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Kao SH, Shofer FS, Greenwood JC, Alomaja O, Ranganathan A, Piel S, Mesaros C, Shin SS, Ehinger JK, Kilbaugh TJ, Jang DH. Cell-Free DNA as a Biomarker in a Rodent Model of Chlorpyrifos Poisoning Causing Mitochondrial Dysfunction. J Med Toxicol 2023; 19:352-361. [PMID: 37523031 PMCID: PMC10522542 DOI: 10.1007/s13181-023-00956-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Organophosphates (OPs) are a major public health problem worldwide due to ease of access and high toxicity lacking effective biomarkers and treatment. Cholinergic agents such as OPs and carbamates are responsible for many pesticide-related deaths. While the inhibition of AChE is thought to be the main mechanism of injury, there are other important pathways that contribute to the overall toxicity of OPs such as mitochondrial dysfunction. An existing gap in OP poisoning are biomarkers to gauge severity and prognosis. Cell-free DNA (cfDNA) are novel biomarkers that have gained increased attention as a sensitive biomarker of disease with novel use in acute poisoning. This study investigates alterations in cerebral mitochondrial function in a rodent model of chlorpyrifos poisoning with the use of cfDNA as a potential biomarker. METHODS Twenty rodents were divided into two groups: Control (n = 10) and Chlorpyrifos (n = 10). Chlorpyrifos was administered through the venous femoral line with a Harvard Apparatus 11 Elite Syringe pump (Holliston, MA, USA) at 2 mg/kg. Animals were randomized to receive chlorpyrifos versus the vehicle (10% DMSO) for 60 min which would realistically present an acute exposure with continued absorption. At the end of the exposure (60 min), isolated mitochondria were measured for mitochondrial respiration along with measures of acetylcholinesterase activity, cfDNA, cytokines and western blot. RESULTS The Chlorpyrifos group showed a significant decrease in heart rate but no change in the blood pressure. There was a significant increase in bulk cfDNA concentrations and overall decrease in mitochondrial respiration from brain tissue obtained from animals in the Chlorpyrifos group when compared to the Control group with no difference in acetylcholinesterase activity. In addition, there was a significant increase in both IL-2 and IL-12 in the Chlorpyrifos group. CONCLUSIONS In our study, we found that the total cfDNA concentration may serve as a more accurate biomarker of OP exposure compared to acetylcholinesterase activity. In addition, there was an overall decrease in cerebral mitochondrial function in the Chlorpyrifos group when compared to the Control group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Han Kao
- The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, The Resuscitation Science Center, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Frances S Shofer
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, The Resuscitation Science Center (RSC), Lab 814F, University of Pennsylvania, 3615 Civic Center Blvd, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - John C Greenwood
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, The Resuscitation Science Center (RSC), Lab 814F, University of Pennsylvania, 3615 Civic Center Blvd, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Oladunni Alomaja
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, The Resuscitation Science Center (RSC), Lab 814F, University of Pennsylvania, 3615 Civic Center Blvd, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Abhay Ranganathan
- The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, The Resuscitation Science Center, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Sarah Piel
- The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, The Resuscitation Science Center, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Clementina Mesaros
- Department of Pharmacology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Samuel S Shin
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Johannes K Ehinger
- Mitochondrial Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Todd J Kilbaugh
- The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, The Resuscitation Science Center, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - David H Jang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, The Resuscitation Science Center (RSC), Lab 814F, University of Pennsylvania, 3615 Civic Center Blvd, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
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Yang JM, Lu HL, Liu JH, Qian XR, Fu GL, Gao JF. Embryonic development, hatchling performance and metabolic profile after egg exposure to environmentally relevant levels of chlorpyrifos in an aquatic turtle. