1
|
Kalhor K, Chen CJ, Lee HS, Cai M, Nafisi M, Que R, Palmer CR, Yuan Y, Zhang Y, Li X, Song J, Knoten A, Lake BB, Gaut JP, Keene CD, Lein E, Kharchenko PV, Chun J, Jain S, Fan JB, Zhang K. Mapping human tissues with highly multiplexed RNA in situ hybridization. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2511. [PMID: 38509069 PMCID: PMC10954689 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46437-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
In situ transcriptomic techniques promise a holistic view of tissue organization and cell-cell interactions. There has been a surge of multiplexed RNA in situ mapping techniques but their application to human tissues has been limited due to their large size, general lower tissue quality and high autofluorescence. Here we report DART-FISH, a padlock probe-based technology capable of profiling hundreds to thousands of genes in centimeter-sized human tissue sections. We introduce an omni-cell type cytoplasmic stain that substantially improves the segmentation of cell bodies. Our enzyme-free isothermal decoding procedure allows us to image 121 genes in large sections from the human neocortex in <10 h. We successfully recapitulated the cytoarchitecture of 20 neuronal and non-neuronal subclasses. We further performed in situ mapping of 300 genes on a diseased human kidney, profiled >20 healthy and pathological cell states, and identified diseased niches enriched in transcriptionally altered epithelial cells and myofibroblasts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kian Kalhor
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Chien-Ju Chen
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Program in Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Ho Suk Lee
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Matthew Cai
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Mahsa Nafisi
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Richard Que
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Carter R Palmer
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Program in Biomedical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Yixu Yuan
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Yida Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Jinghui Song
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Amanda Knoten
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Blue B Lake
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Altos Labs, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Joseph P Gaut
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St.Louis, MO, USA
| | - C Dirk Keene
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Ed Lein
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, 98103, USA
| | - Peter V Kharchenko
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Altos Labs, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Jerold Chun
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Sanjay Jain
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St.Louis, MO, USA
| | | | - Kun Zhang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Altos Labs, San Diego, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kalhor K, Chen CJ, Lee HS, Cai M, Nafisi M, Que R, Palmer C, Yuan Y, Zhang Y, Song J, Knoten A, Lake BB, Gaut JP, Keene D, Lein E, Kharchenko PV, Chun J, Jain S, Fan JB, Zhang K. Mapping Human Tissues with Highly Multiplexed RNA in situ Hybridization. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.08.16.553610. [PMID: 37645998 PMCID: PMC10462101 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.16.553610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
In situ transcriptomic techniques promise a holistic view of tissue organization and cell-cell interactions. Recently there has been a surge of multiplexed RNA in situ techniques but their application to human tissues and clinical biopsies has been limited due to their large size, general lower tissue quality and high background autofluorescence. Here we report DART-FISH, a versatile padlock probe-based technology capable of profiling hundreds to thousands of genes in centimeter-sized human tissue sections at cellular resolution. We introduced an omni-cell type cytoplasmic stain, dubbed RiboSoma that substantially improves the segmentation of cell bodies. We developed a computational decoding-by-deconvolution workflow to extract gene spots even in the presence of optical crowding. Our enzyme-free isothermal decoding procedure allowed us to image 121 genes in a large section from the human neocortex in less than 10 hours, where we successfully recapitulated the cytoarchitecture of 20 neuronal and non-neuronal subclasses. Additionally, we demonstrated the detection of transcripts as short as 461 nucleotides, including neuropeptides and discovered new cortical layer markers. We further performed in situ mapping of 300 genes on a diseased human kidney, profiled >20 healthy and pathological cell states, and identified diseased niches enriched in transcriptionally altered epithelial cells and myofibroblasts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kian Kalhor
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- These authors contributed equally
| | - Chien-Ju Chen
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Program in Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- These authors contributed equally
| | - Ho Suk Lee
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Matthew Cai
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Mahsa Nafisi
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Richard Que
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Carter Palmer
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
- Program in Biomedical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Yixu Yuan
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Yida Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jinghui Song
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Amanda Knoten
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Blue B. Lake
