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A AR, Jagadeesan AK, Deivasigamani P, Sundararaman S, Balakrishna Pillai Sankari NP. The bio-adsorption competence of tailor made lemon grass adsorbents on oils: An in-vitro approach. Environ Res 2023; 222:115332. [PMID: 36709874 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.115332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The oil contamination in aquatic system is considered as most serious environmental issues and identifying a suitable ecofriendly solution for this oil pollution management is critical. Hence, this research was designed to evaluate the oils (petrol, diesel, engine oil, and crude oil) adsorptive features through raw lemon grass adsorbent, physically/chemically treated adsorbents. Initially, such raw and treated adsorbents were characterized by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and Energy-Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS) analysis. These characterization techniques revealed that the lemon grass adsorbent had considerable level of pollutant adsorption potentials owing to porous morphological structure, active functional groups and pollutants interaction with chemical elements. The physically treated adsorbent exhibited better adsorption characteristics than others. Accordingly, the petrol adsorption potential of raw adsorbent, physically treated and chemically treated ones was discovered as their weight incremented up to 2.0, 3.0, and 1.5 times their initial weight, respectively. Similarly, the weight of raw form, physically and chemically treated ones on diesel had increased significantly, up to 2.5 times, 4.0 times, and 2.0 times, respectively. It was evaluated that the weight of these tested adsorbents on engine oil incremented by 3.5, 5.0, and 3.0 times their initial weight, while on crude oil these incremented by 4.0, 6.0, and 4.0 times their initial weight respectively. When the media are compared, it's indeed evident about absorption which is preferred as follows: Crude oil, engine oil, diesel, and petrol. The physically treated lemon grass adsorbent showed maximum adsorption and retention potential than others. The kinetic study reveals that the pseudo second order kinetics is the best fit for the adsorption of oil with R2 value of 0.99.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annam Renita A
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, 600119, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Aravind Kumar Jagadeesan
- Department of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Saveetha School of Engineering, SIMATS, Chennai, 602105, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Prabu Deivasigamani
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, 600119, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sathish Sundararaman
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, 600119, Tamil Nadu, India
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Soltanzadeh M, Peighambardoust SH, Ghanbarzadeh B, Mohammadi M, Lorenzo JM. Chitosan nanoparticles encapsulating lemongrass (Cymbopogon commutatus) essential oil: Physicochemical, structural, antimicrobial and in-vitro release properties. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 192:1084-1097. [PMID: 34673101 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.10.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
This study was aimed to encapsulate lemongrass (Cymbopogon commutatus) essential oil (LGEO) into chitosan nanoparticles (CSNPs) and to investigate their physicochemical, morphological, structural, thermal, antimicrobial and in-vitro release properties. CSNPs exhibited spherical morphology with an average hydrodynamic size of 175-235 nm. Increasing EO loading increased the average size of CSNPs from 174 to 293 nm (at CS:EO ratio from 1:0 to 1:1.25). SEM and AFM confirmed the results obtained by hydrodynamic size indicating that EO loading led to formation of large aggregated NPs. The successful physical entrapment of EO within NPs was shown by fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. X-ray diffractogram of loaded-CSNPs compared to non-loaded CSNPs exhibited a broad high intensity peak at 2θ = 19-25° implying the entrapment of LGEO within CSNPs. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) showed that encapsulated EO was decomposed at a temperature of 252 °C compared to a degradation temperature of 126 °C for pure LGEO, indicating a two-fold enhancement in thermal stability of encapsulated CSNPs. Differential scanning calorimetry also proved the physical entrapment of EO into polymeric matrix of chitosan. In-vitro release study showed a time- and pH-dependent release of EO into release media demonstrating a three-stage release behavior with a rapid initial release of EO, followed by a steady state migration of EO from its surrounding envelope at the later stages. Antimicrobial assay showed strong antimicrobial properties of free form of LGEO against the bacteria (both gram positive and gram negative) and fungi species tested. Moreover, loaded-CSNPs exhibited stronger antibacterial and anti-fungal activities than non-loaded CSNPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maral Soltanzadeh
- Department of Food Science, College of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz 5166616471, Iran.
