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Anarghou H, Malqui H, Ihbour S, Laaroussi M, Essaidi O, Fetoui H, Bouhrim M, Najimi M, Chigr F. Impact of glyphosate-based herbicide exposure through maternal milk on offspring's antioxidant status, neurodevelopment, and behavior. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2024:10.1007/s00210-024-03035-5. [PMID: 38466353 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-024-03035-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Glyphosate-based Herbicide (GBH) is a widely used pesticide that functions as a broad-spectrum, non-selective herbicide. Despite advanced research to describe the neurotoxic potential of GBH, the harmful effects on maternal behavior and neurodevelopment of offspring remain unclear. This study was conducted to highlight the effects of GBH on the antioxidant system, anxiety traits, social interaction, and cognitive and sensorimotor functions in pups exposed to 25 or 50 mg/l daily via their mother's milk. Concerning the biochemical biomarkers, GBH administered during the early stages of development negatively affected the status of antioxidant enzymes and lipid peroxidation in the brain structures of the pups. Furthermore, our results showed a significant decrease in acetylcholinesterase (AChE) specific activity within the brains of treated pups. The results of the behavioral tests indicated that the treated offspring developed anxiety, memory, and sociability disorders, as evidenced by the Open Field, Y-maze, object recognition task, and social interaction tests. Through neurodevelopmental testing, we also showed sensorimotor impairment (righting reflex and negative geotaxis) and abnormal maternal behavior. Altogether, our study clearly demonstrates that the developing brain is sensitive to GBH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hammou Anarghou
- Biological Engineering Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, Sultan Moulay Slimane University, Beni Mellal, Morocco.
- High Institute of Nursing Professions and Health Techniques Dakhla Annex, Dakhla, Morocco.
| | - Hafsa Malqui
- Biological Engineering Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, Sultan Moulay Slimane University, Beni Mellal, Morocco
| | - Said Ihbour
- Biological Engineering Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, Sultan Moulay Slimane University, Beni Mellal, Morocco
| | - Meriem Laaroussi
- Biological Engineering Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, Sultan Moulay Slimane University, Beni Mellal, Morocco
| | - Oumaima Essaidi
- Biological Engineering Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, Sultan Moulay Slimane University, Beni Mellal, Morocco
| | - Hamadi Fetoui
- Laboratory of Toxicology-Microbiology and Environmental Health (17ES06), Faculty of Sciences of Sfax, University of Sfax, BP1171, 3000, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Bouhrim
- Biological Engineering Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, Sultan Moulay Slimane University, Beni Mellal, Morocco
- Laboratories TBC, Laboratory of Pharmacology, Pharmacokinetics and Clinical Pharmacy, University of Lille, Faculty of Pharmacy, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Mohamed Najimi
- Biological Engineering Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, Sultan Moulay Slimane University, Beni Mellal, Morocco
| | - Fatiha Chigr
- Biological Engineering Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, Sultan Moulay Slimane University, Beni Mellal, Morocco
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Zanchi MM, Marafon F, Marins K, Bagatini MD, Zamoner A. Redox imbalance and inflammation: A link to depression risk in brazilian pesticide-exposed farmers. Toxicology 2024; 501:153706. [PMID: 38097130 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2023.153706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to elucidate the mechanisms linking occupational pesticide exposure to depression among rural workers from Maravilha, Brazil. We assessed the mental health, oxidative, and inflammatory profiles of farmers exposed to pesticides (N = 28) and compared them to an urban control group without occupational exposure to pesticides (N = 25). Data on sociodemographic, occupational history, and clinical records were collected. Emotional states were evaluated using the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). Biochemical, hematological, inflammatory, and redox parameters were examined in blood samples from both groups. Results showed educational disparities between groups and unveiled a concerning underutilization of personal protective equipment (PPEs) among farmers. Glyphosate was the predominant pesticide used by farmers. Farmers exhibited higher BDI scores, including more severe cases of depression. Additionally, elevated levels of creatinine, ALT, AST, and LDH were observed in farmers, suggesting potential renal and hepatic issues due to pesticide exposure. Oxidative stress markers, such as increased lipid peroxidation and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, along with decreased catalase (CAT) activity and ascorbic acid levels, were noted in the pesticide-exposed group compared to controls. Elevated levels of inflammatory cytokines, particularly IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α, were also observed in pesticide-exposed group. Our findings suggest that inflammation, oxidative distress and lower educational levels may be associated with depression in pesticide-exposed farmers. This study highlights the impact of occupational pesticide exposure on the mental health of rural workers. The underuse of PPEs and the link between depressive symptoms, inflammation, and oxidative stress underscore the urgent need for improved safety measures in agricultural practices. Addressing these issues will contribute to a deeper understanding of the intricate relationship between environmental exposures and mental health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariane Magalhães Zanchi
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Cell Signaling, Department of Biochemistry, Center of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, 88037-000 SC, Brazil
| | - Filomena Marafon
- Laboratory of Cell Culture, Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Chapecó, 89815-899 SC, Brazil
| | - Katiuska Marins
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Cell Signaling, Department of Biochemistry, Center of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, 88037-000 SC, Brazil
| | - Margarete Dulce Bagatini
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Cell Signaling, Department of Biochemistry, Center of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, 88037-000 SC, Brazil
| | - Ariane Zamoner
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Cell Signaling, Department of Biochemistry, Center of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, 88037-000 SC, Brazil.
