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Dillshad V, Khan MA, Nazir M, Saidani O, Alturki N, Kadry S. D2LFS2Net: Multi‐class skin lesion diagnosis using deep learning and variance‐controlled Marine Predator optimisation: An application for precision medicine. CAAI TRANSACTIONS ON INTELLIGENCE TECHNOLOGY 2023. [DOI: 10.1049/cit2.12267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2024] Open
Abstract
AbstractIn computer vision applications like surveillance and remote sensing, to mention a few, deep learning has had considerable success. Medical imaging still faces a number of difficulties, including intra‐class similarity, a scarcity of training data, and poor contrast skin lesions, notably in the case of skin cancer. An optimisation‐aided deep learning‐based system is proposed for accurate multi‐class skin lesion identification. The sequential procedures of the proposed system start with preprocessing and end with categorisation. The preprocessing step is where a hybrid contrast enhancement technique is initially proposed for lesion identification with healthy regions. Instead of flipping and rotating data, the outputs from the middle phases of the hybrid enhanced technique are employed for data augmentation in the next step. Next, two pre‐trained deep learning models, MobileNetV2 and NasNet Mobile, are trained using deep transfer learning on the upgraded enriched dataset. Later, a dual‐threshold serial approach is employed to obtain and combine the features of both models. The next step was the variance‐controlled Marine Predator methodology, which the authors proposed as a superior optimisation method. The top features from the fused feature vector are classified using machine learning classifiers. The experimental strategy provided enhanced accuracy of 94.4% using the publicly available dataset HAM10000. Additionally, the proposed framework is evaluated compared to current approaches, with remarkable results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veena Dillshad
- Department of Computer Science HITEC University Taxila Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Attique Khan
- Department of Computer Science HITEC University Taxila Pakistan
- Department of Computer Science and Mathematics Lebanese American University Beirut Lebanon
| | - Muhammad Nazir
- Department of Computer Science HITEC University Taxila Pakistan
| | - Oumaima Saidani
- Department of Information Systems, College of Computer and Information Sciences Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University P.O. Box 84428 Riyadh 11671 Saudi Arabia
| | - Nazik Alturki
- Department of Information Systems, College of Computer and Information Sciences Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University P.O. Box 84428 Riyadh 11671 Saudi Arabia
| | - Seifedine Kadry
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Lebanese American University Byblos Lebanon
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Microbiota, Oxidative Stress, and Skin Cancer: An Unexpected Triangle. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12030546. [PMID: 36978794 PMCID: PMC10045429 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12030546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Mounting evidence indicates that the microbiota, the unique combination of micro-organisms residing in a specific environment, plays an essential role in the development of a wide range of human diseases, including skin cancer. Moreover, a persistent imbalance of microbial community, named dysbiosis, can also be associated with oxidative stress, a well-known emerging force involved in the pathogenesis of several human diseases, including cutaneous malignancies. Although their interplay has been somewhat suggested, the connection between microbiota, oxidative stress, and skin cancer is a largely unexplored field. In the present review, we discuss the current knowledge on these topics, suggesting potential therapeutic strategies.
