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Breidenbach JD, French BW, Stanoszek LM, Lavik JP, Maddipati KR, Premathilaka SH, Baliu-Rodriguez D, Timalsina B, Aradhyula V, Patel SC, Lad A, Syed I, Kleinhenz AL, Blomquist TM, Gohara A, Dube P, Zhang S, Faleel D, Khalaf FK, Isailovic D, Wooten RM, Willey JC, Hammersley JR, Modyanov NN, Malhotra D, Dworkin LD, Kennedy DJ, Haller ST. Aerosolized Harmful Algal Bloom Toxin Microcystin-LR Induces Type 1/Type 17 Inflammation of Murine Airways. Toxins (Basel) 2024; 16:470. [PMID: 39591225 PMCID: PMC11598155 DOI: 10.3390/toxins16110470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2024] [Revised: 10/25/2024] [Accepted: 10/29/2024] [Indexed: 11/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Harmful algal blooms are increasing globally and pose serious health concerns releasing cyanotoxins. Microcystin-LR (MC-LR), one of the most frequently produced cyanotoxins, has recently been detected in aerosols generated by the normal motions of affected bodies of water. MC-LR aerosol exposure has been linked to a pro-inflammatory influence on the airways of mice; however, little is understood about the underlying mechanism or the potential consequences. This study aimed to investigate the pro-inflammatory effects of aerosolized MC-LR on murine airways. C57BL/6 and BALB/c mice were exposed to MC-LR aerosols, as these strains are predisposed to type 1/type 17 and type 2 immune responses, respectively. Exposure to MC-LR induced granulocytic inflammation in C57BL/6 but not BALB/c mice, as observed by increased expression of cytokines MIP-1α, CXCL1, CCL2, and GM-CSF compared with their respective vehicle controls. Furthermore, the upregulation of interleukins IL-17A and IL-12 is consistent with Th1- and Th17-driven type 1/type 17 inflammation. Histological analysis confirmed inflammation in the C57BL/6 lungs, with elevated neutrophils and macrophages in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and increased pro-inflammatory and pro-resolving oxidized lipids. In contrast, BALB/c mice showed no significant airway inflammation. These results highlight the ability of aerosolized MC-LR to trigger harmful airway inflammation, requiring further research, particularly into populations with predispositions to type 1/type 17 inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua D. Breidenbach
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, 2801 W. Bancroft, Toledo, OH 43614, USA; (J.D.B.); (B.W.F.); (B.T.); (V.A.); (S.C.P.); (A.L.); (A.L.K.); (P.D.); (S.Z.); (D.F.); (J.C.W.); (J.R.H.); (D.M.); (L.D.D.)
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614, USA; (I.S.); (R.M.W.)
- Biochemistry and Biotechnology Group, Bioscience Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA
| | - Benjamin W. French
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, 2801 W. Bancroft, Toledo, OH 43614, USA; (J.D.B.); (B.W.F.); (B.T.); (V.A.); (S.C.P.); (A.L.); (A.L.K.); (P.D.); (S.Z.); (D.F.); (J.C.W.); (J.R.H.); (D.M.); (L.D.D.)
| | - Lauren M. Stanoszek
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614, USA; (L.M.S.); (T.M.B.); (A.G.)
| | - John-Paul Lavik
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Krishna Rao Maddipati
- Department of Pathology, Lipidomics Core Facility, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA;
| | - Sanduni H. Premathilaka
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606, USA; (S.H.P.); (D.B.-R.); (D.I.)
| | - David Baliu-Rodriguez
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606, USA; (S.H.P.); (D.B.-R.); (D.I.)
| | - Bivek Timalsina
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, 2801 W. Bancroft, Toledo, OH 43614, USA; (J.D.B.); (B.W.F.); (B.T.); (V.A.); (S.C.P.); (A.L.); (A.L.K.); (P.D.); (S.Z.); (D.F.); (J.C.W.); (J.R.H.); (D.M.); (L.D.D.)
