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Saadh MJ, Ahmed HH, Sanghvi G, Bin Awang Isa MZ, Singh P, Kaur K, Kumar MR, Husseen B. Recent advances in the delivery of microRNAs via exosomes derived from MSCs, and their role in regulation of ferroptosis. Pathol Res Pract 2025; 270:155984. [PMID: 40315562 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2025.155984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2025] [Accepted: 04/18/2025] [Indexed: 05/04/2025]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy, with its unique properties, has garnered interest in cancer treatment. Exosomes (EXOs)-derived from MSC retain the paracrine components of MSCs and demonstrate increased stability, minimal immunogenicity, and low risk of unintended tumorigenesis. Enhanced endocytosis methods make them versatile delivery vehicles for therapeutic cargo. MSC-EXOs can either promote or inhibit carcinogenesis, mediated by paracrine factors and various RNA molecules, particularly microRNAs (miRNAs). The prospect of using MSC-EXOs as a delivery tool for antitumor miRNAs in solid tumor therapy is promising. Exosomes' intrinsic tumor-targeting abilities and low immunogenicity make them ideal for delivering miRNAs, which have shown potential as cancer therapeutics. miRNAs within MSC-EXOs molecules can stimulate tumor growth or induce non-apoptotic cell death pathways, such as ferroptosis, depending on context. Ferroptosis is a kind of controlled cell death that is associated with the pathophysiology of several illnesses and includes iron metabolism. There is growing evidence that miRNAs carried by exosomes derived from MSCs may control ferroptosis in tumor cells by altering key genes related to antioxidant defense, lipid peroxidation, and iron metabolism. Understanding their complex mechanisms in the tumor microenvironment and optimizing their cargo are critical steps toward harnessing their full therapeutic potential. This review provides a comprehensive overview of MSC-EXOs and their role in cancer treatment. We also discuss the potential of MSC-EXOs as delivery vehicles for miRNAs to enhance therapeutic efficacy, as well as the role of exosomal miRNAs in the induction of ferroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed J Saadh
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Middle East University, Amman 11831, Jordan.
| | | | - Gaurav Sanghvi
- Marwadi University Research Center, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Marwadi University, Rajkot, Gujarat 360003, India
| | | | - Priyanka Singh
- NIMS School of Allied Sciences and Technology, NIMS University, Jaipur, Rajasthan 303121, India
| | - Kiranjeet Kaur
- Chandigarh Pharmacy College, Chandigarh Group of colleges-Jhanjeri, Mohali, Punjab 140307, India
| | - M Ravi Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Raghu Engineering College, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh 531162, India
| | - Beneen Husseen
- Medical laboratory technique college, the Islamic University, Najaf, Iraq; Medical laboratory technique college, the Islamic University of Al Diwaniyah, Al Diwaniyah, Iraq
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D’Avila H, Lima CNR, Rampinelli PG, Mateus LCO, de Sousa Silva RV, Correa JR, de Almeida PE. Lipid Metabolism Modulation during SARS-CoV-2 Infection: A Spotlight on Extracellular Vesicles and Therapeutic Prospects. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:640. [PMID: 38203811 PMCID: PMC10778989 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have a significant impact on the pathophysiological processes associated with various diseases such as tumors, inflammation, and infection. They exhibit molecular, biochemical, and entry control characteristics similar to viral infections. Viruses, on the other hand, depend on host metabolic machineries to fulfill their biosynthetic requirements. Due to potential advantages such as biocompatibility, biodegradation, and efficient immune activation, EVs have emerged as potential therapeutic targets against the SARS-CoV-2 infection. Studies on COVID-19 patients have shown that they frequently have dysregulated lipid profiles, which are associated with an increased risk of severe repercussions. Lipid droplets (LDs) serve as organelles with significant roles in lipid metabolism and energy homeostasis as well as having a wide range of functions in infections. The down-modulation of lipids, such as sphingolipid ceramide and eicosanoids, or of the transcriptional factors involved in lipogenesis seem to inhibit the viral multiplication, suggesting their involvement in the virus replication and pathogenesis as well as highlighting their potential as targets for drug development. Hence, this review focuses on the role of modulation of lipid metabolism and EVs in the mechanism of immune system evasion during SARS-CoV-2 infection and explores the therapeutic potential of EVs as well as application for delivering therapeutic substances to mitigate viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heloisa D’Avila
- Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora 36036-900, Brazil; (H.D.); (P.G.R.); (L.C.O.M.); (R.V.d.S.S.)