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3
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Bianco CD, Ourique F, Dos Santos DC, Pedrosa RC, Kviecisnki MR, Zamoner A. Glyphosate-induced glioblastoma cell proliferation: Unraveling the interplay of oxidative, inflammatory, proliferative, and survival signaling pathways. Environ Pollut 2023; 338:122695. [PMID: 37802286 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the impacts of glyphosate herbicide on the survival and proliferation of glioblastoma cells and to explore the molecular mechanisms underlying such effects. For this, cultured human glioblastoma cell line, A172, was exposed to the glyphosate analytical standard, a glyphosate-based herbicide formulation (GBH), or the metabolite aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA). The three compounds induced A172 cytotoxicity after 24 h of exposure, with more prominent cytotoxic effects after 48 and 72 h of treatment. Further experiments were performed by treating A172 cells for 6 h with glyphosate, GBH, or AMPA at 0.5 mg/L, which corresponds to the maximum residue limits for glyphosate and AMPA in drinking water in Brazil. Colony forming units (CFU) assay showed that AMPA increased the number of CFU formed, while glyphosate and GBH increased the CFU sizes. The three compounds tested altered the cell cycle and caused DNA damage, as indicated by the increase in γ-H2AX. The mechanisms underlying the pesticide effects involve the activation of Akt and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) signaling pathways, oxidative imbalance, and inflammation. Glyphosate led to NLRP3 activation culminating in caspase-1 recruitment, while AMPA decreased NLRP3 immunocontent and GBH did not alter this pathway. Results of the present study suggest that exposure to glyphosate (isolated or in formulation) or to its metabolite AMPA may affect cell signaling pathways resulting in oxidative damage and inflammation, giving glioblastoma cells an advantage by increasing their proliferation and growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Daniele Bianco
- Department of Biochemistry, Center of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Fabiana Ourique
- Department of Biochemistry, Center of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Daniela Coelho Dos Santos
- Department of Biochemistry, Center of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Rozangela Curi Pedrosa
- Department of Biochemistry, Center of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Maicon Roberto Kviecisnki
- Department of Biochemistry, Center of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Ariane Zamoner
- Department of Biochemistry, Center of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil.
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Cattani D, Pierozan P, Zamoner A, Brittebo E, Karlsson O. Long-Term Effects of Perinatal Exposure to a Glyphosate-Based Herbicide on Melatonin Levels and Oxidative Brain Damage in Adult Male Rats. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1825. [PMID: 37891904 PMCID: PMC10604376 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12101825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Concerns have been raised regarding the potential adverse health effects of the ubiquitous herbicide glyphosate. Here, we investigated long-term effects of developmental exposure to a glyphosate-based herbicide (GBH) by analyzing serum melatonin levels and cellular changes in the striatum of adult male rats (90 days old). Pregnant and lactating rats were exposed to 3% GBH (0.36% glyphosate) through drinking water from gestational day 5 to postnatal day 15. The offspring showed reduced serum melatonin levels (43%) at the adult age compared with the control group. The perinatal exposure to GBH also induced long-term oxidative stress-related changes in the striatum demonstrated by increased lipid peroxidation (45%) and DNA/RNA oxidation (39%) together with increased protein levels of the antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase (SOD1, 24%), glutamate-cysteine ligase (GCLC, 58%), and glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPx1, 31%). Moreover, perinatal GBH exposure significantly increased the total number of neurons (20%) and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-positive neurons (38%) in the adult striatum. Mechanistic in vitro studies with primary rat pinealocytes exposed to 50 µM glyphosate demonstrated a decreased melatonin secretion partially through activation of metabotropic glutamate receptor 3 (mGluR3), while higher glyphosate levels (100 or 500 µM) also reduced the pinealocyte viability. Since decreased levels of the important antioxidant and neuroprotector melatonin have been associated with an increased risk of developing neurodegenerative disorders, this demonstrates the need to consider the melatonin hormone system as a central endocrine-related target of glyphosate and other environmental contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiane Cattani
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Environmental Sciences, Stockholm University, 114 18 Stockholm, Sweden; (D.C.); (P.P.)