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Mu J, Ma H, Chen H, Zhang X, Ye M. Luteolin Prevents UVB-Induced Skin Photoaging Damage by Modulating SIRT3/ROS/MAPK Signaling: An in vitro and in vivo Studies. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:728261. [PMID: 34526903 PMCID: PMC8436182 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.728261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the role of luteolin in the mechanism of ultraviolet radiation B (UVB)-induced photoaging. An in vivo photoaging model was established using UVB irradiation of bare skin on the back of rats, and an in vitro photoaging model was established using UVB irradiation of human dermal fibroblasts (HDF). Skin damage was observed using hematoxylin-eosin (HE) and Masson staining, skin and cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were detected by DHE and DCF fluorescent probes, mitochondrial membrane potential was detected by JC-1 staining, and protein expressions were detected by immunofluorescence and Western Blot. Results from animal experiments showed that luteolin reduced UVB-induced erythema and wrinkle formation. Results from cellular assays showed that luteolin inhibited UVB-induced decrease in cell viability. In addition, in vitro and in vivo experiments showed that luteolin reduced oxidative stress levels, decreased activation of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and increased collagen expression. Continued cellular experiments using 3-TYP, an inhibitor of Sirtuin 3 (SIRT3), revealed a loss of cellular protection by luteolin and a decrease in collagen, suggesting that luteolin acts by targeting and promoting SIRT3. luteolin is involved in the protection of skin cells against UVB radiation-induced ageing via the SIRT3/ROS/mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) axis and it may be a promising therapeutic agent for the prevention of UVB photoaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Mu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Huisheng Ma
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Hong Chen
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Xiaoxia Zhang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Mengyi Ye
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
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Abstract
The skin is a passive and active barrier which protects the body from the environment. Its health is essential for the accomplishment of this role. Since several decades, the skin has aroused a strong interest in various fields (for e.g. cell biology, medicine, toxicology, cosmetology, and pharmacology). In contrast to other organs, 3D models were mostly and directly elaborated in humans due to its architectural simplicity and easy accessibility. The development of these models benefited from the societal pressure to reduce animal experiments. In this review, we first describe human and mouse skin structure and the major differences with other mammals and birds. Next, we describe the different 3D human skin models and their main applications. Finally, we review the available models for domestic animals and discuss the current and potential applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Souci
- ISP, INRAE, Université de Tours, Equipe BioVA, Centre Val de Loire, 37380, Nouzilly, France
| | - Caroline Denesvre
- ISP, INRAE, Université de Tours, Equipe BioVA, Centre Val de Loire, 37380, Nouzilly, France.
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Khalil C, Chahine JB, Haykal T, Al Hageh C, Rizk S, Khnayzer RS. E-cigarette aerosol induced cytotoxicity, DNA damages and late apoptosis in dynamically exposed A549 cells. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 263:127874. [PMID: 33297006 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the acute toxicological impacts associated with electronic cigarettes consumption were determined using a novel dynamic exposure methodology. The methodology was deployed to test various e-cigarette generated aerosols in A549 cell cultures. The e-liquid chemical profiling was achieved using GC-MS analysis while toxicity of diluted e-liquids aerosols was reported using numerous cytotoxicity assays. The presented findings pointed to acute aerosol exposure (thirty puffs at 40 W of power and higher) inducing significant cytotoxic, genotoxic, and apoptotic induction in exposed cells. These findings highlighted the significant risks posed by e-cigarette usage. The proposed methodology proved to be a useful tool for future screening of e-liquids generated aerosols toxicity. Future research is needed to establish the chronic toxicity resulting from long-term e-cigarette consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Khalil
- School of Arts and Sciences, Department of Natural Sciences, Lebanese American University (LAU), Byblos, Lebanon; Department of Natural Sciences, Lebanese American University, Chouran, Beirut, 1102-2801, Lebanon.
| | - Joe Braham Chahine
- School of Arts and Sciences, Department of Natural Sciences, Lebanese American University (LAU), Byblos, Lebanon
| | - Tony Haykal
- School of Arts and Sciences, Department of Natural Sciences, Lebanese American University (LAU), Byblos, Lebanon
| | - Cynthia Al Hageh
- School of Arts and Sciences, Department of Natural Sciences, Lebanese American University (LAU), Byblos, Lebanon
| | - Sandra Rizk
- School of Arts and Sciences, Department of Natural Sciences, Lebanese American University (LAU), Byblos, Lebanon
| | - Rony S Khnayzer
- Department of Natural Sciences, Lebanese American University, Chouran, Beirut, 1102-2801, Lebanon
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Active neutrophil responses counteract Candida albicans burn wound infection of ex vivo human skin explants. Sci Rep 2020; 10:21818. [PMID: 33311597 PMCID: PMC7732850 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-78387-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Burn wounds are highly susceptible sites for colonization and infection by bacteria and fungi. Large wound surface, impaired local immunity, and broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy support growth of opportunistic fungi such as Candida albicans, which may lead to invasive candidiasis. Currently, it remains unknown whether depressed host defenses or fungal virulence drive the progression of burn wound candidiasis. Here we established an ex vivo burn wound model, where wounds were inflicted by applying preheated soldering iron to human skin explants, resulting in highly reproducible deep second-degree burn wounds. Eschar removal by debridement allowed for deeper C. albicans penetration into the burned tissue associated with prominent filamentation. Active migration of resident tissue neutrophils towards the damaged tissue and release of pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1β accompanied the burn. The neutrophil recruitment was further increased upon supplementation of the model with fresh immune cells. Wound area and depth decreased over time, indicating healing of the damaged tissue. Importantly, prominent neutrophil presence at the infected site correlated to the limited penetration of C. albicans into the burned tissue. Altogether, we established a reproducible burn wound model of candidiasis using ex vivo human skin explants, where immune responses actively control the progression of infection and promote tissue healing.