| | | | - Pollianne Garbero Rampinelli
- Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora 36036-900, Brazil; (H.D.); (P.G.R.); (L.C.O.M.); (R.V.d.S.S.)
| | - Laiza Camila Oliveira Mateus
- Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora 36036-900, Brazil; (H.D.); (P.G.R.); (L.C.O.M.); (R.V.d.S.S.)
| | - Renata Vieira de Sousa Silva
- Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora 36036-900, Brazil; (H.D.); (P.G.R.); (L.C.O.M.); (R.V.d.S.S.)
| | - José Raimundo Correa
- Laboratory of Microscopy and Microanalysis, University of Brasília, Brasília 70910-900, Brazil;
| | - Patrícia Elaine de Almeida
- Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora 36036-900, Brazil; (H.D.); (P.G.R.); (L.C.O.M.); (R.V.d.S.S.)
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Pordanjani PM, Bolhassani A, Milani A, Pouriayevali MH. Extracellular vesicles in vaccine development and therapeutic approaches for viral diseases. Process Biochem 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2023.02.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
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Huda MN, Nurunnabi M. Potential Application of Exosomes in Vaccine Development and Delivery. Pharm Res 2022; 39:2635-2671. [PMID: 35028802 PMCID: PMC8757927 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-021-03143-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Exosomes are cell-derived components composed of proteins, lipid, genetic information, cytokines, and growth factors. They play a vital role in immune modulation, cell-cell communication, and response to inflammation. Immune modulation has downstream effects on the regeneration of damaged tissue, promoting survival and repair of damaged resident cells, and promoting the tumor microenvironment via growth factors, antigens, and signaling molecules. On top of carrying biological messengers like mRNAs, miRNAs, fragmented DNA, disease antigens, and proteins, exosomes modulate internal cell environments that promote downstream cell signaling pathways to facilitate different disease progression and induce anti-tumoral effects. In this review, we have summarized how vaccines modulate our immune response in the context of cancer and infectious diseases and the potential of exosomes as vaccine delivery vehicles. Both pre-clinical and clinical studies show that exosomes play a decisive role in processes like angiogenesis, prognosis, tumor growth metastasis, stromal cell activation, intercellular communication, maintaining cellular and systematic homeostasis, and antigen-specific T- and B cell responses. This critical review summarizes the advancement of exosome based vaccine development and delivery, and this comprehensive review can be used as a valuable reference for the broader delivery science community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Nurul Huda
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Texas at El Paso School of Pharmacy, 1101 N. Campbell St, El Paso, TX, 79902, USA
- Enviromental Science and Engineering, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, 79968, USA
- Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, 79968, USA
- Border Biomedical Research Center, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, 79968, USA
| | - Md Nurunnabi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Texas at El Paso School of Pharmacy, 1101 N. Campbell St, El Paso, TX, 79902, USA.
- Enviromental Science and Engineering, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, 79968, USA.
- Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, 79968, USA.
- Border Biomedical Research Center, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, 79968, USA.
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Plasma-Enabled Smart Nanoexosome Platform as Emerging Immunopathogenesis for Clinical Viral Infection. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14051054. [PMID: 35631640 PMCID: PMC9145689 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14051054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Smart nanoexosomes are nanosized structures enclosed in lipid bilayers that are structurally similar to the viruses released by a variety of cells, including the cells lining the respiratory system. Of particular importance, the interaction between smart nanoexosomes and viruses can be used to develop antiviral drugs and vaccines. It is possible that nanoexosomes will be utilized and antibodies will be acquired more successfully for the transmission of an immune response if reconvalescent plasma (CP) is used instead of reconvalescent plasma exosomes (CPExo) in this concept. Convalescent plasma contains billions of smart nanoexosomes capable of transporting a variety of molecules, including proteins, lipids, RNA and DNA among other viral infections. Smart nanoexosomes are released from virus-infected cells and play an important role in mediating communication between infected and uninfected cells. Infections use the formation, production and release of smart nanoexosomes to enhance the infection, transmission and intercellular diffusion of viruses. Cell-free smart nanoexosomes produced by mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) could also be used as cell-free therapies in certain cases. Smart nanoexosomes produced by mesenchymal stem cells can also promote mitochondrial function and heal lung injury. They can reduce cytokine storms and restore the suppression of host antiviral defenses weakened by viral infections. This study examines the benefits of smart nanoexosomes and their roles in viral transmission, infection, treatment, drug delivery and clinical applications. We also explore some potential future applications for smart nanoexosomes in the treatment of viral infections.