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 260:115095. [PMID: 37267781 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The extensive use of organophosphorus insecticides poses a threat to the survival of non-target organisms. Ecotoxicological outcomes of embryonic exposure to insecticides are rarely evaluated in various oviparous species. In this study, soft-shelled turtle (Pelodiscus sinensis) eggs were incubated in moist substrate containing different levels (0, 2, 20 and 200 μg/kg) of chlorpyrifos to investigate its toxic effects on embryonic development and survival, and hatchling physiological performance. Chlorpyrifos exposure had no significant impacts on embryonic development rate and egg survival in P. sinensis. Similarly, embryonic chlorpyrifos exposure neither obviously affected the size and locomotor performance of hatchlings, nor changed the activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase, and content of malondialdehyde in their erythrocytes. Based on liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis, minor metabolic perturbations related to amino acid, lipid and energy metabolism in hatchlings after embryonic chlorpyrifos exposure were revealed by hepatic metabolite profiling. Overall, our results suggested that embryonic exposure to environmentally relevant levels of chlorpyrifos had only a limited impact on physiological performances of hatchlings, although it would result in a potential risk of hepatotoxicity in P. sinensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Meng Yang
- Herpetological Research Center, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hong-Liang Lu
- Herpetological Research Center, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Jia-Hui Liu
- Herpetological Research Center, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xin-Ru Qian
- Herpetological Research Center, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, Zhejiang, China
| | - Guang-Li Fu
- Herpetological Research Center, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jian-Fang Gao
- Herpetological Research Center, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, Zhejiang, China.
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Desforges JP, Legrand E, Boulager E, Liu P, Xia J, Butler H, Chandramouli B, Ewald J, Basu N, Hecker M, Head J, Crump D. Using Transcriptomics and Metabolomics to Understand Species Differences in Sensitivity to Chlorpyrifos in Japanese Quail and Double-Crested Cormorant Embryos. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2021; 40:3019-3033. [PMID: 34293216 DOI: 10.1002/etc.5174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Modern 21st-century toxicity testing makes use of omics technologies to address critical questions in toxicology and chemical management. Of interest are questions relating to chemical mechanisms of toxicity, differences in species sensitivity, and translation of molecular effects to observable apical endpoints. Our study addressed these questions by comparing apical outcomes and multiple omics responses in early-life stage exposure studies with Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica) and double-crested cormorant (Phalacrocorax auritus), representing a model and ecological species, respectively. Specifically, we investigated the dose-dependent response of apical outcomes as well as transcriptomics and metabolomics in the liver of each species exposed to chlorpyrifos, a widely used organophosphate pesticide. Our results revealed a clear pattern of dose-dependent disruption of gene expression and metabolic profiles in Japanese quail but not double-crested cormorant at similar chlorpyrifos exposure concentrations. The difference in sensitivity between species was likely due to higher metabolic transformation of chlorpyrifos in Japanese quail compared to double-crested cormorant. The most impacted biological pathways after chlorpyrifos exposure in Japanese quail included hepatic metabolism, oxidative stress, endocrine disruption (steroid and nonsteroid hormones), and metabolic disease (lipid and fatty acid metabolism). Importantly, we show consistent responses across biological scales, suggesting that significant disruption at the level of gene expression and metabolite profiles leads to observable apical responses at the organism level. Our study demonstrates the utility of evaluating effects at multiple biological levels of organization to understand how modern toxicity testing relates to outcomes of regulatory relevance, while also highlighting important, yet poorly understood, species differences in sensitivity to chemical exposure. Environ Toxicol Chem 2021;40:3019-3033. © 2021 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Pierre Desforges
- Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, McGill University, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec, Canada
| | - Elena Legrand
- Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, McGill University, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec, Canada
| | - Emily Boulager
- Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, McGill University, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec, Canada
| | - Peng Liu
- Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, McGill University, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jianguo Xia
- Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, McGill University, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec, Canada
| | | | | | - Jessica Ewald
- Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, McGill University, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec, Canada
| | - Niladri Basu
- Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, McGill University, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec, Canada
| | - Markus Hecker
- Toxicology Centre and School of the Environment and Sustainability, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Jessica Head
- Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, McGill University, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec, Canada
| | - Doug Crump