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614, USA; (I.S.); (R.M.W.)
| | - Vaishnavi Aradhyula
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, 2801 W. Bancroft, Toledo, OH 43614, USA; (J.D.B.); (B.W.F.); (B.T.); (V.A.); (S.C.P.); (A.L.); (A.L.K.); (P.D.); (S.Z.); (D.F.); (J.C.W.); (J.R.H.); (D.M.); (L.D.D.)
| | - Shivani C. Patel
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, 2801 W. Bancroft, Toledo, OH 43614, USA; (J.D.B.); (B.W.F.); (B.T.); (V.A.); (S.C.P.); (A.L.); (A.L.K.); (P.D.); (S.Z.); (D.F.); (J.C.W.); (J.R.H.); (D.M.); (L.D.D.)
| | - Apurva Lad
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, 2801 W. Bancroft, Toledo, OH 43614, USA; (J.D.B.); (B.W.F.); (B.T.); (V.A.); (S.C.P.); (A.L.); (A.L.K.); (P.D.); (S.Z.); (D.F.); (J.C.W.); (J.R.H.); (D.M.); (L.D.D.)
| | - Irum Syed
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614, USA; (I.S.); (R.M.W.)
| | - Andrew L. Kleinhenz
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, 2801 W. Bancroft, Toledo, OH 43614, USA; (J.D.B.); (B.W.F.); (B.T.); (V.A.); (S.C.P.); (A.L.); (A.L.K.); (P.D.); (S.Z.); (D.F.); (J.C.W.); (J.R.H.); (D.M.); (L.D.D.)
| | - Thomas M. Blomquist
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614, USA; (L.M.S.); (T.M.B.); (A.G.)
| | - Amira Gohara
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614, USA; (L.M.S.); (T.M.B.); (A.G.)
| | - Prabhatchandra Dube
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, 2801 W. Bancroft, Toledo, OH 43614, USA; (J.D.B.); (B.W.F.); (B.T.); (V.A.); (S.C.P.); (A.L.); (A.L.K.); (P.D.); (S.Z.); (D.F.); (J.C.W.); (J.R.H.); (D.M.); (L.D.D.)
| | - Shungang Zhang
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, 2801 W. Bancroft, Toledo, OH 43614, USA; (J.D.B.); (B.W.F.); (B.T.); (V.A.); (S.C.P.); (A.L.); (A.L.K.); (P.D.); (S.Z.); (D.F.); (J.C.W.); (J.R.H.); (D.M.); (L.D.D.)
| | - Dhilhani Faleel
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, 2801 W. Bancroft, Toledo, OH 43614, USA; (J.D.B.); (B.W.F.); (B.T.); (V.A.); (S.C.P.); (A.L.); (A.L.K.); (P.D.); (S.Z.); (D.F.); (J.C.W.); (J.R.H.); (D.M.); (L.D.D.)
| | - Fatimah K. Khalaf
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Alkafeel, Najaf 54001, Iraq;
| | - Dragan Isailovic
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606, USA; (S.H.P.); (D.B.-R.); (D.I.)
| | - R. Mark Wooten
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614, USA; (I.S.); (R.M.W.)
| | - James C. Willey
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, 2801 W. Bancroft, Toledo, OH 43614, USA; (J.D.B.); (B.W.F.); (B.T.); (V.A.); (S.C.P.); (A.L.); (A.L.K.); (P.D.); (S.Z.); (D.F.); (J.C.W.); (J.R.H.); (D.M.); (L.D.D.)
| | - Jeffrey R. Hammersley
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, 2801 W. Bancroft, Toledo, OH 43614, USA; (J.D.B.); (B.W.F.); (B.T.); (V.A.); (S.C.P.); (A.L.); (A.L.K.); (P.D.); (S.Z.); (D.F.); (J.C.W.); (J.R.H.); (D.M.); (L.D.D.)