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Joseph P. Gaut
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St
| | - Dirk Keene
- University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Ed Lein
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA Louis, MO, USA
| | - Peter V. Kharchenko
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jerold Chun
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Sanjay Jain
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St
| | | | - Kun Zhang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Liao KM, Chen CJ, Luo WJ, Hsu CW, Yu SL, Yang PC, Su KY. Senomorphic effect of diphenyleneiodonium through AMPK/MFF/DRP1 mediated mitochondrial fission. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 162:114616. [PMID: 37004322 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
With an aging population and the numerous health impacts associated with old age, the identification of anti-aging drugs has become an important new research direction. Although mitochondria have been recognized to affect aging, anti-aging drugs specifically targeting the mitochondria are less well characterized. In this study, diphenyleneiodonium (DPI) was identified as a potential senomorphic drug that functions by promoting mitochondrial fission. DPI significantly reduced the number of senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SA-β-gal) positive cells and increased the number of proliferating Ki-67 positive cells in BrdU or irradiation stress-induced senescent NIH3T3 cells or IMR90 cells and mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) replicative senescent cells. Cell cycle arrest genes and senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) factors were downregulated with DPI treatment. In addition, the oxygen consumption rate (OCR) of mitochondrial respiration showed that DPI significantly reduced senescence-associated hyper OCR. Mechanistically, DPI promoted mitochondrial fission by enhancing AMPK/MFF phosphorylation and DRP1 mitochondrial translocation. Inhibition of DRP1 by Mdivi-1 abolished DPI-induced mitochondrial fission and the anti-senescence phenotype. Importantly, Eighty-eight-week-old mice treated with DPI had significantly reduced numbers of SA-β-gal positive cells and reduced expression of cell cycle arrest genes and SASP factors in their livers and kidneys. Pathological and functional assays showed DPI treatment not only reduced liver fibrosis and immune cell infiltration but also improved aged-related physical impairments in aged mice. Taken together, our study identified a potential anti-aging compound that exerts its effects through modulation of mitochondrial morphology.
Collapse
|
4
|
Zupin L, Psilodimitrakopoulos S, Celsi F, Papadimitriou L, Ranella A, Crovella S, Ricci G, Stratakis E, Pascolo L. Upside-Down Preference in the Forskolin-Induced In Vitro Differentiation of 50B11 Sensory Neurons: A Morphological Investigation by Label-Free Non-Linear Microscopy. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24098354. [PMID: 37176061 PMCID: PMC10179713 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we revealed a peculiar morphological feature of 50B11 nociceptive sensory neurons in in vitro culture related to the forskolin-induced differentiation of these cells growing upside-down on cover glass supports. Multi-photon non-linear microscopy was applied to monitor increased neurite arborization and elongation. Under live and unstained conditions, second harmonic generation (SHG) microscopy could monitor microtubule organization inside the cells while also correlating with the detection of cellular multi-photon autofluorescence, probably derived from mitochondria metabolites. Although the differentiated cells of each compartment did not differ significantly in tubulin or multi-photon autofluorescence contents, the upturned neurons were more elongated, presenting a higher length/width cellular ratio and longer neurites, indicative of differentiated cells. SHG originating from the axons' microtubules represented a proper tool to study neurons' inverted culture in live conditions without exogenous staining. This work represents the first instance of examining neuronal cell lines growing and differentiated in an upside-down orientation, allowing a possible improvement of 50B11 as a model in physiology studies of sensory neurons in peripheric nervous system disease (e.g., Fabry disease, Friedreich ataxia, Charcot-Marie-Tooth, porphyria, type 1 diabetes, Guillain-Barré syndrome in children) and analgesic drug screening.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Zupin
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, 34137 Trieste, Italy
| | - Sotiris Psilodimitrakopoulos
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, 70013 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Fulvio Celsi
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, 34137 Trieste, Italy
| | - Lina Papadimitriou
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, 70013 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Anthi Ranella
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, 70013 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Sergio Crovella
- Biological Science Program, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Qatar, Doha 2713, Qatar
| | - Giuseppe Ricci
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, 34137 Trieste, Italy
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, 34129 Trieste, Italy
| | - Emmanuel Stratakis
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, 70013 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
- Department of Physics, School of Sciences and Engineering, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Lorella Pascolo
