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Kong L, Tang J, Luo Y, Yuan F, Lin Y, Tao R. Construction and Evaluation of a Degradable Drilling Fluid for Underground Coalbed Methane Extraction Boreholes. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:10426-10439. [PMID: 38463325 PMCID: PMC10918802 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c08457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Gas drainage with bedding boreholes is an efficient method for preventing gas and achieving coal and gas comining in underground mining engineering. An underground pressurized drilling method is proposed to maintain the borehole stability. However, the presence of natural fractures in coal seams poses challenges during pressurized drilling. Therefore, it is crucial to establish a low-leadage degradable drilling fluid system that minimizes coal seam damage. In this study, a degradable drilling fluid system was developed based on the characteristics of coal seams. The performance and influencing factors of the drilling fluid and the degrading capability of cellulase were examined. Moreover, the damage of the drilling fluid on fractured coal seams was investigated using core flow test methods. The results showed that additives significantly improved the rheology, filtration, and inhibition of the drilling fluid. The drilling fluid system exhibited excellent stability, rheological properties, low filtration, and sealing performance in coal seam environments. However, drilling fluid invasion and mud cake blockage negatively affected gas flow in fractured coal seams, and a higher content of filtrate reducer hindered the recovery of the gas flow rate. Cellulase was used to degrade polymers and alleviate the challenge of mud cake removal after drilling. Research on the influencing factors of cellulase indicates that the degradation efficiency of cellulase enzymes is influenced by the temperature, pH, salinity, and solid-phase content. For polluted coal samples, the gas flow rate significantly recovered after treatment with a cellulase solution. This study provides insights into a degradable drilling fluid system that can enhance underground pressurized drilling methods and minimize reservoir damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingrui Kong
- Chongqing
University state key laboratory of coal mine disaster dynamics and
control, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
- Chongqing
University school of resources and safety engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Jianxin Tang
- Chongqing
University state key laboratory of coal mine disaster dynamics and
control, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
- Chongqing
University school of resources and safety engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Yongjiang Luo
- Chongqing
University state key laboratory of coal mine disaster dynamics and
control, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
- Chongqing
University school of resources and safety engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Fang Yuan
- Chongqing
University state key laboratory of coal mine disaster dynamics and
control, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
- Chongqing
University school of resources and safety engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Yuan Lin
- Chongqing
University state key laboratory of coal mine disaster dynamics and
control, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
- Chongqing
University school of resources and safety engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Rui Tao
- Ningxia
Institute of Mineral Geological Survey(Autonomous Region Institute
of Mineral Geology), Ningxia, Yinchuan
City 750000, China
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2
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Qing Q, Shi XY, Hu SZ, Li L, Huang T, Zhang N, Wang Y. Synchronously Enhanced Removal Ability and Stability of MXene through Biomimetic Modification. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023. [PMID: 37364289 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c00987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Increasing environmental problems intensify the demand for high-performance environmental purification materials. MXene is a typical transition-metal carbide/nitride material with a two-dimensional geometric feature and a good deal of functional groups, and it is considered as an efficient adsorbent for removing pollutants from wastewater. However, the easy oxidation and relatively low adsorption capacity greatly restrict its application. In this study, the MXene/polydopamine (PDA) composite particles were fabricated through the biomimetic modification method of inducing the self-polymerization of dopamine in an MXene aqueous solution. Microstructure characterizations demonstrate that PDA facilitates the exfoliation of MXene. Adsorption measurements show that MXene and PDA exhibit an apparent synergistic effect in removing chromium hexavalent Cr(VI) from aqueous solution, and more PDA content leads to a larger synergistic effect. Consequently, the composite particles exhibit an ultrahigh adsorption capacity (862.3 mg/g). Specifically, even if the composite particles were stored in aqueous solution for 2 months, they still exhibit high adsorption ability with only a 3.3% loss in adsorption capacity, indirectly confirming the enhanced stability of MXene induced by PDA. Furthermore, the composite particles also show reduction ability to Cr(VI) and about 54.3% Cr(VI) can be reduced to harmless chromium trivalent Cr(III). This study provides a new method for the preparation of MXene-based adsorbents with excellent adsorption capacity and high stability, which has broad application prospects in the field of wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Qing
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials (Ministry of Education), Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Xian-Ying Shi
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials (Ministry of Education), Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Shao-Zhong Hu