| | - Nikolai N. Modyanov
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614, USA;
| | - Deepak Malhotra
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, 2801 W. Bancroft, Toledo, OH 43614, USA; (J.D.B.); (B.W.F.); (B.T.); (V.A.); (S.C.P.); (A.L.); (A.L.K.); (P.D.); (S.Z.); (D.F.); (J.C.W.); (J.R.H.); (D.M.); (L.D.D.)
| | - Lance D. Dworkin
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, 2801 W. Bancroft, Toledo, OH 43614, USA; (J.D.B.); (B.W.F.); (B.T.); (V.A.); (S.C.P.); (A.L.); (A.L.K.); (P.D.); (S.Z.); (D.F.); (J.C.W.); (J.R.H.); (D.M.); (L.D.D.)
| | - David J. Kennedy
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, 2801 W. Bancroft, Toledo, OH 43614, USA; (J.D.B.); (B.W.F.); (B.T.); (V.A.); (S.C.P.); (A.L.); (A.L.K.); (P.D.); (S.Z.); (D.F.); (J.C.W.); (J.R.H.); (D.M.); (L.D.D.)
| | - Steven T. Haller
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, 2801 W. Bancroft, Toledo, OH 43614, USA; (J.D.B.); (B.W.F.); (B.T.); (V.A.); (S.C.P.); (A.L.); (A.L.K.); (P.D.); (S.Z.); (D.F.); (J.C.W.); (J.R.H.); (D.M.); (L.D.D.)
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Effects of centipedic acid on acute lung injury: A dose-response study in a murine model. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 2023; 310:103988. [PMID: 36423821 DOI: 10.1016/j.resp.2022.103988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Centipedic Acid (CPA), a natural diterpene from Egletes viscosa, an endemic species of the Caatinga biome, has shown antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. However, no report on the CPA on respiratory system mechanics has been so far advanced. We aimed to investigate the dose-response behavior of CPA on E. coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-triggered acute lung injury (ALI). Forty-eight C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into six groups: control (SS), induced to ALI (LPS), 4 groups induced to ALI pre-treated with 12.5, 25, 50 and 100 mg/kg of CPA (CPA12.5, CPA25, CPA50 and CPA100 groups). CPA 100 mg/kg could prevent inflammatory cell infiltration, alveolar collapse, changes in tissue micromechanics and lung function (airway resistance, tissue elastance, tissue resistance and Static compliance). These results indicate preventive potential of this compound in the installation of ALI.
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Liu H, Zeng X, Wang Y, Losiewicz MD, Chen X, Du X, Wang Y, Zhang B, Guo X, Yuan S, Yang F, Zhang H. Chronic Exposure to Environmentally Relevant Concentrations of Microcystin-Leucine Arginine Causes Lung Barrier Damage through PP2A Activity Inhibition and Claudin1 Ubiquitination. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:10907-10918. [PMID: 36026589 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c05207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Microcystin-leucine arginine (MC-LR), ubiquitous in water and food, is a threat to public health. In the present study, after C57BL/6J mice were fed with environmental concentrations of MC-LR (0, 1, 30, 60, 90, and 120 μg/L) for 6, 9, and 12 months, it was found that MC-LR could enter into mouse lung tissues and cause microstructural damage, as shown by western blotting and HE staining. Electron microscopy examination showed that MC-LR could damage the lung barrier by disruption of the tight junctions, which was confirmed by the decreased expression of tight junction markers, including Occludin, Claudin1, and ZO-1. In addition, MC-LR also increased the ubiquitination of Claudin1, indicating that MC-LR could disrupt tight junctions by promoting the degradation of Claudin1. Furthermore, MC-LR increased the levels of TNF-α and IL-6 in mouse lung tissues, leading to pneumonia. Importantly, pretreatment with PP2A activator D-erythro-sphingosine (DES) was found to significantly alleviate MC-LR-induced decrease of Occludin and Claudin1 by inhibiting the P-AKT/Snail pathway in vitro. Together, this study revealed that chronic exposure to MC-LR causes lung barrier damage, which involves PP2A activity inhibition and enhancement of Claudin1 ubiquitination. This study broadens the awareness of the toxic effects of MC-LR on the respiratory system, which has deep implications for public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haohao Liu