- Ecotoxicology and Wildlife Health Division, Environment Canada, National Wildlife Research Centre, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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Ribeiro-Carvalho A, Lima CS, Dutra-Tavares AC, Nunes F, Nunes-Freitas AL, Filgueiras CC, Manhães AC, Meyer A, Abreu-Villaça Y. Mood-related behavioral and neurochemical alterations in mice exposed to low chlorpyrifos levels during the brain growth spurt. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0239017. [PMID: 33007016 PMCID: PMC7531821 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0239017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Organophosphates are among the most used pesticides. Particularly, chlorpyrifos (CPF) is responsible for a number of deleterious effects on brain development, which may program behavioral changes later in life. Here, we investigated whether a regimen of early low level CPF exposure that did not result in a significant inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) had deleterious effects on mood-related behaviors, as well as on cholinergic and serotonergic biomarkers in the mice brain. From the 3rd to 9th postnatal day (PN), male and female Swiss mice were subcutaneously injected with CPF. Mice were submitted to a battery of behavioral tests from PN60 to PN63: open field, elevated plus maze and forced swimming tests. The cholinergic and serotonergic biomarkers were assessed at PN10 and PN63. Our data indicated that early CPF exposure increased anxiety-like behavior in females and altered decision-making behavior in both sexes. Most biochemical alterations were sex-dependent and restricted to females. At PN10, CPF female mice showed increased serotonin and choline transporter binding in cerebral cortex. Distinctively, in adult females, the effects indicated a hypoactive state: CPF exposure reduced 5-HT1a receptor binding in cerebral cortex, as well as serotonin transporter binding and choline acetyltransferase activity in brainstem. Our results indicate that CPF exposure during the brain growth spurt deregulates serotonergic and cholinergic biomarkers. The effects are consistent with impaired synaptic function, may be related to long-term mood disorders and point out to higher female susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anderson Ribeiro-Carvalho
- Departamento de Ciências, Faculdade de Formação de Professores da Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, São Gonçalo, RJ, Brazil
- * E-mail:
| | - Carla S. Lima
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Ana C. Dutra-Tavares
- Laboratório de Neurofisiologia, Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcantara Gomes, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Nunes
- Laboratório de Neurofisiologia, Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcantara Gomes, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - André L. Nunes-Freitas
- Laboratório de Neurofisiologia, Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcantara Gomes, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Cláudio C. Filgueiras
- Laboratório de Neurofisiologia, Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcantara Gomes, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Alex C. Manhães
- Laboratório de Neurofisiologia, Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcantara Gomes, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Armando Meyer
- Instituto de Estudos em Saúde Coletiva e Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Yael Abreu-Villaça
- Laboratório de Neurofisiologia, Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcantara Gomes, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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Eronat K, Sağır D. Protective effects of curcumin and Ganoderma lucidum on hippocampal damage caused by the organophosphate insecticide chlorpyrifos in the developing rat brain: Stereological, histopathological and immunohistochemical study. Acta Histochem 2020; 122:151621. [PMID: 33066842 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2020.151621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to draw attention to the possible effects of chlorpyrifos exposure on the developing rat hippocampus in the prenatal period and to determine whether these effects can be reduced with various antioxidant substances. Pregnant rats were divided into 7 groups.; Chlorpyrifos (CPF), Curcumin (CUR), Ganoderma lucidum (GNL), Chlorpyrifos + Curcumin (CPF + CUR), Chlorpyrifos + Ganoderma lucidum, (CPF + GNL), SHAM and Control (C). After the experiments, brain tissues were evaluated by stereological and immunohistochemical methods. As a result of the stereological analyzes, it was determined that the number of pyramidal neurons in the hippocampus of the CPF group decreased significantly from all other groups. In contrast, the number of neurons in the CPF + CUR and CPF + GNL groups was significantly higher than the CPF group. In addition, immunohistochemical analyzes showed that the density of cells stained with glial fibrillar acidic protein (GFAP) positive in all areas in the hippocampus of the rats in the CPF group was significantly higher compared to the control group, whereas in the CPF + CUR and CPF + GNL groups were less than the CPF group. As a result, the exposure of CPF in the prenatal period caused neurotoxicity in the brain hippocampus, whereas CUR and GNL reduced this toxicity caused by CPF.