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, 34137 Trieste, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Lin C, Peñaranda JSD, Dendooven J, Detavernier C, Schaubroeck D, Boon N, Baets R, Le Thomas N. UV photonic integrated circuits for far-field structured illumination autofluorescence microscopy. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4360. [PMID: 35896536 PMCID: PMC9329385 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-31989-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Ultra-violet (UV) light has still a limited scope in optical microscopy despite its potential advantages over visible light in terms of optical resolution and of interaction with a wide variety of biological molecules. The main challenge is to control in a robust, compact and cost-effective way UV light beams at the level of a single optical spatial mode and concomitantly to minimize the light propagation loss. To tackle this challenge, we present here photonic integrated circuits made of aluminum oxide thin layers that are compatible with both UV light and high-volume manufacturing. These photonic circuits designed at a wavelength of 360 nm enable super-resolved structured illumination microscopy with conventional wide-field microscopes and without modifying the usual protocol for handling the object to be imaged. As a biological application, we show that our UV photonic chips enable to image the autofluorescence of yeast cells and reveal features unresolved with standard wide-field microscopy. Here, the authors develop a UV-compatible photonic integrated circuit for structured illumination microscopy on a conventional wide-field microscope. Operating at a wavelength of 360 nm, they generate switchable far-field fringe patterns, and demonstrate autofluorescence imaging of yeast cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chupao Lin
- Photonics Research Group, INTEC Department, Ghent University-imec, 9052, Ghent, Belgium. .,Center for Nano- and Biophotonics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
| | | | - Jolien Dendooven
- Department of Solid State Sciences, CoCooN, Ghent University, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - David Schaubroeck
- Centre of Microsystems Technology (CMST), imec and Ghent University, 9052, Zwijnaarde, Belgium
| | - Nico Boon
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
| | - Roel Baets
- Photonics Research Group, INTEC Department, Ghent University-imec, 9052, Ghent, Belgium.,Center for Nano- and Biophotonics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Nicolas Le Thomas
- Photonics Research Group, INTEC Department, Ghent University-imec, 9052, Ghent, Belgium. .,Center for Nano- and Biophotonics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Characterisation of chemical damage on tissue structures by multispectral imaging and machine learning procedures: Alkaline hypochlorite effect in C. elegans. Comput Biol Med 2022; 145:105477. [DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2022.105477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
7
|
Shrirao AB, Schloss RS, Fritz Z, Shrirao MV, Rosen R, Yarmush ML. Autofluorescence of blood and its application in biomedical and clinical research. Biotechnol Bioeng 2021; 118:4550-4576. [PMID: 34487351 DOI: 10.1002/bit.27933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Autofluorescence of blood has been explored as a label free approach for detection of cell types, as well as for diagnosis and detection of infection, cancer, and other diseases. Although blood autofluorescence is used to indicate the presence of several physiological abnormalities with high sensitivity, it often lacks disease specificity due to use of a limited number of fluorophores in the detection of several abnormal conditions. In addition, the measurement of autofluorescence is sensitive to the type of sample, sample preparation, and spectroscopy method used for the measurement. Therefore, while current blood autofluorescence detection approaches may not be suitable for primary clinical diagnosis, it certainly has tremendous potential in developing methods for large scale screening that can identify high risk groups for further diagnosis using highly specific diagnostic tests. This review discusses the source of blood autofluorescence, the role of spectroscopy methods, and various applications that have used autofluorescence of blood, to explore the potential of blood autofluorescence in biomedical research and clinical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anil B Shrirao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
| | - Rene S Schloss
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
| | - Zachary Fritz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
| | - Mayur V Shrirao
- Department of pathology, Government Medical College, Nagpur, India
| | - Robert Rosen
- Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
| | - Martin L Yarmush
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Short AH, Al Aayedi N, Gaire M, Kreider M, Wong CK, Urayama P. Distinguishing chemically induced NADPH- and NADH-related metabolic responses using phasor analysis of UV-excited autofluorescence. RSC Adv 2021; 11:18757-18767. [PMID: 35478622 PMCID: PMC9033505 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra02648h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
NADPH and NADH are well known for their role in antioxidant defense and energy metabolism, respectively, however distinguishing their cellular autofluorescence signals is a challenge due to their nearly identical optical properties. Recent studies applying spectral phasor analysis to autofluorescence emission during chemically induced metabolic responses showed that two-component spectral behavior, i.e., spectral change acting as a superposition of two spectra, depended on whether one or multiple metabolic pathways were affected. Here, we use this property of spectral behavior to show that metabolic responses primarily involving NADPH or NADH can be distinguished. We start by observing that the cyanide-induced response at micro- and millimolar concentrations does not follow mutual two-component spectral behavior, suggesting their response mechanisms differ. While respiratory inhibition at millimolar cyanide concentration is well known and associated with the NADH pool, we find the autofluorescence response at micromolar cyanide concentration exhibits two-component spectral behavior with NADPH-linked EGCG- and peroxide-induced responses, suggesting an association with the NADPH pool. What emerges is a spectral phasor map useful for distinguishing cellular autofluorescence responses related to oxidative stress versus cellular respiration. A phasor approach was used to show that chemically induced cellular autofluorescence responses linked to NADPH and NADH pathways can be distinguished.![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Madhu Gaire