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O’Dowd K, Sánchez L, Ben Salem J, Beaudry F, Barjesteh N. Characterization of the Role of Extracellular Vesicles Released from Chicken Tracheal Cells in the Antiviral Responses against Avian Influenza Virus. MEMBRANES 2021; 12:membranes12010053. [PMID: 35054579 PMCID: PMC8780788 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12010053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
During viral respiratory infections, the innate antiviral response engages a complex network of cells and coordinates the secretion of key antiviral factors, such as cytokines, which requires high levels of regulation and communication. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are particles released from cells that contain an array of biomolecules, including lipids, proteins, and RNAs. The contents of EVs can be influenced by viral infections and may play a role in the regulation of antiviral responses. We hypothesized that the contents of EVs released from chicken tracheal cells are influenced by viral infection and that these EVs regulate the function of other immune cells, such as macrophages. To this end, we characterized the protein profile of EVs during avian influenza virus (AIV) infection and evaluated the impact of EV stimulation on chicken macrophage functions. A total of 140 differentially expressed proteins were identified upon stimulation with various stimuli. These proteins were shown to be involved in immune responses and cell signaling pathways. In addition, we demonstrated that EVs can activate macrophages. These results suggest that EVs play a role in the induction and modulation of antiviral responses during viral respiratory infections in chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey O’Dowd
- Research Group on Infectious Diseases in Production Animals (GREMIP), Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada;
- Swine and Poultry Infectious Disease Research Center (CRIPA), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada;
| | - Laura Sánchez
- Swine and Poultry Infectious Disease Research Center (CRIPA), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada;
| | - Jennifer Ben Salem
- Animal Pharmacology Research Group of Quebec (GREPAQ), Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada; (J.B.S.); (F.B.)
- Centre de Recherche sur le Cerveau et L’apprentissage (CIRCA), Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC J2S 2M2, Canada
| | - Francis Beaudry
- Animal Pharmacology Research Group of Quebec (GREPAQ), Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada; (J.B.S.); (F.B.)
- Centre de Recherche sur le Cerveau et L’apprentissage (CIRCA), Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC J2S 2M2, Canada
| | - Neda Barjesteh
- Research Group on Infectious Diseases in Production Animals (GREMIP), Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada;
- Swine and Poultry Infectious Disease Research Center (CRIPA), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada;
- Correspondence:
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Machhi J, Shahjin F, Das S, Patel M, Abdelmoaty MM, Cohen JD, Singh PA, Baldi A, Bajwa N, Kumar R, Vora LK, Patel TA, Oleynikov MD, Soni D, Yeapuri P, Mukadam I, Chakraborty R, Saksena CG, Herskovitz J, Hasan M, Oupicky D, Das S, Donnelly RF, Hettie KS, Chang L, Gendelman HE, Kevadiya BD. A Role for Extracellular Vesicles in SARS-CoV-2 Therapeutics and Prevention. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 2021; 16:270-288. [PMID: 33544324 PMCID: PMC7862527 DOI: 10.1007/s11481-020-09981-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are the common designation for ectosomes, microparticles and microvesicles serving dominant roles in intercellular communication. Both viable and dying cells release EVs to the extracellular environment for transfer of cell, immune and infectious materials. Defined morphologically as lipid bi-layered structures EVs show molecular, biochemical, distribution, and entry mechanisms similar to viruses within cells and tissues. In recent years their functional capacities have been harnessed to deliver biomolecules and drugs and immunological agents to specific cells and organs of interest or disease. Interest in EVs as putative vaccines or drug delivery vehicles are substantial. The vesicles have properties of receptors nanoassembly on their surface. EVs can interact with specific immunocytes that include antigen presenting cells (dendritic cells and other mononuclear phagocytes) to elicit immune responses or affect tissue and cellular homeostasis or disease. Due to potential advantages like biocompatibility, biodegradation and efficient immune activation, EVs have gained attraction for the development of treatment or a vaccine system against the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS CoV-2) infection. In this review efforts to use EVs to contain SARS CoV-2 and affect the current viral pandemic are discussed. An emphasis is made on mesenchymal stem cell derived EVs' as a vaccine candidate delivery system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jatin Machhi