| | | | - Babak Ghanbarzadeh
- Department of Food Science, College of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz 5166616471, Iran.
| | - Maryam Mohammadi
- Drug Applied Research Center and Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 5165665811, Iran.
| | - José M Lorenzo
- Centro Tecnológico de la Carne de Galicia, Rúa Galicia N°4, Parque Tecnológico de Galicia, San Cibrao das Viñas, 32900 Ourense, Spain; Área de Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Ciencias de Ourense, Universidad de Vigo, 32004 Ourense, Spain.
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Singh D, Bansal A, Jain A, Tyagi LK, Mondal S, Patel RK. GC-MS based lemon grass metabolite analysis involved in the synthesis of silver nanoparticles and evaluation of photo-catalytic degradation of methylene blue. Biometals 2021; 34:1121-1139. [PMID: 34365582 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-021-00337-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) is of great importance to scientific community due to their plethora of applications. Several plant extracts have been reported for synthesis of AgNPs. In this study, lemon grass was used as a reducing and capping agent to prepare AgNPs. The formation of AgNPs was confirmed by using UV-Vis spectra as AgNPs show a characteristic peak around 400 nm. Effect of pH, temperature and lemon grass extract to silver nitrate ratio was optimized using response surface methodology (RSM). Characterization of AgNPs was done using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Energy Dispersive X-Ray spectroscopy (EDX), Trasmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS). Gas Chromatography-Mass spectrometry (GC-MS), Energy Dispersive X-Ray spectroscopy and Fourier Transform-Infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopic analysis showed involvement of metabolites of lemon grass in the formation of AgNPs. Photo-catalytic activity of synthesized AgNPs was evaluated through degradation of organic pollutant methylene blue dye.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepanmol Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Health Sciences, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Energy Acres, Bidholi, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, 248007, India.
| | - Arsh Bansal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Health Sciences, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Energy Acres, Bidholi, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, 248007, India
| | - Aakash Jain
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Health Sciences, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Energy Acres, Bidholi, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, 248007, India
| | - Lalit Kumar Tyagi
- Lloyd Institute of Management & Technology (Pharm.), Plot No.-11, Knowledge Park-II, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201306, India
| | - Surajit Mondal
- Department of Electrical and Electronics, School of Engineering, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Energy Acres, Bidholi, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, 248007, India
| | - Ravi Kumar Patel
- Incubation, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Energy Acres, Bidholi, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, 248007, India
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Baccega B, Wahast Islabão Y, Brauner de Mello A, Obelar Martins F, Caetano dos Santos C, Ferreira Ourique A, da Silva Gündel S, Raquel Pegoraro de Macedo M, Elena Silveira Vianna É, Amélia da Rosa Farias N, Belmonte Oliveira C. In vitro and in vivo activity of the essential oil and nanoemulsion of Cymbopogon flexuosus against Trichomonas gallinae. Avicenna J Phytomed 2021; 11:32-34. [PMID: 33628718 PMCID: PMC7885001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study was done to evaluate the in vitro and in vivo effects of the essential oil (OE-CL) and nanoemulsion (N-CL) of Cymbopogon flexuosus against Trichomonas gallinae. MATERIALS AND METHODS In vitro assays were done with 106 parasites and OE-CL and N-CL in the concentrations: 110, 220, 330, 440, 550, 660, 770 and 880 µg/ml and four controls: CN (culture medium and trophozoites), MTZ (trophozoites plus 800 µg/ml of metronidazole), TW (trophozoites plus vehicles used for solubilization of derivatives (0.01% Tween) and NB (blank nanoemulsion 880 µg/ml). The in vivo assay was done in 35 quails (Coturnix coturnix) infected experimentally 4x104 mg/kg, were divided in seven groups (n=5): A (control-healthy), B (control infected), C (control TW 0.01%), D (NB 0.88 mg/kg), E (drug MTZ 25 mg/kg, F (OE-CL at 0.55 mg/kg) and G (N-CL at 0.44 mg/kg), during 7 consecutive days. RESULTS The in vitro test showed that the OE-CL (550 μg/ml) and N-CL (440 μg/ml) concentrations reduced the trophozoites viability in 100%. In the in vivo test, the treatment with OE-CL was efficient on the 4th treatment day and the N-CL after the 3rd day, and the MTZ in the therapeutic concentration was efficient on the 7th day. CONCLUSION It can be observed in this study that the lemon grass has natural potential antitrichomonal activity against T. gallinae in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Baccega