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, P.O. Box 591, 751 24 Uppsala, Sweden;
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis 88040-970, Brazil;
| | - Paula Pierozan
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Environmental Sciences, Stockholm University, 114 18 Stockholm, Sweden; (D.C.); (P.P.)
| | - Ariane Zamoner
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis 88040-970, Brazil;
| | - Eva Brittebo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, P.O. Box 591, 751 24 Uppsala, Sweden;
| | - Oskar Karlsson
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Environmental Sciences, Stockholm University, 114 18 Stockholm, Sweden; (D.C.); (P.P.)
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Sakkaki S, Cresto N, Chancel R, Jaulmes M, Zub E, Blaquière M, Sicard P, Maurice T, Ellero-Simatos S, Gamet-Payrastre L, Marchi N, Perroy J. Dual-Hit: Glyphosate exposure at NOAEL level negatively impacts birth and glia-behavioural measures in heterozygous shank3 mutants. Environ Int 2023; 180:108201. [PMID: 37769447 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.108201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
The omnipresence of environmental contaminants represents a health danger with ramifications for adverse neurological trajectories. Here, we tested the dual-hit hypothesis that continuous exposure to non-observable adverse effect level (NOAEL) glyphosate from pre-natal to adulthood represents a risk factor for neurological-associated adaptations when in the presence of the heterozygote or homozygote mutation of the Shank3 synaptic gene. Ultrasound analysis of pregnant dams revealed patterns of pre-natal mortality with effects dependent on wild-type, Shank3ΔC/+, or Shank3ΔC/ΔC genotypes exposed to NOAEL glyphosate (GLY) compared to unexposed conditions. The postnatal survival rate was negatively impacted, specifically in Shank3ΔC/+ exposed to GLY. Next, the resulting six groups of pups were tracked into adulthood and analyzed for signs of neuroinflammation and neurological adaptions. Sholl's analysis revealed cortical microgliosis across groups exposed to GLY, with Shank3ΔC/+ mice presenting the most significant modifications. Brain tissues were devoid of astrocytosis, except for the perivascular compartment in the cortex in response to GLY. Distinct behavioral adaptations accompanied these cellular modifications, as locomotion and social preference were decreased in Shank3ΔC/+ mice exposed to GLY. Notably, GLY exposure from weaning did not elicit glial or neurological adaptations across groups, indicating the importance of pre-natal contaminant exposure. These results unveil the intersection between continuous pre-natal to adulthood environmental input and a pre-existing synaptic mutation. In an animal model, NOAEL GLY predominantly impacted Shank3ΔC/+ mice, compounding an otherwise mild phenotype compared to Shank3ΔC/ΔC. The possible relevance of these findings to neurodevelopmental risk is critically discussed, along with avenues for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Sakkaki
- IGF, University of Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Noemie Cresto
- IGF, University of Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Raphaël Chancel
- IGF, University of Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Maé Jaulmes
- IGF, University of Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Emma Zub
- IGF, University of Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Marine Blaquière
- IGF, University of Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Pierre Sicard
- PhyMedExp, INSERM, CNRS, CHU Montpellier, University of Montpellier, 34295 Montpellier, France
| | - Tangui Maurice
- MMDN, Univ Montpellier, EPHE, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | | | | | - Nicola Marchi
- IGF, University of Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France.
| | - Julie Perroy
- IGF, University of Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France.
