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Md Moniruzzaman, Khan MM, Sultana Z, Md Shahjahan, Islam MS. Assessment of sub-lethal effects of Celcron on Java barb through erythrocyte morphology and acetylcholinesterase activity: Implications for environmental health in aquatic ecosystems. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 953:176231. [PMID: 39270872 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.176231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2024] [Revised: 08/23/2024] [Accepted: 09/10/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024]
Abstract
Industrialization and the extensive use of chemicals have raised significant concerns about their environmental impacts, particularly on aquatic ecosystems. This study evaluated the sub-lethal effects of Celcron (Cec), an organophosphate insecticide, on the Java barb (Barbonymus gonionotus) through erythrocyte morphology and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, aiming to refine biomarkers for environmental health assessments. We hypothesized that sub-lethal Cec exposure would induce significant erythrocyte abnormalities and decrease AChE activity in Java barb, with variable recovery rates between gill and kidney tissues. To test this, we exposed the juvenile Java barbs to two sub-lethal Cec concentrations - 0.01 ppm (10 % of the LC50) and 0.05 ppm (50 % of the LC50) -for 60 days. After the exposure period, the fish were placed in pesticide-free water to allow for recovery. Results indicated a significant decline in AChE activity in both liver and kidney tissues, with activity levels showing gradual recovery over time. Erythrocyte abnormalities, including nuclear and cellular changes, were significantly elevated in response to Cec exposure. The frequency of nuclear abnormalities such as micronuclei and binucleation increased in a concentration- and duration-dependent manner, with the gill blood exhibiting higher sensitivity and slower recovery compared to kidney blood. Cellular abnormalities such as twin, teardrop and spindle-shaped cells were also more prevalent in Cec-treated fish. Recovery from these abnormalities was observed but varied between gill and kidney blood, with gill blood showing higher sensitivity and slower recovery compared to kidney blood. This study underscores the utility of AChE activity and erythrocyte abnormalities as biomarkers for assessing pesticide impacts on aquatic organisms. The findings highlight the sensitivity of fish erythrocytes to environmental contaminants and emphasize the need for continued research to better understand the long-term effects of pesticide exposure on aquatic health and ecosystem stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Moniruzzaman
- Department of Fisheries Biology and Genetics, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Mst Mansura Khan
- Dept. of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Bangladesh
| | - Zakia Sultana
- Department of Fisheries Biology and Genetics, Khulna Agricultural University, Khulna, Bangladesh
| | - Md Shahjahan
- Department of Fisheries Management, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
| | - M Sadiqul Islam
- Department of Marine Fisheries Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh.
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Banaee M, Zeidi A, Haghi BN, Beitsayah A. The toxicity effects of imidacloprid and chlorpyrifos on oxidative stress and blood biochemistry in Cyprinus carpio. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2024; 284:109979. [PMID: 39033793 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2024.109979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2024] [Revised: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the toxicity effects of chlorpyrifos and imidacloprid, alone and in combination, on oxidative biomarkers and blood biochemistry of Cyprinus carpio. A total of 324 common carp (Cyprinus carpio) were distributed among 27 tanks and exposed to concentrations of 0.0, 100, and 200 μg L-1 of chlorpyrifos and 0.0, 10.0, and 20.0 μg L-1 of imidacloprid for 28 days. Changes in enzyme activities in the plasma of fish exposed to chlorpyrifos depended on the dose. In contrast, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatine phosphokinase (CPK), gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) activities were significantly increased in fish exposed to imidacloprid, alone and in combination with chlorpyrifos. However, the activity of butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) was significantly decreased. Exposure to imidacloprid and chlorpyrifos, alone and in combination, increased glucose, urea, cholesterol, triglycerides, and creatinine levels, whereas total protein and albumin levels were significantly decreased. The activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione S-transferase (GST), and catalase (CAT) was significantly increased, while glutathione reductase (GR) was significantly decreased. Additionally, although the total antioxidant capacity (TAN) was significantly decreased, malondialdehyde (MDA) levels increased after exposure to imidacloprid and chlorpyrifos, alone and in combination. In conclusion, exposure to imidacloprid and chlorpyrifos, alone and in combination, induced oxidative stress and altered blood biochemistry in carp fish. Moreover, imidacloprid and chlorpyrifos had synergistic effects on some oxidative and biochemical biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdi Banaee
- Aquaculture Department, Faculty of Natural Resources and the Environment, Behbahan Khatam Alanbia University of Technology, Behbahan, Iran.
