1
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Template Synthesis (Self-Assembly) of Macrocycles: Theory and Practice. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27154829. [PMID: 35956780 PMCID: PMC9369941 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27154829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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2
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Rotärmel T, Becker J, Schindler S. Syntheses and investigation of metal complexes with macrocyclic polythioether ligands. Faraday Discuss 2022; 234:70-85. [PMID: 35171171 DOI: 10.1039/d1fd00062d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Copper(I) complexes with the macrocyclic thioether ligands 1,4,8,11-tetrathiacyclotetradecane (tetrathiacyclam, 14-S4) and 1,8-dithia-4,11-diazacyclotetradecane (dithiacyclam, 14-N2S2) were synthesised and structurally characterised. While the copper(I) complexes showed no reactivity towards dioxygen, the formation of "dioxygen adduct complexes" could be spectroscopically detected with ozone using low temperature stopped-flow techniques. Furthermore, it was possible to synthesise and characterise iron(II) and cobalt(II) complexes with the tetrathiacyclam ligand. No "dioxygen adduct" intermediates were observed when these complexes were reacted with dioxygen or ozone. Depending on the reaction conditions, the coordination of the metal ions could be controlled (endo- vs. exo-coordination and cis- vs. trans-coordination) and in addition to mononuclear complexes, also coordination polymers were obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Rotärmel
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, 35392 Gießen, Germany.
| | - Jonathan Becker
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, 35392 Gießen, Germany.
| | - Siegfried Schindler
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, 35392 Gießen, Germany.
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3
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Gerschel P, Cordes AL, Bimmermann S, Siegmund D, Metzler‐Nolte N, Apfel U. Investigation of Cyclam Based Re‐Complexes as Potential Electrocatalysts for the CO
2
Reduction Reaction. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.202000450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Gerschel
- Inorganic Chemistry I Ruhr-Universität Bochum Universitätsstraße 150 44801 Bochum Germany
| | - Anna L. Cordes
- Inorganic Chemistry I Ruhr-Universität Bochum Universitätsstraße 150 44801 Bochum Germany
| | - Sarah Bimmermann
- Inorganic Chemistry I Ruhr-Universität Bochum Universitätsstraße 150 44801 Bochum Germany
| | - Daniel Siegmund
- Department of Electrosynthesis Fraunhofer UMSICHT Osterfelder Straße 3 46047 Oberhausen Germany
| | - Nils Metzler‐Nolte
- Inorganic Chemistry I Ruhr-Universität Bochum Universitätsstraße 150 44801 Bochum Germany
| | - Ulf‐Peter Apfel
- Inorganic Chemistry I Ruhr-Universität Bochum Universitätsstraße 150 44801 Bochum Germany
- Department of Electrosynthesis Fraunhofer UMSICHT Osterfelder Straße 3 46047 Oberhausen Germany
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4
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Shuvaev S, Suturina EA, Rotile NJ, Astashkin A, Ziegler CJ, Ross AW, Walker TL, Caravan P, Taschner IS. Revisiting dithiadiaza macrocyclic chelators for copper-64 PET imaging. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:14088-14098. [PMID: 32970072 PMCID: PMC7967274 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt02787a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Synthesis and characterisation of a dithiadiaza chelator NSNS2A, as well as copper complexes thereof are reported in this paper. Solution structures of copper(i/ii) complexes were calculated using density functional theory (DFT) and validated by both NMR and EPR spectroscopy. DFT calculations revealed a switch in the orientation of tetragonal distortion upon protonation, which might be responsible for poor stability of the Cu(II)NSNS2A complex in aqueous media, whilst the same switch in tetragonal distortion was experimentally observed by changing the solvent. The chelator was radiolabeled with 64Cu and evaluated using PET/MRI in rats. Despite a favorable redox potential to stabilize the cuprous state in vivo, the 64Cu(II)NSNS2A complex showed suboptimal stability compared to its tetraazamacrocyclic analogue, 64Cu(TE2A), with a significant 64Cu uptake in the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey Shuvaev
- A. A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging and the Institute for Innovation in Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA.
| | | | - Nicholas J Rotile
- A. A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging and the Institute for Innovation in Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA.
| | - Andrei Astashkin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | | | - Alana W Ross
- A. A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging and the Institute for Innovation in Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA.
| | - Tia L Walker
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University Northwest, Gary, IN 46408, USA.
| | - Peter Caravan
- A. A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging and the Institute for Innovation in Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA.
| | - Ian S Taschner
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University Northwest, Gary, IN 46408, USA.