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-5880, USA
| | - Farah Shahjin
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-5880, USA
| | - Srijanee Das
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Milankumar Patel
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-5880, USA
| | - Mai Mohamed Abdelmoaty
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
- Therapeutic Chemistry Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Division, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Jacob D Cohen
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-5880, USA
| | - Preet Amol Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Technology, Maharaja Ranjit Singh Punjab Technical University, Bathinda, PB, India
| | - Ashish Baldi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Technology, Maharaja Ranjit Singh Punjab Technical University, Bathinda, PB, India
| | - Neha Bajwa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Technology, Maharaja Ranjit Singh Punjab Technical University, Bathinda, PB, India
| | - Raj Kumar
- Center for Drug Delivery and Nanomedicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Lalit K Vora
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Tapan A Patel
- Department of Biological Sciences, P. D. Patel Institute of Applied Sciences (PDPIAS), Charotar University of Science and Technology (CHARUSAT), Changa, Anand, Gujarat, 388421, India
| | - Maxim D Oleynikov
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-5880, USA
| | - Dhruvkumar Soni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Pravin Yeapuri
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-5880, USA
| | - Insiya Mukadam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Rajashree Chakraborty
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-5880, USA
| | - Caroline G Saksena
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-5880, USA
| | - Jonathan Herskovitz
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Mahmudul Hasan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - David Oupicky
- Center for Drug Delivery and Nanomedicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Suvarthi Das
- Department of Medicine, Stanford Medical School, Stanford University, 94304, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Ryan F Donnelly
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Kenneth S Hettie
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Department of Radiology, Department of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, Stanford University, 94304, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Linda Chang
- Departments of Diagnostic Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, and Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, 21201, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Howard E Gendelman
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-5880, USA.
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Technology, Maharaja Ranjit Singh Punjab Technical University, Bathinda, PB, India.
| | - Bhavesh D Kevadiya
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-5880, USA
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Recent Progress on Exosomes in RNA Virus Infection. Viruses 2021; 13:v13020256. [PMID: 33567490 PMCID: PMC7915723 DOI: 10.3390/v13020256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent research indicates that most tissue and cell types can secrete and release membrane-enclosed small vesicles, known as exosomes, whose content reflects the physiological/pathological state of the cells from which they originate. These exosomes participate in the communication and cell-to-cell transfer of biologically active proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. Studies of RNA viruses have demonstrated that exosomes release regulatory factors from infected cells and deliver other functional host genetic elements to neighboring cells, and these functions are involved in the infection process and modulate the cellular responses. This review provides an overview of the biogenesis, composition, and some of the most striking functions of exosome secretion and identifies physiological/pathological areas in need of further research. While initial indications suggest that exosome-mediated pathways operate in vivo, the exosome mechanisms involved in the related effects still need to be clarified. The current review focuses on the role of exosomes in RNA virus infections, with an emphasis on the potential contributions of exosomes to pathogenesis.
