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Liu S, Hua L, Mo X, Lei B, Zhang R, Zhou S, Jiang X, Fang Z, Feng B, Che L, Xu S, Lin Y, Wu D, Zhuo Y, Jin C. Comparative Impact of Alternate-Day Fasting and Time-Restricted Feeding on Placental Function and Fetal Development in Maternal Obesity. Nutrients 2024; 17:25. [PMID: 39796458 PMCID: PMC11723168 DOI: 10.3390/nu17010025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2024] [Revised: 12/13/2024] [Accepted: 12/23/2024] [Indexed: 01/13/2025] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maternal obesity detrimentally affects placental function and fetal development. Both alternate-day fasting (ADF) and time-restricted feeding (TRF) are dietary interventions that can improve metabolic health, yet their comparative effects on placental function and fetal development remain unexplored. OBJECTIVES This study aims to investigate the effects of ADF and TRF on placental function and fetal development during maternal consumption of a high-fat diet (HFD). METHODS One hundred 8-week-old female mice were assigned to one of four dietary regimens: (1) normal diet with ad libitum feeding (NA); (2) HFD with ad libitum feeding (HA); (3) HFD with ADF (HI); and (4) HFD with TRF (HT), administered both before and during pregnancy. On gestational day 18.5, serum and placental samples were collected from both mothers and fetuses to examine placental function and fetal development. RESULTS During gestation, both ADF and TRF substantially alleviated the metabolic impairments caused by an HFD in obese maternal mice. TRF mice demonstrated enhanced placental nutrient transport and fetal development, associated with reduced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and inflammatory responses. In contrast, ADF markedly intensified placental stress and inflammatory responses, diminished placental nutrient transport efficiency, and consequently induced fetal growth restriction. CONCLUSIONS Both ADF and TRF during pregnancy significantly mitigated metabolic impairments in obese dams on an HFD. TRF mice demonstrated enhanced placental nutrient transport and fetal development, associated with reduced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and inflammatory responses. In contrast, ADF markedly intensified placental stress and inflammatory responses, diminished placental nutrient transport efficiency, and consequently induced fetal growth restriction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyuan Liu
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (S.L.); (L.H.); (X.M.); (B.L.); (R.Z.); (S.Z.); (X.J.); (Z.F.); (B.F.); (L.C.); (S.X.); (Y.L.); (D.W.); (Y.Z.)
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Sichuan Province, The Ministry of Education of China, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Lun Hua
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (S.L.); (L.H.); (X.M.); (B.L.); (R.Z.); (S.Z.); (X.J.); (Z.F.); (B.F.); (L.C.); (S.X.); (Y.L.); (D.W.); (Y.Z.)
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Sichuan Province, The Ministry of Education of China, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xi Mo
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (S.L.); (L.H.); (X.M.); (B.L.); (R.Z.); (S.Z.); (X.J.); (Z.F.); (B.F.); (L.C.); (S.X.); (Y.L.); (D.W.); (Y.Z.)
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Sichuan Province, The Ministry of Education of China, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Bing Lei
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (S.L.); (L.H.); (X.M.); (B.L.); (R.Z.); (S.Z.); (X.J.); (Z.F.); (B.F.); (L.C.); (S.X.); (Y.L.); (D.W.); (Y.Z.)
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Sichuan Province, The Ministry of Education of China, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Ruihao Zhang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (S.L.); (L.H.); (X.M.); (B.L.); (R.Z.); (S.Z.); (X.J.); (Z.F.); (B.F.); (L.C.); (S.X.); (Y.L.); (D.W.); (Y.Z.)
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Sichuan Province, The Ministry of Education of China, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Shihao Zhou
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (S.L.); (L.H.); (X.M.); (B.L.); (R.Z.); (S.Z.); (X.J.); (Z.F.); (B.F.); (L.C.); (S.X.); (Y.L.); (D.W.); (Y.Z.)
