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Gao F, Dubos C. The arabidopsis bHLH transcription factor family. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 29:668-680. [PMID: 38143207 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2023.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
Basic helix-loop-helices (bHLHs) are present in all eukaryotes and form one of the largest families of transcription factors (TFs) found in plants. bHLHs function as transcriptional activators and/or repressors of genes involved in key processes involved in plant growth and development in interaction with the environment (e.g., stomata and root hair development, iron homeostasis, and response to heat and shade). Recent studies have improved our understanding of the functioning of bHLH TFs in complex regulatory networks where a series of post-translational modifications (PTMs) have critical roles in regulating their subcellular localization, DNA-binding capacity, transcriptional activity, and/or stability (e.g., protein-protein interactions, phosphorylation, ubiquitination, and sumoylation). Further elucidating the function and regulation of bHLHs will help further understanding of the biology of plants in general and for the development of new tools for crop improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Gao
- College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; Yuelushan Laboratory, Changsha 410128, China.
| | - Christian Dubos
- IPSiM, University of Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier, France.
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2
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Cui MQ, Xu C, Wang T, Zhao LH, Wang YX, Li GX, Yan JY, Xu JM, Liu R, Wang ZY, Harberd NP, Zheng SJ, Ding ZJ. An LRH-RSL4 feedback regulatory loop controls the determinate growth of root hairs in Arabidopsis. Curr Biol 2024; 34:313-326.e7. [PMID: 38101405 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2023.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Root hairs are tubular-shaped outgrowths of epidermal cells essential for plants acquiring water and nutrients from the soil. Despite their importance, the growth of root hairs is finite. How this determinate growth is precisely regulated remains largely unknown. Here we identify LONG ROOT HAIR (LRH), a GYF domain-containing protein, as a unique repressor of root hair growth. We show that LRH inhibits the association of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4Es (eIF4Es) with the mRNA of ROOT HAIR DEFECTIVE6-LIKE4 (RSL4) that encodes the master regulator of root hair growth, repressing RSL4 translation and thus root hair elongation. RSL4 in turn directly transactivates LRH expression to maintain a proper LRH gradient in the trichoblasts. Our findings reveal a previously uncharacterized LRH-RSL4 feedback regulatory loop that limits root hair growth, shedding new light on the mechanism underlying the determinate growth of root hairs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Qi Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 5100642, China
| | - Chen Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Tao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Li Hua Zhao
- Department of Plant Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 75007 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Yu Xuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Gui Xin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jing Ying Yan
- Agricultural Experimental Station, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Ji Ming Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Rong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Zhi Ye Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | | | - Shao Jian Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 5100642, China; Institute of Ecological Civilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Zhong Jie Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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Mansoor S, Mir MA, Karunathilake EMBM, Rasool A, Ştefănescu DM, Chung YS, Sun HJ. Strigolactones as promising biomolecule for oxidative stress management: A comprehensive review. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 206:108282. [PMID: 38147706 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.108282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
Strigolactones, which are a group of plant hormones, have emerged as promising biomolecules for effectively managing oxidative stress in plants. Oxidative stress occurs when the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) exceeds the plant's ability to detoxify or scavenge these harmful molecules. An elevation in reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels often occurs in response to a range of stressors in plants. These stressors encompass both biotic factors, such as fungal, viral, or nematode attacks, as well as abiotic challenges like intense light exposure, drought, salinity, and pathogenic assaults. This ROS surge can ultimately lead to cellular harm and damage. One of the key ways in which strigolactones help mitigate oxidative stress is by stimulating the synthesis and accumulation of antioxidants. These antioxidants act as scavengers of ROS, neutralizing their harmful effects. Additionally, strigolactones also regulate stomatal closure, which reduces water loss and helps alleviate oxidative stress during conditions of drought stress or water deficiencies. By understanding and harnessing the capabilities of strigolactones, it becomes possible to enhance crop productivity and enable plants to withstand environmental stresses in the face of a changing climate. This comprehensive review provides an in-depth exploration of the various roles of strigolactones in plant growth, development, and response to various stresses, with a specific emphasis on their involvement in managing oxidative stress. Strigolactones also play a critical role in detoxifying ROS while regulating the expression of genes related to antioxidant defense pathways, striking a balance between ROS detoxification and production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheikh Mansoor
- Department of Plant Resources and Environment, Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea
| | - Mudasir A Mir
- Division of Plant Biotechnology, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology Kashmir (SKUAST-K), Shalimar, Srinagar, J&K, 190025, India
| | - E M B M Karunathilake
- Department of Plant Resources and Environment, Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea
| | - Aatifa Rasool
- Department of Fruit Sciences, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology Kashmir (SKUAST-K), Shalimar, Srinagar, J&K, 190025, India
| | - Dragoş Mihail Ştefănescu
- Department of Biology and Environmental Engineering, University of Craiova, A.I.Cuza 13, 200585, Craiova, Romania
| | - Yong Suk Chung
- Department of Plant Resources and Environment, Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon-Jin Sun
- Subtropical Horticulture Research Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea.
