1
|
Wang H, Jia M, Chang Y, Ling X, Qi W, Chen H, Chen F, Bai H, Jiang Y, Zhou C. Hydrogen sulfide donor NaHS inhibits formaldehyde-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition in human lung epithelial cells via activating TGF-β1/Smad2/3 and MAPKs signaling pathways. Curr Res Toxicol 2024; 7:100199. [PMID: 39524036 PMCID: PMC11550156 DOI: 10.1016/j.crtox.2024.100199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2024] [Revised: 09/30/2024] [Accepted: 10/10/2024] [Indexed: 11/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Formaldehyde (FA) long term exposure leads to abnormal pulmonary function and small airway obstruction of the patients. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is one of the recognized gaseous transmitters involved in a wide range of cellular functions. It is unknown the involvement of H2S in FA-induced lung injury. The purpose of this study is to investigate the therapeutic potential and mechanism of H2S on FA-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of human lung epithelial cells. The cell viability of Beas2B and A549 cells after FA treatment were assessed using MTT assay. The endogenous H2S was visualized by fluorescence microscopy using of the 7-azido-4-methylcoumarin (AzMC). Cell morphology was observed under phase contrast microscope. The mRNAs and proteins level were evaluated by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and western blotting assays. FA treatment downregulated the endogenous H2S levels and the mRNAs and proteins level of H2S synthesizing enzymes, such as cystathionine-β-synthase (CBS), cystathionine-γ-lyase (CSE), and 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase (3-MST) in Beas2B and A549 cells. FA treatment changed the cell morphology of Beas2B cells from cuboid to a spindle-shape, while declined the protein level of E-cadherin and increased the protein level of Vimentin. Moreover, FA treatment increased the proteins level of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), phosphorylated-Smad2 (p-Smad2), phosphorylated-Smad3 (p-Smad3), phosphorylated-extracellular signal-regulated kinase (p-ERK), phosphorylated-c-Jun N-terminal kinase (p-JNK), and phosphorylated-P38 (p-P38). Furthermore, the inhibitors of TGF-β receptor type 1 (TGFβRI) and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) signaling pathways reversed FA-induced decrease in E-cadherin expression and increase in Vimentin expression in Beas2B cells. Sodium hydrogen sulfide (NaHS) increased the level of H2S, while reversed FA-induced the low expression of E-cadherin and the high expression of Vimentin, TGF-β1, p-Smad2, p-Smad3, p-ERK, p-JNK, and p-P38. These findings indicates FA treatment downregulating the endogenous H2S in human lung epithelial cells. NaHS may inhibit FA-induced EMT in human lung epithelial cells via modulating TGF-β1/Smad2/3 and MAPKs signaling pathways. Therefore, we demonstrated that supplementation of exogenous H2S may inhibit FA-induced lung injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yuxin Chang
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, Anhui, PR China
| | - Xingwei Ling
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, Anhui, PR China
| | - Wenyan Qi
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, Anhui, PR China
| | - Hongtao Chen
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, Anhui, PR China
| | - Feipeng Chen
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, Anhui, PR China
| | - Haiyang Bai
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, Anhui, PR China
| | - Yuhan Jiang
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, Anhui, PR China
| | - Chengfan Zhou
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, Anhui, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Park CM, Jeon S, Yang MJ, Kim MS. Differences in impact on disease or lung injury depending on the physicochemical characteristics of harmful chemicals in the PAH model. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 283:116838. [PMID: 39128447 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 07/30/2024] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024]
Abstract
The number of individuals with underlying medical conditions has been increasing steadily. These individuals are relatively vulnerable to harmful external factors. But it has not been proven that the effects of hazardous chemicals may differ depending on their physicochemical properties. This study determines the toxic effects of two chemicals with high indoor exposure risk and different physicochemical properties on an underlying disease model. A pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) model was constructed by a single subcutaneous injection of monocrotaline (MCT; 60 mg/kg) into Sprague-Dawley rats. After three weeks, formaldehyde (FA; 2.5 mg/kg) and polyhexamethylene guanidine (PHMG; 0.05 mg/kg) were administered once via intratracheal instillation, and rats were necropsied one week later. Exposure to FA and PHMG affected organ weight and the Fulton and toxicity indices in rats induced with PAH. FA promoted bronchial injury and aggravated PAH, while PHMG only induced alveolar injury. Additionally, the differentially expressed genes were altered following exposure to FA and PHMG, as were the associated diseases (cardiovascular disease and pulmonary fibrosis, respectively). In conclusion, inhaled chemicals with different physicochemical properties can cause damage to organs, such as the lungs and heart, and can aggravate underlying diseases. This study elucidates indoor inhaled exposure-induced toxicities and alerts patients with pre-existing diseases to the harmful chemicals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chul-Min Park