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou450001, Henan, China
| | - Xin Zeng
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou450001, Henan, China
| | - Yueqin Wang
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou450001, Henan, China
| | - Michael D Losiewicz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, St Mary's University, San Antonio78228, Texas, United States
| | - Xinghai Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, St Mary's University, San Antonio78228, Texas, United States
| | - Xingde Du
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou450001, Henan, China
| | - Yongshui Wang
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou450001, Henan, China
| | - Bingyu Zhang
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou450001, Henan, China
| | - Xing Guo
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou450001, Henan, China
| | - Shumeng Yuan
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou450001, Henan, China
| | - Fei Yang
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Typical Environmental Pollution and Health Hazards, School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang421001, Hunan, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha410008, Hunan, China
| | - Huizhen Zhang
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou450001, Henan, China
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Mesquita FMD, de Oliveira DF, Caldeira DDAF, de Albuquerque JPC, Matta L, Faria CCD, Souza IIAD, Takiya CM, Fortunato RS, Nascimento JHM, de Oliveira Azevedo SMF, Zin WA, Maciel L. Subacute and sublethal ingestion of microcystin-LR impairs lung mitochondrial function by an oligomycin-like effect. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2022; 93:103887. [PMID: 35598755 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2022.103887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Microcystin-LR (MC-LR) is a potent cyanotoxin that can reach several organs. However subacute exposure to sublethal doses of MC-LR has not yet well been studied. Herein, we evaluated the outcomes of subacute and sublethal MC-LR exposure on lungs. Male BALB/c mice were exposed to MC-LR by gavage (30 µg/kg) for 20 consecutive days, whereas CTRL mice received filtered water. Respiratory mechanics was not altered in MC-LR group, but histopathology disclosed increased collagen deposition, immunological cell infiltration, and higher percentage of collapsed alveoli. Mitochondrial function was extensively affected in MC-LR animals. Additionally, a direct in vitro titration of MC-LR revealed impaired mitochondrial function. In conclusion, MC-LR presented an intense deleterious effect on lung mitochondrial function and histology. Furthermore, MC-LR seems to exert an oligomycin-like effect in lung mitochondria. This study opens new perspectives for the understanding of the putative pulmonary initial mechanisms of damage resulting from oral MC-LR intoxication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flávia Muniz de Mesquita
- Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Leonardo Matta
- Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Caroline Coelho de Faria
- Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Itanna Isis Araujo de Souza
- Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Christina Maeda Takiya
- Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Soares Fortunato
- Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | | | | | - Walter Araujo Zin
- Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Maciel
- Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Campus Professor Geraldo Cidade, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Duque de Caxias, RJ, Brazil.