- Department of Physics
- Miami University
- Oxford
- USA
| | - Max Kreider
- Department of Physics
- Miami University
- Oxford
- USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Kacenauskaite L, Gabrielaitis D, Bærentsen N, Martinez KL, Vosch T, Laursen BW. Intrinsic anti-Stokes emission in living HeLa cells. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0230441. [PMID: 32176729 PMCID: PMC7075565 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0230441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Intrinsic fluorescence of biological material, also called auto-fluorescence, is a well-known phenomenon and has in recent years been used for imaging, diagnostics and cell viability studies. Here we show that in addition to commonly observed auto-fluorescence, intrinsic anti-Stokes emission can also be observed under 560 nm or 633 nm excitation. The anti-Stokes emission is shown to be spatially located on/in the mitochondria. The findings presented here show that sensitive imaging experiments e.g. single molecule experiments or two-photon excitation imaging can be compromised if intracellular anti-Stokes emission is not accounted for. On the other hand, we suggest that this anti-Stokes emission could be exploited as an additional modality for mitochondria visualization and cell viability investigation even in systems that are already labeled with commonly used fluorophores that rely on normal Stokes-based detection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Kacenauskaite
- Nano-Science Center & Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- * E-mail:
| | - Dovydas Gabrielaitis
- Nano-Science Center & Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nicolai Bærentsen
- Nano-Science Center & Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Karen L. Martinez
- Nano-Science Center & Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tom Vosch
- Nano-Science Center & Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bo W. Laursen
- Nano-Science Center & Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Oettmeier C, Döbereiner HG. Mitochondrial numbers increase during glucose deprivation in the slime mold Physarum polycephalum. PROTOPLASMA 2019; 256:1647-1655. [PMID: 31267225 PMCID: PMC6820597 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-019-01410-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Glucose deprivation in the slime mold Physarum polycephalum leads to a specific morphotype, a highly motile mesoplasmodium. We investigated the ultrastructure of both mesoplasmodia and non-starved plasmodia and found significantly increased numbers of mitochondria in glucose-deprived mesoplasmodia. The volume of individual mitochondria was the same in both growth forms. We conjecture that the number of mitochondria correlates with the metabolic state of the cell: When glucose is absent, the slime mold is forced to switch to different metabolic pathways, which occur inside mitochondria. Furthermore, a catabolic cue (such as AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)) could stimulate mitochondrial biogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christina Oettmeier
- Institut für Biophysik, Universität Bremen, NW1 Raum N4260, Otto-Hahn-Allee 1, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Hans-Günther Döbereiner
- Institut für Biophysik, Universität Bremen, NW1 Raum O4040, Postfach 330440, 28334 Bremen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Pandey R, Zhou R, Bordett R, Hunter C, Glunde K, Barman I, Valdez T, Finck C. Integration of diffraction phase microscopy and Raman imaging for label-free morpho-molecular assessment of live cells. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2019; 12:e201800291. [PMID: 30421505 PMCID: PMC6447451 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201800291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Revised: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Label-free quantitative imaging is highly desirable for studying live cells by extracting pathophysiological information without perturbing cell functions. Here, we demonstrate a novel label-free multimodal optical imaging system with the capability of providing comprehensive morphological and molecular attributes of live cells. Our morpho-molecular microscopy (3M) system draws on the combined strength of quantitative phase microscopy (QPM) and Raman microscopy to probe the morphological features and molecular fingerprinting characteristics of each cell under observation. While the commonr-path geometry of our QPM system allows for highly sensitive phase measurement, the Raman microscopy is equipped with dual excitation wavelengths and utilizes the same detection and dispersion system, making it a distinctive multi-wavelength system with a small footprint. We demonstrate the applicability of the 3M system by investigating nucleated and nonnucleated cells. This integrated label-free platform has a promising potential in preclinical research, as well as in clinical diagnosis in the near future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rishikesh Pandey
- Connecticut Children's Innovation Center, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut
| | - Renjie Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, Laser Biomedical Research Center, George R. Harrison Spectroscopy Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