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Perez-Fernandez C, Morales-Navas M, Guardia-Escote L, Garrido-Cárdenas JA, Colomina MT, Giménez E, Sánchez-Santed F. Long-term effects of low doses of Chlorpyrifos exposure at the preweaning developmental stage: A locomotor, pharmacological, brain gene expression and gut microbiome analysis. Food Chem Toxicol 2020; 135:110865. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2019.110865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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7
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Guardia-Escote L, Basaure P, Blanco J, Cabré M, Pérez-Fernández C, Sánchez-Santed F, Domingo JL, Colomina MT. Postnatal exposure to chlorpyrifos produces long-term effects on spatial memory and the cholinergic system in mice in a sex- and APOE genotype-dependent manner. Food Chem Toxicol 2018; 122:1-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2018.09.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Revised: 09/22/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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8
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Nagasue R, Murata I, Sasaki K, Sakai R, Miyajima H, Shimoda M. Effectiveness of the liver micronucleus assay using juvenile mice. J Vet Med Sci 2017; 79:1310-1317. [PMID: 28603212 PMCID: PMC5559381 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.17-0116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the effectiveness of the liver micronucleus (MN) assay using juvenile mice. Therefore, we analyzed various hepatic cytochrome P450 (CYP)- mediated activities of ethoxyresorufin
O-deethylation, pentoxyresorufin O-dealkylation, tolbutamide hydroxylation, bufuralol 1’-hydroxylation, aniline hydroxylation and midazolam 4-hydroxylation by CYP1A, CYP2B, CYP2C, CYP2D, CYP2E and
CYP3A, respectively, in non-treated male ICR mice aged between 3 and 8 weeks. The enzyme efficiency levels in 3- and 4-week-old mice were approximately similar to or higher than those in 8-week-old mice, except for CYP1A and CYP2E
in 3- and 4-week-old mice, respectively. Since these results suggest that juvenile mice have sufficient activities for most CYP enzymes, we also conducted a liver MN assay using diethylnitrosamine (DEN), a rodent hepatocarcinogen,
on male ICR mice aged between 3 and 6 weeks. A peripheral blood (PB) MN assay was performed simultaneously in 4-week-old mice. Assays incorporating DEN produced positive results in 3- and 4-week-old mice and showed a
dose-dependent increase in the micronucleated hepatocyte frequencies at 4 weeks. Both the liver MN assay in 5- and 6-week-old mice and the PB MN assay had negative results when using DEN. These results suggest that 3- and
4-week-old mice have micronuclei-inducing potential in the liver to detect genotoxic compounds using the liver MN assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritsuko Nagasue
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan.,Research Laboratory for Development, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., 3-1-1 Futaba-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka 561-0825, Japan
| | - Ikue Murata
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Sasaki
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Rina Sakai
- Research Laboratory for Development, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., 3-1-1 Futaba-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka 561-0825, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Miyajima
- Research Laboratory for Development, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., 3-1-1 Futaba-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka 561-0825, Japan
| | - Minoru Shimoda
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
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Silva JG, Boareto AC, Schreiber AK, Redivo DDB, Gambeta E, Vergara F, Morais H, Zanoveli JM, Dalsenter PR. Chlorpyrifos induces anxiety-like behavior in offspring rats exposed during pregnancy. Neurosci Lett 2017; 641:94-100. [PMID: 28130185 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2017.01.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Revised: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Chlorpyrifos is a pesticide, member of the organophosphate class, widely used in several countries to manage insect pests on many agricultural crops. Currently, chlorpyrifos health risks are being reevaluated due to possible adverse effects, especially on the central nervous system. The aim of this study was to investigate the possible action of this pesticide on the behaviors related to anxiety and depression of offspring rats exposed during pregnancy. Wistar rats were treated orally with chlorpyrifos (0.01, 0.1, 1 and 10mg/kg/day) on gestational days 14-20. Male offspring behavior was evaluated on post-natal days 21 and 70 by the elevated plus-maze test, open field test and forced swimming test. The results demonstrated that exposure to 0.1, 1 or 10mg/kg/day of chlorpyrifos could induce anxiogenic-like, but not depressive-like behavior at post-natal day 21, without causing fetal toxicity. This effect was reversed on post-natal day 70.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas G Silva
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Federal Technological University of Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná 81280-340, Brazil; Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná 81540-990 Brazil.
