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Chellegui M, Koudjina S, Salhi I, Benmetir S, Salih RN, Mohammad-Salim HA, Atohoun GYS, de Julián-Ortiz JV. Mechanism and stereoselectivity of a [3 + 2] cycloaddition involving a glucosyl nitrone: a MEDT study. Org Biomol Chem 2025; 23:5016-5032. [PMID: 40304208 DOI: 10.1039/d5ob00529a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2025]
Abstract
In this study, Molecular Electron Density Theory (MEDT) is employed to investigate the reaction mechanism and the experimentally observed stereoselectivity of the [3 + 2] cycloaddition (32CA) between C-(D-glucoso)-N-methyl nitrone 1 and 1H-pyrrole-2,5-dione 2. Within the Conceptual DFT (CDFT) framework, 2 behaves as an electrophile, while 1 acts as the nucleophile. Bonding Evolution Theory (BET) analysis reveals that this 32CA reaction proceeds through a one-step asynchronous mechanism, where the formation of the C3-C4 bond occurs before that of the O1-C5 bond along both the endo and exo pathways. This asynchronous nature is further supported by analyses based on the Electron Localization Function (ELF) and the Quantum Theory of Atoms in Molecules (QTAIM), which confirm the absence of new disynaptic basins (V(C3,C4) and V(O1,C5)) and of new covalent bonds, respectively. Overall, the endo pathway is found to be both thermodynamically and kinetically more favorable than the exo pathway. Finally, using the distortion/interaction-activation strain model, we demonstrate that the observed endo/exo selectivity is primarily governed by differences in interaction energies. Moreover, molecular docking analyses revealed that the endo product has considerable binding affinity to the 1CIN protease, indicating its potential as a therapeutic inhibitor. Moreover, drug-likeness evaluations verified that the compounds adhere to Lipinski's rule of five, signifying advantageous pharmacokinetic characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Chellegui
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry (LR17ES08), Faculty of Sciences, University of Sfax, 3038 Sfax, Tunisia.
- Namur Institute of Structured Matter, University of Namur, Rue de Bruxelles, 61, B-5000 Namur, Belgium
| | - Simplice Koudjina
- National High School of Applied Biosciences and Biotechnologies (ENSBBA), National University of Sciences, Technologies, Engineering and Mathematics (UNSTIM), BP 486 Abomey, Sogbo-Aliho, Benin
- Laboratory of Chemical Physics-Materials and Molecular Modeling (LCP3M), University of Abomey-Calavi (UAC), 03 BP 3409 Cotonou, Benin
| | - Ines Salhi
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry (LR17ES08), Faculty of Sciences, University of Sfax, 3038 Sfax, Tunisia.
| | - Sofiane Benmetir
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Av. Vicente Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100 Valencia, Spain
- Process and Environmental Engineering Laboratory (LIPE), Faculty of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of Oran Mohamed BOUDIAF, P.O. Box 1503, El Mnaouer, 31000 Oran, Algeria
| | - Raad Nasrullah Salih
- Nursing Department, Bardarash Technical Institute, Akre University for Applied science, Duhok 42001, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | - Haydar A Mohammad-Salim
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Zakho, Zakho 42002, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
- TCCG Lab, Scientific Research Center, University of Zakho, Zakho 42002, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | - Guy Y S Atohoun
- Laboratory of Chemical Physics-Materials and Molecular Modeling (LCP3M), University of Abomey-Calavi (UAC), 03 BP 3409 Cotonou, Benin
| | - Jesus Vicente de Julián-Ortiz
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Av. Vicente Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100 Valencia, Spain
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2
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Zawadzińska-Wrochniak K, Kula K, Ríos-Gutiérrez M, Gostyński B, Krawczyk T, Jasiński R. A Comprehensive Study of the Synthesis, Spectral Characteristics, Quantum-Chemical Molecular Electron Density Theory, and In Silico Future Perspective of Novel CBr 3-Functionalyzed Nitro-2-Isoxazolines Obtained via (3 + 2) Cycloaddition of ( E)-3,3,3-Tribromo-1-Nitroprop-1-ene. Molecules 2025; 30:2149. [PMID: 40430322 DOI: 10.3390/molecules30102149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2025] [Revised: 04/25/2025] [Accepted: 05/12/2025] [Indexed: 05/29/2025] Open
Abstract
The search for new heterocyclic compounds with biological potential is one of the current challenges in modern chemistry. Therefore, the comprehensive study of (3 + 2) cycloaddition (32CA) reactions between a series of aryl-substituted nitrile N-oxides (NOs) and (E)-3,3,3-tribromo-1-nitroprop-1-ene (TBNP) is carried out. According to the experimental research, in all tested 32CAs, the proper (4RS,5RS)-3-aryl-4-nitro-5-tribromomethyl-2-isoxazolines are obtained as only one reaction product. In turn, the quantum-chemical MEDT study shows that the creation of heterocycles occur via the polar attack of zwitterionic moderate-nucleophilic NOs to strong electrophilic TBNP. The reactions are realized according to a two-stage, one-step asynchronous mechanism, in which the formation of the O-C(CBr3) bond takes place once the C-C(NO2) bond is already formed. What is more, the computational analysis confirmed the experimental results. At the end, the obtained 2-isoxazolines were docked to three proteins: gelatinase B, cyclooxygenase COX-1, and Caspase-7. We hope that the presented study will be helpful for searching for the future direction of application for this class of organic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Karolina Kula
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Cracow University of Technology, Warszawska 24, 31-155 Cracow, Poland
| | - Mar Ríos-Gutiérrez
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Valencia, Dr. Moliner 50, Burjassot, 46-100 Valencia, Spain
| | - Bartłomiej Gostyński
- Department of Structural Chemistry, Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363 Łódź, Poland
| | - Tomasz Krawczyk
- Department of Chemical Organic Technology and Petrochemistry, Silesian University of Technology, Krzywoustego 4, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Radomir Jasiński
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Cracow University of Technology, Warszawska 24, 31-155 Cracow, Poland
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3
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Domingo LR, Pérez P. How Different Are Nitrile Oxides from Nitrones in zw-type [3 + 2] Cycloaddition Reactions? A Molecular Electron Density Theory Study. J Org Chem 2025; 90:3936-3950. [PMID: 40052295 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c02966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/22/2025]
Abstract
Using the molecular electron density theory, the zw-type [3 + 2] cycloaddition (32CA) reactions of three benzonitrile oxides (BNOs) with several ethylenes, exhibiting different nucleophilic/electrophilic activation, have been studied to establish their poor reactivity. ELF topological analysis of the three BNOs reveals that the para substitution on the benzene ring does not affect the electron density distribution on the CNO frameworks. According to a DFT-based reactivity indices analysis, the nonsubstituted BNO is a moderate electrophile and a moderate nucleophile, which accounts for its poor reactivity in polar reactions. The activation energy analysis of the 32CA reactions of the nonsubstituted BNO allows us to establish that it reacts more effectively with strongly nucleophilic ethylenes than strongly electrophilic ones. Additionally, while the 32CA reactions with nucleophilic ethylenes are entirely ortho regioselective, those with electrophilic ethylenes are poor meta regioselective. A relative interacting atomic energy analysis of these 32CA reactions confirms the establishment of participation of these BNOs in zw-type 32CA reactions. The electrophilic BNO framework stabilization in 32CA reactions with supernucleophilic ethylenes is stronger than that of the ethylene framework in reactions with strong electrophilic ethylenes, which explains the higher reactivity of BNOs toward supernucleophilic ethylenes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Patricia Pérez
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Departamento de Ciencias Químicas, Centro de Química Teórica & Computacional. Universidad Andres Bello, Av. República 275, Santiago 8370146, Chile
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Sadowski M, Dresler E, Zawadzińska K, Wróblewska A, Jasiński R. Syn-Propanethial S-Oxide as an Available Natural Building Block for the Preparation of Nitro-Functionalized, Sulfur-Containing Five-Membered Heterocycles: An MEDT Study. Molecules 2024; 29:4892. [PMID: 39459260 PMCID: PMC11510298 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29204892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2024] [Revised: 10/11/2024] [Accepted: 10/12/2024] [Indexed: 10/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The regio- and stereoselectivity and the molecular mechanisms of the [3 + 2] cycloaddition reactions between Syn-propanethial S-oxide and selected conjugated nitroalkenes were explored theoretically in the framework of the Molecular Electron Density Theory. It was found that cycloadditions with the participation of nitroethene as well as its methyl- and chloro-substituted analogs can be realized via a single-step mechanism. On the other hand, [3 + 2] cycloaddition reactions between Syn-propanethial S-oxide and 1,1-dinitroethene can proceed according to a stepwise mechanism with a zwitterionic intermediate. Finally, we evaluated the affinity of model reaction products for several target proteins: cytochrome P450 14α-sterol demethylase CYP51 (RSCB Database PDB ID: 1EA1), metalloproteinase gelatinase B (MMP-9; PDB ID: 4XCT), and the inhibitors of cyclooxygenase COX-1 (PDB:3KK6) and COX-2 (PDB:5KIR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikołaj Sadowski