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Estienne A, Fréville M, Bernardi O, Ramé C, Calandreau L, Cornilleau F, Ganier P, Chahnamian M, Froment P, Dupont J. Chronic dietary exposure to a glyphosate-based herbicide in broiler hens has long-term impacts on the progeny metabolism. Poult Sci 2023; 102:102877. [PMID: 37454642 PMCID: PMC10371846 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.102877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Glyphosate-based herbicides (GBH) are the most commonly used herbicides in agriculture. Several studies reported possible adverse effects on human and animal models after a GBH exposure. However, the effects of a temporary maternal exposure on the progeny have been poorly documented, especially in avian models. We investigated the effects of a hen chronic dietary exposure to a GBH on the progeny, obtained during the period following the withdrawal of GBH from the diet. Hens were exposed to a GBH via their food for 6 wk, after which the GBH was removed from their food. Eggs from these hens were collected 3 wk after the GBH was withdrawn for 1 wk. We monitored the growth performances, metabolic parameters, and behavior from the progeny of the hens (Ex-GBH chicks, n = 186) and compared them with those of unexposed control-hen progeny (CT chicks, n = 213). Ex-GBH chicks were more likely to explore their new environment than CT chicks during the open-field test. In addition, they had an increased fattening and blood triglycerides level, whereas their food consumption was similar to CT chicks. Quantitative PCR on the chemerin system and FASN in chicks livers indicate a transcriptional activity in favor of fatty acid synthesis, and lipidomic analysis on chicks abdominal adipose tissue reveal a global increase in monounsaturated fatty acid and a global decrease in polyunsaturated fatty acids. Seven genes involved in the synthesis of fatty acids were identified with the open access LIPIDMAP software, and their disturbance in Ex-GBH chicks was confirmed via qPCR. Taken together, these results suggest that the progeny of hens temporarily exposed to a GBH are more likely to fatten, even with a balanced diet. The removal of GBH from their contaminated environment would therefore not be sufficient to completely restore their health, has it could induce transgenerational effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Estienne
- CNRS, IFCE, INRAE, Université de Tours, PRC, Nouzilly, F-37380, France
| | - Mathias Fréville
- CNRS, IFCE, INRAE, Université de Tours, PRC, Nouzilly, F-37380, France
| | - Ophélie Bernardi
- CNRS, IFCE, INRAE, Université de Tours, PRC, Nouzilly, F-37380, France; SYSAAF, Syndicat des Sélectionneurs Avicoles et Aquacoles Français, Centre INRA Val de Loire, Nouzilly, 37380, France
| | - Christelle Ramé
- CNRS, IFCE, INRAE, Université de Tours, PRC, Nouzilly, F-37380, France
| | | | - Fabien Cornilleau
- CNRS, IFCE, INRAE, Université de Tours, PRC, Nouzilly, F-37380, France
| | - Patrice Ganier
- INRAE - Unité Expérimentale du Pôle d'Expérimentation Avicole de Tours UEPEAT 1295, Nouzilly, F-37380, France
| | - Marine Chahnamian
- INRAE - Unité Expérimentale du Pôle d'Expérimentation Avicole de Tours UEPEAT 1295, Nouzilly, F-37380, France
| | - Pascal Froment
- CNRS, IFCE, INRAE, Université de Tours, PRC, Nouzilly, F-37380, France
| | - Joëlle Dupont
- CNRS, IFCE, INRAE, Université de Tours, PRC, Nouzilly, F-37380, France.