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Plant Milking Technology-An Innovative and Sustainable Process to Produce Highly Active Extracts from Plant Roots. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25184162. [PMID: 32932881 PMCID: PMC7570732 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25184162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We have used an original technology (Plant Milking Technology) based on aeroponic cultivation of plants associated with the gentle recovery of active ingredients from roots. Extraction of bioactive molecules was achieved by soaking the roots, still attached to the living plants, into a nontoxic solvent for a 2 h period. This nondestructive recovery process allows using the same root biomass for successive harvesting dates, in a recyclable way. We have applied this technology to Morus alba L. (mulberry tree), an emblematic tree of the Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM). Trees were aeroponically grown in large-scale devices (100 m2) and were submitted to nitrogen deprivation to increase the content in active molecules (prenylated flavonoids). The Plant Milking technology applied to Morus alba L. allowed to produce an extract enriched in prenylated compounds (18-fold increase when compared to commercial root extract). Prenylated flavonoids (moracenin A and B, kuwanon C, wittiorumin F, morusin) presented a high affinity for the aged-associated collagenase enzyme, which was confirmed by activity inhibition. In accordance, M. alba extract presents efficient properties to regulate the skin matrisome, which is critical during skin aging. The benefits have been especially confirmed in vivo on wrinkle reduction, in a clinical study that involved aged women. Plant Milking technology is an optimal solution to produce active ingredients from plant roots, including trees, that meet both customer expectations around sustainability, as well as the need for an efficient production system for biotechnologists.
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Abi-Gerges A, Dagher-Hamalian C, Abou-Khalil P, Chahine JB, Hachem P, Khalil C. Evaluation of waterpipe smoke toxicity in C57BL/6 mice model. Pulm Pharmacol Ther 2020; 63:101940. [PMID: 32889155 DOI: 10.1016/j.pupt.2020.101940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Waterpipe smoking is a popular pastime worldwide with statistics pointing to an alarming increase in consumption. In the current paper, the evaluation of sub-chronic waterpipe smoke exposure was undertaken using C57BL/6 female mice using a dynamic exposure setting to emulate smoke exposure. Mice were daily subjected to either one (single exposure, SE) or two sessions (double exposure, DE) of waterpipe-generated smoke (two-apple flavor) for a period of two months. Although lungs histopathological examination pointed to a minor inflammation in smoke-exposed mice compared to control air-exposed (CON) group, the lung weights of the waterpipe-exposed mice were significantly higher (+72% in SE and +39% in DE) (p < 0.01) when compared to CON group. Moreover, changes in the protein expression of several proteins such as iNOS and JNK were noted in the lungs of smoke-exposed mice. However, no changes in p38 and EGFR protein levels were noted between the three groups of mice. Our results mainly showed a significant increase in urea serum levels (+28%) in SE mice along with renal pathological damage in both SE and DE mice compared to CON. Additionally, severe significant DNA damages (p < 0.05) were reported in the lungs, kidneys, bone marrow and liver of waterpipe-exposed animals, using MTS and COMET assays. These findings highlighted the significant risks posed by sub-chronic waterpipe smoke exposure in the selected animal model and the pressing need for future better management of waterpipe indoor consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aniella Abi-Gerges
- Gilbert and Rose-Marie Chagoury School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon
| | - Carole Dagher-Hamalian
- Gilbert and Rose-Marie Chagoury School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon
| | - Pamela Abou-Khalil
- Gilbert and Rose-Marie Chagoury School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon
| | - Joe Braham Chahine
- School of Arts and Sciences, Department of Natural Sciences, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon
| | - Pia Hachem
- Gilbert and Rose-Marie Chagoury School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon
| | - Christian Khalil
- School of Arts and Sciences, Department of Natural Sciences, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon.