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Cracow University of Technology, Warszawska 24, 31-155 Krakow, Poland;
| | - Ewa Dresler
- Łukasiewicz Research Network—Institute of Heavy Organic Synthesis “Blachownia”, Energetyków 9, 47-225 Kędzierzyn-Koźle, Poland;
| | | | - Aneta Wróblewska
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Lodz, Tamka 12, 91-403 Łódź, Poland;
| | - Radomir Jasiński
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Cracow University of Technology, Warszawska 24, 31-155 Krakow, Poland;
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Horváth Á, Benkő Z. Phthalazine as a Diene in Diels-Alder Reactions With P- and As-Containing Anionic Dienophiles: Comparison of Possible Reaction Channels. Chempluschem 2024; 89:e202400140. [PMID: 38819996 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202400140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
Phthalazine can behave as a diene in Diels-Alder (DA) cycloadditions, typically at the pyridazine ring, however, its application is somewhat limited because these reactions usually require harsh conditions or sophisticated catalysts. As an unconventional example, phthalazine was reported to undergo cycloaddition with the [PCO]- anion without any catalyst. In this computational study, we scrutinise the mechanism of the DA reactions between phthalazine and the so far known [ECX]- (E: P, As; X: O, S, Se) anions as dienophiles. In principle, the attack of an [ECX]- anion may occur at two different sites of phthalazine, either at the benzene or the pyridazine ring, and both of these possible reaction channels were juxtaposed on the basis of energetic aspects. In all of the investigated cases, the analysis of the energy profiles reveals a clear regioselectivity that favours the attack at the pyridazine ring. As a result, so far unprecedented 2-pnictanaphth-3-olate analogues seem achievable as final products. Comparing the characteristics of these pathways allowed us to clarify the source of this regioselectivity: The pyridazine ring of phthalazine exhibits lower aromaticity than the benzene subring; therefore, in the DA step, the former ring shows a higher affinity toward a dienophile than the latter, leading to lower activation barriers. To further map the electronic and structural features of the cycloaddition steps, the local interactions evolving in the transition states were analysed and compared using global and local descriptors. In most aspects, the characteristics of both pathways were found to be rather similar, in contrast to the markedly differing activation barriers on the two routes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ádám Horváth
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Műegyetem rkp 3., H-1111, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Benkő
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Műegyetem rkp 3., H-1111, Budapest, Hungary
- HUN-REN-BME Computation Driven Chemistry Research Group, Műegyetem rkp 3., H-1111, Budapest, Hungary
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6
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Dresler E, Wróblewska A, Jasiński R. Energetic Aspects and Molecular Mechanism of 3-Nitro-substituted 2-Isoxazolines Formation via Nitrile N-Oxide [3+2] Cycloaddition: An MEDT Computational Study. Molecules 2024; 29:3042. [PMID: 38998997 PMCID: PMC11243562 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29133042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2024] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Regioselectivity and the molecular mechanism of the [3+2] cycloaddition reaction between nitro-substituted formonitrile N-oxide 1 and electron-rich alkenes were explored on the basis of the wb97xd/6-311+G(d) (PCM) quantum chemical calculations. It was established that the thermodynamic factors allow for the formation of stable cycloadducts along all considered models. The analysis of the kinetic parameters of the main processes show that all [3+2] cycloadditions should be realized with full regioselectivity. In all cases, the formation of 5-substituted 3-nitro-2-isoxazolidines is clearly preferred. It is interesting that regiodirection is not determined by the local electrophile/nucleophile interactions but by steric effects. From a mechanistic point of view, all considered reactions should be treated as polar, one-step reactions. All attempts to locate the hypothetical zwitterionic intermediates along the cycloaddition paths were, however, not successful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Dresler
- Łukasiewicz Research Network-Institute of Heavy Organic Synthesis "Blachownia", Energetyków 9, 47-225 Kędzierzyn-Koźle, Poland
| | - Aneta Wróblewska
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Lodz, Tamka 12, 91-403 Łódź, Poland
| | - Radomir Jasiński
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Cracow University of Technology, Warszawska 24, 31-155 Cracow, Poland
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7
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Dresler E, Woliński P, Wróblewska A, Jasiński R. On the Question of Zwitterionic Intermediates in the [3+2] Cycloaddition Reactions between Aryl Azides and Ethyl Propiolate. Molecules 2023; 28:8152. [PMID: 38138640 PMCID: PMC10745654 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28248152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The molecular mechanism of the [3+2] cycloaddition reactions between aryl azides and ethyl propiolate was evaluated in the framework of the Molecular Electron Density Theory. It was found that independently of the nature of the substituent within the azide molecule, the cycloaddition process is realized via a polar but single-step mechanism. All attempts of localization as postulated earlier by Abu-Orabi and coworkers' zwitterionic intermediates were not successful. At the same time, the formation of zwitterions with an "extended" conformation is possible on parallel reaction paths. The ELF analysis shows that the studied cycloaddition reaction leading to the 1,4-triazole proceeds by a two-stage one-step mechanism. It also revealed that both zwitterions are created by the donation of the nitrogen atom's nonbonding electron densities to carbon atoms of ethyl propiolate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Dresler
- Łukasiewicz Research Network—Institute of Heavy Organic Synthesis “Blachownia”, Energetyków 9, 47-225 Kędzierzyn-Koźle, Poland;
| | - Przemysław Woliński
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Cracow University of Technology, Warszawska 24, 31-155 Cracow, Poland;
| | - Aneta Wróblewska
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Lódź, Tamka 12, 91-403 Łódź, Poland;
| | - Radomir Jasiński
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Cracow University of Technology, Warszawska 24, 31-155 Cracow, Poland;
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8
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Boutadghart T, Ghailane R. A molecular electron density theory study of asymmetric Diels-Alder [4 + 2] reaction's mechanism of furan with three substituted alkynes (5-R substituted-3-(3-(phenylsulfonyl)-propioloyl)-oxazolidin-2-one). J Mol Model 2023; 29:290. [PMID: 37612461 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-023-05665-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT The [4 +2 ] cycloaddition reactions between furan and three substituted alkynes (5-R-substituted-3-(3-(phenylsulfonyl)-propioloyl)-oxazolidin-2-one) have been investigated using the MEDT approach. Reactivity indices, reaction pathways, and activation energies are calculated. In an investigation of conceptual DFT indices, furan acts as a nucleophile, while the three substituted alkynes (5-R-substituted-3-(3-(phenylsulfonyl)-propioloyl)-oxazolidin-2-one) function as electrophiles in this reaction. The cycloaddition is regioiselective, as demonstrated by the activation and reaction energies, in clear agreement with the experiment's results. Hetero Diels-Alder [4 + 2] cycloadditions occur following a non-concerted two stages one-step molecular mechanism. METHODS For the purpose of this study, all calculations were performed using the Gaussian 09 software. Optimization was achieved through Berny's computational gradient optimization method, employing the B3LYP functional and the 6-31G(d) basis set. Analysis of both local and global reactivity indices provided insights into the reactivity tendencies of the reactants, distinguishing between electrophilic and nucleophilic characteristics via Parr functions. Frequency calculations were employed to identify and characterize stationary points, with transition states indicated by a single imaginary frequency and positive values of all frequencies for reactants and product. The electron localization function (ELF) was investigated using the Multiwfn software within the context of topological analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarik Boutadghart
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Catalysis and Environment, Unit of Theoretical Chemistry and Modeling, Faculty of Sciences, University of Ibn Tofail, Po Box 133, 14000, Kenitra, Morocco
| | - Rachida Ghailane
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Catalysis and Environment, Unit of Theoretical Chemistry and Modeling, Faculty of Sciences, University of Ibn Tofail, Po Box 133, 14000, Kenitra, Morocco.