| | - Ana C Boareto
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná 81540-990 Brazil
| | - Anne K Schreiber
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná 81540-990 Brazil
| | - Daiany D B Redivo
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná 81540-990 Brazil
| | - Eder Gambeta
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná 81540-990 Brazil
| | - Fernanda Vergara
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná 81540-990 Brazil
| | - Helen Morais
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná 81540-990 Brazil
| | - Janaína M Zanoveli
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná 81540-990 Brazil
| | - Paulo R Dalsenter
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná 81540-990 Brazil
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Shi R, Wu J, Meng C, Ma B, Wang T, Li Y, Ma Y. Cyp3a11-mediated testosterone-6β-hydroxylation decreased, while UGT1a9-mediated propofol O-glucuronidation increased, in mice with diabetes mellitus. Biopharm Drug Dispos 2016; 37:433-443. [PMID: 27514509 DOI: 10.1002/bdd.2027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Revised: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 08/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The db/db mouse is one of the most popular animal models for type 2 diabetes mellitus, but changes in the activities of important P450s and UGTs are still not completely clear. This study was designed to investigate the alterations of major hepatic cytochrome P450s and UDP-glucuronyltransferase enzymes in db/db mice. Mouse liver microsomes (MLMs) were obtained from male db/db mice and their wild type littermates. After incubation of the substrates separately with MLMs, the samples were pooled and analysed by high-throughput liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry system for the simultaneous study of nine phase I metabolic reactions and three glucuronidation conjugation reactions to determine the activity of the metabolic enzymes. Compared with normal controls, the Clint estimate for testosterone-6β-hydroxylation was lower (46%) (p < 0.05), while the Vmax and Clint estimates for propofol O-glucuronidation were 5-fold higher (p < 0.01) in the liver microsomes from db/db mice. There was no significant difference in phase I metabolic reactions of phenacetin-O-deethylation, coumarin-7-hydroxylation, bupropion-hydroxylation, omeprazole-5-hydroxylation, dextromethorphan-O-demethylation, tolbutamide-4-hydroxylation, chlorzoxazone-6-hydroxylation and midazolam-1-hydroxylation and in glucuronidation reactions of estradiol 3-O-glucuronidation, and 3-azido-3-deoxythymidine glucuronidation. The data suggest that, in db/db mice, the activity of Cyp3a11, catalysing testosterone-6β-hydroxylation, decreased, while the activity of UGT1a9, catalysing propofol O-glucuronidation, increased. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Shi
- Department of Pharmacology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiasheng Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Cong Meng
- Department of Pharmacology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bingliang Ma
- Department of Pharmacology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Tianming Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yueming Ma
- Department of Pharmacology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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Stojkovic R, Ivankovic S, Ivankovic D, Attias L, Mantovani A, Fucic A. Testosterone-induced micronuclei and increased nuclear division rate in L929 cell line expressing the androgen receptor. Toxicol In Vitro 2015; 29:1021-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2015.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2014] [Revised: 02/24/2015] [Accepted: 04/13/2015] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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12
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De Felice A, Venerosi A, Ricceri L, Sabbioni M, Scattoni ML, Chiarotti F, Calamandrei G. Sex-dimorphic effects of gestational exposure to the organophosphate insecticide chlorpyrifos on social investigation in mice. Neurotoxicol Teratol 2014; 46:32-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ntt.2014.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2014] [Revised: 09/08/2014] [Accepted: 09/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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13