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Zanchi MM, Marins K, Zamoner A. Could pesticide exposure be implicated in the high incidence rates of depression, anxiety and suicide in farmers? A systematic review. Environ Pollut 2023:121888. [PMID: 37244531 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Pesticide exposure and poisoning may rise the risk of mental health problems and suicidal tendencies. To explore the potential connection between chronic occupational exposure to pesticides and depression, anxiety, and suicide-related outcomes in farmers, a systematic review was performed. Systematic review protocol is available in PROSPERO registration number CRD42022316285. A total of fifty-seven studies met inclusion criteria: twenty-nine on depression or other mental disorders, twelve on suicide (two of them on both depression and suicide), and fourteen on pesticide poisoning or self-poisoning and death. Among the fifty-seven selected studies, eighteen were conducted in Asia, seventeen in North America, fourteen in South America, seven in European Union, one in Africa, and one in Australia/Oceania. Selected studies demonstrated an increased prevalence of depressive disorders in farmworkers exposed to pesticides as well as an increased self-reported prevalence of depression in this population. Moreover, previous pesticide poisoning increased the risk estimates for depression or other mental disorders as compared with chronic pesticide exposure. Severe pesticide poisoning and multiple poisoning showed increased risks of depressive symptoms compared with milder cases. In addition, financial difficulties and poor health were positively correlated with depression. Among studies on suicide, nine of them found that suicide rates increased in areas devoted to agriculture with intensive pesticide consumption. Moreover, studies demonstrate a higher suicide risk among farmers. The present review suggests more attention to the farmer's mental health and more detailed studies on occupational exposure to the mixture of these compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariane Magalhães Zanchi
- Department of Biochemistry, Center of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil; Pharmacy Graduate Course, Center of Health Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Katiuska Marins
- Department of Biochemistry, Center of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil; Pharmacy Graduate Course, Center of Health Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Ariane Zamoner
- Department of Biochemistry, Center of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil; Pharmacy Graduate Course, Center of Health Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil.
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Madani NA, Carpenter DO. Effects of glyphosate and glyphosate-based herbicides like Roundup™ on the mammalian nervous system: A review. Environ Res 2022; 214:113933. [PMID: 35868581 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.113933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Glyphosate is the active ingredient in glyphosate-based herbicides (GBHs), such as Roundup™, the most widely used herbicides in the world. Glyphosate targets an essential enzyme in plants that is not found in animals. However, both glyphosate and GBHs are rated as Group 2A, probable human carcinogens, and also have documented effects on reproduction, acting as endocrine disruptive chemicals. We have reviewed reports of the effects of glyphosate and GBHs on mammalian nervous system function. As with several other herbicides, GBHs exposure has been associated with an increased risk of Parkinson's Disease and death of neurons in the substantia nigra. There is also some evidence implicating Roundup™ in elevated risk of autism. Other studies have shown the effects of GBHs on synaptic transmission in animal and cellular studies. The major mechanism of action appears to be oxidative stress, accompanied by mitochondrial dysfunction. In addition, some gut bacteria utilize the enzyme used by plants, and glyphosate and GBHs use has been shown to alter the gut microbiome. There is a large and growing body of evidence that the gut microbiome alters susceptibility to great number of human diseases, including nervous system function. The weight of the evidence indicates that in addition to cancer and reproductive effects, glyphosate and GBHs have significant adverse effects on the brain and behavior and increase the risk of at least some serious neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Najm Alsadat Madani
- Department of Environmental Health Science, School of Public Health, 1 University Place, University at Albany, Rensselaer, NY 12144, USA; Institute for Health and the Environment, 5 University Place, University at Albany, Rensselaer, NY 12144, USA
| | - David O Carpenter
- Department of Environmental Health Science, School of Public Health, 1 University Place, University at Albany, Rensselaer, NY 12144, USA; Institute for Health and the Environment, 5 University Place, University at Albany, Rensselaer, NY 12144, USA.
