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Bui AT, Houari S, Loiodice S, Bazin D, Sadoine J, Roubier N, Vennat E, Tran TT, Berdal A, Ricort JM, Mhaouty-Kodja S, Babajko S. Use of Dental Defects Associated with Low-Dose di(2-Ethylhexyl)Phthalate as an Early Marker of Exposure to Environmental Toxicants. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2022; 130:67003. [PMID: 35730944 PMCID: PMC9215264 DOI: 10.1289/ehp10208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Markers of exposure to environmental toxicants are urgently needed. Tooth enamel, with its unique properties, is able to record certain environmental conditions during its formation. Enamel formation and quality are dependent on hormonal regulation and environmental conditions, including exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs). Among EDCs, phthalates such as di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) raise concerns about their contribution to various pathologies, including those of mineralized tissues. OBJECTIVES The effects of exposure to low-doses of DEHP on the continually growing incisors were analyzed in mouse males and females. METHODS Adult male and female C57BL/6J mice were exposed daily to 0.5, 5, and 50μg/kg per day DEHP for 12 wk and their incisors clinically examined. Incisors of males were further analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), micro X-ray computed tomography (micro-computed tomography; μCT), and nanoindentation for the enamel, histology and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) for the dental epithelium. RESULTS Clinical macroscopic observations of incisors showed various dose-dependent dental lesions such as opacities, scratches, and enamel breakdown in 30.5% of males (10 of 34 total incisors across three independent experiments), and 15.6% of females (7 of 46 incisors) at the highest dose, among which 18.1% (6 of 34 total incisors across three independent experiments) and 8.9% (4 of 46 incisors), respectively, had broken incisors. SEM showed an altered enamel surface and ultrastructure in DEHP-exposed male mice. Further characterization of the enamel defects in males by μCT showed a lower mineral density than controls, and nanoindentation showed a lower enamel hardness during all stages of enamel mineralization, with more pronounced alterations in the external part of the enamel. A delay in enamel mineralization was shown by several approaches (μCT, histology, and RT-qPCR). DISCUSSION We conclude that DEHP disrupted enamel development in mice by directly acting on dental cells with higher prevalence and severity in males than in females. The time window of DEHP effects on mouse tooth development led to typical alterations of structural, biochemical, and mechanical properties of enamel comparable to other EDCs, such as bisphenol A. The future characterization of dental defects in humans and animals due to environmental toxicants might be helpful in proposing them as early markers of exposure to such molecules. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP10208.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai Thu Bui
- Laboratory of Molecular Oral Pathophysiology, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale Unité mixte de recherche 1138 (Inserm UMRS 1138), Université Paris Cité, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Sophia Houari
- Laboratory of Molecular Oral Pathophysiology, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale Unité mixte de recherche 1138 (Inserm UMRS 1138), Université Paris Cité, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
- Department of Oral Biology, Dental Faculty, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Sophia Loiodice
- Laboratory of Molecular Oral Pathophysiology, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale Unité mixte de recherche 1138 (Inserm UMRS 1138), Université Paris Cité, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
- Department of Oral Biology, Dental Faculty, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Dominique Bazin
- Laboratory of Chemistry and Physics, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - Jérémy Sadoine
- EA 2496 Laboratory of Orofacial Pathologies, Imaging and Biotherapies, Dental School, Université Paris Cité, Montrouge, France
| | - Nicolas Roubier
- Laboratory of Mechanics of Soils, Structures and Materials, Le Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS), Centrale-Supélec, Université Paris-Saclay, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Elsa Vennat
- Institut Curie, Inserm U1196, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - Thu Thuy Tran
- Faculty of Odonto-Stomatology, Ho Chi Minh University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Ariane Berdal
- Laboratory of Molecular Oral Pathophysiology, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale Unité mixte de recherche 1138 (Inserm UMRS 1138), Université Paris Cité, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
- Department of Oral Biology, Dental Faculty, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Marc Ricort
- Laboratory of Molecular Oral Pathophysiology, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale Unité mixte de recherche 1138 (Inserm UMRS 1138), Université Paris Cité, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Sakina Mhaouty-Kodja