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9
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Kras J, Woliński P, Nagatsky R, Demchuk OM, Jasiński R. Full Regio- and Stereoselective Protocol for the Synthesis of New Nicotinoids via Cycloaddition Processes with the Participation of Trans-Substituted Nitroethenes: Comprehensive Experimental and MEDT Study. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28083535. [PMID: 37110768 PMCID: PMC10142438 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28083535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
[3 + 2] Cycloaddition reactions with the participation of Z-C-(3-pyridyl)-N-methylnitrone and series of E-2-R-nitroethenes were both experimentally and theoretically explored in the framework of Molecular Electron Density Theory. It was found that all considered processes are realized under mild conditions and in full regio- and stereocontrol. The ELF analysis additionally showed that the studied reaction proceeds by a two-stage, one-step mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jowita Kras
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Cracow University of Technology, Warszawska 24, 31-155 Krakow, Poland
| | - Przemysław Woliński
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Cracow University of Technology, Warszawska 24, 31-155 Krakow, Poland
| | - Roman Nagatsky
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Cracow University of Technology, Warszawska 24, 31-155 Krakow, Poland
| | - Oleg M Demchuk
- Faculty of Medicine, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Konstantynow 1J, 20-708 Lublin, Poland
| | - Radomir Jasiński
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Cracow University of Technology, Warszawska 24, 31-155 Krakow, Poland
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10
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Thongni A, Phanrang PT, Pandya C, Diengdoh DF, Gannon PM, Kaminsky W, Nongkhlaw R, Kumari J, Sriram D, Sivaramakrishna A, Nongkhlaw R. Ultrasound assisted synthesis of spirooxindole analogs catalyzed by Fe3O4@PPCA NPs: Experimental, theoretical and in vitro biological studies. J Mol Struct 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2023.135363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
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DFT Study of Regio- and Stereoselective 13DC Reaction between Diazopropane and Substituted Chalcone Derivatives: Molecular Docking of Novel Pyrazole Derivatives as Anti-Alzheimer's Agents. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28041899. [PMID: 36838888 PMCID: PMC9964806 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28041899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present work, a combination of experimental and density functional theory (DFT) investigation of the (3+2) cycloaddition reactions of diazopropane with chalcone derivatives was reported. All calculations were performed using several DFT approaches (B3LYP, M06, M06-2X) and 6-311+G(d, p) basis set. Based on the NMR, MS analyses and IRC calculations, the pyrazole derivatives are the kinetic adducts over the oxadiazoles. The use of two equivalents of diazopropane leads to thermodynamical products. A molecular docking analysis was performed to investigate the efficiency of the obtained products against selected drug targets in anti-Alzheimer ligand-receptor interactions. We revealed that the ligands selected were bound mainly to the catalytic (CAS) and peripheral (PAS) anionic sites of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) inhibitors, respectively. The selected ligands 1, 3, 4 and P14 may act as the best inhibitors against Alzheimer's disease (AD).
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12
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Aguilar-Morales CM, Servín-García G, del Río RE, Islas-Jácome A, Gámez-Montaño R, Chacón-García L, Cortés-García CJ. Synthesis of novel hybrid 1,5-disusbtituted 1 H-tetrazol-5yl 4,5-dihydro [1,2,3]triazolo[1,5- a]pyrazin-6-ones via high-order MCR-S N2/intramolecular [3 + 2] cycloaddition sequence. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/00397911.2022.2154165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cesia M. Aguilar-Morales
- Laboratorio de Diseño Molecular, Instituto de Investigaciones Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo. Ciudad Universitaria, Morelia, Mexico
| | - Gabriela Servín-García
- Laboratorio de Diseño Molecular, Instituto de Investigaciones Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo. Ciudad Universitaria, Morelia, Mexico
| | - Rosa E. del Río
- Laboratorio Química de Productos Naturales, Instituto de Investigaciones Químico Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Ed. B-1, C.U, Morelia, Mexico
| | - Alejandro Islas-Jácome
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Avenida Ferrocarril San Rafael Atlixco, número 186, Colonia Leyes de Reforma 1A Sección, Alcaldía Iztapalapa, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Rocío Gámez-Montaño
- Departamento de Química, División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Universidad de Guanajuato, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - Luis Chacón-García
- Laboratorio de Diseño Molecular, Instituto de Investigaciones Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo. Ciudad Universitaria, Morelia, Mexico
| | - Carlos J. Cortés-García
- Laboratorio de Diseño Molecular, Instituto de Investigaciones Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo. Ciudad Universitaria, Morelia, Mexico
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13
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Alikahi N, Daraei B, Torkian L, Shekarchi M. Application of the Quetiapine Templated Molecular Imprinted Polymer in Its Extraction from Human Blood Plasma; an Experimental and Density Functional Theory Study. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202203741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Naghmeh Alikahi
- Department of applied Chemistry South Tehran Branch Islamic Azad University Tehran Iran
| | - Bahram Daraei
- Department of Toxicology and pharmacology School of pharmacy Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Leila Torkian
- Department of applied Chemistry South Tehran Branch Islamic Azad University Tehran Iran
- Research Center of Modeling and Optimization in Science and Engineering Islamic Azad University, South Tehran Branch Tehran Iran
| | - Maryam Shekarchi
- Food and Drug Laboratory Research Centre Food and Drug Organization MOH&ME Tehran, Postal code 1113615911 Iran
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14
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Dresler E, Wróblewska A, Jasiński R. Understanding the Regioselectivity and the Molecular Mechanism of [3 + 2] Cycloaddition Reactions between Nitrous Oxide and Conjugated Nitroalkenes: A DFT Computational Study. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27238441. [PMID: 36500530 PMCID: PMC9738823 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27238441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Regiochemical aspects and the molecular mechanism of the [3 + 2] cycloaddition between nitrous oxide and conjugated nitroalkenes were evaluated on the basis of the wb97xd/6-311 + G(d) (PCM) computational study. It was found that, independently of the nature of the nitroalkene, all considered processes are realized via polar, single-step mechanisms. All attempts at the localization of hypothetical zwitterionic intermediates were unsuccessful. Additionally, the DFT computational study suggested that, in the course of the reaction, the formation of respective Δ2-4-nitro-4-R1-5-R2-1-oxa-2,3-diazolines was preferred from the kinetic point of view.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Dresler