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Rieg CEH, Cattani D, Naspolini NF, Cenci VH, de Liz Oliveira Cavalli VL, Jacques AV, Nascimento MVPDS, Dalmarco EM, De Moraes ACR, Santos-Silva MC, Silva FRMB, Parisotto EB, Zamoner A. Perinatal exposure to a glyphosate pesticide formulation induces offspring liver damage. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2022; 454:116245. [PMID: 36116562 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2022.116245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The present study investigated the effects of perinatal exposure to glyphosate-based herbicide (GBH) in offspring's liver. Pregnant Wistar rats were exposed to GBH (70 mg glyphosate/Kg body weight/day) in drinking water from gestation day 5 to postnatal day 15. The perinatal exposure to GBH increased 45Ca2+ influx in offspring's liver. Pharmacological tools indicated a role played by oxidative stress, phospholipase C (PLC) and Akt pathways, as well as voltage-dependent Ca2+ channel modulation on GBH-induced Ca2+ influx in offspring's liver. In addition, changes in the enzymatic antioxidant defense system, decreased GSH content, lipid peroxidation and protein carbonylation suggest a connection between GBH-induced hepatotoxic mechanism and redox imbalance. The perinatal exposure to GBH also increased the enzymatic activities of transaminases and gamma-glutamyl transferase in offspring's liver and blood, suggesting a pesticide-induced liver injury. Moreover, we detected increased iron levels in liver, blood and bone marrow of GBH-exposed rats, which were accompanied by increased transferrin saturation and decreased transferrin levels in blood. The levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were increased in the liver of rats perinatally exposed to GBH, which were associated with. Increased phospho-p65NFκB immunocontent. Therefore, we propose that excessive amounts of iron in offspring's liver, blood and bone marrow induced by perinatal exposure to GBH may account for iron-driven hepatotoxicity, which was associated with Ca2+ influx, oxidative damage and inflammation. Further studies will clarify whether these events can ultimately impact on liver function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Elise Heinz Rieg
- Department of Biochemistry, Center of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Daiane Cattani
- Department of Biochemistry, Center of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Nathalia Ferrazzo Naspolini
- Department of Biochemistry, Center of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Vitoria Hayduck Cenci
- Department of Biochemistry, Center of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | | | - Amanda Virtuoso Jacques
- Department of Clinical Analysis, Center of Health Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | | | - Eduardo Monguilhott Dalmarco
- Department of Clinical Analysis, Center of Health Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina Rabello De Moraes
- Department of Clinical Analysis, Center of Health Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Maria Cláudia Santos-Silva
- Department of Clinical Analysis, Center of Health Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Fátima Regina Mena Barreto Silva
- Department of Biochemistry, Center of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Benedetti Parisotto
- Department of Biochemistry, Center of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Ariane Zamoner
- Department of Biochemistry, Center of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil.
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Fréville M, Estienne A, Ramé C, Lefort G, Chahnamian M, Staub C, Venturi E, Lemarchand J, Maximin E, Hondelatte A, Zemb O, Canlet C, Guabiraba R, Froment P, Dupont J. Chronic dietary exposure to a glyphosate-based herbicide results in total or partial reversibility of plasma oxidative stress, cecal microbiota abundance and short-chain fatty acid composition in broiler hens. Front Physiol 2022; 13:974688. [PMID: 36171975 PMCID: PMC9511142 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.974688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Glyphosate-based herbicides (GBHs) are massively used in agriculture. However, few studies have investigated the effects of glyphosate-based herbicides on avian species although they are largely exposed via their food. Here, we investigated the potential reversibility of the effects of chronic dietary exposure to glyphosate-based herbicides in broiler hens. For 42 days, we exposed 32-week-old hens to glyphosate-based herbicides via their food (47 mg/kg/day glyphosate equivalent, glyphosate-based herbicides, n = 75) corresponding to half glyphosate’s no-observed-adverse-effect-level in birds. We compared their performance to that of 75 control animals (CT). Both groups (glyphosate-based herbicides and control animals) were then fed for 28 additional days without glyphosate-based herbicides exposure (Ex-glyphosate-based herbicides and Ex-control animals). Glyphosate-based herbicides temporarily increased the plasma glyphosate and AMPA (aminomethylphosphonic acid) concentrations. Glyphosate and aminomethylphosphonic acid mostly accumulated in the liver and to a lesser extent in the leg muscle and abdominal adipose tissue. Glyphosate-based herbicides also temporarily increased the gizzard weight and plasma oxidative stress monitored by TBARS (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances). Glyphosate-based herbicides temporarily decreased the cecal concentrations of propionate, isobutyrate and propionate but acetate and valerate were durably reduced. The cecal microbiome was also durably affected since glyphosate-based herbicides inhibited Barnesiella and favored Alloprevotella. Body weight, fattening, food intake and feeding behavior as well as plasma lipid and uric acid were unaffected by glyphosate-based herbicides. Taken together, our results show possible disturbances of the cecal microbiota associated with plasma oxidative stress and accumulation of glyphosate in metabolic tissues in response to dietary glyphosate-based herbicides exposure in broiler hens. Luckily, glyphosate-based herbicides at this concentration does not hamper growth and most of the effects on the phenotypes are reversible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathias Fréville