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4
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Pacheco JM, Gabarain VB, Lopez LE, Lehuedé TU, Ocaranza D, Estevez JM. Understanding signaling pathways governing the polar development of root hairs in low-temperature, nutrient-deficient environments. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 75:102386. [PMID: 37352652 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2023.102386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023]
Abstract
Plants exposed to freezing and above-freezing low temperatures must employ a variety of strategies to minimize fitness loss. There is a considerable knowledge gap regarding how mild low temperatures (around 10 °C) affect plant growth and developmental processes, even though the majority of the molecular mechanisms that plants use to adapt to extremely low temperatures are well understood. Root hairs (RH) have become a useful model system for studying how plants regulate their growth in response to both cell-intrinsic cues and environmental inputs. Here, we'll focus on recent advances in the molecular mechanisms underpinning Arabidopsis thaliana RH growth at mild low temperatures and how these discoveries may influence our understanding of nutrient sensing mechanisms by the roots. This highlights how intricately linked mechanisms are necessary for plant development to take place under specific circumstances and to produce a coherent response, even at the level of a single RH cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Martínez Pacheco
- Fundación Instituto Leloir and IIBBA-CONICET. Av. Patricias Argentinas 435, Buenos Aires C1405BWE, Argentina; ANID - Millennium Science Initiative Program - Millennium Nucleus for the DeveIopment of Super Adaptable Plants (MN-SAP), Santiago 8370146, Chile
| | - Victoria Berdion Gabarain
- Fundación Instituto Leloir and IIBBA-CONICET. Av. Patricias Argentinas 435, Buenos Aires C1405BWE, Argentina; ANID - Millennium Science Initiative Program - Millennium Nucleus for the DeveIopment of Super Adaptable Plants (MN-SAP), Santiago 8370146, Chile
| | - Leonel E Lopez
- Fundación Instituto Leloir and IIBBA-CONICET. Av. Patricias Argentinas 435, Buenos Aires C1405BWE, Argentina; ANID - Millennium Science Initiative Program - Millennium Nucleus for the DeveIopment of Super Adaptable Plants (MN-SAP), Santiago 8370146, Chile
| | - Tomás Urzúa Lehuedé
- ANID - Millennium Science Initiative Program - Millennium Nucleus for the DeveIopment of Super Adaptable Plants (MN-SAP), Santiago 8370146, Chile; ANID - Millennium Science Initiative Program - Millennium Institute for Integrative Biology (iBio), Santiago 8331150, Chile; Centro de Biotecnología Vegetal (CBV), Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago 8370146, Chile
| | - Darío Ocaranza
- ANID - Millennium Science Initiative Program - Millennium Nucleus for the DeveIopment of Super Adaptable Plants (MN-SAP), Santiago 8370146, Chile; Centro de Biotecnología Vegetal (CBV), Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago 8370146, Chile
| | - José M Estevez
- Fundación Instituto Leloir and IIBBA-CONICET. Av. Patricias Argentinas 435, Buenos Aires C1405BWE, Argentina; ANID - Millennium Science Initiative Program - Millennium Nucleus for the DeveIopment of Super Adaptable Plants (MN-SAP), Santiago 8370146, Chile; ANID - Millennium Science Initiative Program - Millennium Institute for Integrative Biology (iBio), Santiago 8331150, Chile; Centro de Biotecnología Vegetal (CBV), Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago 8370146, Chile.
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5
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The Role of Reactive Oxygen Species in Plant Response to Radiation. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043346. [PMID: 36834758 PMCID: PMC9968129 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Radiation is widespread in nature, including ultraviolet radiation from the sun, cosmic radiation and radiation emitted by natural radionuclides. Over the years, the increasing industrialization of human beings has brought about more radiation, such as enhanced UV-B radiation due to ground ozone decay, and the emission and contamination of nuclear waste due to the increasing nuclear power plants and radioactive material industry. With additional radiation reaching plants, both negative effects including damage to cell membranes, reduction of photosynthetic rate and premature aging and benefits such as growth promotion and stress resistance enhancement have been observed. ROS (Reactive oxygen species) are reactive oxidants in plant cells, including hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), superoxide anions (O2•-) and hydroxide anion radicals (·OH), which may stimulate the antioxidant system of plants and act as signaling molecules to regulate downstream reactions. A number of studies have observed the change of ROS in plant cells under radiation, and new technology such as RNA-seq has molecularly revealed the regulation of radiative biological effects by ROS. This review summarized recent progress on the role of ROS in plant response to radiations including UV, ion beam and plasma, and may help to reveal the mechanisms of plant responses to radiation.