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5
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Iffland L, Siegmund D, Apfel U. Electrochemical CO
2
and Proton Reduction by a Co(dithiacyclam) Complex. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.201900356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Linda Iffland
- Inorganic Chemistry I Ruhr‐Universität Bochum Universitätsstraße 150 44801 Bochum Germany
| | - Daniel Siegmund
- Department of Electrosynthesis Fraunhofer UMSICHT Osterfelder Straße 3 46047 Oberhausen Germany
| | - Ulf‐Peter Apfel
- Inorganic Chemistry I Ruhr‐Universität Bochum Universitätsstraße 150 44801 Bochum Germany
- Department of Electrosynthesis Fraunhofer UMSICHT Osterfelder Straße 3 46047 Oberhausen Germany
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6
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Gerschel P, Battistella B, Siegmund D, Ray K, Apfel UP. Electrochemical CO 2 Reduction — The Effect of Chalcogenide Exchange in Ni-Isocyclam Complexes. Organometallics 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.0c00129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Gerschel
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstrasse 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Beatrice Battistella
- Department of Chemistry, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Taylor-Brook-Strasse 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Daniel Siegmund
- Fraunhofer UMSICHT, Osterfelder Strasse 3, 46047 Oberhausen, Germany
| | - Kallol Ray
- Department of Chemistry, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Taylor-Brook-Strasse 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ulf-Peter Apfel
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstrasse 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany
- Fraunhofer UMSICHT, Osterfelder Strasse 3, 46047 Oberhausen, Germany
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7
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Taschner IS, Aubuchon E, Schrage BR, Ziegler CJ, van der Est A. Synthesis and structural studies of copper(ii) complex with N 2S 2 based N-substituted pendant phosphonic acid arms. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:3545-3552. [PMID: 32118216 DOI: 10.1039/c9dt04869c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of a heteromacrocyclic bifunctional chelator with phosphonic acid pendent arms is presented along copper(ii) complexation. Ligand N2S2-POH featuring N,N'-bis-substituted phosphonate pendent arms was isolated in respectable yields, characterized, and chelated to copper(ii). Implementation of both Moedritzer-Irani and Kabachnik-Fields conditions using aza-thia macrocycle 1,8-dithia-4,11-diazacyclotetradecane afforded 1,8-dithia-4,11-diazacyclotetradecane-4,11-diyl-bis-(methylene)-bis-(phosphonic acid) (N2S2-POH). Kinetic NMR studies provided four acid dissociation constants with respect to hydronium ion concentration. Benesi-Hildebrand binding experiment provided a conditional formation constant of 2.8 × 104 M-1. Heteromacrocycle N2S2-POH readily formed an encapsulated copper(ii) chelate at room temperature, which was examined through EPR analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian S Taschner
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University Northwest, Gary, Indiana 46408, USA.
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8
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Taschner IS, Walker TL, M. SC, Schrage BR, Ziegler CJ, Gao X, Wheeler SE. Topomeric aza/thia cryptands: synthesis and theoretical aspects of in/out isomerism using n-alkyl bridging. Org Chem Front 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0qo00123f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A series of heterobicyclic aza/thia-lactams and cryptands incorporating changes in n-alkyl bridging length have been synthesized, characterized, chelated to heavy metals and computationally assessed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tia L. Walker
- Department of Chemistry
- Indiana University Northwest
- Gary
- USA
| | - Sharath Chandra M.
- Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Georgia
- Athens
- USA
| | | | | | - Xinfeng Gao
- Department of Chemistry
- Indiana University Bloomington
- Bloomington
- USA
| | - Steven E. Wheeler
- Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Georgia
- Athens
- USA
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9
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Taschner IS, Walker TL, DeHaan HS, Schrage BR, Ziegler CJ, Taschner MJ. Synthesis, Characterization, and Copper(II) Chelates of 1,11-Dithia-4,8-diazacyclotetradecane. J Org Chem 2019; 84:11091-11102. [PMID: 31454235 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b01682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Synthesis of 1,11-dithia-4,8-diazacyclotetradecane (L1), a constitutional isomer of the macrocyclic [14]aneN2S2 series, is accompanied with reaction and method optimization. Chelation of L1 with copper(II) provided assessment of lattice packing, ring contortion, and evidence of conformational fluxionality in solution through two unique crystal structures: L1Cu(ClO4)2 and [(L1Cu)2μ-Cl](ClO4)3. Multiple synthetic approaches are presented, supplemented with reaction methodology and reagent screening to access [14]aneN2S2 L1. Reductive alkylation of bis-tosyl-cystamine was integrated into the synthetic route, eliminating the use and isolation of volatile thiols and streamlining the synthetic scale-up. Late-stage cleavage of protecting sulfonamides was addressed using reductive N-S cleavage to furnish macrocyclic freebase L1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian S Taschner
- Department of Chemistry , Indiana University Northwest , Gary , Indiana 46408 , United States
| | - Tia L Walker
- Department of Chemistry , Indiana University Northwest , Gary , Indiana 46408 , United States
| | - Hunter S DeHaan
- Department of Chemistry , Indiana University Northwest , Gary , Indiana 46408 , United States
| | - Briana R Schrage
- Department of Chemistry , The University of Akron , Akron , Ohio 44325 , United States
| | - Christopher J Ziegler
- Department of Chemistry , The University of Akron , Akron , Ohio 44325 , United States
| | - Michael J Taschner
- Department of Chemistry , The University of Akron , Akron , Ohio 44325 , United States
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10
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Gerschel P, Warm K, Farquhar ER, Englert U, Reback ML, Siegmund D, Ray K, Apfel UP. Sulfur substitution in a Ni(cyclam) derivative results in lower overpotential for CO 2 reduction and enhanced proton reduction. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:5923-5932. [PMID: 30624449 DOI: 10.1039/c8dt04740e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The replacement of the opposing nitrogen atoms in 1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane (cyclam) with two sulfur atoms in 1,8-dithia-4,11-diazacyclotetradecane (dithiacyclam) enables the electrochemical reduction of protons and CO2via the corresponding nickel(ii) complex at more positive potentials. In addition, a 10-fold enhancement in the proton reduction rate of [Ni(dithiacyclam)]2+ relative to [Ni(cylcam)]2+ was observed. The study provides vital insight into Nature's choice of employing predominantly sulfur based ligand platforms in achieving biological proton and CO2 reductions.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Gerschel
- Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Anorganische Chemie I, Universitätsstraße 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany.
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11
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Mikhailov OV. Molecular structures of M(II) chelates with compartmental (N,N)-, (N,O)- and (N,S)-donor ligands and articulated metal chelate cycles. REV INORG CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1515/revic-2018-0005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AbstractMolecular structures of variousd-element M(II) ion chelates with compartmental (N,N)-, (N,O)-, and (N,S)-donor atomic ligands forming as a result of complexing with M(II) three or four articulated metal chelate cycles have been systematized and discussed in detail. It has been shown that, on the whole, such metalmacrocyclic compounds, as a rule, have molecular structures with non-coplanar chelate nodes and non-coplanar macrocycles. The review covers the period 2000–2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleg V. Mikhailov
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Kazan National Research Technological University, K. Marx Street 68, 420015 Kazan, Russia
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12