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials (Ministry of Education), Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Liang Li
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials (Ministry of Education), Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Ting Huang
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials (Ministry of Education), Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials (Ministry of Education), Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Yong Wang
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials (Ministry of Education), Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
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3
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A AR, Jagadeesan AK, Deivasigamani P, Sundararaman S, Balakrishna Pillai Sankari NP. The bio-adsorption competence of tailor made lemon grass adsorbents on oils: An in-vitro approach. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 222:115332. [PMID: 36709874 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.115332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The oil contamination in aquatic system is considered as most serious environmental issues and identifying a suitable ecofriendly solution for this oil pollution management is critical. Hence, this research was designed to evaluate the oils (petrol, diesel, engine oil, and crude oil) adsorptive features through raw lemon grass adsorbent, physically/chemically treated adsorbents. Initially, such raw and treated adsorbents were characterized by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and Energy-Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS) analysis. These characterization techniques revealed that the lemon grass adsorbent had considerable level of pollutant adsorption potentials owing to porous morphological structure, active functional groups and pollutants interaction with chemical elements. The physically treated adsorbent exhibited better adsorption characteristics than others. Accordingly, the petrol adsorption potential of raw adsorbent, physically treated and chemically treated ones was discovered as their weight incremented up to 2.0, 3.0, and 1.5 times their initial weight, respectively. Similarly, the weight of raw form, physically and chemically treated ones on diesel had increased significantly, up to 2.5 times, 4.0 times, and 2.0 times, respectively. It was evaluated that the weight of these tested adsorbents on engine oil incremented by 3.5, 5.0, and 3.0 times their initial weight, while on crude oil these incremented by 4.0, 6.0, and 4.0 times their initial weight respectively. When the media are compared, it's indeed evident about absorption which is preferred as follows: Crude oil, engine oil, diesel, and petrol. The physically treated lemon grass adsorbent showed maximum adsorption and retention potential than others. The kinetic study reveals that the pseudo second order kinetics is the best fit for the adsorption of oil with R2 value of 0.99.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annam Renita A
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, 600119, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Aravind Kumar Jagadeesan
- Department of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Saveetha School of Engineering, SIMATS, Chennai, 602105, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Prabu Deivasigamani
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, 600119, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sathish Sundararaman
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, 600119, Tamil Nadu, India
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Yang J, Wei Q, Li D, Yu J, Cai Z. Study on adsorption performance of manganese titanium oxide composite biochar for removal of Rhodamine B. J INDIAN CHEM SOC 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jics.2023.100958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
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5
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Saleh TA, Haruna K, Alharbi B. Diaminoalkanes functionalized graphene oxide as corrosion inhibitors against carbon steel corrosion in simulated oil/gas well acidizing environment. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 630:591-610. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2022.10.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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6
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Pellenz L, de Oliveira CRS, da Silva Júnior AH, da Silva LJS, da Silva L, Ulson de Souza AA, de Souza SMDAGU, Borba FH, da Silva A. A comprehensive guide for characterization of adsorbent materials. Sep Purif Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.122435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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7
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Sharma R, Kar PK, Dash S. Correlating solvation-adsorption phenomena of some styrylpyridinium dyes on SDS modified silica surface in organic media. J DISPER SCI TECHNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/01932691.2022.2161562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Raisarani Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, Veer Surendra Sai University of Technology Burla, India
| | - Pravin Kumar Kar
- Department of Chemistry, Veer Surendra Sai University of Technology Burla, India
| | - Sukalyan Dash
- Department of Chemistry, Veer Surendra Sai University of Technology Burla, India