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Viana MDM, de Lima AA, da Silva Neto GJ, da Silva SMA, Leite AB, Dos Santos EC, Bassi ÊJ, Campesatto EA, de Queiroz AC, Barreiro EJ, Lima LM, Alexandre-Moreira MS. LASSBio-596: a New Pre-clinical Candidate for Rheumatoid Arthritis? Inflammation 2021; 45:528-543. [PMID: 34697722 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-021-01564-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Pain and inflammatory disorders are significant health problems because of prevalence and associated disabilities. In this context, LASSBio-596 is a hybrid compound able to modulate TNF-α and phosphodiesterases 4 and 5, exhibiting an anti-inflammatory effect in the pulmonary inflammatory model. Aiming at a better description of the activities of LASSBio-596, we initially conducted nociception tests (acetic acid-induced abdominal writhing, glutamate, and formalin-induced nociception and hot plate test) and later inflammatory tests (acute, peritonitis; and chronic, arthritis) that directed us to this last one. In the abdominal writhing test, there was a dose-dependent inhibition, whose response occurred at the maximum dose (50 mg/kg, p.o.), used in the subsequent tests. LASSBio-596 also inhibited nociception induced by chemical (glutamate by 31.9%; and formalin, in both phases, 1st phase: 25.7%; 2nd phase: 23.9%) and thermal agents (hotplate, by increased latency for pain at two different times). These effects were independent of the motor function, legitimated in rotarod. As there was a response in the inflammatory component of nociception, we performed the peritonitis test, in which migration was inhibited by LASSBio-596 by 39.9%. As the inflammatory process is present in autoimmune diseases, we also performed the arthritis test. LASSBio-596 reduced paw edema from the 15th day to the 21st day of treatment (no liver changes and with fewer paw injuries). In addition, LASSBio-596 decreased serum levels of TNF-α by 67.1%. These data demonstrated the antinociceptive effect of LASSBio-596 and reinforces its anti-inflammatory property (i.e., RA), amplifying the therapeutic potential of this molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max Denisson Maurício Viana
- Pharmacology and Immunity Laboratory, Institute of Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Alagoas, Av. Lourival Melo Mota, SN, Tabuleiro do Martins, Maceio, AL, 57072-900, Brazil.
| | | | - Geraldo José da Silva Neto
- Laboratory of Catalysis and Chemical Reactivity, Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceio, AL, 57072-900, Brazil
| | - Suellen Maria Albuquerque da Silva
- Pharmacology and Immunity Laboratory, Institute of Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceio, AL, 57072-900, Brazil
| | - Anderson Brandão Leite
- Institute of Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceio, AL, 57072-900, Brazil
| | - Elane Conceição Dos Santos
- Immunoregulation Research Group, Laboratory of Research in Virology and Immunology, Institute of Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Alagoas, AL, 57072-900, Maceio, Brazil
| | - Ênio José Bassi
- Immunoregulation Research Group, Laboratory of Research in Virology and Immunology, Institute of Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Alagoas, AL, 57072-900, Maceio, Brazil
| | - Eliane Aparecida Campesatto
- Pharmacology and Immunity Laboratory, Institute of Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceio, AL, 57072-900, Brazil
| | - Aline Cavalcanti de Queiroz
- Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology Laboratory, Medical and Nursing Sciences Complex, Federal University of Alagoas - Campus Arapiraca, Av. Manoel Severino Barbosa - Bom Sucesso, Arapiraca, AL, 57309-005, Brazil
| | - Eliezer Jesus Barreiro
- Laboratory for Evaluation and Synthesis of Bioactive Substances, LASSBio®, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, PO Box 68024, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21944-910, Brazil
| | - Lidia Moreira Lima
- Laboratory for Evaluation and Synthesis of Bioactive Substances, LASSBio®, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, PO Box 68024, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21944-910, Brazil
| | - Magna Suzana Alexandre-Moreira
- Pharmacology and Immunity Laboratory, Institute of Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceio, AL, 57072-900, Brazil
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Wang J, Zhang C, Zhu J, Ding J, Chen Y, Han X. Blood-brain barrier disruption and inflammation reaction in mice after chronic exposure to Microcystin-LR. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 689:662-678. [PMID: 31279213 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.06.387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2019] [Revised: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/23/2019] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Microcystin-leucine-arginine (MC-LR), which produced by toxic cyanobacteria and widely present in eutrophic waters, has been shown to have potent acute hepatotoxicity. MC-LR has been revealed to inflict damage to brain, while the neurotoxicity of chronic exposure to MC-LR and mechanisms underlying it are still confusing. Here, the mice were exposed to MC-LR dissolved in drinking water at dose of 1, 7.5, 15, and 30 μg/L for consecutive 180 days. MC-LR accumulated in mouse brains and impaired the blood-brain barrier by inducing the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-8 (MMP-8), which was regulated by NF-κB, c-Fos and c-Jun. Furthermore, MC-LR exposure induced microglial and astrocyte activation and resultant neuroinflammatory response. This study highlights the risks to human health of the current microcystin exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Immunology and Reproduction Biology Laboratory, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China; State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Changliang Zhang
- Immunology and Reproduction Biology Laboratory, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China; State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Jinling Zhu
- Immunology and Reproduction Biology Laboratory, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China; State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Jie Ding
- Immunology and Reproduction Biology Laboratory, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China; State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Yabing Chen
- Immunology and Reproduction Biology Laboratory, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China; State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China.