- Łukasiewicz Research Network, Institute of Heavy Organic Synthesis “Blachownia”, Energetyków 9, 47-225 Kędzierzyn-Koźle, Poland
| | - Aneta Wróblewska
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363 Lodz, Poland
| | - Radomir Jasiński
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Cracow University of Technology, Warszawska 24, 31-155 Cracow, Poland
- Correspondence:
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15
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Kula K, Łapczuk A, Sadowski M, Kras J, Zawadzińska K, Demchuk OM, Gaurav GK, Wróblewska A, Jasiński R. On the Question of the Formation of Nitro-Functionalized 2,4-Pyrazole Analogs on the Basis of Nitrylimine Molecular Systems and 3,3,3-Trichloro-1-Nitroprop-1-Ene. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27238409. [PMID: 36500503 PMCID: PMC9739753 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27238409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Experimental and theoretical studies on the reaction between (E)-3,3,3-trichloro-1-nitroprop-1-ene and N-(4-bromophenyl)-C-arylnitrylimine were performed. It was found that the title process unexpectedly led to 1-(4-bromophenyl)-3-phenyl-5-nitropyrazole instead of the expected Δ2-pyrazoline molecular system. This was the result of a unique CHCl3 elimination process. The observed mechanism of transformation was explained in the framework of the molecular electron density theory (MEDT). The theoretical results showed that both of the possible channels of [3 + 2] cycloaddition were favorable from a kinetic point of view, due to which the creation of 1-(4-bromophenyl)-3-aryl-4-tricholomethyl-5-nitro-Δ2-pyrazoline was more probable. On the other hand, according to the experimental data, the presented reactions occurred with full regioselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Kula
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Cracow University of Technology, Warszawska 24, 31-155 Krakow, Poland
- Correspondence: (K.K.); (A.Ł.); (R.J.)
| | - Agnieszka Łapczuk
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Cracow University of Technology, Warszawska 24, 31-155 Krakow, Poland
- Correspondence: (K.K.); (A.Ł.); (R.J.)
| | - Mikołaj Sadowski
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Cracow University of Technology, Warszawska 24, 31-155 Krakow, Poland
| | - Jowita Kras
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Cracow University of Technology, Warszawska 24, 31-155 Krakow, Poland
| | - Karolina Zawadzińska
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Cracow University of Technology, Warszawska 24, 31-155 Krakow, Poland
| | - Oleg M. Demchuk
- Faculty of Medicine, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Konstantynow 1J, 20-708 Lublin, Poland
| | - Gajendra Kumar Gaurav
- Sustainable Process Integration Laboratory—SPIL, NETME Centre, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Brno University of Technology—VUT Brno, Technická 2896/2, 616-69 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Aneta Wróblewska
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363 Lodz, Poland
| | - Radomir Jasiński
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Cracow University of Technology, Warszawska 24, 31-155 Krakow, Poland
- Correspondence: (K.K.); (A.Ł.); (R.J.)
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16
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Zawadzińska K, Gadocha Z, Pabian K, Wróblewska A, Wielgus E, Jasiński R. The First Examples of [3+2] Cycloadditions with the Participation of ( E)-3,3,3-Tribromo-1-Nitroprop-1-Ene. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:ma15217584. [PMID: 36363174 PMCID: PMC9657535 DOI: 10.3390/ma15217584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The first examples of [3+2] cycloaddition reactions between 3,3,3-tribromo-1-nitroprop-1-ene (TBMN) were explored on the basis of experimental and theoretical approaches. It was found that reactions involving TBMN and diarylnitrones realized with full regio- and stereoselectivity lead to respective 3,4-cis-4,5-trans-4-nitroisoxazolidines. The regioselecticity and the molecular mechanism of title processes was analyzed on the basis of the advanced DFT computational study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Zawadzińska
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Cracow University of Technology, Warszawska 24, 31-155 Cracow, Poland
| | - Zuzanna Gadocha
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Cracow University of Technology, Warszawska 24, 31-155 Cracow, Poland
| | - Kamila Pabian
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Cracow University of Technology, Warszawska 24, 31-155 Cracow, Poland
| | - Aneta Wróblewska
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363 Lodz, Poland
| | - Ewelina Wielgus
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363 Lodz, Poland
| | - Radomir Jasiński
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Cracow University of Technology, Warszawska 24, 31-155 Cracow, Poland
- Correspondence:
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17
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Novak I. Photoionization of stable mesoionic compounds. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.119807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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18
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Asnaashariisfahani M, Azizi B, Heravi MRP, Habibzadeh S, Ebadi AG, Ahmadi S. Stereoselective cycloaddition of biologically active thioindoline with the smallest nanocage in gas phase
vs
. solution
via
DFT. J PHYS ORG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/poc.4390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Bayan Azizi
- Medical Laboratory Sciences Department, College of Health Sciences University of Human Development Sulaymaniyah Iraq
| | | | | | - Abdol Ghaffar Ebadi
- Department of Agriculture, Jouybar Branch Islamic Azad University Jouybar Iran
| | - Sheida Ahmadi
- Department of Chemistry Payame Noor University Tehran Iran
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19
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Stepwise, zwitterionic course of hetero-Diels–Alder reaction between 1,2,4-triazine molecular systems and 2-cyclopropylidene-1,3-dimethylimidazoline. Chem Heterocycl Compd (N Y) 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10593-022-03081-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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20
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On the Mechanism of the Synthesis of Nitrofunctionalised Δ2-Pyrazolines via [3+2] Cycloaddition Reactions between α-EWG-Activated Nitroethenes and Nitrylimine TAC Systems. ORGANICS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/org3010004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigated the reactivity of different substituted nitrylimine-type three atom components (TACs) in [3+2] cycloaddition (32CAs) reactions with electrophilically activated nitroethenes within molecular electron density theory (MEDT). In parallel research, the molecular mechanism of the considered transformation was examined through analysis of all possible reaction channels and full optimization of all critical structures. In particular, the existence of zwitterionic intermediates on reaction paths was verified. On the basis of the bonding evolution theory (BET), the mechanism of the 32CA reaction between C,N-diphenylnitrylimine and (E)-2-phenyl-1-cyano-1-nitroethene should be treated as a one-step two-stage mechanism.