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Pan T, Li G, Li R, Cui X, Zhang W. Selective Removal of Boron from Aqueous Solutions Using ECH@NGM Aerogels with Excellent Hydrophilic and Mechanical Properties: Performance and Response Surface Methodology Analysis. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:14879-14890. [PMID: 36399773 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c02566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The remediation of environmental boron contamination has received extensive research attention. The adsorbent ECH@NGM aerogel with high hydrophilic and mechanical properties was synthesized to remove boron. The ECH@NGM aerogel had a high adsorption capacity of 81.11 mg/g, which was 14.50% higher than that of commercial boron-selective resin Amberlite IRA743. The Freundlich model and pseudo-second-order model described the adsorption behavior well. In addition, the response surface methodology (RSM) could predict the experimental outcomes and optimize the reaction conditions, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and control tests were utilized to investigate probable adsorption mechanisms. These data showed that the B ← N coordination bond was the primary adsorption force. The adsorbent had good resistance to interference from coexisting salts, high reusability, good adsorption performance even after five reuse cycles, and a high desorption rate in a relatively short time. The adsorption performance in real brines could be maintained at 80%. Therefore, this work not only provided ECH@NGM aerogels for the removal of boron from brine but also elucidated the main adsorption processes between N-containing adsorbents and boron, facilitating the design of future adsorbents for boron removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongtong Pan
- College of Chemical Engineering, Qinghai University, Xining810016, China
| | - Gan Li
- College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing100029, China
| | - Rujie Li
- College of Chemical Engineering, Qinghai University, Xining810016, China
| | - Xiangmei Cui
- College of Chemical Engineering, Qinghai University, Xining810016, China
| | - Weidong Zhang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Qinghai University, Xining810016, China
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Guo Z, Wang Z, Liu J, Sun Y, Yang L, Feng J, Hou B, Yan W. Efficient Mercury(II) Capture by Functionalized Poly(pyrrole methane)s: the Role of Chloro and Imino Groups. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.130694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
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10
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Preparation of highly efficient and eco-friendly alumina magnetic hybrid nanosorbent from red mud: Excellent adsorption capacity towards nitrate. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.120751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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11
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Jawad KH, Hasoon BA, Ismail RA, Shaker SS. Preparation of copper oxide nanosheets by pulsed laser ablation in liquid for anticancer, antioxidant, and antibacterial activities. J INDIAN CHEM SOC 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jics.2022.100773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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12
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Haruna K, Saleh TA. Graphene oxide with dopamine functionalization as corrosion inhibitor against sweet corrosion of X60 carbon steel under static and hydrodynamic flow systems. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2022.116589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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13
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Lateef SA, Oyehan IA, Oyehan TA, Saleh TA. Intelligent modeling of dye removal by aluminized activated carbon. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:58950-58962. [PMID: 35377125 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-19906-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Methylene blue (MB) is an important compound in textile and wood processing industries as well as in medical research for combating malaria parasites. Despite these versatilities, direct contact with human beings results in adverse health challenges, and contamination of water bodies affects aquatic biotas. Hence, it is important to treat MB-contaminated wastewaters before disposal into water bodies. Adsorption, which depends on some parameters, proves to be an easy, cheap, and efficient technique to remove pollutants in wastewater. However, investigating these parameters experimentally is a laborious, expensive, and time-consuming process whose efficiency is limited by the conditions imposed on the experiments. Herein, we developed polynomial multiple linear regression (MLR) and the three other machine learning models to study the interplay of five adsorption parameters (descriptors) and their effects on the removal of methylene blue from water using aluminized activated carbon (Al-AC). The optimized machine learning models, that is random forest (R = 0.9905), support vector regression (R = 0.9946), and multilayer perceptron (R = 0.9993), outperformed the best MLR model (R = 0.9845) by small margins. High statistical R and low error values are not enough to satisfactorily classify a model. Hence, the generalizability of the models was further determined under different experimental conditions, and the order of predictive accuracy of the models was established as ANN > SVR > RF > 2-degree MLR. Aluminum loading, adsorbent dosage, and initial adsorbate concentration are the most important factors affecting MB removal. The removal efficiency, which could reach 99.9% at optimum conditions, does not depend on the temperature thus eliminating the need to install temperature control apparatus for practical setup.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saheed A Lateef
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Ismaila A Oyehan
- Chemical Engineering Department, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
| | - Tajudeen A Oyehan
- Environmental Science Program, Geosciences Department, College of Petroleum Engineering and Geosciences, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tawfik A Saleh
- Chemistry Department, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia.