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Sichuan Province, The Ministry of Education of China, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xuemei Jiang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (S.L.); (L.H.); (X.M.); (B.L.); (R.Z.); (S.Z.); (X.J.); (Z.F.); (B.F.); (L.C.); (S.X.); (Y.L.); (D.W.); (Y.Z.)
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Sichuan Province, The Ministry of Education of China, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Zhengfeng Fang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (S.L.); (L.H.); (X.M.); (B.L.); (R.Z.); (S.Z.); (X.J.); (Z.F.); (B.F.); (L.C.); (S.X.); (Y.L.); (D.W.); (Y.Z.)
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Sichuan Province, The Ministry of Education of China, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Bin Feng
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (S.L.); (L.H.); (X.M.); (B.L.); (R.Z.); (S.Z.); (X.J.); (Z.F.); (B.F.); (L.C.); (S.X.); (Y.L.); (D.W.); (Y.Z.)
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Sichuan Province, The Ministry of Education of China, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Lianqiang Che
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (S.L.); (L.H.); (X.M.); (B.L.); (R.Z.); (S.Z.); (X.J.); (Z.F.); (B.F.); (L.C.); (S.X.); (Y.L.); (D.W.); (Y.Z.)
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Sichuan Province, The Ministry of Education of China, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Shengyu Xu
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (S.L.); (L.H.); (X.M.); (B.L.); (R.Z.); (S.Z.); (X.J.); (Z.F.); (B.F.); (L.C.); (S.X.); (Y.L.); (D.W.); (Y.Z.)
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Sichuan Province, The Ministry of Education of China, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yan Lin
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (S.L.); (L.H.); (X.M.); (B.L.); (R.Z.); (S.Z.); (X.J.); (Z.F.); (B.F.); (L.C.); (S.X.); (Y.L.); (D.W.); (Y.Z.)
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Sichuan Province, The Ministry of Education of China, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - De Wu
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (S.L.); (L.H.); (X.M.); (B.L.); (R.Z.); (S.Z.); (X.J.); (Z.F.); (B.F.); (L.C.); (S.X.); (Y.L.); (D.W.); (Y.Z.)
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Sichuan Province, The Ministry of Education of China, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yong Zhuo
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (S.L.); (L.H.); (X.M.); (B.L.); (R.Z.); (S.Z.); (X.J.); (Z.F.); (B.F.); (L.C.); (S.X.); (Y.L.); (D.W.); (Y.Z.)
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Sichuan Province, The Ministry of Education of China, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Chao Jin
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (S.L.); (L.H.); (X.M.); (B.L.); (R.Z.); (S.Z.); (X.J.); (Z.F.); (B.F.); (L.C.); (S.X.); (Y.L.); (D.W.); (Y.Z.)
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Sichuan Province, The Ministry of Education of China, Chengdu 611130, China
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Huang L, Li Y, Tang R, Yang P, Zhuo Y, Jiang X, Che L, Lin Y, Xu S, Li J, Fang Z, Zhao X, Li H, Yang M, Feng B, Wu D, Hua L. Bile acids metabolism in the gut-liver axis mediates liver injury during lactation. Life Sci 2024; 338:122380. [PMID: 38142738 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.122380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
AIMS The obesity epidemic, especially in pregnant women, linked to a higher risk of liver diseases. Bile acids (BAs) are known to participate in liver metabolism, but this function during obesogenic reproductive process remains largely uncertain. The study aims to identify whether a high-fat diet (HFD) during pregnancy negatively disturbs liver metabolism and the potential role of BAs and gut microbiota (GM)in a sow model. MAIN METHODS Reproductive (RP) or non-reproductive (NRP) sows were fed a 15 % HFD containing compound oil. Body condition, blood parameters, and BAs levels/profile during gestation and lactation were monitored. The tissues and colonic GM were collected after euthanasia at the end of lactation. HepG2 hepatocytes were used to test the effects of BAs on liver damage and the mechanism. KEY FINDINGS Reproductive sows fed an HFD (HF-RP) experienced increased weight loss, and elevated plasma non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) during lactation, consistent with exacerbated lipolysis, aggravating the risk of liver damage. HF-RP sows exhibited an enlarged BAs pool size and alterations in composition (higher levels of CDCA and LCA species) along with a drastic change in the GM (increased Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio and declined Lactobacillus abundance). Furthermore, the liver FXR-SHP pathway, BAs synthesis and transport underwent adaptive regulation to sustain the BAs homeostasis and hepatic lipid metabolism. CDCA alleviated endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress induced by palmitic acid via FXR pathway, in HepG2 cells. SIGNIFICANCE Lactation BAs metabolism signal in gut-liver axis coordinated the risk of liver damage induced by exacerbated lipolysis in obesogenic pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Huang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of the Ministry of Education of China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Yingjie Li
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of the Ministry of Education of China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Rui Tang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of the Ministry of Education of China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Pu Yang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of the Ministry of Education of China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Yong Zhuo