- Inhalation Toxicology Research Group, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Jeongeup-si, Jeollabuk-do 56212, South Korea; Division of Practical Research, Honam National Institute of Biological Resources, Mokpo-si, Jeollanam-do 58762, South Korea
| | - Seulgi Jeon
- Inhalation Toxicology Research Group, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Jeongeup-si, Jeollabuk-do 56212, South Korea
| | - Mi-Jin Yang
- Pathology Research Group, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Jeongeup-si, Jeollabuk-do 56212, South Korea
| | - Min-Seok Kim
- Inhalation Toxicology Research Group, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Jeongeup-si, Jeollabuk-do 56212, South Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Marcano-Gómez EC, de Souza ABF, Machado-Junior PA, Rodríguez-Herrera AJ, Castro TDF, da Silva SPG, Vieira RG, Talvani A, Nogueira KDOPC, de Oliveira LAM, Bezerra FS. N-acetylcysteine modulates redox imbalance and inflammation in macrophages and mice exposed to formaldehyde. Free Radic Res 2023; 57:444-459. [PMID: 37987619 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2023.2284636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the protective role of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) in cells and mice exposed to formaldehyde. For the in vitro study, J774A.1 macrophages cells were incubated for 8, 16 and 24 h with formaldehyde or NAC to assess cell viability and reactive oxygen species (ROS). In the in vivo study, C57BL/6 mice (n = 48) were divided into 6 groups: control (CG), vehicle (VG) that received saline by orogastric gavage, a group exposed to formaldehyde 1% (FG) and formaldehyde exposed groups that received NAC at doses of 100, 150 and 200 mg/Kg (FN100, FN150 and FN200) for a period of 5 days. In vitro, formaldehyde promoted a decrease in cell viability and increased ROS, while NAC reduced formaldehyde-induced ROS production. Animals exposed to formaldehyde presented higher leukocyte counts in the blood and in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, and promoted secretion of inflammatory markers IL-6, IL-15, and IL-10. The exposure to formaldehyde also promoted redox imbalance and oxidative damage characterized by increased activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, decreased GSH/GSSG ratio, as well as it increased levels of protein carbonyls and lipid peroxidation. NAC administration after formaldehyde exposure attenuated oxidative stress markers, secretion of inflammatory mediators and lung inflammation. In conclusion, both in in vitro and in vivo models, NAC administration exerted protective effects, which modulated the inflammatory response and redox imbalance, thus preventing the development airway injury induced by formaldehyde exposure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Cecilia Marcano-Gómez
- Laboratory of Experimental Pathophysiology, Department of Biological Sciences and Center of Research in Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto (UFOP), Ouro Preto, Brazil
| | - Ana Beatriz Farias de Souza
- Laboratory of Experimental Pathophysiology, Department of Biological Sciences and Center of Research in Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto (UFOP), Ouro Preto, Brazil
| | - Pedro Alves Machado-Junior
- Laboratory of Experimental Pathophysiology, Department of Biological Sciences and Center of Research in Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto (UFOP), Ouro Preto, Brazil
| | - Andrea Jazel Rodríguez-Herrera
- Laboratory of Experimental Pathophysiology, Department of Biological Sciences and Center of Research in Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto (UFOP), Ouro Preto, Brazil
| | - Thalles de Freitas Castro
- Laboratory of Experimental Pathophysiology, Department of Biological Sciences and Center of Research in Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto (UFOP), Ouro Preto, Brazil
| | - Sirlaine Pio Gomes da Silva
- Laboratory of Immunobiology of Inflammation, Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Exact and Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto (UFOP), Ouro Preto, Brazil
| | - Ramony Gonzaga Vieira
- Laboratory of Neurobiology and Biomaterials, Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Exact and Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto (UFOP), Ouro Preto, Brazil
| | - André Talvani
- Laboratory of Immunobiology of Inflammation, Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Exact and Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto (UFOP), Ouro Preto, Brazil
| | - Katiane de Oliveira Pinto Coelho Nogueira
- Laboratory of Neurobiology and Biomaterials, Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Exact and Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto (UFOP), Ouro Preto, Brazil
| | - Laser Antônio Machado de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Neurobiology and Biomaterials, Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Exact and Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto (UFOP), Ouro Preto, Brazil
| | - Frank Silva Bezerra