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil,Corresponding Author: Tel: (+55) 053 3275-7618,
| | - Yan Wahast Islabão
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Alexia Brauner de Mello
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Filipe Obelar Martins
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
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Patra DK, Pradhan C, Patra HK. Chromium bioaccumulation, oxidative stress metabolism and oil content in lemon grass Cymbopogon flexuosus (Nees ex Steud.) W. Watson grown in chromium rich over burden soil of Sukinda chromite mine, India. Chemosphere 2019; 218:1082-1088. [PMID: 30609487 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.11.211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Revised: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Lemon grass plants grown in Cr rich over burden soil of Sukinda chromite mine (India) countered Cr toxicity and oxidative stress with the production of reactive oxygen species and induced antioxidative defense system. Varied percentage of Cr rich over burden soil was applied to lemon grass pants to evaluate the actions of oxidative inhibitors enzymes extracted and assayed from both roots and shoots. The study also assessed the oil content and its composition in response to the different percentage of Cr available in over burden soil. In order to evaluate the defense system of a plant against oxidative stress and determine the level of reactive oxygen species, the experiments were undertaken in the presence and absence of Cr in soils. The results indicated that the action of oxidative inhibitor enzymes increased significantly in roots as compared to shoots with increasing concentration of Cr in overburden soil. Higher concentration of Cr in soils inhibited the enzyme activity both in roots and shoots. The level of ROS in plants also enhanced with the increase in the concentration of Cr in the soil. In order to control the oxidative damage in plants, lemon grass can be considered defensive in nature to build up the antioxidant system which can scavenge the reactive oxygen species (ROS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak Kumar Patra
- Post-Graduate Department of Botany, Utkal University, Bhubaneswar, 751004, India
| | - Chinmay Pradhan
- Post-Graduate Department of Botany, Utkal University, Bhubaneswar, 751004, India.
| | - Hemanta Kumar Patra
- Post-Graduate Department of Botany, Utkal University, Bhubaneswar, 751004, India
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Shukla S, Pandey SS, Chandra M, Pandey A, Bharti N, Barnawal D, Chanotiya CS, Tandon S, Darokar MP, Kalra A. Application of essential oils as a natural and alternate method for inhibiting and inducing the sprouting of potato tubers. Food Chem 2019; 284:171-179. [PMID: 30744843 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.01.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Revised: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Use of harmful chemicals and expensive maintenance of cold-storage conditions for controlling sprouting are among the major problems in potato storage. Here, 20 essential oils (EOs) were tested for their sprouting-inhibiting and sprouting-inducing activities. Overall, treatments of lemon grass (LG) and clove (CL) oils could induce sprouting whereas palmarosa (PR) and ajwain (AZ) oils could inhibit sprouting of potato tubers at normal-room-temperature (25 ± 2 °C) storage. Selected-EOs treatments affected sprouting by modulation of accumulation of reducing sugars, ethylene, and expression of genes involved in tuber-sprouting such as ARF, ARP, AIP and ERF. Surprisingly, 7-days AZ-treatments could inhibit sprouting for 30-days which was mediated via damaging apical meristem. However, LG- and CL-treated tubers could produce enhanced potato yield as well. Present work clearly demonstrates that selected-EOs can be used as a promising eco-friendly approach for inducing/inhibiting sprouting of potato tubers during potato storage and those enhancing sprouting can be used for enhancing productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samvedna Shukla
- Microbial Technology Division, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, UP 226015, India; Molecular and Bioprospection Division, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, UP 226015, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) (An Institution of National Importance by an Act of Parliament), AcSIR Campus, CSIR-HRDC, Sector-19, Kamla Nehru Nagar, Ghaziabad, 201002, UP, India
| | - Shiv Shanker Pandey
- Microbial Technology Division, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, UP 226015, India
| | - Muktesh Chandra
- Metabolic and Structural Biology Department, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, UP 226015, India