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21
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Acharjee N, Mondal A, Chakraborty M. Unveiling the intramolecular [3 + 2] cycloaddition reactions of C, N-disubstituted nitrones from the molecular electron density theory perspective. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj00888b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The zwitterionic type intramolecular [3 + 2] cycloaddition reactions of nitrones show remarkable substituent effects and varying reactivities in the cases of cyclic and acyclic alkenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nivedita Acharjee
- Department of Chemistry, Durgapur Government College, Durgapur, 713214, West Bengal, India
| | - Asmita Mondal
- Department of Chemistry, Durgapur Government College, Durgapur, 713214, West Bengal, India
| | - Mrinmoy Chakraborty
- Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Dr B. C. Roy Engineering College, Durgapur, 713206, West Bengal, India
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22
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Zhang Y, Long Z, Yan L, Liu L, Yang L, Le Y. Discovery of 4-nitro-3-phenylisoxazole derivatives as potent antibacterial agents derived from the studies of [3 + 2] cycloaddition. RSC Adv 2022; 12:25633-25638. [PMID: 36199305 PMCID: PMC9455768 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra05009a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Polysubstituted phenylisoxazoles were designed and synthesized to discover new antibacterial agents via [3 + 2] cycloaddition. Thirty-five compounds with a phenylisoxazole scaffold were characterized by NMR, HRMS, and X-ray techniques. After being evaluated against Xanthomonas oryzae (Xoo), Pseudomonas syringae (Psa), and Xanthomonas axonopodis (Xac), 4-nitro-3-phenylisoxazole derivatives were found to better antibacterial activities. Further studies have shown that the EC50 values of these compounds were much better than that of the positive control, bismerthiazol. Thirty-five compounds with phenylisoxazole scaffold were synthesized via [3+2] cycloaddition. After being evaluated against Xoo, Psa and Xac, 4-nitro-3-phenylisoxazole derivatives were found well antibacterial activities.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Zhiwu Long
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Longjia Yan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- Guizhou Engineering Laboratory for Synthetic Drugs, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Li Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- Guizhou Engineering Laboratory for Synthetic Drugs, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Lan Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- Guizhou Engineering Laboratory for Synthetic Drugs, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Yi Le
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- Guizhou Engineering Laboratory for Synthetic Drugs, Guiyang 550025, China
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23
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On the Question of Stepwise [4+2] Cycloaddition Reactions and Their Stereochemical Aspects. Symmetry (Basel) 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/sym13101911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Even at the end of the twentieth century, the view of the one-step [4+2] cycloaddition (Diels-Alder) reaction mechanism was widely accepted as the only possible one, regardless of the nature of the reaction components. Much has changed in the way these reactions are perceived since then. In particular, multi-step mechanisms with zwitterionic or diradical intermediates have been proposed for a number of processes. This review provided a critical analysis of such cases.
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24
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Acharjee N, Mohammad-Salim HA, Chakraborty M. Unveiling [3 + 2] cycloaddition reactions of benzonitrile oxide and diphenyl diazomethane to cyclopentene and norbornene: a molecular electron density theory perspective. Theor Chem Acc 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s00214-021-02811-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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25
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Zouaghi MO, Doggui MY, Arfaoui Y. Regio- and stereoselectivity of the [3+2] cycloaddition of nitrones with methyl-acetophenone: A DFT investigation. J Mol Graph Model 2021; 107:107960. [PMID: 34126545 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2021.107960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
A theoretical study of the regio- and stereoselectivities of the [3 + 2] cycloaddition reactions of nitrones with substituted alkene (methyl acetophenone) is investigated using density functional theory (DFT) and carried out at B3LYP/6-311+G(d,p) level. The reactivity of these cycloadditions is rationalized by FMO model, activation energy calculations, and philicity indexes. The electronic populations have been calculated from natural orbital, which based on charges by using NBO analysis, MK and CHelpG electrostatic population. The four possible pathways, fused and bridged regioisomeric modes, and the two stereoisomeric approaches endo and exo for the cycloaddition reactions are analyzed and discussed. Analysis of TS geometries and bond lengths demonstrate that these reactions follow a one-step mechanism with asynchronous transition states. The activation energy indicated a favored endo approach along the four reaction pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Oussama Zouaghi
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Characterizations, Applications and Modeling of Materials LR18ES08, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Yassine Doggui
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Characterizations, Applications and Modeling of Materials LR18ES08, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunisia
| | - Youssef Arfaoui
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Characterizations, Applications and Modeling of Materials LR18ES08, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunisia.
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26
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Ríos-Gutiérrez M, Domingo LR, Jasiński R. Understanding the different reactivity of ( Z)- and ( E)-β-nitrostyrenes in [3+2] cycloaddition reactions. An MEDT study. RSC Adv 2021; 11:9698-9708. [PMID: 35423465 PMCID: PMC8695397 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra00891a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The experimental reactivity of isomeric (Z)- and (E)-β-nitrostyrenes participating in [3+2] cycloaddition (32CA) reactions has been analysed on the basis of molecular electron density theory (MEDT) at the HF/6-311G(d,p), B3LYP/6-311G(d,p) and ωB97X-D/6-311G(d,p) computational levels. It was found that the polar zw-type 32CA reactions with 5,5-dimethylpyrroline-N-oxide proceed via a one-step mechanism, characterised by the attack of the nucleophilic oxygen centre of the nitrone on the electrophilically activated β-position of these nitrostyrenes. This behaviour is completely understood by means of the analysis of the conceptual DFT reactivity indices. These 32CA reactions present low activation enthalpies of 4.4 (Z) and 5.0 (E) kcal mol-1, and are exo (Z) and endo (E) stereoselective (B3LYP), as well as completely meta regioselective (ωB97X-D, B3LYP). The less stable (Z)-β-nitrostyrene is more reactive than the (E)-one (HF). ELF and AIM topological analyses of the reagents and TSs show the great similitude between their electronic structures. Finally, NCI allows explaining the exo stereoselectivity found in the reaction of (Z)-β-nitrostyrene. The present MEDT study explains the different reactivity, selectivity and competitiveness in the title reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mar Ríos-Gutiérrez
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Valencia Dr Moliner 50, 46100 Burjassot Valencia Spain
| | - Luis R Domingo
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Valencia Dr Moliner 50, 46100 Burjassot Valencia Spain
| | - Radomir Jasiński
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Cracow University of Technology Warszawska 24 31-155 Cracow Poland
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27
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Acharjee N, Mohammad‐Salim HA, Chakraborty M, Rao MP, Ganesh M. Unveiling the high regioselectivity and stereoselectivity within the synthesis of spirooxindolenitropyrrolidine: A molecular electron density theory perspective. J PHYS ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/poc.4189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mrinmoy Chakraborty
- Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Dr. B. C. Roy Engineering College Durgapur India
| | - Madhuri P. Rao
- Department of Chemistry B.M.S College of Engineering Bengaluru India
| | - Madhu Ganesh
- Department of Chemistry B.M.S College of Engineering Bengaluru India