- Laboratory of Experimental Pathophysiology, Department of Biological Sciences and Center of Research in Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto (UFOP), Ouro Preto, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ren B, Wu Q, Muskhelishvili L, Davis K, Wang Y, Rua D, Cao X. Evaluating the Sub-Acute Toxicity of Formaldehyde Fumes in an In Vitro Human Airway Epithelial Tissue Model. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:2593. [PMID: 35269734 PMCID: PMC8910234 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Formaldehyde (FA) is an irritating, highly reactive aldehyde that is widely regarded as an asthmagen. In addition to its use in industrial applications and being a product of combustion reaction and endogenous metabolism, FDA-regulated products may contain FA or release FA fumes that present toxicity risks for both patients and healthcare workers. Exposure to airborne FA is associated with nasal neoplastic lesions in both animals and humans. It is classified as a Group 1 carcinogen by International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) based on the increased incidence of cancer in animals and a known human carcinogen in the Report on Carcinogens by National Toxicology Program (NTP). Herein, we systematically evaluated the tissue responses to FA fumes in an in vitro human air-liquid-interface (ALI) airway tissue model. Cultures were exposed at the air interface to 7.5, 15, and 30 ppm of FA fumes 4 h per day for 5 consecutive days. Exposure to 30 ppm of FA induced sustained oxidative stress, along with functional changes in ciliated and goblet cells as well as possible squamous differentiation. Furthermore, secretion of the proinflammatory cytokines, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-8, GM-CSF, TNF-a and IFN-γ, was induced by repeated exposures to FA fumes. Expression of MMP-1, MMP-3, MMP-7, MMP-10, MMP-12, and MMP-13 was downregulated at the end of the 5-day exposure. Although DNA-damage was not detected by the comet assay, FA exposures downregulated the DNA repair enzymes MGMT and FANCD2, suggesting its possible interference in the DNA repair capacity. Overall, a general concordance was observed between our in vitro responses to FA fume exposures and the reported in vivo toxicity of FA. Our findings provide further evidence supporting the application of the ALI airway system as a potential in vitro alternative for screening and evaluating the respiratory toxicity of inhaled substances.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Baiping Ren
- Division of Genetic and Molecular Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA; (B.R.); (Y.W.)
| | - Qiangen Wu
- Division of Biochemical Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA;
| | | | - Kelly Davis
- Toxicologic Pathology Associates, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA; (L.M.); (K.D.)
| | - Yiying Wang
- Division of Genetic and Molecular Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA; (B.R.); (Y.W.)
| | - Diego Rua
- Division of Biology, Chemistry, and Materials Science, Office of Science and Engineering Laboratories, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA;
| | - Xuefei Cao
- Division of Genetic and Molecular Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA; (B.R.); (Y.W.)
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Adamović D, Čepić Z, Adamović S, Stošić M, Obrovski B, Morača S, Vojinović Miloradov M. Occupational Exposure to Formaldehyde and Cancer Risk Assessment in an Anatomy Laboratory. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182111198. [PMID: 34769715 PMCID: PMC8583012 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182111198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Dissecting a human cadaver is an irreplaceable practice in general training of medical students. Cadavers in anatomy laboratories are usually preserved in formalin, an embalming fluid whose basic component is formaldehyde (FA). The aim of this study is to assess the cancer risk of employees and students that are exposed to FA based on the results of three monitoring campaigns, as well as to suggest permanent solutions to the problem of FA exposure based on the results obtained. Three sampling campaigns of formaldehyde concentration in indoor environments were conducted at five different locations at the Anatomy Department of the Faculty of Medicine with the purpose of assessing permanent employees’ and medical faculty first year students’ exposure to FA. Indoor air was continuously sampled during 8 h of laboratory work and analyzed in accordance with the NIOSH Method 3500. Exceeding of the 8 h time-weighted average (8 h TWA) values recommended by Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) of 0.75 ppm was recorded in 37% of the samples during the three-month monitoring campaign. Cancer risk assessment levels for permanent employees were in the range from 6.43 × 10−3 to 8.77 × 10−4, while the cancer risk assessment levels for students ranged from 8.94 × 10−7 to 1.83 × 10−6. The results of the research show that cancer risk assessment for employees is several thousand times higher than the limit recommended by the EPA (10−6) and point to the importance of reducing exposure to formaldehyde through the reconstruction of the existing ventilation system, continual monitoring, the use of formaldehyde-free products, and plastination of anatomical specimens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dragan Adamović
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Occupational Safety and Health, Faculty of Technical Sciences, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (D.A.); (M.S.); (B.O.); (M.V.M.)