| | - Alok Pandey
- Microbial Technology Division, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, UP 226015, India
| | - Nidhi Bharti
- Microbial Technology Division, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, UP 226015, India
| | - Deepti Barnawal
- Microbial Technology Division, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, UP 226015, India
| | - Chandan Singh Chanotiya
- Central Instrument Facility, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, UP 226015, India
| | - Sudeep Tandon
- Process Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, UP 226015, India
| | - Mahendra Pandurang Darokar
- Molecular and Bioprospection Division, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, UP 226015, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) (An Institution of National Importance by an Act of Parliament), AcSIR Campus, CSIR-HRDC, Sector-19, Kamla Nehru Nagar, Ghaziabad, 201002, UP, India
| | - Alok Kalra
- Molecular and Bioprospection Division, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, UP 226015, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) (An Institution of National Importance by an Act of Parliament), AcSIR Campus, CSIR-HRDC, Sector-19, Kamla Nehru Nagar, Ghaziabad, 201002, UP, India.
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Makade CS, Shenoi PR, Morey E, Paralikar AV. Evaluation of antimicrobial activity and efficacy of herbal oils and extracts in disinfection of gutta percha cones before obturation. Restor Dent Endod 2017; 42:264-272. [PMID: 29142874 PMCID: PMC5682142 DOI: 10.5395/rde.2017.42.4.264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 07/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Literature has shown that micro-organisms contaminate gutta percha (GP) during storage and manipulation. Till date herbal extracts are not explored as an alternative medicament for pre-operative chairside disinfection of GP cones. The purpose of our study was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity and efficacy of lemon grass oil (LG), basil oil (BO), and obicure tea extract (OT) in disinfecting GP cones before obturation. Materials and Methods Agar diffusion method was used to evaluate the antimicrobial efficacy of LG, BO, OT, and sodium hypochlorite (control) against common contaminants, namely, Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus, and Candida albicans. One hundred and twenty GP cones were contaminated and cut into 2. First half was placed in the broth and incubated; whereas the second was treated with herbal extracts for 1 minute and then incubated for 24 hours in the broth. Any inhibition in bacterial growth was noted with presence/absence of turbidity. Two-way analysis of variance and χ2 test were used to assess the effectiveness of herbal extracts to decontaminate GP. Results LG showed the highest inhibition zones (29.9 ± 6.9 mm) for all tested organisms, followed by OT extract (16.3 ± 1.8 mm), sodium hypochlorite (16.0 ± 1.6 mm), and BO (14.5 ± 5.3 mm). Statistically significant difference was observed between LG and other herbal extracts (p < 0.05). Conclusions All extracts proved to be potential rapid chairside disinfectants of GP cones with LG showing the highest antimicrobial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chetana S Makade
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, VSPM Dental College & Research Centre, Nagpur, MH, India
| | - Pratima R Shenoi
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, VSPM Dental College & Research Centre, Nagpur, MH, India
| | - Elakshi Morey
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, VSPM Dental College & Research Centre, Nagpur, MH, India
| | - Ameya V Paralikar
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, VSPM Dental College & Research Centre, Nagpur, MH, India
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Kimutai A, Ngeiywa M, Mulaa M, Njagi PGN, Ingonga J, Nyamwamu LB, Ombati C, Ngumbi P. Repellent effects of the essential oils of Cymbopogon citratus and Tagetes minuta on the sandfly, Phlebotomus duboscqi. BMC Res Notes 2017; 10:98. [PMID: 28202077 PMCID: PMC5312532 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-017-2396-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2015] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The sandfly, Phlebotomus duboscqi is a vector of zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis (ZCL) that is an important public health problem in Eastern Africa. Repellents have been used for protection of humans against vectors of ZCL and other vectors that transmit killer diseases including malaria, Rift Valley fever, dengue, and yellow fever. The repellent effects of different doses of the essential oils from the lemon grass, Cymbopogon citratus and Mexican marigold, Tagetes minuta were evaluated in a two-chamber bioassay against 3- to 7-day-old unfed females of P. duboscqi in the laboratory. The results were compared with those that were obtained when test animals were treated with an equivalent dose of