| | - Xiaodong Han
- Immunology and Reproduction Biology Laboratory, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China; State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China.
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Casquilho NV, Moreira-Gomes MD, Magalhães CB, Okuro RT, Ortenzi VH, Feitosa-Lima EK, Lima LM, Barreiro EJ, Soares RM, Azevedo SMFO, Valença SS, Fortunato RS, Carvalho AR, Zin WA. Oxidative imbalance in mice intoxicated by microcystin-LR can be minimized. Toxicon 2018; 144:75-82. [PMID: 29454806 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2018.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Revised: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Microcystins-LR (MC-LR) is a cyanotoxin produced by cyanobacteria. We evaluated the antioxidant potential of LASSBio-596 (LB-596, inhibitor of phosphodiesterases 4 and 5), per os, and biochemical markers involved in lung and liver injury induced by exposure to sublethal dose of MC-LR. Fifty male Swiss mice received an intraperitoneal injection of 60 μL of saline (CTRL group, n = 20) or a sublethal dose of MC-LR (40 μg/kg, TOX group, n = 20). After 6 h the animals received either saline (TOX and CTRL groups) or LB-596 (50 mg/kg, TOX + LASS group, n = 10) by gavage. At 6 h after exposure, respiratory mechanics was evaluated in 10 CTRL and 10 TOX mice: there was a significant increase of all lung mechanics parameters (static elastance, viscoelastic component of elastance and lung resistive and viscoelastic/inhomogeneous pressures) in TOX compared to CTRL. 8 h after saline or MC-LR administration, i.e., 2 h after treatment with LB-596, blood serum levels of alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase, activity of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and content of malondialdehyde and carbonyl in lung and liver, NADPH oxidase 2 and 4 mRNA expressions, dual oxidase enzyme activity and H2O2 generation were analyzed in lung homogenates. All parameters were significantly higher in TOX than in the other groups. There was no significant difference between CTRL and TOX + LASS. MC-LR deteriorated lung and liver functions and induced redox imbalance in them, which was prevented by oral administration of LB-596.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natália V Casquilho
- Laboratory of Respiration Physiology, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Maria Diana Moreira-Gomes
- Laboratory of Respiratory Physiology and Biochemistry, Superior Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Clarissa B Magalhães
- Laboratory of Respiration Physiology, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Renata T Okuro
- Laboratory of Respiration Physiology, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Victor Hugo Ortenzi
- Laboratory of Molecular Radiobiology, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Emanuel K Feitosa-Lima
- Laboratory of Biology Redox, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Lidia M Lima
- Laboratory of Evaluation and Synthesis of Bioactive Substances (LASSBio(®)), Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Eliezer J Barreiro
- Laboratory of Evaluation and Synthesis of Bioactive Substances (LASSBio(®)), Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Raquel M Soares
- Laboratory of Ecophysiology and Toxicology of Cyanobacteria, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; NUMPEX-BIO - Multidisciplinar Center of Biological Research, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Polo Xerém, Duque de Caxias, RJ, Brazil
| | - Sandra M F O Azevedo
- Laboratory of Ecophysiology and Toxicology of Cyanobacteria, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Samuel S Valença
- Laboratory of Biology Redox, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo S Fortunato
- Laboratory of Molecular Radiobiology, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Alysson Roncally Carvalho
- Laboratory of Respiration Physiology, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Walter A Zin
- Laboratory of Respiration Physiology, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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