- Laser Metrology and Biomedicine Lab, Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Shun Hing Institute of Advanced Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Rosalie Bordett
- Connecticut Children's Innovation Center, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut
| | - Ciera Hunter
- Connecticut Children's Innovation Center, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut
| | - Kristine Glunde
- The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Ishan Barman
- The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Tulio Valdez
- Department of Otolaryngology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California
| | - Christine Finck
- Connecticut Children's Innovation Center, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut
- Department of Surgery, Connecticut Children's Medical Center, Harford, Connecticut
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Marcek Chorvatova A, Kirchnerova J, Cagalinec M, Mateasik A, Chorvat D. Spectrally and spatially resolved laser-induced photobleaching of endogenous flavin fluorescence in cardiac myocytes. Cytometry A 2018; 95:13-23. [PMID: 30240113 PMCID: PMC6590054 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.23591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2018] [Revised: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Naturally occurring endogenous fluorescence of flavins, arising in response to excitation by visible light, offers broad opportunity to investigate mitochondrial metabolic state directly in living cells and tissues, including in clinical settings. However, photobleaching, the loss of the autofluorescence intensity following prolonged exposure to light is an inherent phenomenon occurring during the fluorescence acquisition, which can have a negative impact on the recorded data, particularly in the context of measurement of metabolic modulations in pathophysiological conditions. In the presented study, we present a detailed analysis of endogenous flavins fluorescence photobleaching arising in living cardiac cells during spectrally‐resolved confocal imaging. We demonstrate significant nonuniform photobleaching related to different bleaching rates of individual flavin components, resolved by linear spectral unmixing of the recorded signals. Induced photodamage was without effect on the cell morphology, but lead to significant modifications of the cell responsiveness to metabolic modulators and its contractility, suggesting functional metabolic alterations in the recorded cells. These findings point to the necessity of inducing limited photobleaching during metabolic screening in all studies involving visible light excitation and fluorescence acquisition in living cells. © 2018 The Authors Cytometry Part A published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alzbeta Marcek Chorvatova
- Department of Biophotonics, International Laser Centre, Ilkovicova 3, 84104, Bratislava, Slovakia.,Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Ss. Cyril and Methodius, J Herdu 1, 91702, Trnava, Slovakia
| | - Jana Kirchnerova
- Department of Biophotonics, International Laser Centre, Ilkovicova 3, 84104, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Michal Cagalinec
- Department of Biophotonics, International Laser Centre, Ilkovicova 3, 84104, Bratislava, Slovakia.,Department of Cellular Cardiology, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 84505, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Anton Mateasik
- Department of Biophotonics, International Laser Centre, Ilkovicova 3, 84104, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Dusan Chorvat
- Department of Biophotonics, International Laser Centre, Ilkovicova 3, 84104, Bratislava, Slovakia
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Boncler M, Lukasiak M, Dastych J, Golanski J, Watala C. Differentiated mitochondrial function in mouse 3T3 fibroblasts and human epithelial or endothelial cells in response to chemical exposure. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2018; 124:199-210. [PMID: 30137675 DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.13117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mouse 3T3 fibroblasts are commonly used for in vitro toxicity testing; however, their sensitivity to stimuli is not well defined. To assess the sensitivity of the 3T3 cell line, the study compared the changes in mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) occurring after exposure to eight chemicals known to demonstrate pro-apoptotic activity (glycerol, isopropanol, ethanol, paracetamol, propranolol, cobalt chloride, formaldehyde and atropine). Five cell lines were used as follows: mouse 3T3 fibroblasts, human epithelial cells (A549, Caco-2 and HepG2) and human endothelial cells (HMEC-1). Cell sensitivity was assessed based on the total area under and over the dose-response curves (AUOC) in relation to baselines. The 3T3 fibroblasts had the highest AUOC values and were the most sensitive to the action of all the examined chemicals, with the exception of formaldehyde. Significant changes in MMP between the 3T3 cell line and other cells were observed after cell treatment with atropine (A549, Caco-2 or HMEC-1 cells vs 3T3 cells, P < 0.05), propranolol (A549 vs 3T3 cells, P < 0.01; HepG2 vs 3T3 cells, P < 0.05), cobalt chloride (A549 cells vs 3T3 cells, P < 0.01) or ethanol (HMEC-1 vs 3T3, P < 0.05). Formaldehyde appeared the most toxic compound for Caco-2 cells (Caco-2 vs 3T3 cells, P < 0.05). The surface areas (AUOC) calculated for each other chemical and obtained for HepG2, Caco-2, A549 and HMEC-1 did not differ significantly between cell lines. We postulate that mouse 3T3 fibroblasts demonstrate significantly higher relative sensitivity to many agents with toxic potential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Boncler
- Department of Haemostasis and Haemostatic Disorders, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | | | - Jaroslaw Dastych
- Laboratory of Cellular Immunology, Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lodz, Poland
| | - Jacek Golanski