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Mansour SAK, Gamet-Payrastre L. Ameliorative effect of vitamin E to mouse dams and their pups following exposure of mothers to chlorpyrifos during gestation and lactation periods. Toxicol Ind Health 2014; 32:1179-96. [PMID: 25234640 DOI: 10.1177/0748233714548207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Pesticides are omnipresent in environment, water, fruits, and vegetables and are considered as risk factors for human health. Consumers are mainly exposed to pesticides through diet, and the main question to be answered concerns the impact of such exposure on health. In this study, we developed a mouse model to mimic consumer exposure. During gestation and lactation periods, the experimental mouse dams (M) received one of the following treatments: (a) diet-free of pesticides; (b) diet enriched with chlorpyrifos (CPF; 44.0 μg kg(-1)); c) diet + oral vitamin E (vit. E; α-tocopherol; 200 mg/kg/mouse); and (d) diet enriched with CPF (44.0 μg/kg + oral vit. E (200 mg/kg/mouse). At weaning, pups (P) and dams were killed, and organs as well as blood samples were collected. Compared with control results, CPF induced alteration of measured parameters (e.g. organ weight, alkaline phosphatase, urea, malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, and cholinesterase) either in mouse dams or in their offspring. Also, CPF induced histological impairment in kidney, liver, and ovary. Administration of vit. E in conjunction with CPF clearly alleviated deviation of these parameters than those of control ones. In conclusion, a dietary exposure of mice during gestation and lactation to low dose of CPF led to significant changes in the mother but also in the weaned animals that have not been directly exposed to this pesticide. These biological and histological modifications could be reversed by an oral supplementation of vit. E.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sameeh Abdel-Kader Mansour
- Environmental Toxicology Research Unit (ETRU), Pesticide Chemistry Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
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14
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Mohammad F, Al-Baggou B, Naser A, Fadel M. In vitroinhibition of plasma and brain cholinesterases of growing chicks by chlorpyrifos and dichlorvos. JOURNAL OF APPLIED ANIMAL RESEARCH 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/09712119.2013.875912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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15
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Lima CS, Dutra-Tavares AC, Nunes F, Nunes-Freitas AL, Ribeiro-Carvalho A, Filgueiras CC, Manhães AC, Meyer A, Abreu-Villaça Y. Methamidophos exposure during the early postnatal period of mice: immediate and late-emergent effects on the cholinergic and serotonergic systems and behavior. Toxicol Sci 2013; 134:125-39. [PMID: 23596261 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kft095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Organophosphates (OPs) are among the most used pesticides. Although some OPs have had their use progressively more restricted, other OPs are being used without sufficient investigation of their effects. Here, we investigated the immediate neurochemical and delayed neurochemical and behavioral actions of the OP methamidophos to verify whether there are concerns regarding exposure during early postnatal development. From the third to the nineth postnatal day (PN), Swiss mice were sc injected with methamidophos (1mg/kg). At PN10, we assessed cholinergic and serotonergic biomarkers in the cerebral cortex and brainstem. From PN60 to PN63, mice were submitted to a battery of behavioral tests and subsequently to biochemical analyses. At PN10, the effects were restricted to females and to the cholinergic system: Methamidophos promoted increased choline transporter binding in the brainstem. At PN63, in the brainstem, there was a decrease in choline transporter, a female-only decrease in 5HT1A and a male-only increase in 5HT2 receptor binding. In the cortex, choline acetyltransferase activity was decreased and 5HT2 receptor binding was increased both in males and females. Methamidophos elicited behavioral alterations, suggestive of increased depressive-like behavior and impaired decision making. There were no significant alterations on anxiety-related measures and on memory/learning. Methamidophos elicited cholinergic and serotonergic alterations that depended on brain region, sex, and age of the animals. These outcomes, together with the behavioral effects, indicate that this OP is deleterious to the developing brain and that alterations are indeed identified long after the end of exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla S Lima
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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16