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14
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Ultra-sensitive electroanalysis of toxic 2,4-DNT on o-CoxFe1-xSe2 solid solution: Fe-doping-induced c-CoSe2 phase transition to form electron-rich active sites. Anal Chim Acta 2022; 1227:340291. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2022.340291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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15
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Liu D, Wan X, Li W, Peng M, Luo J. Synthesis and Characterization of Composite Cation Exchanger Tin(IV) Boratophosphate and Comparison of Ion-Exchange Properties. Ind Eng Chem Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.2c00175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Duan Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China
| | - Xin Wan
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China
| | - Weiqi Li
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China
| | - Mengsen Peng
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China
| | - Jianhong Luo
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China
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Petreanu I, Niculescu VC, Enache S, Iacob C, Teodorescu M. Structural Characterization of Silica and Amino-Silica Nanoparticles by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) and Raman Spectroscopy. ANAL LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2022.2083144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Irina Petreanu
- National Research and Development Institute for Cyogenic and Isotopic Technologies, ICSI Ramnicu Valcea, Ramnicu Valcea, Valcea, Romania
| | - Violeta-Carolina Niculescu
- National Research and Development Institute for Cyogenic and Isotopic Technologies, ICSI Ramnicu Valcea, Ramnicu Valcea, Valcea, Romania
| | - Stanica Enache
- National Research and Development Institute for Cyogenic and Isotopic Technologies, ICSI Ramnicu Valcea, Ramnicu Valcea, Valcea, Romania
| | - Ciprian Iacob
- National Research and Development Institute for Cyogenic and Isotopic Technologies, ICSI Ramnicu Valcea, Ramnicu Valcea, Valcea, Romania
| | - Mircea Teodorescu
- Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science, The University Politehnica of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
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Salami BA, Oyehan TA, Gambo Y, Badmus SO, Tanimu G, Adamu S, Lateef SA, Saleh TA. Technological trends in nanosilica synthesis and utilization in advanced treatment of water and wastewater. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:42560-42600. [PMID: 35380322 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-19793-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Water and wastewater treatment applications stand to benefit immensely from the design and development of new materials based on silica nanoparticles and their derivatives. Nanosilica possesses unique properties, including low toxicity, chemical inertness, and excellent biocompatibility, and can be developed from a variety of sustainable precursor materials. Herein, we provide an account of the recent advances in the synthesis and utilization of nanosilica for wastewater treatment. This review covers key physicochemical aspects of several nanosilica materials and a variety of nanotechnology-enabled wastewater treatment techniques such as adsorption, separation membranes, and antimicrobial applications. It also discusses the prospective design and tuning options for nanosilica production, such as size control, morphological tuning, and surface functionalization. Informative discussions on nanosilica production from agricultural wastes have been offered, with a focus on the synthesis methodologies and pretreatment requirements for biomass precursors. The characterization of the different physicochemical features of nanosilica materials using critical surface analysis methods is discussed. Bio-hybrid nanosilica materials have also been highlighted to emphasize the critical relevance of environmental sustainability in wastewater treatment. To guarantee the thoroughness of the review, insights into nanosilica regeneration and reuse are provided. Overall, it is envisaged that this work's insights and views will inspire unique and efficient nanosilica material design and development with robust properties for water and wastewater treatment applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babatunde Abiodun Salami
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Construction and Building Materials, Research Institute, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Tajudeen Adeyinka Oyehan
- Geosciences Department, College of Petroleum Engineering and Geosciences, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yahya Gambo
- Chemical Engineering Department, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Suaibu O Badmus
- Center for Integrative Petroleum Research, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gazali Tanimu
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Refining and Advanced Chemicals, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sagir Adamu
- Chemical Engineering Department and Interdisciplinary Research Center for Refining & Advanced Chemicals, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saheed A Lateef
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Tawfik A Saleh
- Chemistry Department, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia.
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