- Neuroscience Paris Seine–Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine, CNRS, Inserm, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Sylvie Babajko
- Laboratory of Molecular Oral Pathophysiology, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale Unité mixte de recherche 1138 (Inserm UMRS 1138), Université Paris Cité, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
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Wang SY, Wang MQ, Yang EQ, Chen XM, Pan FG. Review on Occurrence, Sources of Contamination, and Mitigation Strategies of Phthalates in Vegetable Oils. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.202100086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Su Yin. Wang
- Laboratory of Nutrition and Functional Food, College of Food Science and Engineering Jilin University Changchun 130062 PR China
| | - Man Qiu. Wang
- Laboratory of Nutrition and Functional Food, College of Food Science and Engineering Jilin University Changchun 130062 PR China
| | - En Qi Yang
- Laboratory of Nutrition and Functional Food, College of Food Science and Engineering Jilin University Changchun 130062 PR China
| | - Xian Mao. Chen
- Laboratory of Nutrition and Functional Food, College of Food Science and Engineering Jilin University Changchun 130062 PR China
| | - Feng Guang. Pan
- Laboratory of Nutrition and Functional Food, College of Food Science and Engineering Jilin University Changchun 130062 PR China
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Discovery of Novel UV-Filters with Favorable Safety Profiles in the 5-Arylideneimidazolidine-2,4-dione Derivatives Group. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24122321. [PMID: 31238526 PMCID: PMC6630718 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24122321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Revised: 06/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Effective protection from the harmful effects of UV radiation may be achieved by using sunscreens containing organic or inorganic UV filters. The number of currently available UV filters is limited and some of the allowed molecules possess limitations such as systemic absorption, endocrine disruption properties, contact and photocontact allergy induction, and low photostability. In the search for new organic UV filters we designed and synthesized a series consisting of 5-benzylidene and 5-(3-phenylprop-2-en-1-ylidene)imidazolidine-2,4-dione (hydantoin) derivatives. The photoprotective activity of the tested compounds was confirmed in methanol solutions and macrogol formulations. The most promising compounds possessed similar UV protection parameter values as selected commercially available UV filters. The compound diethyl 2,2'-((Z)-4-((E)-3-(4-methoxyphenyl)allylidene)-2,5-dioxoimidazolidine-1,3-diyl)diacetate (4g) was characterized as an especially efficient UVA photoprotective agent with a UVA PF of 6.83 ± 0.05 and favorable photostability. Diethyl 2,2'-((Z)-4-(4-methoxybenzylidene)-2,5-dioxo- imidazolidine-1,3-diyl)diacetate (3b) was the most promising UVB-filter, with a SPFin vitro of 3.07 ± 0.04 and very good solubility and photostability. The main photodegradation products were geometric isomers of the parent compounds. These compounds were also shown to be non-cytotoxic at concentrations up to 50 µM when tested on three types of human skin cells and possess no estrogenic activity, according to the results of a MCF-7 breast cancer model.
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Iwata H, Goto M, Sakai N, Suemizu H, Yamazaki H. Predictability of human pharmacokinetics of diisononyl phthalate (DINP) using chimeric mice with humanized liver. Xenobiotica 2018; 49:1311-1322. [PMID: 30589368 DOI: 10.1080/00498254.2018.1564087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
1. In order to investigate the pharmacokinetics of diisononyl phthalate (DINP) in humans, we administered [phenyl-U-14C]DINP at a dose of 50.0 mg/kg orally to chimeric mice (humanized-liver mice) in which the liver of TK-NOG mice (control mice) was replaced with human hepatocytes. 2. The plasma radioactivity concentrations peaked (18.0 and 59.9 µg equivalent of DINP/mL, respectively) at 2 h after administration in control and humanized-liver mice. Concentrations rose again at 8 h in controls, but not in humanized-liver mice. 3. The cumulative excretion rates in urine and feces, respectively, were 58.1% and 37.3% of the doses in controls up to 48 h, but were 86.0% and 7.7% in humanized-liver mice. 4. The main circulating metabolites in control and humanized-liver mice were monoisononyl phthalate (MINP) and the glucuronide of oxidized MINP, respectively. The urinary excretion ratio of the glucuronide of oxidized MINP in control mice was one-third of that in humanized-liver mice. 5. The present results suggested that the oxidation rates of the primary metabolite of DINP and their excretion routes to urine/feces were different for control and humanized-liver mice. Species differences in liver activities could be a determinant factor in the in vivo metabolism and disposition of diallyl phthalates such as DINP.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Hiroshi Suemizu
- b Central Institute for Experimental Animals , Kawasaki , Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yamazaki
- c Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Showa Pharmaceutical University , Machida , Japan
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