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Hyderabad India
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28
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Liu Y, Liu J, Liu YY, Tang B, Lin H, Li Y, Zhang L. Synthesis of spirocyclic Δ 4-isoxazolines via [3 + 2] cycloaddition of indanone-derived ketonitrones with alkynes. RSC Adv 2021; 11:30415-30425. [PMID: 35480251 PMCID: PMC9041119 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra06063e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A [3 + 2] cycloaddition of indanone-derived nitrones and alkynes under mild conditions is developed, allowing facile synthesis of spirocyclicindenyl isoxazolines with structural diversity. The sequential protocol of generated in situ ketonitrone from unsaturated ketones and N-alkylhydroxylamines is also achieved successfully, affording the desired products in considerable yield with moderate to good diastereoselectivity. Moreover, the spirocyclic product can be conveniently transformed into indenyl-based allylic alcohol and enamide. A [3 + 2] cycloaddition of indanone-derived nitrones with alkynes under mild conditions has been developed. It is a highly efficient and straightforward method for the synthesis of diverse spirocyclicindenyl isoxazolines.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilin Liu
- Hunan Engineering Laboratory for Preparation Technology of Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA) Fiber Material, Institute of Organic Synthesis, Huaihua University, Huaihua 418000, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Jiaxue Liu
- Hunan Engineering Laboratory for Preparation Technology of Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA) Fiber Material, Institute of Organic Synthesis, Huaihua University, Huaihua 418000, China
| | - Yan-Yun Liu
- Hunan Engineering Laboratory for Preparation Technology of Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA) Fiber Material, Institute of Organic Synthesis, Huaihua University, Huaihua 418000, China
| | - Boxiao Tang
- Hunan Engineering Laboratory for Preparation Technology of Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA) Fiber Material, Institute of Organic Synthesis, Huaihua University, Huaihua 418000, China
| | - Hongwei Lin
- Hunan Engineering Laboratory for Preparation Technology of Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA) Fiber Material, Institute of Organic Synthesis, Huaihua University, Huaihua 418000, China
| | - Yuanxiang Li
- Hunan Engineering Laboratory for Preparation Technology of Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA) Fiber Material, Institute of Organic Synthesis, Huaihua University, Huaihua 418000, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Hunan Engineering Laboratory for Preparation Technology of Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA) Fiber Material, Institute of Organic Synthesis, Huaihua University, Huaihua 418000, China
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29
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Yan J, Wang Y, Hou S, Shi L, Zhu X, Hao X, Song M. NCC Pincer Ni (II) Complexes Catalyzed Hydrophosphination of Nitroalkenes with Diphenylphosphine. Appl Organomet Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.5954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yan
- College of Chemistry Zhengzhou University No. 100 of Science Road Zhengzhou Henan 450001 P. R. China
| | - Yan‐Bing Wang
- College of Chemistry Zhengzhou University No. 100 of Science Road Zhengzhou Henan 450001 P. R. China
| | - Senyao Hou
- College of Chemistry Zhengzhou University No. 100 of Science Road Zhengzhou Henan 450001 P. R. China
| | - Linlin Shi
- College of Chemistry Zhengzhou University No. 100 of Science Road Zhengzhou Henan 450001 P. R. China
| | - Xinju Zhu
- College of Chemistry Zhengzhou University No. 100 of Science Road Zhengzhou Henan 450001 P. R. China
| | - Xin‐Qi Hao
- College of Chemistry Zhengzhou University No. 100 of Science Road Zhengzhou Henan 450001 P. R. China
| | - Mao‐Ping Song
- College of Chemistry Zhengzhou University No. 100 of Science Road Zhengzhou Henan 450001 P. R. China
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30
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On the Question of Zwitterionic Intermediates in the [3+2] Cycloaddition Reactions: A Critical Review. ORGANICS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/org1010005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
New discoveries require a fundamental revision of the view on the mechanism of the 32CAreaction (according to the older nomenclature defined as 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reactions). The view of the one-step, “concerted” mechanism of such processes developed in the 20-century is very popular today, both in academic literature and among organic chemists who do not specialize in such transformations. Meanwhile, more and more reports bring examples of reactions that clearly cannot be treated as processes without intermediates. However, these examples are documented very differently. In addition to comprehensive studies using many complementary research techniques, there are also reports in which the presence of intermediates in the cycloaddition environment is postulated on the basis of very unreliable premises. This review is an attempt at a critical analysis and systematization of data in the presented area.
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31
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Jasiński R. Selenyl analog of the (Z)-C,N-diphenylnitrone as the TAC in [3 + 2] cycloaddition with nitroethene: A DFT computational study. PHOSPHORUS SULFUR 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/10426507.2020.1760865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Radomir Jasiński
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Cracow University of Technology, Cracow, Poland
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32
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Hussein EM, El Guesmi N, Moussa Z, Pal U, Pal SK, Saha Dasgupta T, Ahmed SA. Unprecedented Regio- and Stereoselective Synthesis of Pyrene-Grafted Dispiro[indoline-3,2'-pyrrolidine-3',3″-indolines]: Expedient Experimental and Theoretical Insights into Polar [3 + 2] Cycloaddition. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:24081-24094. [PMID: 32984730 PMCID: PMC7513337 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c03510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
A series of dispiro[indoline-3,2'-pyrrolidine-3',3″-indolines] was synthesized via a multicomponent polar [3 + 2] cycloaddition (32CA) reaction of isatin derivatives, sarcosine and (E)-3-(2-oxo-2-(pyren-1-yl)ethylidene)indolin-2-one derivatives. The regio- and stereochemistries of the cycloadducts were established on the basis of one-dimensional (1D) (1H-, 13C-, 13C-CRAPT NMR) and two-dimensional (2D) homonuclear and heteronuclear correlation NMR spectrometry experiments (1H-1H gDQFCOSY, 13C-1H-HSQCAD, 13C-1H-HMBCAD, 1H-1H-ROESYAD). The molecular mechanism and regio- and stereoselectivities of the cycloaddition (CA) reaction have been investigated utilizing a density functional theory (DFT) method and were thoroughly explained based on the transition-state stabilities and global/local electrophilicity/nucleophilicity reactivity indices of the reactants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Essam M. Hussein
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm Al-Qura University, 21955 Makkah, Saudi Arabia
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Assiut
University, 71516 Assiut, Egypt
| | - Nizar El Guesmi
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm Al-Qura University, 21955 Makkah, Saudi Arabia
- Département
de Chimie, Faculté des Sciences de
Monastir, Avenue de l’Environnement, 5019 Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Ziad Moussa
- Department
of Chemistry, College of Science, United
Arab Emirates University, P.O. Box 15551, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Uttam Pal
- Technical
Research Centre, S.N. Bose National Centre
for Basic Sciences, Block JD, Sector III, Salt Lake, Kolkata 700106, India
| | - Samir K. Pal
- Department
of Chemical, Biological & Macromolecular Sciences, S.N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences, JD Block, Sector III, Salt Lake, Kolkata 700106, India
| | - Tanusri Saha Dasgupta
- Department
of Condensed Matter Physics and Material Sciences, S.N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences, Block JD, Sector III, Salt Lake, Kolkata 700106, India
| | - Saleh A. Ahmed
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm Al-Qura University, 21955 Makkah, Saudi Arabia
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Assiut
University, 71516 Assiut, Egypt
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33