| | - Amir Zeidi
- Aquaculture Department, Faculty of Natural Resources and the Environment, Behbahan Khatam Alanbia University of Technology, Behbahan, Iran
| | - Behzad Nematdoost Haghi
- Aquaculture Department, Faculty of Natural Resources and the Environment, Behbahan Khatam Alanbia University of Technology, Behbahan, Iran
| | - Amal Beitsayah
- Aquaculture Department, Faculty of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Gorgan University of Agriculture Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
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Mathan Muthu CM, Vickram AS, Bhavani Sowndharya B, Saravanan A, Kamalesh R, Dinakarkumar Y. A comprehensive review on the utilization of probiotics in aquaculture towards sustainable shrimp farming. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 147:109459. [PMID: 38369068 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Probiotics in shrimp aquaculture have gained considerable attention as a potential solution to enhance production efficiency, disease management, and overall sustainability. Probiotics, beneficial microorganisms, have shown promising effects when administered to shrimp as dietary supplements or water additives. Their inclusion has been linked to improved gut health, nutrient absorption, and disease resistance in shrimp. Probiotics also play a crucial role in maintaining a balanced microbial community within the shrimp pond environment, enhancing water quality and reducing pathogen prevalence. This article briefly summarizes the many ways that probiotics are used in shrimp farming and the advantages that come with them. Despite the promising results, challenges such as strain selection, dosage optimization, and environmental conditions are carefully addressed for successful probiotic integration in shrimp aquaculture. The potential of probiotics as a sustainable and ecologically friendly method of promoting shrimp development and health while advancing environmentally friendly shrimp farming techniques is highlighted in this analysis. Further research is required to fully exploit probiotics' benefits and develop practical guidelines for their effective implementation in shrimp aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Mathan Muthu
- Department of Biotechnology, Saveetha School of Engineering, SIMATS, Chennai, 602105, India
| | - A S Vickram
- Department of Biotechnology, Saveetha School of Engineering, SIMATS, Chennai, 602105, India.
| | - B Bhavani Sowndharya
- Department of Biotechnology, Saveetha School of Engineering, SIMATS, Chennai, 602105, India
| | - A Saravanan
- Department of Biotechnology, Saveetha School of Engineering, SIMATS, Chennai, 602105, India
| | - R Kamalesh
- Department of Biotechnology, Saveetha School of Engineering, SIMATS, Chennai, 602105, India
| | - Yuvaraj Dinakarkumar
- Department of Biotechnology, Vel Tech High Tech Dr. Rangarajan Dr. Sakunthala Engineering College, Chennai, India
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Das BK, Nayak KK, Kumar V. Alteration of haematological and biochemical biomarkers after sub-lethal chronic malathion (Elathion®) intoxication in freshwater fish, Labeo rohita (Hamilton, 1822). Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2024; 277:109844. [PMID: 38244824 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2024.109844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
The present investigation aimed to evaluate the long-term effects of malathion (Elathion®) at two sub-lethal concentrations (0.36 and 1.84 mgL-1) for 45 days after the determination of 96 h-LC50 value (18.35 mgL-1) in a commercially important aquaculture species, Labeo rohita by assaying multiple biomarker approaches. Total erythrocyte count (TEC), and haemoglobulin count (Hb) were found to be decreased while total leucocyte counts (TLC) were increased (p < 0.05) in malathion-intoxicated fish. Malathion exposure significantly reduced (p < 0.05) serum protein levels while significantly increased (p < 0.05) blood glucose levels. RNA activity in muscle was reduced (p < 0.05) while DNA activity increased (p < 0.05) in malathion-intoxicated fish. Acid phosphatase (ACP) activities in the brain; lacate dehydrogenase (LDH) activities in brain and liver were increased (p < 0.05), while alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activities in the brain; succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) activities in the brain, liver and kidney; acetylcholine esterase (AChE) activity in the brain; and ATPase activities in the brain, liver and kidney were reduced (p < 0.05) in comparison to control. Thus, the alteration in studied biomarkers was in a concentation-time dependent manner; however, it was more pronounced at the higher concentration at 45 days of exposure. The alteration in biomarker activity is probably a defensive mechanism/ adaptive response of fish to overcome the stress induced by malathion, which is a novel insight and possible impact on L.rohita. Our findings suggest malathion-induced stress, therefore, the use of malathion needs to be regulated to safeguard aquatic animals including fish and human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basanta Kumar Das
- ICAR-Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Barrackpore, Kolkata 700120, West Bengal, India.