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Hanlon MT, Vejchasarn P, Fonta JE, Schneider HM, McCouch SR, Brown KM. Genome wide association analysis of root hair traits in rice reveals novel genomic regions controlling epidermal cell differentiation. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 23:6. [PMID: 36597029 PMCID: PMC9811729 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-022-04026-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genome wide association (GWA) studies demonstrate linkages between genetic variants and traits of interest. Here, we tested associations between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in rice (Oryza sativa) and two root hair traits, root hair length (RHL) and root hair density (RHD). Root hairs are outgrowths of single cells on the root epidermis that aid in nutrient and water acquisition and have also served as a model system to study cell differentiation and tip growth. Using lines from the Rice Diversity Panel-1, we explored the diversity of root hair length and density across four subpopulations of rice (aus, indica, temperate japonica, and tropical japonica). GWA analysis was completed using the high-density rice array (HDRA) and the rice reference panel (RICE-RP) SNP sets. RESULTS We identified 18 genomic regions related to root hair traits, 14 of which related to RHD and four to RHL. No genomic regions were significantly associated with both traits. Two regions overlapped with previously identified quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with root hair density in rice. We identified candidate genes in these regions and present those with previously published expression data relevant to root hair development. We re-phenotyped a subset of lines with extreme RHD phenotypes and found that the variation in RHD was due to differences in cell differentiation, not cell size, indicating genes in an associated genomic region may influence root hair cell fate. The candidate genes that we identified showed little overlap with previously characterized genes in rice and Arabidopsis. CONCLUSIONS Root hair length and density are quantitative traits with complex and independent genetic control in rice. The genomic regions described here could be used as the basis for QTL development and further analysis of the genetic control of root hair length and density. We present a list of candidate genes involved in root hair formation and growth in rice, many of which have not been previously identified as having a relation to root hair growth. Since little is known about root hair growth in grasses, these provide a guide for further research and crop improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meredith T Hanlon
- Department of Plant Science, The Pennsylvania State University, 102 Tyson Building, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
- Intercollege Graduate Degree Program in Plant Biology, Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Penn State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Phanchita Vejchasarn
- Department of Plant Science, The Pennsylvania State University, 102 Tyson Building, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
- Rice Department, Ministry of Agriculture, Ubon Ratchathani Rice Research Center, Ubon Ratchathani, 34000, Thailand
| | - Jenna E Fonta
- Department of Plant Science, The Pennsylvania State University, 102 Tyson Building, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
- Intercollege Graduate Degree Program in Plant Biology, Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Penn State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Hannah M Schneider
- Department of Plant Science, The Pennsylvania State University, 102 Tyson Building, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
- Centre for Crop Systems Analysis, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Susan R McCouch
- Section of Plant Breeding and Genetics, School of Integrated Plant Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853-1901, USA
- Biological Statistics and Computational Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853-1901, USA
| | - Kathleen M Brown
- Department of Plant Science, The Pennsylvania State University, 102 Tyson Building, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.
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7
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Ma X, Zhao X, Zhang H, Zhang Y, Sun S, Li Y, Long Z, Liu Y, Zhang X, Li R, Tan L, Jiang L, Zhu JK, Li L. MAG2 and MAL Regulate Vesicle Trafficking and Auxin Homeostasis With Functional Redundancy. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:849532. [PMID: 35371137 PMCID: PMC8966843 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.849532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Auxin is a central phytohormone and controls almost all aspects of plant development and stress response. Auxin homeostasis is coordinately regulated by biosynthesis, catabolism, transport, conjugation, and deposition. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-localized MAIGO2 (MAG2) complex mediates tethering of arriving vesicles to the ER membrane, and it is crucial for ER export trafficking. Despite important regulatory roles of MAG2 in vesicle trafficking, the mag2 mutant had mild developmental abnormalities. MAG2 has one homolog protein, MAG2-Like (MAL), and the mal-1 mutant also had slight developmental phenotypes. In order to investigate MAG2 and MAL regulatory function in plant development, we generated the mag2-1 mal-1 double mutant. As expected, the double mutant exhibited serious developmental defects and more alteration in stress response compared with single mutants and wild type. Proteomic analysis revealed that signaling, metabolism, and stress response in mag2-1 mal-1 were affected, especially membrane trafficking and auxin biosynthesis, signaling, and transport. Biochemical and cell biological analysis indicated that the mag2-1 mal-1 double mutant had more serious defects in vesicle transport than the mag2-1 and mal-1 single mutants. The auxin distribution and abundance of auxin transporters were altered significantly in the mag2-1 and mal-1 single mutants and mag2-1 mal-1 double mutant. Our findings suggest that MAG2 and MAL regulate plant development and auxin homeostasis by controlling membrane trafficking, with functional redundancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Ma
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, College of Life Sciences, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaonan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, College of Life Sciences, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
- Institute of Crop Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hailong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, College of Life Sciences, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Yiming Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, College of Life Sciences, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Shanwen Sun
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, College of Life Sciences, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Ying Li
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, College of Life Sciences, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Zhengbiao Long
- Institute of Crop Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuqi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, College of Life Sciences, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaomeng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, College of Life Sciences, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Rongxia Li
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, Center of Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Tan
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, Center of Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Lixi Jiang
- Institute of Crop Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jian-Kang Zhu