- Centre National de La Recherche Scientifique, Institut Français du Cheval et de L’Equitation, Institut National de Recherche pour L’Agriculture, L’Alimentation et L’Environnement (INRAE), Université de Tours, Physiologie de La Reproduction et des Comportements, Nouzilly, France
| | - Anthony Estienne
- Centre National de La Recherche Scientifique, Institut Français du Cheval et de L’Equitation, Institut National de Recherche pour L’Agriculture, L’Alimentation et L’Environnement (INRAE), Université de Tours, Physiologie de La Reproduction et des Comportements, Nouzilly, France
| | - Christelle Ramé
- Centre National de La Recherche Scientifique, Institut Français du Cheval et de L’Equitation, Institut National de Recherche pour L’Agriculture, L’Alimentation et L’Environnement (INRAE), Université de Tours, Physiologie de La Reproduction et des Comportements, Nouzilly, France
| | - Gaëlle Lefort
- Centre National de La Recherche Scientifique, Institut Français du Cheval et de L’Equitation, Institut National de Recherche pour L’Agriculture, L’Alimentation et L’Environnement (INRAE), Université de Tours, Physiologie de La Reproduction et des Comportements, Nouzilly, France
| | - Marine Chahnamian
- INRAE—Unité Expérimentale Pôle D’expérimentation Avicole de Tours, Nouzilly, France
| | - Christophe Staub
- INRAE—Unité Expérimentale de Physiologie Animale de L’Orfrasière (UEPAO), Nouzilly, France
| | - Eric Venturi
- INRAE—Unité Expérimentale de Physiologie Animale de L’Orfrasière (UEPAO), Nouzilly, France
| | - Julie Lemarchand
- Centre National de La Recherche Scientifique, Institut Français du Cheval et de L’Equitation, Institut National de Recherche pour L’Agriculture, L’Alimentation et L’Environnement (INRAE), Université de Tours, Physiologie de La Reproduction et des Comportements, Nouzilly, France
| | - Elise Maximin
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Alice Hondelatte
- INRAE-—Elevage Alternatif et Santé des Monogastriques (EASM), Surgères, France
| | - Olivier Zemb
- GenPhySE, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Cécile Canlet
- Toxalim (Research Center in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Pascal Froment
- Centre National de La Recherche Scientifique, Institut Français du Cheval et de L’Equitation, Institut National de Recherche pour L’Agriculture, L’Alimentation et L’Environnement (INRAE), Université de Tours, Physiologie de La Reproduction et des Comportements, Nouzilly, France
| | - Joëlle Dupont
- Centre National de La Recherche Scientifique, Institut Français du Cheval et de L’Equitation, Institut National de Recherche pour L’Agriculture, L’Alimentation et L’Environnement (INRAE), Université de Tours, Physiologie de La Reproduction et des Comportements, Nouzilly, France
- *Correspondence: Joëlle Dupont,
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Costas-Ferreira C, Durán R, Faro LRF. Toxic Effects of Glyphosate on the Nervous System: A Systematic Review. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:4605. [PMID: 35562999 PMCID: PMC9101768 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Glyphosate, a non-selective systemic biocide with broad-spectrum activity, is the most widely used herbicide in the world. It can persist in the environment for days or months, and its intensive and large-scale use can constitute a major environmental and health problem. In this systematic review, we investigate the current state of our knowledge related to the effects of this pesticide on the nervous system of various animal species and humans. The information provided indicates that exposure to glyphosate or its commercial formulations induces several neurotoxic effects. It has been shown that exposure to this pesticide during the early stages of life can seriously affect normal cell development by deregulating some of the signaling pathways involved in this process, leading to alterations in differentiation, neuronal growth, and myelination. Glyphosate also seems to exert a significant toxic effect on neurotransmission and to induce oxidative stress, neuroinflammation and mitochondrial dysfunction, processes that lead to neuronal death due to autophagy, necrosis, or apoptosis, as well as the appearance of behavioral and motor disorders. The doses of glyphosate that produce these neurotoxic effects vary widely but are lower than the limits set by regulatory agencies. Although there are important discrepancies between the analyzed findings, it is unequivocal that exposure to glyphosate produces important alterations in the structure and function of the nervous system of humans, rodents, fish, and invertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lilian R. F. Faro
- Department of Functional Biology and Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Universidade de Vigo, Campus Lagoas-Marcosende, 36310 Vigo, Spain; (C.C.-F.); (R.D.)
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