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Paluka V, Maihom T, Warakulwit C, Srifa P, Boekfa B, Treesukol P, Poolmee P, Limtrakul J. Density functional study of the effect of cation exchanged Sn-Beta zeolite for the diels-alder reaction between furan and methyl acrylate. Chem Phys Lett 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2020.137743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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34
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Luo X, Liu S, Lan Y. Mechanism and Regioselectivity of 1,3‐Dipolar Cycloaddition of Nitrile Oxides to 3‐Methylene Oxindole: A Density Functional Theory Study. ChemistrySelect 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202002672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoling Luo
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Inorganic Functional Materials, College of ChemistryChongqing Normal University Chongqing 401331 China
| | - Song Liu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational ChemistrySchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringChongqing University Chongqing 400030 China
| | - Yu Lan
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational ChemistrySchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringChongqing University Chongqing 400030 China
- College of Chemistryand Institute of Green CatalysisZhengzhou University Zhengzhou Henan 450001 China
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Acharjee N. Unravelling the regio- and stereoselective synthesis of bicyclic N,O-nucleoside analogues within the molecular electron density theory perspective. Struct Chem 2020; 31:2147-2160. [PMID: 32837116 PMCID: PMC7315015 DOI: 10.1007/s11224-020-01569-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The [3 + 2] cycloaddition (32CA) reactions of 1-pyrroline-1-oxide with N-vinyl nucleobases leading to bicyclic N,O nucleoside analogues have been studied within the molecular electron density theory (MEDT) at the MPWB1K/6-311G(d,p) computational level. These non-polar zwitterionic type 32CA reactions take place through a one-step mechanism with minimal global electron density transfer (GEDT) at the TSs and the exo/ortho approach mode as the energetically favoured reaction path. The 32CA reactions of N-vinyl nucleobases with thymine and cytosine substituents respectively show the activation enthalpies of 15.2 and 12.5 kcal mol−1 in toluene. The reactions are irreversible due to strong exothermic character of − 35.4–− 26.4 kcal mol−1 in toluene. The bonding evolution theory (BET) study suggests that these 32CA reactions take place through the coupling of pseudoradical centres with earlier C–C bond formation and the formation of new C–C and C–O covalent bonds has not been started in the TSs. Non-covalent interactions (NCI) are predicted at the TSs from the visualization of NCI gradient isosurfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nivedita Acharjee
- Department of Chemistry, Durgapur Government College, Paschim Bardhaman, Durgapur, West Bengal 713214 India
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36
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Kula K, Dobosz J, Jasiński R, Kącka-Zych A, Łapczuk-Krygier A, Mirosław B, Demchuk OM. [3+2] Cycloaddition of diaryldiazomethanes with (E)-3,3,3-trichloro-1-nitroprop-1-ene: An experimental, theoretical and structural study. J Mol Struct 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2019.127473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
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37
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Sangolkar AA, Pawar R. Prediction of the [4 + 2]- and [5 + 4]-cycloaddition reactions in zig-zag carbon nanotubes via an ambimodal transition state: density functional theory calculations. RSC Adv 2020; 10:11111-11120. [PMID: 35495313 PMCID: PMC9050518 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra10252c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A unique type of chemical reaction known as an ambimodal reaction has drawn tremendous attention owing to its intriguing feature of forming multiple (two or more) products from the same (single) transition state. In contrast to conventional reactions, bifurcation of the potential energy surface takes place in ambimodal reactions. Density functional theory (DFT) based calculations were performed to probe the Diels–Alder (DA) cycloaddition reactions of various carbon nanotubes (CNTs) with 1,3-butadiene. The present investigation reveals the possibility of ambimodal transition state formation on a potential energy surface (PES) corresponding to an unusual [5 + 4]-cycloadduct along with the conventional [4 + 2]-cycloadduct. The ground state of the [5 + 4]-cycloadduct obtained from butadiene and the H-terminated CNTs is a triplet (3T) state, but on the other hand the [4 + 2]-cycloadduct is a singlet (1S) state. The [5 + 4]-adduct is energetically more stable in comparison with the [4 + 2]-adduct. The possibility of the formation of the [5 + 4]-adduct is validated using frontier molecular orbitals. The length of the nanotube significantly influences the overall kinetics and thermodynamics of the reaction. A DFT study has been performed to unveil the ambimodal reaction in H-terminated CNTs.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ravinder Pawar
- Department of Chemistry
- National Institute of Technology (NIT) Warangal
- India
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38
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Yang X, Zou J, Wang Y, Xue Y, Yang S. Role of Water in the Reaction Mechanism and endo/exo Selectivity of 1,3-Dipolar Cycloadditions Elucidated by Quantum Chemistry and Machine Learning. Chemistry 2019; 25:8289-8303. [PMID: 30887586 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201900617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Asymmetric 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions of azomethine ylides with activated olefins are among the most important and versatile methods for the synthesis of enantioenriched pyrroline and pyrrolidine derivatives. Despite both theoretical and practical importance, the role of water molecules in the reactivity and endo/exo selectivity remains unclear. To explore how water accelerates the reactions and improves the endo/exo selectivity of the cycloadditions of 1,3-dipole phthalazinium-2-dicyanomethanide (1) and two dipolarophiles, an ab initio-quality neural network potential that overcomes the computational bottleneck of explicitly considering water molecules was used. It is demonstrated that not only the nature of both the dipolarophile and the 1,3-dipole, but also the solvent medium, can perturb or even alter the reaction mechanism. An extreme case was found for the reaction of 1,3-dipole 1 with methyl vinyl ketone, in which the reaction mechanism changes from a concerted to a stepwise mode on going from MeCN to H2 O as solvent, with formation of a zwitterionic intermediate that is a very shallow minimum on the energy surface. Thus, high stereocontrol can still be expected despite the stepwise nature of the mechanism. The results indicate that water can induce global polarization along the reaction coordinate and highlight the role of microsolvation effects and bulk-phase effects in reproducing the experimentally observed aqueous acceleration and enhanced endo/exo selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, P.R. China
| | - Jun Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, P.R. China
| | - Yifei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, P.R. China
| | - Ying Xue
- College of Chemistry, Key Lab of Green Chemistry and Technology in Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, P.R. China
| | - Shengyong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, P.R. China
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39
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Competition between [2 + 1]- and [4 + 1]-cycloaddition mechanisms in reactions of conjugated nitroalkenes with dichlorocarbene in the light of a DFT computational study. J Mol Model 2019; 25:157. [PMID: 31079231 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-019-4006-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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40
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Boguszewska-Czubara A, Kula K, Wnorowski A, Biernasiuk A, Popiołek Ł, Miodowski D, Demchuk OM, Jasiński R. Novel functionalized β-nitrostyrenes: Promising candidates for new antibacterial drugs. Saudi Pharm J 2019; 27:593-601. [PMID: 31061629 PMCID: PMC6488848 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2019.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A homogenous series of β-EWG functionalyzed β-nitrostyrenes was synthesized and characterized by IR, UV, 1H NMR and 13C NMR spectra. The obtained compounds were screened in vitro against a panel of the reference strains of bacteria and fungi - five of them exhibited significant antimicrobial activity against all tested reference bacteria and fungi belonging to yeasts. Cytotoxicity of the compounds towards cultured human HepG2 and HaCaT cells was established – five of them displayed similar low pattern of activity in both cells lines.