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Walker TL, Taschner IS, Chandra M S, Taschner MJ, Engle JT, Schrage BR, Ziegler CJ, Gao X, Wheeler SE. Lone-Pair-Induced Topicity Observed in Macrobicyclic Tetra-thia Lactams and Cryptands: Synthesis, Spectral Identification, and Computational Assessment. J Org Chem 2018; 83:10025-10036. [PMID: 30067366 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b01382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of a rigid macrobicyclic N,S lactam L1 and a topologically favored in/in N,S cryptand L2 are reported with X-ray structure analysis, dynamic correlation NMR spectroscopy, and computational analysis. Lactam L1 exhibits two distinct rotameric conformations (plus their enantiomeric counterparts) at 25 °C, as confirmed via NMR spectroscopy and computational analysis. Coalescence of the resonances of L1 was observed at 115 °C, allowing for complete nuclei to frequency correlation. Combining computational investigations with experimental data, topological equilibria and relative energies/strain relating to the perturbation of the pore were determined. Due to the increased conformational strain of the N2S2 template, the nitrogen lone pairs in L2 elicit a unique transannular interaction, resulting in a thermodynamically favored in/in nephroidal racemate. The combination of preferred topology, steric relief, and electronic localization of L2 induces a chiral environment imparted through the amine with a computed inversion barrier of 10.3 kcal mol-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tia L Walker
- Department of Chemistry , Indiana University Northwest , Gary , Indiana 46408 , United States
| | - Ian S Taschner
- Department of Chemistry , Indiana University Northwest , Gary , Indiana 46408 , United States
| | - Sharath Chandra M
- Department of Chemistry , Texas A&M University , College Station , Texas 77842 , United States
| | - Michael J Taschner
- Department of Chemistry , The University of Akron , Akron , Ohio 44325 , United States
| | - James T Engle
- Department of Chemistry , The University of Akron , Akron , Ohio 44325 , United States
| | - Briana R Schrage
- Department of Chemistry , The University of Akron , Akron , Ohio 44325 , United States
| | - Christopher J Ziegler
- Department of Chemistry , The University of Akron , Akron , Ohio 44325 , United States
| | - Xinfeng Gao
- Department of Chemistry , Indiana University Bloomington , Bloomington , Indiana 47405 , United States
| | - Steven E Wheeler
- Department of Chemistry , Texas A&M University , College Station , Texas 77842 , United States.,Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry, Department of Chemistry , University of Georgia , Athens , Georgia 30602 , United States
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13
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Mikhailov OV. Quantum-chemical models of the molecular structures of open-chain and macrocyclic d-metal chelates with (N,O)- and (N,S)-donor polydentate ligands. RUSS J INORG CHEM+ 2017. [DOI: 10.1134/s0036023617130058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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14
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Taraboletti A, Walker T, Avila R, Huang H, Caporoso J, Manandhar E, Leeper TC, Modarelli DA, Medicetty S, Shriver LP. Cuprizone Intoxication Induces Cell Intrinsic Alterations in Oligodendrocyte Metabolism Independent of Copper Chelation. Biochemistry 2017; 56:1518-1528. [PMID: 28186720 PMCID: PMC6145805 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.6b01072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cuprizone intoxication is a common animal model used to test myelin regenerative therapies for the treatment of diseases such as multiple sclerosis. Mice fed this copper chelator develop reversible, region-specific oligodendrocyte loss and demyelination. While the cellular changes influencing the demyelinating process have been explored in this model, there is no consensus about the biochemical mechanisms of toxicity in oligodendrocytes and about whether this damage arises from the chelation of copper in vivo. Here we have identified an oligodendroglial cell line that displays sensitivity to cuprizone toxicity and performed global metabolomic profiling to determine biochemical pathways altered by this treatment. We link these changes with alterations in brain metabolism in mice fed cuprizone for 2 and 6 weeks. We find that cuprizone induces widespread changes in one-carbon and amino acid metabolism as well as alterations in small molecules that are important for energy generation. We used mass spectrometry to examine chemical interactions that are important for copper chelation and toxicity. Our results indicate that cuprizone induces global perturbations in cellular metabolism that may be independent of its copper chelating ability and potentially related to its interactions with pyridoxal 5'-phosphate, a coenzyme essential for amino acid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tia Walker
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University Northwest, Gary, Indiana 46408, United States
| | - Robin Avila
- Renovo Neural, Inc., Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - He Huang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
| | - Joel Caporoso
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Erendra Manandhar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
| | - Thomas C. Leeper
- Department of Chemistry, College of Wooster, Wooster, Ohio 44691, United States
| | - David A. Modarelli
- Department of Chemistry, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
| | | | - Leah P. Shriver
- Department of Chemistry, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
- Department of Biology, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
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15