| | - Zoran Čepić
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Occupational Safety and Health, Faculty of Technical Sciences, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (D.A.); (M.S.); (B.O.); (M.V.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +381-64-200-4875
| | - Savka Adamović
- Department of Graphic Engineering and Design, Faculty of Technical Sciences, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia;
| | - Milena Stošić
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Occupational Safety and Health, Faculty of Technical Sciences, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (D.A.); (M.S.); (B.O.); (M.V.M.)
| | - Boris Obrovski
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Occupational Safety and Health, Faculty of Technical Sciences, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (D.A.); (M.S.); (B.O.); (M.V.M.)
| | - Slobodan Morača
- Department of Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management, Faculty of Technical Sciences, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia;
| | - Mirjana Vojinović Miloradov
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Occupational Safety and Health, Faculty of Technical Sciences, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (D.A.); (M.S.); (B.O.); (M.V.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Tesfaye S, Hamba N, Gerbi A, Negeri Z. Occupational formaldehyde exposure linked to increased systemic health impairments and counteracting beneficial effects of selected antioxidants. ALEXANDRIA JOURNAL OF MEDICINE 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/20905068.2021.1926172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Solomon Tesfaye
- Department of Biomedical Sciences (Medical Anatomy), Institute of Health, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Niguse Hamba
- Department of Biomedical Sciences (Medical Anatomy), Institute of Health, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Asfaw Gerbi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences (Medical Anatomy), Institute of Health, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Zenebe Negeri
- Department of Biomedical Sciences (Medical Physiology), Institute of Health, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Wu CL, Yin R, Wang SN, Ying R. A Review of CXCL1 in Cardiac Fibrosis. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:674498. [PMID: 33996954 PMCID: PMC8113392 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.674498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemokine C-X-C motif ligand-1 (CXCL1), principally expressed in neutrophils, macrophages and epithelial cells, is a valid pro-inflammatory factor which performs an important role in mediating the infiltration of neutrophils and monocytes/macrophages. Elevated serum level of CXCL1 is considered a pro-inflammatory reaction by the organism. CXCL1 is also related to diverse organs fibrosis according to relevant studies. A growing body of evidence suggests that CXCL1 promotes the process of cardiac remodeling and fibrosis. Here, we review structure and physiological functions of CXCL1 and recent progress on the effects and mechanisms of CXCL1 in cardiac fibrosis. In addition, we explore the role of CXCL1 in the fibrosis of other organs. Besides, we probe the possibility that CXCL1 can be a therapeutic target for the treatment of cardiac fibrosis in cardiovascular diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Long Wu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Ran Yin
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Su-Nan Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Ru Ying
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Payani S, Mamatha C, Chandraprakash C, Bhaskar M. Protective role of (Bronco-T) against formaldehyde induced antioxidant, oxidative and histopathological changes in lung of male Wistar rats. Toxicol Rep 2019; 6:718-726. [PMID: 31388499 PMCID: PMC6667771 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2019.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study was sought to evaluate the oxidative, antioxidant status and histopathological changes by the acute chronic exposure of formaldehyde. Bronco-T a poly-herbal formulation treatment, changes the oxidative, antioxidant status and histopathology of rat lungs with antioxidant and regenerative property. In this experiment thirty adult male albino Wister rats were used for the study and subdivided in to five groups consist of 6 rats for each group. Group-I served as control and the other 4 groups such as II, III, IV and V are considered as experimental. The control and treatment rats are maintained for 21 days of experimental period. Experimental rats are exposed to 40 percent formaldehyde for 1 h treated with Bronco-T and salbutamol. In the present investigation, the formaldehyde exposed rats a series of free radical chain reactions were grimly provoked, the evaluation of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT), other enzymes oxidative enzymes (G-6-PDH, SDH) and (ALT, ALAT and LDH) were measured. A clear assertive imbalance between oxidation and anti-oxidation status was critically observed, and oxidative stress was clearly exacerbated in lung tissue leading to altrations in architecture of lung histopathology. Oral gavage Bronco-T exhibits a beneficial action by bringing normal architecture in lung tissue of formaldehyde inhaled rats with antioxidant properties. Bronco-T treatment may be a suitable remedy for formalin occupational diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sholapuri Payani