diethyl-3-methylbenzamide, which is a repellent that is commonly used as a positive control. RESULTS Overall, percentage repellency increased with increasing doses of the essential oils while biting rates decreased with increasing concentrations of the oils. Further, the oil of C. citratus was more potent than that of T. minuta with regard to protection time and biting deterrence. The effective doses at 50% (ED50) and at 90% (ED90) for the oil of C. citratus, were 0.04 and 0.79 mg/ml, respectively. Those of the oil of T. minuta were 0.10 and 12.58 mg/ml. In addition, the percentage repellency of 1 mg/ml of the essential oils of C. citratus and T. minuta against sandflies was 100% and 88.89%, respectively. A lower dose of 0.5 mg/ml of the oils, elicited 89.13% repellency for C. citratus and 52.22% for T. minuta. CONCLUSION The laboratory tests showed that the essential oils of the two plants were highly repellent to adult sand flies, P. duboscqi. Thus, the two essential oils are candidate natural repellents that can be used against P. duboscqi due to their high efficacy at very low doses, hence, the envisaged safety in their use over chemical repellents. It remains to carry out clinical studies on human subjects with appropriate formulations of the oils prior to recommending their adoption for use against the sandflies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Kimutai
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Kabianga, P.O. Box 2030-20200, Kericho, Kenya
| | - Moses Ngeiywa
- University of Eldoret, P.O. Box 1125-30100, Eldoret, Kenya
| | - Margaret Mulaa
- University of Eldoret, P.O. Box 1125-30100, Eldoret, Kenya
| | - Peter G. N. Njagi
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Kabianga, P.O. Box 2030-20200, Kericho, Kenya
| | - Johnstone Ingonga
- Center for Biotechnology Research and Development, Kenya Medical Research Institute, P.O. BOX 54840 - 00200, Mbagathi Rd., Nairobi, Kenya
| | | | - Cyprian Ombati
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Kabianga, P.O. Box 2030-20200, Kericho, Kenya
| | - Philip Ngumbi
- Center for Biotechnology Research and Development, Kenya Medical Research Institute, P.O. BOX 54840 - 00200, Mbagathi Rd., Nairobi, Kenya
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Alzawqari MH, Al-Baddany AA, Al-Baadani HH, Alhidary IA, Khan RU, Aqil GM, Abdurab A. Effect of feeding dried sweet orange (Citrus sinensis) peel and lemon grass (Cymbopogon citratus) leaves on growth performance, carcass traits, serum metabolites and antioxidant status in broiler during the finisher phase. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2016; 23:17077-82. [PMID: 27209636 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-6879-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The current experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of feeding dried sweet orange peel (SOP) and lemon grass leaves (LGL) as feed additives on broiler growth performance, serum metabolites, and antioxidant status. A total of 192-day-old (Ross 308) broiler chickens were distributed randomly into 4 dietary treatments with 4 replicates per each treatment. The dietary treatments included a control diet without any feed additive (T1), a diet containing 0.8 % SOP (T2), a diet containing 0.8 % LGL (T3), and a diet containing combination of 0.4 % SOP + 0.4 % LGL (T4) was fed during the growth period from 22 to 42 days. Feed intake (FI), body weight gain (BWG), feed conversion ratio (FCR), carcass traits, serum components, and antioxidant status were measured. At the end of the experimental period, the results indicated that supplementation of SOP and LGL alone or in combination did not significantly (P > 0.05) affect BWG, FI, FCR, and carcass characteristics in broiler chickens. Serum total protein was increased significantly (P < 0.05) in T3 and T4 compared to the other treatments. Also, serum globulin increased significantly (P < 0.05) in the treated groups. Serum glucose, low density lipoprotein, triglyceride, and very low density lipoprotein decreased significantly (P < 0.05) in the treatment groups, while cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein decreased in T2 compared to the other groups. Significantly (P < 0.05) higher total antioxidant status was observed in T2 compared to the other treatments. In conclusion, these results indicate that SOP, LGL, and their combination may positively modify some serum components and the antioxidant status without any beneficial effect on growth performance and carcass traits in broiler chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- M H Alzawqari
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Ibb University, P.O. Box 70270, Ibb, Yemen
| | - A A Al-Baddany
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Ibb University, P.O. Box 70270, Ibb, Yemen
| | - H H Al-Baadani
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - I A Alhidary
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rifat Ullah Khan
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia.
- Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Sciences, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan.
| | - G M Aqil
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Ibb University, P.O. Box 70270, Ibb, Yemen
| | - A Abdurab
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Ibb University, P.O. Box 70270, Ibb, Yemen
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Quiala E, Barbón R, Capote A, Pérez N, Jiménez E. In Vitro Mass Propagation of Cymbopogon citratus Stapf., a Medicinal Gramineae. Methods Mol Biol 2016; 1391:445-57. [PMID: 27108335 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-3332-7_30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
Cymbopogon citratus (D.C.) Stapf. is a medicinal plant source of lemon grass oils with multiple uses in the pharmaceutical and food industry. Conventional propagation in semisolid culture medium has become a fast tool for mass propagation of lemon grass, but the production cost must be lower. A solution could be the application of in vitro propagation methods based on liquid culture advantages and automation. This chapter provides two efficient protocols for in vitro propagation via organogenesis and somatic embryogenesis of this medicinal plant. Firstly, we report the production of shoots using a temporary immersion system (TIS). Secondly, a protocol for somatic embryogenesis using semisolid culture for callus formation and multiplication, and liquid culture in a rotatory shaker and conventional bioreactors for the maintenance of embryogenic culture, is described. Well-developed plants can be achieved from both protocols. Here we provide a fast and efficient technology for mass propagation of this medicinal plant taking the advantage of liquid culture and automation.
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Alfa IM, Dahunsi SO, Iorhemen OT, Okafor CC, Ajayi SA. Comparative evaluation of biogas production from poultry droppings, cow dung and lemon grass. Bioresour Technol 2014; 157:270-277. [PMID: 24561633 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2014.01.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2013] [Revised: 01/19/2014] [Accepted: 01/24/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The study explored the production of biogas from Lemon grass, Cow dung and Poultry droppings. The three substrates were pre-fermented according to standard methods. Six (6) kg of each pre-fermented substrate was mixed with water in ratio 1:1 v/v to form slurry and digested for 30days. A total of 0.125m(3), 0.191m(3) and 0.211m(3) of biogas were respectively produced from the Lemon grass, Cow dung and Poultry droppings with deviations of 0.00234m(3), 0.00289 m(3) and 0.00484 m(3) respectively. The cooking test carried out revealed that the scrubbed gas had higher cooking rates for water (0.12L/min, 0.085L/min and 0.079L/min for Lemon grass, Cow dung and Poultry droppings respectively) while the cooking rates for unscrubbed gas were 0.079L/min, 0.064L/min and 0.06L/min respectively. The pH of the medium fluctuated optimally between 6.5 and 7.8. The research demonstrated that Lemon grass produced less volume but better quality biogas compared to Cow dung and Poultry droppings.
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Affiliation(s)
- I M Alfa
- Department of Water Resources & Environmental Engineering, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria.
| | - S O Dahunsi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Landmark University, Omu-Aran, Nigeria.
| | - O T Iorhemen
- School of Civil Engineering, University of Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - C C Okafor
- Department of Water Resources & Environmental Engineering, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - S A Ajayi
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
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