The process of searching for new antibacterial agents is more and more challenging due to the increasing drug resistance which has become a major concern in the field of infection management. Our study presents a synthesis and characterization by IR, UV, 1H NMR and 13C NMR spectra of a homogenous series of 1-EWG functionalized 2-aryl-1-nitroethenes which could prove good candidates for the replacement of traditional antibacterial drugs In vitro screening against a panel of the reference strains of bacteria and fungi and their cytotoxicity towards cultured human HepG2 and HaCaT cells was performed. Antimicrobial results indicated that four of the synthesized compounds exhibited a significant antimicrobial activity against all tested reference bacteria and fungi belonging to yeasts with a specific and strong activity towards B. subtilis ATCC 6633. Two of these compounds had no detectable cytotoxicity towards the cultured human cell lines, making them promising candidates for new antibacterial drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Karolina Kula
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Cracow University of Technology, 24 Warszawska Str., 31-155 Cracow, Poland
| | - Artur Wnorowski
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, 4A Chodźki Str., 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Anna Biernasiuk
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, 4A Chodźki Str., 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Łukasz Popiołek
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, 4A Chodźki Str., 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Dawid Miodowski
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Cracow University of Technology, 24 Warszawska Str., 31-155 Cracow, Poland
| | - Oleg M Demchuk
- Pharmaceutical Research Institute, 8 Rydygiera Str., 01-793 Warsaw, Poland.,Department of Chemistry UMCS, 2 M. Curie-Skłodowska Sq., 20-031 Lublin, Poland
| | - Radomir Jasiński
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Cracow University of Technology, 24 Warszawska Str., 31-155 Cracow, Poland
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41
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Nikoofar K, Peyrovebaghi SS. 1-Butyl-2-methylpipyridinium iodide ([BMPPY]I): novel ionic liquid for the synthesis of 6-hydroxy-6-(1H-indol-3-yl)indolo[2,1-b]quinazolin-12(6H)-ones under green solvent-free conditions. RESEARCH ON CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11164-019-03831-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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42
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Afshari T, Mohsennia M. A molecular electron density theory study of Diels‐Alder reaction between Danishefsky's diene and (2E)‐3‐phenyl‐2‐(trifluoromethyl) acrylonitrile. J PHYS ORG CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/poc.3937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tooba Afshari
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Kashan Kashan Iran
| | - Mohsen Mohsennia
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Kashan Kashan Iran
- Institute of Nanoscience and NanotechnologyUniversity of Kashan Kashan Iran
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43
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de Andrade Danin Barbosa G, de Aguiar AP, de Carvalho EM, da Rocha Nogueira JM. Synthesis of 3-furanyl-4,5-dihydroisoxazole Derivatives via Cycloaddition and their Antibacterial Evaluation. LETT DRUG DES DISCOV 2019. [DOI: 10.2174/1570180815666180627115606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Background: Antimicrobial resistance is a major threat to human health. So this manuscript
describes the synthesis of five different 3,5-disubstituted 4,5-dihydroisoxazoles with antimicrobial
activity.
</P><P>
Methods: They were obtained from nitrile oxide cycloaddition derived from 2-furaldehyde and 5-
nitro-2-furaldehyde to different dipolarophiles (acrylamide, ethyl acrylate and styrene). All heterocycles
were isolated (30-50 %) and characterized by FTIR, MS, 1H and 13C NMR, as they were also
evaluated against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.
</P><P>
Results and Conclusion: All products showed bioactivity against all bacteria, however, the heterocycle
3-(5-nitro-2-furanyl)-5-carboxylamide-4,5-dihydroisoxazole (6b) presented the lowest value
for the minimum inhibition concentration (MIC - 14 µg/mL).
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44
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Dresler E, Kącka-Zych A, Kwiatkowska M, Jasiński R. Regioselectivity, stereoselectivity, and molecular mechanism of [3 + 2] cycloaddition reactions between 2-methyl-1-nitroprop-1-ene and (Z)-C-aryl-N-phenylnitrones: a DFT computational study. J Mol Model 2018; 24:329. [DOI: 10.1007/s00894-018-3861-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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45
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Mirosław B, Babyuk D, Łapczuk-Krygier A, Kącka-Zych A, Demchuk OM, Jasiński R. Regiospecific formation of the nitromethyl-substituted 3-phenyl-4,5-dihydroisoxazole via [3 + 2] cycloaddition. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 2018; 149:1877-1884. [PMID: 30237620 PMCID: PMC6133101 DOI: 10.1007/s00706-018-2227-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/13/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT 5-(Nitromethyl)-3-phenyl-4,5-dihydroisoxazole was obtained as a product of a high-yielding [3 + 2] cycloaddition reaction of in situ-generated benzonitrile N-oxide and 3-nitroprop-1-ene. For the first time, the regiochemistry of this reaction was unambiguously proven by X-ray structural analysis. The quantum-chemical calculation performed at the M06-2X/6-31G(d) (PCM) theoretical level affords a basis for explaining the course of reaction as well as the nature of transition states. Next, further DFT calculations together with spectral data shed light on structural aspects of the product. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Mirosław
- Department of Crystallography, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Maria Curie-Sklodowska St 3, 20-031 Lublin, Poland
| | - Dmytro Babyuk
- Institute of Biology, Chemistry and Bioresources, Chernivtsi National University, 2 Kotsyubynski Str., Chernivtsi, 58012 Ukraine
| | - Agnieszka Łapczuk-Krygier
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Cracow University of Technology, Warszawska St. 24, 31-155 Kraków, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Kącka-Zych
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Cracow University of Technology, Warszawska St. 24, 31-155 Kraków, Poland
| | - Oleg M. Demchuk
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Gliniana St 33, 20-031 Lublin, Poland
| | - Radomir Jasiński
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Cracow University of Technology, Warszawska St. 24, 31-155 Kraków, Poland
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46
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The concern of emergence of multi-station reaction pathways that might make stepwise the mechanism of the 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions of azides and alkynes. J Mol Struct 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2017.10.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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47
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Domingo LR, Ríos-Gutiérrez M, Pérez P. A Molecular Electron Density Theory Study of the Reactivity and Selectivities in [3 + 2] Cycloaddition Reactions of C,N-Dialkyl Nitrones with Ethylene Derivatives. J Org Chem 2018; 83:2182-2197. [PMID: 29350934 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b03093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The zw-type [3 + 2] cycloaddition (32CA) reactions of C,N-dialkyl nitrones with a series of ethylenes of increased electrophilic character have been studied within the Molecular Electron Density Theory (MEDT) at the MPWB1K/6-311G(d,p) computational level. Both, reactivity and selectivities are rationalized depending on the polar character of the reaction. Due to the strong nucleophilic character of C,N-dialkyl nitrones, the corresponding zw-type 32CA reactions are accelerated with the increased electrophilic character of the ethylene, which also plays a crucial role in the reaction mechanism, thus determining the regio- and stereoselectivities experimentally observed. While, in the 32CA reactions with nucleophilic ethylenes, the reaction begins with the formation of the C-C single bond, determining the ortho regioselectivity, in the 32CA reactions with strong electrophilic ethylenes, the reaction begins with the formation of the C-O single bond involving the β-conjugated carbon of the ethylene, determining the meta regioselectivity. The present MEDT study also provides an explanation for the unexpected ortho regioselectivity experimentally found in the 32CA reactions involving weak electrophilic ethylenes such as ethyl acrylate and acrylonitrile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis R Domingo
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Valencia , Dr. Moliner 50, E-46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - Mar Ríos-Gutiérrez
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Valencia , Dr. Moliner 50, E-46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - Patricia Pérez
- Universidad Andres Bello , Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Departamento de Ciencias Químicas, Av. República 498, 8370146, Santiago, Chile
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48
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Jasiński R. Competition between one-step and two-step mechanism in polar [3 + 2] cycloadditions of (Z)-C-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)-N-methyl-nitrone with (Z)-2-EWG-1-bromo-1-nitroethenes. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2018.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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49
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Jasiński R. β-Trifluoromethylated nitroethenes in Diels-Alder reaction with cyclopentadiene: A DFT computational study. J Fluor Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluchem.2017.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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50
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Kącka A, Jasiński R. Triethylsulfonium and triethylphosphonium cations as novel catalysts for the decomposition process of nitroethyl benzoates. PHOSPHORUS SULFUR 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/10426507.2017.1290626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Kącka
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Cracow University of Technology, Cracow, Poland
| | - Radomir Jasiński
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Cracow University of Technology, Cracow, Poland
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