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Bacchi AD, Ponte B, Vieira ML, de Paula JCC, Mesquita SFP, Gerardin DCC, Moreira EG. Developmental exposure to Passiflora incarnata induces behavioural alterations in the male progeny. Reprod Fertil Dev 2013; 25:782-9. [DOI: 10.1071/rd11307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2011] [Accepted: 06/25/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Passiflora incarnata is marketed in many countries as a phytomedicine and is prescribed mainly as a sedative and anxiolytic. Even though the directions of most marketed phytomedicines recommend them to be used under medical supervision, reproductive and developmental studies are sparse and not mandatory for regulatory purposes. To evaluate the reproductive and developmental toxicity of P. incarnata, Wistar female rats were gavaged with 30 or 300 mg kg–1 of this herb from gestational Day (GD) 0 to postnatal Day (PND) 21. P. incarnata treatment did not influence dams’ bodyweight or food intake or their reproductive performance (post-implantation loss, litter size, litter weight). There was also no influence on the physical development of pups (bodyweight gain, day of vaginal opening or preputial separation) or their behaviour in the open-field at PND 22, 35 and 75. Sexual behaviour was disrupted in adult male pups exposed to 300 mg kg–1 of P. incarnata; in this group, only 3 out of 11 pups were sexually competent. This behavioural disruption was not accompanied by alterations in plasma testosterone levels, reproductive-related organs and glands weights or sperm count. It is hypothesised that aromatase inhibition may be involved in the observed effect.
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17
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Sex dimorphic behaviors as markers of neuroendocrine disruption by environmental chemicals: The case of chlorpyrifos. Neurotoxicology 2012; 33:1420-1426. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2012.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2012] [Revised: 08/06/2012] [Accepted: 08/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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18
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Saghir SA, Khan SA, McCoy AT. Ontogeny of mammalian metabolizing enzymes in humans and animals used in toxicological studies. Crit Rev Toxicol 2012; 42:323-57. [PMID: 22512665 DOI: 10.3109/10408444.2012.674100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
It is well recognized that expression of enzymes varies during development and growth. However, an in-depth review of this acquired knowledge is needed to translate the understanding of enzyme expression and activity into the prediction of change in effects (e.g. kinetics and toxicity) of xenobiotics with age. Age-related changes in metabolic capacity are critical for understanding and predicting the potential differences resulting from exposure. Such information may be especially useful in the evaluation of the risk of exposure to very low (µg/kg/day or ng/kg/day) levels of environmental chemicals. This review is to better understand the ontogeny of metabolizing enzymes in converting chemicals to either less-toxic metabolite(s) or more toxic products (e.g. reactive intermediate[s]) during stages before birth and during early development (neonate/infant/child). In this review, we evaluated the ontogeny of major "phase I" and "phase II" metabolizing enzymes in humans and commonly used experimental animals (e.g. mouse, rat, and others) in order to fill the information gap.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shakil Ahmed Saghir
- Toxicology & Environmental Research & Consulting, The Dow Chemical Company, Midland, Michigan, USA.
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Kashanian S, Shariati Z, Roshanfekr H, Ghobadi S. DNA Binding Studies of 3, 5, 6-Trichloro-2-Pyridinol Pesticide Metabolite. DNA Cell Biol 2012; 31:1341-8. [DOI: 10.1089/dna.2012.1662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Soheila Kashanian
- Faculty of Chemistry, Sensor and Biosensor Research Center (SBRC) & Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Research Center (NNRC), Razi University, Kermanshah, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Zohreh Shariati
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Razi University, Kermanshah, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Hamideh Roshanfekr
- Department of Chemistry, Islamic Azad University, Ilam Branch, Ilam, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Sirous Ghobadi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Razi University, Kermanshah, Islamic Republic of Iran
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