- Department of Haemostasis and Haemostatic Disorders, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Cezary Watala
- Department of Haemostasis and Haemostatic Disorders, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Maltas J, Palo D, Wong CK, Stefan S, O'Connor J, Al Aayedi N, Gaire M, Kinn D, Urayama P. A metabolic interpretation for the response of cellular autofluorescence to chemical perturbations assessed using spectral phasor analysis. RSC Adv 2018; 8:41526-41535. [PMID: 35559319 PMCID: PMC9092013 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra07691j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Analytical approaches for sensing cellular NADH conformation from autofluorescence signals have significance because NADH is a metabolic indicator and endogenous biomarker. Recently, spectral detection of multiple cellular NADH forms during chemically-induced metabolic response was reported, however because NADH is solvatochromic and the spectral change is small, the possibility of a non-metabolic interpretation needs to be considered. Here we investigate the response of UV-excited autofluorescence to a range of well-known chemicals affecting fermentation, respiration, and oxidative-stress pathways in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The two-component nature of the spectral response is assessed using phasor analysis. By considering a series of physically similar and dissimilar chemicals acting on multiple pathways, we show how the two-component nature of a spectral response is of metabolic origin, indicative of whether a single or several pathways have been affected. The two-component nature of the autofluorescence response is indicative of whether a single or several pathways are affected.![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeff Maltas
- Department of Physics
- Miami University
- Oxford
- USA
| | - Dylan Palo
- Department of Physics
- Miami University
- Oxford
- USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Madhu Gaire
- Department of Physics
- Miami University
- Oxford
- USA
| | - Diana Kinn
- Department of Physics
- Miami University
- Oxford
- USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Yong D, Ding D. Lasing with cell-endogenous fluorophores: parameters and conditions. Sci Rep 2017; 7:13569. [PMID: 29051508 PMCID: PMC5648766 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-12711-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The notion of lasing with biologics has recently been realized and has rapidly developed with the collective objective of creating lasers in vivo. One major limitation of achieving this is the requirement of exogenous dyes and fluorescent materials. We thus investigate for the first time the possibility of lasing unlabelled cells, using just cell-endogenous fluorophores - the source of cell autofluorescence. In this work, we theoretically studied the lasing potential and efficiency of flavins and reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (phosphate) (NAD(P)H) using a dye lasing model based on coupled rate equations. Analytical solutions for one- and two-photon pumped system were used in multi-parameter studies. We found that at physiological conditions, the more abundant NAD(P)H can be lased with a cavity quality factor of 105. We then recommended the tuning of intersystem crossing to make the lasing of flavins feasible even at their low physiological concentrations. Under conditions of reduced intersystem crossing, we concluded that it is more practical to lase unlabelled cells using flavins, because lasing thresholds and cavity quality factors were both at least an order lower. We also note the higher threshold requirements and lower efficiencies of two-photon pumping, but recognize its potential for realizing lasing in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Derrick Yong
- Precision Measurements Group, Singapore Institute of Manufacturing Technology, 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-04, 138634, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Ding Ding
- Precision Measurements Group, Singapore Institute of Manufacturing Technology, 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-04, 138634, Singapore, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Rösner J, Liotta A, Angamo EA, Spies C, Heinemann U, Kovács R. Minimizing photodecomposition of flavin adenine dinucleotide fluorescence by the use of pulsed LEDs. J Microsc 2016; 264:215-223. [PMID: 27368071 DOI: 10.1111/jmi.12436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Revised: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 05/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Dynamic alterations in flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) fluorescence permit insight into energy metabolism-dependent changes of intramitochondrial redox potential. Monitoring FAD fluorescence in living tissue is impeded by photobleaching, restricting the length of microfluorimetric recordings. In addition, photodecomposition of these essential electron carriers negatively interferes with energy metabolism and viability of the biological specimen. Taking advantage of pulsed LED illumination, here we determined the optimal excitation settings giving the largest fluorescence yield with the lowest photobleaching and interference with metabolism in hippocampal brain slices. The effects of FAD bleaching on energy metabolism and viability were studied by monitoring tissue pO2 , field potentials and changes in extracellular potassium concentration ([K+ ]o ). Photobleaching with continuous illumination consisted of an initial exponential decrease followed by a nearly linear decay. The exponential decay was significantly decelerated with pulsed illumination. Pulse length of 5 ms was sufficient to reach a fluorescence output comparable to continuous illumination, whereas further increasing duration increased photobleaching. Similarly, photobleaching increased with shortening of the interpulse interval. Photobleaching was partially reversible indicating the existence of a transient nonfluorescent flavin derivative. Pulsed illumination decreased FAD photodecomposition, improved slice viability and reproducibility of stimulus-induced FAD, field potential, [K+ ]o and pO2 changes as compared to continuous illumination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Rösner