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, Center of Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Lixin Li
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, College of Life Sciences, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
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Kohli PS, Maurya K, Thakur JK, Bhosale R, Giri J. Significance of root hairs in developing stress-resilient plants for sustainable crop production. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2022; 45:677-694. [PMID: 34854103 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Root hairs represent a beneficial agronomic trait to potentially reduce fertilizer and irrigation inputs. Over the past decades, research in the plant model Arabidopsis thaliana has provided insights into root hair development, the underlying genetic framework and the integration of environmental cues within this framework. Recent years have seen a paradigm shift, where studies are now highlighting conservation and diversification of root hair developmental programs in other plant species and the agronomic relevance of root hairs in a wider ecological context. In this review, we specifically discuss the molecular evolution of the RSL (RHD Six-Like) pathway that controls root hair development and growth in land plants. We also discuss how root hairs contribute to plant performance as an active physiological rooting structure by performing resource acquisition, providing anchorage and constructing the rhizosphere with desirable physical, chemical and biological properties. Finally, we outline future research directions that can help achieve the potential of root hairs in developing sustainable agroecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kanika Maurya
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Jitendra K Thakur
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, New Delhi, India
- International Centre of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Rahul Bhosale
- Future Food Beacon of Excellence and School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Jitender Giri
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, New Delhi, India
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9
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Wu F, Gao Y, Yang W, Sui N, Zhu J. Biological Functions of Strigolactones and Their Crosstalk With Other Phytohormones. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:821563. [PMID: 35283865 PMCID: PMC8908206 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.821563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Phytohormones are small chemicals critical for plant development and adaptation to a changing environment. Strigolactones (SLs), carotenoid-derived small signalling molecules and a class of phytohormones, regulate multiple developmental processes and respond to diverse environmental signals. SLs also coordinate adjustments in the balance of resource distribution by strategic modification of the plant development, allowing plants to adapt to nutrient deficiency. Instead of operating independently, SL interplays with abscisic acid, cytokinin, auxin, ethylene, and some other plant phytohormones, forming elaborate signalling networks. Hormone signalling crosstalk in plant development and environmental response may occur in a fully concerted manner or as a cascade of sequential events. In many cases, the exact underlying mechanism is unclear because of the different effects of phytohormones and the varying backgrounds of their actions. In this review, we systematically summarise the synthesis, signal transduction, and biological functions of SLs and further highlight the significance of crosstalk between SLs and other phytohormones during plant development and resistance to ever-changing environments.
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10
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Xue C, Li W, Shen R, Lan P. PERK13 modulates phosphate deficiency-induced root hair elongation in Arabidopsis. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 312:111060. [PMID: 34620427 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2021.111060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Phosphate starvation (-Pi)-induced root hair is crucial for enhancing plants' Pi absorption. Proline-rich extensin-like receptor kinase 13 (PERK13) is transcriptionally induced by -Pi and co-expressed with genes associated with root hair growth. However, how PERK13 participates in -Pi-induced root hair growth remains unclear. Here, we found that PERK13 was transcriptionally responsive to Pi, nitrogen, and iron deficiencies. Loss of PERK13 function (perk13) enhanced root hair growth under Pi/nitrogen limitation. Similar phenotype was also observed in transgenic lines overexpressing PERK13 (PERK13ox). Under -Pi, both perk13 and PERK13ox showed prolonged root hair elongation and increased reactive oxygen species (ROS). Deletion analysis showed, in PERK13ox, the extracellular domain was indispensable for PERK13 in -Pi-induced root hair growth. Different transcription profiles were observed under -Pi between perk13 and PERK13ox with the jasmonate zim-domain genes being repressed in perk13 and genes involved in cell wall remodeling being increased in PERK13ox. Taken together, we demonstrated that PERK13 participates in -Pi-induced root hair growth probably via regulating root hair elongation and the generation of ROS. Our study also suggested PERK13 probably being a vital hub coupling the environmental cues and root hair growth, and might play dual roles in -Pi-induced root hair growth via different processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caiwen Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Wenfeng Li
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
| | - Renfang Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China.
| | - Ping Lan
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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11
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Song P, Xu H, Zhang J, Chen H, Li L, Qu Y, Lin F, Zhang Q. Functional analysis of indole 3-hexanoic acid as a novel auxin from Arabidopsis thaliana. PLANTA 2021; 254:69. [PMID: 34498125 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-021-03719-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Indole 3-hexanoic acid is a novel auxin and regulates plant growth and development. Auxin is a signaling molecule that influences most aspects of plant development. Although many small bioactive molecules have been developed as auxin analogues, naturally occurring auxin and the detailed mechanisms of its specific actions in plants remain to be fully elucidated. In this study, to screen auxin responses, we used a novel picolinate synthetic auxin, 3-indole hexanoic acid (IHA), which is similar in structure to indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and indole-3-butyric acid (IBA). IHA showed classical auxin activity in the regulation of root growth, gene expression, and PIN-FORMED abundance. Physiological and genetic analyses indicated that IHA may be perceived by the auxin receptor TIR1 and transported by the G-class ATP-binding cassette protein ABCG36 and its homolog ABCG37. Importantly, IHA was detected in planta and converted into IBA depending on the peroxisomal β-oxidation. Together, these findings reveal a novel auxin pathway component and suggest possible undiscovered modes of auxin metabolism regulation in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Song
- College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Xu
- College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Jixiu Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Huatao Chen
- Institute of Industrial Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Li
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing, 210014, People's Republic of China
| | - Yana Qu
- College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Lin
- College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qun Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China.