| | | | - Vikas Kumar
- ICAR-Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Regional Centre, Prayagraj, 211002, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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Alak G, Yıldırım S, Yeltekin AÇ, Ucar A, Bolat İ, Kiliçlioğlu M, Parlak V, Kocaman EM, Atamanalp M. Self-healing demonstration in imidacloprid toxicity with multibiomarkers and biologic pathways. PROCESS SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION 2023; 178:121-134. [DOI: 10.1016/j.psep.2023.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2024]
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Salih AHM, Patra I, Sivaraman R, Alhamzawi R, Khalikov KM, Al-qaim ZH, Golgouneh S, Jawad MA, Adhab AH, Vázquez-Cárdenas AL, Abarghouei S. The Probiotic Lactobacillus sakei Subsp. Sakei and Hawthorn Extract Supplements Improved Growth Performance, Digestive Enzymes, Immunity, and Resistance to the Pesticide Acetamiprid in Common Carp ( Cyprinus carpio). AQUACULTURE NUTRITION 2023; 2023:8506738. [PMID: 36922956 PMCID: PMC10010885 DOI: 10.1155/2023/8506738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the impacts of the probiotic, Lactobacillus sakei (L. sakei), and the extract of hawthorn, Crataegus elbursensis, on growth and immunity of the common carp exposed to acetamiprid. Fish (mean ± SE: 11.48 ± 0.1 g) feeding was done with formulated diets (T 1 (control): no supplementation, T 2: 1 × 106 CFU/g LS (Lactobacillus sakei), T3: 1 × 108 CFU/g LS, T 4: 0.5% hawthorn extract (HWE), and T 5: 1% HWE) for 60 days and then exposed to acetamiprid for 14 days. The growth performance improved in the fish fed LS at dietary level of 1 × 108 CFU/g, even after exposure to acetamiprid (P < 0.05). Intestinal Lactobacillus sakei (CFU/g) load increased (P < 0.05), following supplementation with the probiotic-enriched diet. The LS-treated fish had increases in the activity of digestive enzymes (P < 0.05). Both LS and HWE stimulated antioxidant enzymes and immune system components in serum and mucus (alkaline phosphatase (ALP), protease, total Ig, and lysozyme) (P < 0.05). However, the changes were different depending on the kind of the supplement. The malondialdehyde (MDA) levels decreased in HWE-treated fish after acetamiprid exposure (P < 0.05). Both LS and HWE reduced the liver metabolic enzymes (LDH, ALP, AST, ALT, and LDH) in serum both before and after exposure to the pesticide (P < 0.05). However, each enzyme exhibited a different change trend depending on the type of the supplement. HWE showed a stress-ameliorating effect, as glucose and cortisol levels declined in the HWE-treated fish (P < 0.05). This study indicated the immunomodulatory impacts of LS (1 × 108 CFU/g) and HWE (at dietary levels of 0.5-1%). The probiotic showed more performance compared to HWE. However, the HWE mitigated oxidative stress more efficiently than the probiotic.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ramaswamy Sivaraman
- Institution of Dwaraka Doss Goverdhan Doss Vaishnav College, Arumbakkam, University of Madras, Chennai, India
| | - Rahim Alhamzawi
- College of Administration and Economics, University of Al-Qadisiyah, Al Diwaniyah, Iraq
| | - Kakhor M. Khalikov
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Samarkand State Medical University, Samarkand, Uzbekistan
| | | | - Sahar Golgouneh
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Ali Hussein Adhab
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technics, Al-Zahrawi University College, Karbala, Iraq
| | | | - Safoura Abarghouei
- Baharavaran Nastaran Agricultural Applied Scientific Training Center, Applied Scientific University, Qom, Iran
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