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of the Ministry of Education of China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Xuemei Jiang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of the Ministry of Education of China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Lianqiang Che
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of the Ministry of Education of China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Yan Lin
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of the Ministry of Education of China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Shengyu Xu
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of the Ministry of Education of China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Jian Li
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of the Ministry of Education of China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Zhengfeng Fang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of the Ministry of Education of China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Xilun Zhao
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of the Ministry of Education of China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Hua Li
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of the Ministry of Education of China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Min Yang
- Pet Nutrition and Health Research Center, Chengdu Agricultural College, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Bin Feng
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of the Ministry of Education of China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - De Wu
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of the Ministry of Education of China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China.
| | - Lun Hua
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of the Ministry of Education of China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China.
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Cao Y, Yang M, Song J, Jiang X, Xu S, Che L, Fang Z, Lin Y, Jin C, Feng B, Wu D, Hua L, Zhuo Y. Dietary Protein Regulates Female Estrous Cyclicity Partially via Fibroblast Growth Factor 21. Nutrients 2023; 15:3049. [PMID: 37447375 DOI: 10.3390/nu15133049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21), a hormone predominantly released in the liver, has emerged as a critical endocrine signal of dietary protein intake, but its role in the control of estrous cyclicity by dietary protein remains uncertain. To investigated the role of FGF21 and hypothalamic changes in the regulation of estrous cyclicity by dietary protein intake, female adult Sprague-Dawley rats with normal estrous cycles were fed diets with protein contents of 4% (P4), 8% (P8), 13% (P13), 18% (P18), and 23% (P23). FGF21 liver-specific knockout or wild-type mice were fed P18 or P4 diets to examine the role of liver FGF21 in the control of estrous cyclicity. Dietary protein restriction resulted in no negative effects on estrous cyclicity or ovarian follicular development when the protein content was greater than 8%. Protein restriction at 4% resulted in decreased bodyweight, compromised Kiss-1 expression in the hypothalamus, disturbed estrous cyclicity, and inhibited uterine and ovarian follicular development. The disturbed estrous cyclicity in rats that received the P4 diet was reversed after feeding with the P18 diet. Liver Fgf21 mRNA expressions and serum FGF21 levels were significantly increased as dietary protein content decreased, and loss of hepatic FGF21 delayed the onset of cyclicity disruption in rats fed with the P4 diet, possibly due to the regulation of insulin-like growth factor-1. Collectively, severe dietary protein restriction results in the cessation of estrous cyclicity and ovarian follicle development, and hepatic FGF21 and hypothalamic Kiss-1 were partially required for this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaxue Cao
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Resistant Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Min Yang
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Resistant Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Pet Nutrition and Health Research Center, Chengdu Agricultural College, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Jie Song
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Resistant Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xuemei Jiang
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Resistant Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Shengyu Xu
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Resistant Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Lianqiang Che
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Resistant Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Zhengfeng Fang
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Resistant Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yan Lin
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Resistant Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Chao Jin
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Resistant Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Bin Feng
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Resistant Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - De Wu
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Resistant Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Lun Hua
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Resistant Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yong Zhuo
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Resistant Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
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