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Pacheco JM, Mansilla N, Moison M, Lucero L, Gabarain VB, Ariel F, Estevez JM. The lncRNA APOLO and the transcription factor WRKY42 target common cell wall EXTENSIN encoding genes to trigger root hair cell elongation. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2021; 16:1920191. [PMID: 33944666 PMCID: PMC8244768 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2021.1920191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Plant long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are key chromatin dynamics regulators, directing the transcriptional programs driving a wide variety of developmental outputs. Recently, we uncovered how the lncRNA AUXIN REGULATED PROMOTER LOOP (APOLO) directly recognizes the locus encoding the root hair (RH) master regulator ROOT HAIR DEFECTIVE 6 (RHD6) modulating its transcriptional activation and leading to low temperature-induced RH elongation. We further demonstrated that APOLO interacts with the transcription factor WRKY42 in a novel ribonucleoprotein complex shaping RHD6 epigenetic environment and integrating signals governing RH growth and development. In this work, we expand this model showing that APOLO is able to bind and positively control the expression of several cell wall EXTENSIN (EXT) encoding genes, including EXT3, a key regulator for RH growth. Interestingly, EXT3 emerged as a novel common target of APOLO and WRKY42. Furthermore, we showed that the ROS homeostasis-related gene NADPH OXIDASE C (NOXC) is deregulated upon APOLO overexpression, likely through the RHD6-RSL4 pathway, and that NOXC is required for low temperature-dependent enhancement of RH growth. Collectively, our results uncover an intricate regulatory network involving the APOLO/WRKY42 hub in the control of master and effector genes during RH development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Natanael Mansilla
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología del Litoral, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, CONICET, FBCB/FHUC, Centro Científico Tecnológico CONICET Santa Fe, Paraje El Pozo, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Michaël Moison
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología del Litoral, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, CONICET, FBCB/FHUC, Centro Científico Tecnológico CONICET Santa Fe, Paraje El Pozo, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Leandro Lucero
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología del Litoral, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, CONICET, FBCB/FHUC, Centro Científico Tecnológico CONICET Santa Fe, Paraje El Pozo, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | | | - Federico Ariel
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología del Litoral, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, CONICET, FBCB/FHUC, Centro Científico Tecnológico CONICET Santa Fe, Paraje El Pozo, Santa Fe, Argentina
- CONTACT Federico Ariel Instituto de Agrobiotecnología del Litoral, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, CONICET, FBCB/FHUC, Centro Científico Tecnológico CONICET Santa Fe, Colectora Ruta Nacional No 168km. 0, Paraje El Pozo, Santa Fe3000, Argentina
| | - José M. Estevez
- Fundación Instituto Leloir and IIBBA-CONICET, Buenos Aires, CP, Argentina
- Centro de Biotecnología Vegetal (CBV), Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida (Fcsv), Universidad Andres Bello and Millennium Institute for Integrative Biology (Ibio), Santiago, Chile
- José M. Estevez Fundación Instituto Leloir and IIBBA-CONICET, Av. Patricias Argentinas 435, Buenos Aires, CPC1405BWE, Argentina
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Moison M, Pacheco JM, Lucero L, Fonouni-Farde C, Rodríguez-Melo J, Mansilla N, Christ A, Bazin J, Benhamed M, Ibañez F, Crespi M, Estevez JM, Ariel F. The lncRNA APOLO interacts with the transcription factor WRKY42 to trigger root hair cell expansion in response to cold. MOLECULAR PLANT 2021; 14:937-948. [PMID: 33689931 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2021.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Plant long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have emerged as important regulators of chromatin dynamics, impacting on transcriptional programs leading to different developmental outputs. The lncRNA AUXIN-REGULATED PROMOTER LOOP (APOLO) directly recognizes multiple independent loci across the Arabidopsis genome and modulates their three-dimensional chromatin conformation, leading to transcriptional shifts. Here, we show that APOLO recognizes the locus encoding the root hair (RH) master regulator ROOT HAIR DEFECTIVE 6 (RHD6) and controls RHD6 transcriptional activity, leading to cold-enhanced RH elongation through the consequent activation of the transcription factor gene RHD6-like RSL4. Furthermore, we demonstrate that APOLO interacts with the transcription factor WRKY42 and modulates its binding to the RHD6 promoter. WRKY42 is required for the activation of RHD6 by low temperatures and WRKY42 deregulation impairs cold-induced RH expansion. Collectively, our results indicate that a novel ribonucleoprotein complex with APOLO and WRKY42 forms a regulatory hub to activate RHD6 by shaping its epigenetic environment and integrate signals governing RH growth and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaël Moison
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología del Litoral, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, CONICET, FBCB/FHUC, Centro Científico Tecnológico CONICET Santa Fe, Colectora Ruta Nacional No 168 km. 0, Paraje El Pozo, Santa Fe 3000, Argentina
| | - Javier Martínez Pacheco
- Fundación Instituto Leloir and IIBBA-CONICET, Av. Patricias Argentinas 435, Buenos Aires CP C1405BWE, Argentina
| | - Leandro Lucero
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología del Litoral, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, CONICET, FBCB/FHUC, Centro Científico Tecnológico CONICET Santa Fe, Colectora Ruta Nacional No 168 km. 0, Paraje El Pozo, Santa Fe 3000, Argentina
| | - Camille Fonouni-Farde
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología del Litoral, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, CONICET, FBCB/FHUC, Centro Científico Tecnológico CONICET Santa Fe, Colectora Ruta Nacional No 168 km. 0, Paraje El Pozo, Santa Fe 3000, Argentina