- Neuroscience Research Center, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin
| | - A Liotta
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin
| | - E A Angamo
- Neuroscience Research Center, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin
| | - C Spies
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin
| | - U Heinemann
- Neuroscience Research Center, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin
| | - R Kovács
- Institute for Neurophysiology, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Functional hyperspectral imaging captures subtle details of cell metabolism in olfactory neurosphere cells, disease-specific models of neurodegenerative disorders. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2015; 1863:56-63. [PMID: 26431992 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2015.09.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2015] [Revised: 08/17/2015] [Accepted: 09/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Hyperspectral imaging uses spectral and spatial image information for target detection and classification. In this work hyperspectral autofluorescence imaging was applied to patient olfactory neurosphere-derived cells, a cell model of a human metabolic disease MELAS (mitochondrial myopathy, encephalomyopathy, lactic acidosis, stroke-like syndrome). By using an endogenous source of contrast subtle metabolic variations have been detected between living cells in their full morphological context which made it possible to distinguish healthy from diseased cells before and after therapy. Cellular maps of native fluorophores, flavins, bound and free NADH and retinoids unveiled subtle metabolic signatures and helped uncover significant cell subpopulations, in particular a subpopulation with compromised mitochondrial function. Taken together, our results demonstrate that multispectral spectral imaging provides a new non-invasive method to investigate neurodegenerative and other disease models, and it paves the way for novel cellular characterisation in health, disease and during treatment, with proper account of intrinsic cellular heterogeneity.
Collapse
|
18
|
Meinig JM, Peterson BR. Anticancer/antiviral agent Akt inhibitor-IV massively accumulates in mitochondria and potently disrupts cellular bioenergetics. ACS Chem Biol 2015; 10:570-6. [PMID: 25415586 PMCID: PMC4340353 DOI: 10.1021/cb500856c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Inhibitors
of the PI3-kinase/Akt (protein kinase B) pathway are
under investigation as anticancer and antiviral agents. Akt inhibitor-IV
(ChemBridge 5233705, CAS 681281-88-9, AKTIV), a small molecule reported
to inhibit this pathway, exhibits potent anticancer and broad-spectrum
antiviral activity. However, depending on concentration, this cationic
benzimidazole derivative exhibits paradoxical positive or negative
effects on the phosphorylation of Akt that are not well understood.
To elucidate its mechanism of action, we investigated its spectroscopic
properties. This compound proved to be sufficiently fluorescent (excitation
λmax = 388 nm, emission λmax = 460
nm) to enable examination of its uptake and distribution in living
mammalian cells. Despite a low quantum yield of 0.0016, imaging of
HeLa cells treated with AKTIV (1 μM, 5 min) by confocal laser
scanning microscopy, with excitation at 405 nm, revealed extensive
accumulation in mitochondria. Treatment of Jurkat lymphocytes with
1 μM AKTIV for 15 min caused accumulation to over 250 μM
in these organelles, whereas treatment with 5 μM AKTIV yielded
concentrations of over 1 mM in mitochondria, as analyzed by flow cytometry.
This massive loading resulted in swelling of these organelles, followed
by their apparent disintegration. These effects were associated with
profound disruption of cellular bioenergetics including mitochondrial
depolarization, diminished mitochondrial respiration, and release
of reactive oxygen species. Because mitochondria play key roles in
both cancer proliferation and viral replication, we conclude that
the anticancer and antiviral activities of AKTIV predominantly result
from its direct and immediate effects on the structure and function
of mitochondria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J. Matthew Meinig
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
| | - Blake R. Peterson
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
|
20
|
Abstract
Mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) sustains organelle function and plays a central role in cellular energy metabolism. The OXPHOS system consists of 5 multisubunit complexes (CI-CV) that are built up of 92 different structural proteins encoded by the nuclear (nDNA) and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). Biogenesis of a functional OXPHOS system further requires the assistance of nDNA-encoded OXPHOS assembly factors, of which 35 are currently identified. In humans, mutations in both structural and assembly genes and in genes involved in mtDNA maintenance, replication, transcription, and translation induce 'primary' OXPHOS disorders that are associated with neurodegenerative diseases including Leigh syndrome (LS), which is probably the most classical OXPHOS disease during early childhood. Here, we present the current insights regarding function, biogenesis, regulation, and supramolecular architecture of the OXPHOS system, as well as its genetic origin. Next, we provide an inventory of OXPHOS structural and assembly genes which, when mutated, induce human neurodegenerative disorders. Finally, we discuss the consequences of mutations in OXPHOS structural and assembly genes at the single cell level and how this information has advanced our understanding of the role of OXPHOS dysfunction in neurodegeneration.
