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Grunwaldzka 6, 60-780 Poznan, Poland
| | - Lukasz Sobotta
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Grunwaldzka 6, 60-780 Poznan, Poland
| | - Michal Falkowski
- Department of Chemical Technology of Drugs, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Grunwaldzka 6, 60-780 Poznan, Poland
| | - Jadwiga Mielcarek
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Grunwaldzka 6, 60-780 Poznan, Poland
| | - Tomasz Goslinski
- Department of Chemical Technology of Drugs, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Grunwaldzka 6, 60-780 Poznan, Poland
| | - Jolanta Kowalonek
- Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Gagarina 7, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
| | | | - Halina Kaczmarek
- Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Gagarina 7, 87-100 Toruń, Poland.
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Tillo A, Mlynarczyk DT, Popenda L, Wicher B, Kryjewski M, Szczolko W, Jurga S, Mielcarek J, Gdaniec M, Goslinski T, Tykarska E. Synthesis and singlet oxygen generation of pyrazinoporphyrazines containing dendrimeric aryl substituents. NEW J CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6nj03886g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Singlet oxygen generation yields and aggregation tendencies were studied for porphyrazines bearing dendrimeric substituents.
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Yıldız B, Baygu Y, Kara İ, Dal H, Gök Y. The synthesis, characterization and computional investigation of new metalloporphyrazine containing 15-membered S4 donor macrocyclic moieties. Tetrahedron 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2016.09.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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10
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Novel magnesium and zinc porphyrazines containing galactose moieties: Synthesis via click reaction and characterization. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2016.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Photochemical studies and nanomolar photodynamic activities of phthalocyanines functionalized with 1,4,7-trioxanonyl moieties at their non-peripheral positions. J Inorg Biochem 2016; 155:76-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2015.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Revised: 09/18/2015] [Accepted: 11/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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12
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Szczolko W, Wzgarda A, Koczorowski T, Wicher B, Sobotta L, Gdaniec Z, Gdaniec M, Mielcarek J, Tykarska E, Goslinski T. The Suzuki cross-coupling reaction for the synthesis of porphyrazine possessing bulky 2,5-(biphenyl-4-yl)pyrrol-1-yl substituents in the periphery. Polyhedron 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2015.09.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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13
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Kryjewski M, Tykarska E, Rebis T, Dlugaszewska J, Ratajczak M, Teubert A, Gapiński J, Patkowski A, Piskorz J, Milczarek G, Gdaniec M, Goslinski T, Mielcarek J. Porphyrazine with bulky 2-(1-adamantyl)-5-phenylpyrrol-1-yl periphery tuning its spectral and electrochemical properties. Polyhedron 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2015.05.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Kucinska M, Skupin-Mrugalska P, Szczolko W, Sobotta L, Sciepura M, Tykarska E, Wierzchowski M, Teubert A, Fedoruk-Wyszomirska A, Wyszko E, Gdaniec M, Kaczmarek M, Goslinski T, Mielcarek J, Murias M. Phthalocyanine derivatives possessing 2-(morpholin-4-yl)ethoxy groups as potential agents for photodynamic therapy. J Med Chem 2015; 58:2240-55. [PMID: 25700089 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b00052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Three 2-(morpholin-4-yl)ethoxy substituted phthalocyanines were synthesized and characterized. Phthalocyanine derivatives revealed moderate to high quantum yields of singlet oxygen production depending on the solvent applied (e.g., in DMF ranging from 0.25 to 0.53). Their photosensitizing potential for photodynamic therapy was investigated in an in vitro model using cancer cell lines. Biological test results were found particularly encouraging for the zinc(II) phthalocyanine derivative possessing two 2-(morpholin-4-yl)ethoxy substituents in nonperipheral positions. Cells irradiated for 20 min at 2 mW/cm(2) revealed the lowest IC50 value at 0.25 μM for prostate cell line (PC3), whereas 1.47 μM was observed for human malignant melanoma (A375) cells. The cytotoxic activity in nonirradiated cells of novel phthalocyanine was found to be very low. Moreover, the cellular uptake, localization, cell cycle, apoptosis through an ELISA assay, and immunochemistry method were investigated in LNCaP cells. Our results showed that the tested photosensitizer possesses very interesting biological activity, depending on experimental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malgorzata Kucinska
- Department of Toxicology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences , Dojazd 30, 60-631 Poznan, Poland
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15
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Synthesis and characterization of cobalt(II), nickel(II) and copper(II)-based potential photosensitizers: Evaluation of their DNA binding profile, cleavage and photocytotoxicity. Inorganica Chim Acta 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2014.12.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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16
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Piskorz J, Konopka K, Düzgüneş N, Gdaniec Z, Mielcarek J, Goslinski T. Diazepinoporphyrazines containing peripheral styryl substituents and their promising nanomolar photodynamic activity against oral cancer cells in liposomal formulations. ChemMedChem 2014; 9:1775-82. [PMID: 24860984 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201402085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The photochemical properties and photodynamic activity of three porphyrazines (Pzs) containing annulated diazepine rings, including novel demetalated porphyrazine-possessing bis(styryl)diazepine moieties were investigated. The porphyrazines were evaluated in terms of their electronic absorption and emission properties, their tendency to undergo aggregation and photodegradation, as well as their singlet oxygen generation efficiency. The in vitro photodynamic activity of the porphyrazines and their liposomal formulations were examined by using two oral squamous cell carcinoma cell lines. Magnesium(II) tribenzodiazepinoporphyrazine (1) revealed the highest phototoxic effect in both cell lines used, H413 and HSC-3. Encapsulation of Pz 1 into L-α-phosphatidyl-D,L-glycerol:1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine liposomes resulted in a nearly threefold increase in photocytotoxicity relative to that of the solution of Pz 1 (IC50 values of 45 and 129 nM, respectively).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaroslaw Piskorz
- Department of Inorganic & Analytical Chemistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Grunwaldzka 6, 60-780 Poznan (Poland).
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Khaghaninejad S, Heravi MM. Paal–Knorr Reaction in the Synthesis of Heterocyclic Compounds. ADVANCES IN HETEROCYCLIC CHEMISTRY 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-420160-6.00003-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Functional singlet oxygen generators based on porphyrazines with peripheral 2,5-dimethylpyrrol-1-yl and dimethylamino groups. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2013.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Wierzchowski M, Sobotta L, Skupin-Mrugalska P, Kruk J, Jusiak W, Yee M, Konopka K, Düzgüneş N, Tykarska E, Gdaniec M, Mielcarek J, Goslinski T. Phthalocyanines functionalized with 2-methyl-5-nitro-1H-imidazolylethoxy and 1,4,7-trioxanonyl moieties and the effect of metronidazole substitution on photocytotoxicity. J Inorg Biochem 2013; 127:62-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2013.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2013] [Revised: 06/21/2013] [Accepted: 06/21/2013] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
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20
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Kryjewski M, Nowak M, Kasprzycki P, Fita P, Radzewicz C, Goslinski T, Mielcarek J. Synthesis and photochemical properties of unsymmetrical phthalocyanine bearing two 1-adamantylsulfanyl groups at adjacent peripheral positions. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2012.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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