- Department of Zoology, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati, 517502, Andhra Pradesh, India.,Division of Animal Biotechnology, Department of Zoology, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati, 517502, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Cherlopalli Mamatha
- Department of Zoology, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati, 517502, Andhra Pradesh, India.,Division of Animal Biotechnology, Department of Zoology, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati, 517502, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Chinta Chandraprakash
- Department of Zoology, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati, 517502, Andhra Pradesh, India.,Division of Animal Biotechnology, Department of Zoology, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati, 517502, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Matcha Bhaskar
- Department of Zoology, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati, 517502, Andhra Pradesh, India.,Division of Animal Biotechnology, Department of Zoology, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati, 517502, Andhra Pradesh, India
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Preliminary results of toxicity studies in rats following low-dose and short-term exposure to methyl mercaptan. Toxicol Rep 2019; 6:431-438. [PMID: 31193272 PMCID: PMC6525278 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2019.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study was carried out to evaluate the hematotoxicity and respiratory toxicity of methyl mercaptan in Sprague-Dawley rats. A dynamic exposure methodology was adopted in this study following 7 days of exposure by repeated inhalation. The concentration of methyl mercaptan used in the exposure was 0.5 ppm and the exposure time was 6 h/day for 7 days. After exposure, the rats were sacrificed to collect lung tissue and blood samples. Routine blood and serum biochemistry were conducted. Morphological injury of lung tissue was detected by hematoxylin and eosin staining. Decreased food consumption and body weight gain in both sexes were noted in the exposure group compared with the control group. Several significant changes in hematological parameters were observed. The results showed that the blood urea nitrogen (UREA) levels and superoxide dismutase (SOD) values were significantly decreased in exposed male rats. Malondialdehyde (MDA) in lung tissue was significantly increased in both males and females in the exposed group. In the histopathological examination of lung tissue, terminal bronchiole constriction, alveolar congestion, and erythrocyte exudation were observed, suggesting that the lungs may be target organs after inhaling methyl mercaptan and workers exposed to this concentration may cause some pulmonary stimulation and injury.
Collapse
|
10
|
Wang Y, Shi C, Chen Y, Yu L, Li Y, Wei Y, Li W, He R. Formaldehyde produced from d-ribose under neutral and alkaline conditions. Toxicol Rep 2019; 6:298-304. [PMID: 31008059 PMCID: PMC6454226 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2019.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Formaldehyde is toxic and has been implicated in the pathologies of various diseases, such as cognitive impairment and cancer. Though d-ribose is widely studied and provided as a supplement to food such as flavor and drinks, no laboratories have reported that d-ribose is involved in the formaldehyde production. Here, we show that formaldehyde is produced from d-ribose in lysine or glycine solution and Tris-HCl buffer under neutral and alkaline conditions. Intraperitoneal injection of C57BL/6J mice with d-ribose significantly increased the concentration of brain formaldehyde, compared to the injection with d-glucose or saline. These data suggest that formaldehyde levels should be monitored for the people who take d-ribose as a supplement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yujing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Institute of Biophysics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Chenggang Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Institute of Biophysics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Yao Chen
- School of Basic Medical Sciences of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Lexiang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Institute of Biophysics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Yiman Li
- The Department of Biomedical Sciences in Imperial College London, UK
| | - Yan Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Institute of Biophysics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Weiwei Li
- Integrated Laboratory of TCM and Western Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Rongqiao He
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Institute of Biophysics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| |
Collapse
|