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Mikhailov OV. Molecular structure design and soft template synthesis of aza-, oxaaza- and thiaazamacrocyclic metal chelates in the gelatin matrix. ARAB J CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2016.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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16
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Kim S, Minier MA, Loas A, Becker S, Wang F, Lippard SJ. Achieving Reversible Sensing of Nitroxyl by Tuning the Ligand Environment of Azamacrocyclic Copper(II) Complexes. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:1804-7. [PMID: 26836121 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b12825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
To elucidate the factors that impart selectivity for nitroxyl (HNO) over nitric oxide (NO), thiols, and H2S in metal-based fluorescent probes, we investigated five Cu(II)-cyclam (14-N4) derivatives. Upon exposure to NO gas at pH 7, no changes occur in the UV-vis spectra of any of the complexes. Addition of Angeli's salt to generate HNO promotes reduction of Cu(II) only in the case of [Cu(II)(14-N4-Ts)(OTf)2], which has the most positive reduction potential of the series. To gain insight into the observed reactivity, we prepared the Cu(II) complex of the mixed thia/aza 14-N2S2 ligand. [Cu(II)(14-N2S2)(OTf)2] reacts reversibly with HNO at pH 7, although nonselectively over thiols and H2S. The recurrent sensing of HNO uncovered with the study of Cu(II) azamacrocyclic complexes is a remarkable feature that opens the door for the design of a new generation of metal-based probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunghee Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Mikael A Minier
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Andrei Loas
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Sabine Becker
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Stephen J Lippard
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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17
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Walker TL, Mula S, Malasi W, Engle JT, Ziegler CJ, van der Est A, Modarelli J, Taschner MJ. Blue copper protein analogue: synthesis and characterization of copper complexes of the N2S2 macrocycle 1,8-dithia-4,11-diazacyclotetradecane. Dalton Trans 2015; 44:20200-6. [PMID: 26536355 DOI: 10.1039/c5dt03389f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
To improve understanding of copper at the active site of Type 1 copper proteins, Cu(I) and Cu(II) complexes of 1,8-dithia-4,11-diazacyclotetradecane, shown in , have been successfully isolated and structurally characterized by X-ray crystallography. In these compounds, both Cu(I) and Cu(II) are centered in the plane of the macrocycle containing two sulphur and two nitrogen heteroatoms comprising the distorted tetrahedral/square planar coordination geometry. The UV/VIS spectra, electrochemistry and EPR properties have been obtained for the Cu(II) complex 2. Three absorption bands at 295 nm, 354 nm, and 545 nm are observed in aqueous solution at a pH of 5. These bands have been assigned to the N → Cu(II) and S → Cu(II) charge transfer bands and the d-d transitions respectively. The Cu(I/II) redox midpoint potential of complex 2 in CH3CN is +403 mV versus NHE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tia L Walker
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University Northwest, Gary, IN 46408, USA.
| | - Sam Mula
- Department of Chemistry, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - Wilhelm Malasi
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Akron, Akron, OH 44335, USA
| | - James T Engle
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Akron, Akron, OH 44335, USA
| | | | - Art van der Est
- Department of Chemistry, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - Jody Modarelli
- Department of Chemistry, Hiram College, Hiram, OH 44234, USA
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18
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[15]aneN4S: synthesis, thermodynamic studies and potential applications in chelation therapy. Molecules 2014; 19:550-67. [PMID: 24394438 PMCID: PMC6271953 DOI: 10.3390/molecules19010550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2013] [Revised: 12/23/2013] [Accepted: 12/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this work was to synthesize and characterize the thiatetraaza macrocycle 1-thia-4,7,10,13-tetraazacyclopentadecane ([15]aneN4S). Its acid-base behaviour was studied by potentiometry at 25 °C and ionic strength 0.10 M in KNO3. The protonation sequence of this ligand was investigated by 1H-NMR titration that also allowed the determination of protonation constants in D2O. Binding studies of [15]aneN4S with Mn2+, Fe2+, Co2+, Ni2+, Cu2+, Zn2+, Cd2+, Hg2+ and Pb2+ metal ions were further performed under the same experimental conditions. The results demonstrated that this compound has a higher selectivity and thermodynamic stability for Hg2+ and Cu2+, followed by Ni2+. The UV-visible-near IR spectroscopies and magnetic moment data for the Co(II) and Ni(II) complexes indicated a tetragonal distorted coordination geometry for both metal centres. The value of magnetic moment and the X-band EPR spectra of the Cu(II) complex are consistent with a distorted square pyramidal geometry.
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