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Bechnak L, Khalil C, Kurdi RE, Khnayzer RS, Patra D. Curcumin encapsulated colloidal amphiphilic block co-polymeric nanocapsules: colloidal nanocapsules enhance photodynamic and anticancer activities of curcumin. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2020; 19:1088-1098. [PMID: 32638825 DOI: 10.1039/d0pp00032a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Curcumin-based novel colloidal nanocapsules were prepared from amphiphilic poly(ethylene oxide)-block-poly(propylene oxide)-block-poly(ethylene oxide) (F108). These colloidal nanocapsules appeared as spherical particles with size ranging between 270 and 310 nm. Curcumin fluorescence spectra exhibited an aggregation-induced 23 nm red-shift of the emission maximum in addition to the enhancement of the fluorescence quantum yield in these nanocapsules. The cytotoxicity of curcumin and colloidal nanocapsules was assessed using human derived immortalized cell lines (A549 and A375 cells) in the presence and absence of light irradiation. The nanocapsules exhibited a >30-fold decrease in IC50, suggesting enhanced anticancer activity associated with curcumin encapsulation. Higher toxicity was also reported in the presence of light irradiation (as shown by the IC50 data), indicating their potential for future application in photodynamic therapy. Finally, A375 cells treated with curcumin and the nanocapsules showed a significant increase in single- and/or double-strand DNA breaks upon exposure to light, indicating promising biological effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Bechnak
- Department of Chemistry, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Christian Khalil
- Department of Natural Sciences, Lebanese American University, 13-5053, 1102-2801, Chouran, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Riham El Kurdi
- Department of Chemistry, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Rony S Khnayzer
- Department of Natural Sciences, Lebanese American University, 13-5053, 1102-2801, Chouran, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Digambara Patra
- Department of Chemistry, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.
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Khalil C, Chahine JB, Chahla B, Hobeika T, Khnayzer RS. Characterization and cytotoxicity assessment of nargile smoke using dynamic exposure. Inhal Toxicol 2019; 31:343-356. [DOI: 10.1080/08958378.2019.1683104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Khalil
- Department of Natural Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon
- Institute of Environmental Studies, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, Australia
| | - Joe Braham Chahine
- Department of Natural Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon
| | - Brenda Chahla
- Department of Natural Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon
| | - Tamara Hobeika
- Department of Natural Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon
| | - Rony S. Khnayzer
- Department of Natural Sciences, Lebanese American University, Chouran, Beirut, Lebanon
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11
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Corzo-León DE, Munro CA, MacCallum DM. An ex vivo Human Skin Model to Study Superficial Fungal Infections. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:1172. [PMID: 31231322 PMCID: PMC6560176 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Human skin fungal infections (SFIs) affect 25% of the world's population. Most of these infections are superficial. The main limitation of current animal models of human superficial SFIs is that clinical presentation is different between the different species and animal models do not accurately reflect the human skin environment. An ex vivo human skin model was therefore developed and standardised to accurately model SFIs. In this manuscript, we report our protocol for setting up ex vivo human skin infections and report results from a primary superficial skin infection with Trichophyton rubrum, an anthropophilic fungus. The protocol includes a detailed description of the methodology to prepare the skin explants, establish infection, avoid contamination, and obtain high quality samples for further downstream analyses. Scanning electronic microscopy (SEM), histology and fluorescent microscopy were applied to evaluate skin cell viability and fungal morphology. Furthermore, we describe a broad range of assays, such as RNA extraction and qRT-PCR for human gene expression, and protein extraction from tissue and supernatants for proteomic analysis by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Non-infected skin was viable after 14 days of incubation, expressed genes and contained proteins associated with proliferative, immune and differentiation functions. The macroscopic damage caused by T. rubrum had a similar appearance to the one expected in clinical settings. Finally, using this model, the host response to T. rubrum infection can be evaluated at different levels.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Donna M. MacCallum
- MRC Centre for Medical Mycology at the University of Aberdeen, Institute of Medical Sciences, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
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