Collapse
|
21
|
Rösner J, Liotta A, Schmitz D, Heinemann U, Kovács R. A LED-based method for monitoring NAD(P)H and FAD fluorescence in cell cultures and brain slices. J Neurosci Methods 2012; 212:222-7. [PMID: 23142181 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2012.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2012] [Revised: 10/18/2012] [Accepted: 11/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Nicotinamide- and flavine-adenine-dinucleotides (NAD(P)H and FADH₂) are electron carriers involved in cellular energy metabolism and in a multitude of enzymatic processes. As reduced NAD(P)H and oxidised FAD molecules are fluorescent, changes in tissue auto-fluorescence provide valuable information on the cellular redox state and energy metabolism. Since fluorescence excitation, by mercury arc lamps (HBO) is inherently coupled to photo-bleaching and photo-toxicity, microfluorimetric monitoring of energy metabolism might benefit from the replacement of HBO lamps by light emitting diodes (LEDs). Here we describe a LED-based custom-built setup for monitoring NAD(P)H and FAD fluorescence at the level of single cells (HEK293) and of brain slices. We compared NAD(P)H bleaching characteristics with two light sources (HBO lamp and LED) as well as sensitivity and signal to noise ratio of three different detector types (multi-pixel photon counter (MPPC), photomultiplier tube (PMT) and photodiode). LED excitation resulted in reduced photo-bleaching at the same fluorescence output in comparison to excitation with the HBO lamp. Transiently increasing LED power resulted in reversible bleaching of NAD(P)H fluorescence. Recovery kinetics were dependent on metabolic substrates indicating coupling of NAD(P)H fluorescence to metabolism. Electrical stimulation of brain slices induced biphasic redox changes, as indicated by NAD(P)H/FAD fluorescence transients. Increasing the gain of PMT and decreasing the LED power resulted in similar sensitivity as obtained with the MPPC and the photodiode, without worsening the signal to noise ratio. In conclusion, replacement of HBO lamp with LED might improve conventional PMT based microfluorimetry of tissue auto-fluorescence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jörg Rösner
- Neuroscience Research Center, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Kühn J, Shaffer E, Mena J, Breton B, Parent J, Rappaz B, Chambon M, Emery Y, Magistretti P, Depeursinge C, Marquet P, Turcatti G. Label-free cytotoxicity screening assay by digital holographic microscopy. Assay Drug Dev Technol 2012; 11:101-7. [PMID: 23062077 DOI: 10.1089/adt.2012.476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We introduce a label-free technology based on digital holographic microscopy (DHM) with applicability for screening by imaging, and we demonstrate its capability for cytotoxicity assessment using mammalian living cells. For this first high content screening compatible application, we automatized a digital holographic microscope for image acquisition of cells using commercially available 96-well plates. Data generated through both label-free DHM imaging and fluorescence-based methods were in good agreement for cell viability identification and a Z'-factor close to 0.9 was determined, validating the robustness of DHM assay for phenotypic screening. Further, an excellent correlation was obtained between experimental cytotoxicity dose-response curves and known IC50 values for different toxic compounds. For comparable results, DHM has the major advantages of being label free and close to an order of magnitude faster than automated standard fluorescence microscopy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Kühn
- Biomolecular Screening Facility, Swiss Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Li Q, Zhou LY, Gao GF, Jiao JQ, Li PF. Mitochondrial network in the heart. Protein Cell 2012; 3:410-8. [PMID: 22752872 DOI: 10.1007/s13238-012-2921-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2012] [Accepted: 03/17/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are subcellular organelles that provide energy for the cell. They form a dynamic tubular network and play an important role in maintaining the cell function and integrity. Heart is a powerful organ that supplies the motivation for circulation, thereby requiring large amounts of energy. Thus, the healthiness of cardiomyocytes and mitochondria is necessary for the normal cardiac function. Mitochondria not only lie in the center of the cell apoptotic pathway, but also are the major source of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. Mitochondrial morphological change includes fission and fusion that are regulated by a large number of proteins. In this review we discuss the regulators of mitochondrial fission/fusion and their association with cell apoptosis, autophagy and ROS production in the heart.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qian Li
- Division of Cardiovascular Research, State Key Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Biotechnology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|