| | - Johan Rodríguez-Melo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Agrobiotecnológicas, CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Río Cuarto 5800, Argentina
| | - Natanael Mansilla
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología del Litoral, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, CONICET, FBCB/FHUC, Centro Científico Tecnológico CONICET Santa Fe, Colectora Ruta Nacional No 168 km. 0, Paraje El Pozo, Santa Fe 3000, Argentina
| | - Aurélie Christ
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), CNRS, INRA, University Paris-Saclay and University of Paris Bâtiment 630, 91192 Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Jérémie Bazin
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), CNRS, INRA, University Paris-Saclay and University of Paris Bâtiment 630, 91192 Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Moussa Benhamed
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), CNRS, INRA, University Paris-Saclay and University of Paris Bâtiment 630, 91192 Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Fernando Ibañez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Agrobiotecnológicas, CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Río Cuarto 5800, Argentina
| | - Martin Crespi
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), CNRS, INRA, University Paris-Saclay and University of Paris Bâtiment 630, 91192 Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - José M Estevez
- Fundación Instituto Leloir and IIBBA-CONICET, Av. Patricias Argentinas 435, Buenos Aires CP C1405BWE, Argentina; Centro de Biotecnología Vegetal (CBV), Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida (FCsV), Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile and Millennium Institute for Integrative Biology (iBio), Santiago, Chile.
| | - Federico Ariel
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología del Litoral, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, CONICET, FBCB/FHUC, Centro Científico Tecnológico CONICET Santa Fe, Colectora Ruta Nacional No 168 km. 0, Paraje El Pozo, Santa Fe 3000, Argentina.
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14
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Zhu S, Martínez Pacheco J, Estevez JM, Yu F. Autocrine regulation of root hair size by the RALF-FERONIA-RSL4 signaling pathway. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2020; 227:45-49. [PMID: 32083740 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Root hair (RH) size has vital physiological implications, since it influences the surface area of the root and thus the ability of the plant to absorb water and nutrients from the soil. Arabidopsis ROOT HAIR DEFECTIVE 6-LIKE 4 (RSL4), a bHLH transcription factor, controls the expression of hundreds of RH genes, and RSL4 expression itself can trigger ectopic RH growth. Recent studies reveal an autocrine mechanism governing plant RH cell growth in which the extracellular peptide RAPID ALKALINIZATION FACTOR 1 (RALF1) and receptor FERONIA (FER) act as a central hub between the cell surface and downstream signaling events. RALF1-FER promotes the phosphorylation of eIF4E1. Then, phosphorylated eIF4E1 further regulates the synthesis of RH proteins, including RSL4, to promote RH growth. High levels of RSL4 exert a negative feedback on RALF1 expression via directly binding to the RALF1 gene promoter, slowing RH growth and determining final RH cell size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sirui Zhu
- College of Biology, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, Hunan University, Changsha, China
| | - Javier Martínez Pacheco
- Fundación Instituto Leloir and Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires (IIBBA-CONICET), Av. Patricias Argentinas 435, Buenos Aires, CP C1405BWE, Argentina
| | - José M Estevez
- Fundación Instituto Leloir and Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires (IIBBA-CONICET), Av. Patricias Argentinas 435, Buenos Aires, CP C1405BWE, Argentina
- Centro de Biotecnología Vegetal (CBV), Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello Santiago, Santiago, 8370186, Chile
- Millennium Institute for Integrative Biology (iBio), Santiago, 8331150, Chile
| | - Feng Yu
- College of Biology, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, Hunan University, Changsha, China
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Hunan Hybrid Rice Research Center, Changsha, 410125, China
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15
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Cardoso TB, Pinto RT, Paiva LV. Analysis of gene co-expression networks of phosphate starvation and aluminium toxicity responses in Populus spp. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0223217. [PMID: 31600239 PMCID: PMC6786596 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0223217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The adaptation of crops to acid soils is needed for the maintenance of food security in a sustainable way, as decreasing fertilizers use and mechanical interventions in the soil would favor the reduction of agricultural practices' environmental impact. Phosphate deficiency and the presence of reactive aluminum affect vital processes to the plant in this soil, mostly water and nutrient absorption. From this, the understanding of the molecular response to these stresses can foster strategies for genetic improvement, so the aim was to broadly analyze the transcriptional variations in Poupulus spp. in response to these abiotic stresses, as a plant model for woody crops. A co-expression network was constructed among 3,180 genes differentially expressed in aluminum-stressed plants with 34,988 connections. Of this total, 344 genes presented two-fold transcriptional variation and the group of genes associated with those regulated after 246 hours of stress had higher number of connections per gene, with some already characterized genes related to this stress as main hubs. Another co-expression network was made up of 8,380 connections between 550 genes regulated by aluminum stress and phosphate deficiency, in which 380 genes had similar profile in both stresses and only eight with transcriptional variation higher than 20%. All the transcriptomic data are presented here with functional enrichment and homology comparisons with already characterized genes in another species that are related to the explored stresses, in order to provide a broad analysis of the co-opted responses for both the stresses as well as some specificity. This approach improves our understanding regarding the plants adaptation to acid soils and may contribute to strategies of crop genetic improvement for this condition that is widely present in regions of high agricultural activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiago Bergamo Cardoso
- Central Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, Brazil
| | - Renan Terassi Pinto
- Central Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, Brazil
| | - Luciano Vilela Paiva
- Central Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, Brazil
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16
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Mangano S, Martínez Pacheco J, Marino-Buslje C, Estevez JM. How Does pH Fit in with Oscillating Polar Growth? TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 23:479-489. [PMID: 29605100 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2018.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Revised: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Polar growth in root hairs and pollen tubes is an excellent model for investigating plant cell size regulation. While linear plant growth is historically explained by the acid growth theory, which considers that auxin triggers apoplastic acidification by activating plasma membrane P-type H+-ATPases (AHAs) along with cell wall relaxation over long periods, the apoplastic pH (apopH) regulatory mechanisms are unknown for polar growth. Polar growth is a fast process mediated by rapid oscillations that repeat every ∼20-40s. In this review, we explore a reactive oxygen species (ROS)-dependent mechanism that could generate oscillating apopH gradients in a coordinated manner with growth and Ca2+ oscillations. We propose possible mechanisms by which apopH oscillations are coordinated with polar growth together with ROS and Ca2+ waves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvina Mangano
- Fundación Instituto Leloir and Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires (IIBBA-CONICET), Av. Patricias Argentinas 435, Buenos Aires CP C1405BWE, Argentina; These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Javier Martínez Pacheco
- Fundación Instituto Leloir and Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires (IIBBA-CONICET), Av. Patricias Argentinas 435, Buenos Aires CP C1405BWE, Argentina; Department of Genetics and Phytopathology, Biological Research Division, Tobacco Research Institute, Carretera Tumbadero, 8 1/2 km, San Antonio de los Baños, Artemisa, Cuba; These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Cristina Marino-Buslje
- Fundación Instituto Leloir and Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires (IIBBA-CONICET), Av. Patricias Argentinas 435, Buenos Aires CP C1405BWE, Argentina
| | - José M Estevez
- Fundación Instituto Leloir and Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires (IIBBA-CONICET), Av. Patricias Argentinas 435, Buenos Aires CP C1405BWE, Argentina.
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17
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Marzol E, Borassi C, Bringas M, Sede A, Rodríguez Garcia DR, Capece L, Estevez JM. Filling the Gaps to Solve the Extensin Puzzle. MOLECULAR PLANT 2018; 11:645-658. [PMID: 29530817 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2018.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2018] [Revised: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/04/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Extensins (EXTs) are highly repetitive plant O-glycoproteins that require several post-translational modifications (PTMs) to become functional in plant cell walls. First, they are hydroxylated on contiguous proline residues; then they are O-glycosylated on hydroxyproline and serine. After secretion into the apoplast, O-glycosylated EXTs form a tridimensional network organized by inter- and intra-Tyr linkages. Recent studies have made significant progress in the identification of the enzymatic machinery required to process EXTs, which includes prolyl 4-hydroxylases, glycosyltransferases, papain-type cysteine endopeptidases, and peroxidases. EXTs are abundant in plant tissues and are particularly important in rapidly expanding root hairs and pollen tubes, which grow in a polar manner. Small changes in EXT PTMs affect fast-growing cells, although the molecular mechanisms underlying this regulation are unknown. In this review, we highlight recent advances in our understanding of EXT modifications throughout the secretory pathway, EXT assembly in cell walls, and possible sensing mechanisms involving the Catharanthus roseus cell surface sensor receptor-like kinases located at the interface between the apoplast and the cytoplasmic side of the plasma membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliana Marzol
- Fundación Instituto Leloir and Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires (IIBBA-CONICET), Avenida Patricias Argentinas 435, Buenos Aires, CP C1405BWE, Argentina
| | - Cecilia Borassi
- Fundación Instituto Leloir and Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires (IIBBA-CONICET), Avenida Patricias Argentinas 435, Buenos Aires, CP C1405BWE, Argentina
| | - Mauro Bringas
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Analítica y Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires (INQUIMAE-CONICET), Buenos Aires, CP C1428EGA, Argentina
| | - Ana Sede
- Fundación Instituto Leloir and Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires (IIBBA-CONICET), Avenida Patricias Argentinas 435, Buenos Aires, CP C1405BWE, Argentina; Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular, Dr. Héctor Torres (INGEBI-CONICET), Vuelta de Obligado 2490, Buenos Aires, C1428ADN, Argentina
| | - Diana Rosa Rodríguez Garcia
- Fundación Instituto Leloir and Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires (IIBBA-CONICET), Avenida Patricias Argentinas 435, Buenos Aires, CP C1405BWE, Argentina
| | - Luciana Capece
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Analítica y Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires (INQUIMAE-CONICET), Buenos Aires, CP C1428EGA, Argentina
| | - Jose M Estevez
- Fundación Instituto Leloir and Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires (IIBBA-CONICET), Avenida Patricias Argentinas 435, Buenos Aires, CP C1405BWE, Argentina.
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18
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Shibata M, Breuer C, Kawamura A, Clark NM, Rymen B, Braidwood L, Morohashi K, Busch W, Benfey PN, Sozzani R, Sugimoto K. GTL1 and DF1 regulate root hair growth through transcriptional repression of ROOT HAIR DEFECTIVE 6-LIKE 4 in Arabidopsis. Development 2018; 145:145/3/dev159707. [PMID: 29439132 PMCID: PMC5818008 DOI: 10.1242/dev.159707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
How plants determine the final size of growing cells is an important, yet unresolved, issue. Root hairs provide an excellent model system with which to study this as their final cell size is remarkably constant under constant environmental conditions. Previous studies have demonstrated that a basic helix-loop helix transcription factor ROOT HAIR DEFECTIVE 6-LIKE 4 (RSL4) promotes root hair growth, but how hair growth is terminated is not known. In this study, we demonstrate that a trihelix transcription factor GT-2-LIKE1 (GTL1) and its homolog DF1 repress root hair growth in Arabidopsis. Our transcriptional data, combined with genome-wide chromatin-binding data, show that GTL1 and DF1 directly bind the RSL4 promoter and regulate its expression to repress root hair growth. Our data further show that GTL1 and RSL4 regulate each other, as well as a set of common downstream genes, many of which have previously been implicated in root hair growth. This study therefore uncovers a core regulatory module that fine-tunes the extent of root hair growth by the orchestrated actions of opposing transcription factors. Summary:Arabidopsis gtl1 df1 double mutants and tissue-specific overexpression of GTL1 and DF1 demonstrate that both GTL1 and DF1 negatively regulate root hair growth by directly repressing RSL4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michitaro Shibata
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Christian Breuer
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Ayako Kawamura
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Natalie M Clark
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27708, USA.,Biomathematics Graduate Program, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Bart Rymen
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Luke Braidwood
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Kengo Morohashi
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Noda 278-8510, Japan
| | - Wolfgang Busch
- Gregor Mendel Institute (GMI), Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna Biocenter (VBC), Dr. Bohr-Gasse 3, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Philip N Benfey
- Department of Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC 27695, USA
| | - Rosangela Sozzani
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27708, USA.,Biomathematics Graduate Program, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Keiko Sugimoto
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
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19
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Adaptation of Arabidopsis thaliana to the Yangtze River basin. Genome Biol 2017; 18:239. [PMID: 29284515 PMCID: PMC5745794 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-017-1378-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Organisms need to adapt to keep pace with a changing environment. Examining recent range expansion aids our understanding of how organisms evolve to overcome environmental constraints. However, how organisms adapt to climate changes is a crucial biological question that is still largely unanswered. The plant Arabidopsis thaliana is an excellent system to study this fundamental question. Its origin is in the Iberian Peninsula and North Africa, but it has spread to the Far East, including the most south-eastern edge of its native habitats, the Yangtze River basin, where the climate is very different. Results We sequenced 118 A. thaliana strains from the region surrounding the Yangtze River basin. We found that the Yangtze River basin population is a unique population and diverged about 61,409 years ago, with gene flows occurring at two different time points, followed by a population dispersion into the Yangtze River basin in the last few thousands of years. Positive selection analyses revealed that biological regulation processes, such as flowering time, immune and defense response processes could be correlated with the adaptation event. In particular, we found that the flowering time gene SVP has contributed to A. thaliana adaptation to the Yangtze River basin based on genetic mapping. Conclusions A. thaliana adapted to the Yangtze River basin habitat by promoting the onset of flowering, a finding that sheds light on how a species can adapt to locales with very different climates. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13059-017-1378-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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