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O’Dowd K, Emam M, El Khili MR, Emad A, Ibeagha-Awemu EM, Gagnon CA, Barjesteh N. Distinct miRNA Profile of Cellular and Extracellular Vesicles Released from Chicken Tracheal Cells Following Avian Influenza Virus Infection. Vaccines (Basel) 2020; 8:vaccines8030438. [PMID: 32764349 PMCID: PMC7565416 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines8030438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Innate responses provide the first line of defense against viral infections, including the influenza virus at mucosal surfaces. Communication and interaction between different host cells at the early stage of viral infections determine the quality and magnitude of immune responses against the invading virus. The release of membrane-encapsulated extracellular vesicles (EVs), from host cells, is defined as a refined system of cell-to-cell communication. EVs contain a diverse array of biomolecules, including microRNAs (miRNAs). We hypothesized that the activation of the tracheal cells with different stimuli impacts the cellular and EV miRNA profiles. Chicken tracheal rings were stimulated with polyI:C and LPS from Escherichia coli 026:B6 or infected with low pathogenic avian influenza virus H4N6. Subsequently, miRNAs were isolated from chicken tracheal cells or from EVs released from chicken tracheal cells. Differentially expressed (DE) miRNAs were identified in treated groups when compared to the control group. Our results demonstrated that there were 67 up-regulated miRNAs, 157 down-regulated miRNAs across all cellular and EV samples. In the next step, several genes or pathways targeted by DE miRNAs were predicted. Overall, this study presented a global miRNA expression profile in chicken tracheas in response to avian influenza viruses (AIV) and toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands. The results presented predicted the possible roles of some DE miRNAs in the induction of antiviral responses. The DE candidate miRNAs, including miR-146a, miR-146b, miR-205a, miR-205b and miR-449, can be investigated further for functional validation studies and to be used as novel prophylactic and therapeutic targets in tailoring or enhancing antiviral responses against AIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey O’Dowd
- Research Group on Infectious Diseases in Production Animals (GREMIP), Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada; (K.O.); (C.A.G.)
- Swine and Poultry Infectious Diseases Research Center (CRIPA), Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada;
| | - Mehdi Emam
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada;
- McGill University Research Centre on Complex Traits (MRCCT), Department of Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 0B1, Canada
| | - Mohamed Reda El Khili
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0E9, Canada; (M.R.E.K.); (A.E.)
| | - Amin Emad
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0E9, Canada; (M.R.E.K.); (A.E.)
| | - Eveline M. Ibeagha-Awemu
- Sherbrooke Research & Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Sherbrooke, QC J1M 0C8, Canada;
| | - Carl A. Gagnon
- Research Group on Infectious Diseases in Production Animals (GREMIP), Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada; (K.O.); (C.A.G.)
- Swine and Poultry Infectious Diseases Research Center (CRIPA), Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada;
| | - Neda Barjesteh
- Research Group on Infectious Diseases in Production Animals (GREMIP), Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada; (K.O.); (C.A.G.)
- Swine and Poultry Infectious Diseases Research Center (CRIPA), Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-450-773-8521 (ext. 33191)
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Expression Profiles of Exosomal MicroRNAs from HEV- and HCV-Infected Blood Donors and Patients: A Pilot Study. Viruses 2020; 12:v12080833. [PMID: 32751663 PMCID: PMC7472156 DOI: 10.3390/v12080833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes seem to play an important role in hepatits C virus (HCV) and hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection by shielding their cargo from the host immune responses, with microRNAs being key exosomal components. Little is known about their involvement in a mixed HCV/HEV infection or at the early stages of infection, such as in asymptomatic blood donors (BDs). To obtain preliminary data, we have compared the exosomal microRNA expression profiles in four each of HCV RNA-positive, HEV RNA-positive and negative blood donors and four patients, one of whom was a rare patient with HCV/HEV co-infection. Exosomes were purified from sera by a combination of a precipitation and density gradient centrifugation and exosomal microRNA was analysed using Taqman array cards. Out of 33 deregulated miRNAs, miR-885-5p and miR-365 were upregulated in HCV BDs, miR-627-5p was downregulated in HCV BD and miR-221 was downregulated in HCV patients and BDs. In HEV infection, miR-526b appeared specifically downregulated. Six miRNAs (miR-628-3p, miR-194, miR-151-3p, miR-512-3p, miR-335 and miR-590) indicated a potential involvement in both infections. First time preliminary data on pre- and post-antiviral treatment exosomal microRNA profiles of the HEV/HCV co-infected patient revealed a pool of 77 upregulated and 43 downregulated miRNAs to be further investigated for their potential roles in these viral infections.
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11
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He G, Wu J, Kong H, Zhang Y, Li Y, Cai M, Shaduhan G, Yan Y, Zheng Y, Ding J. Comparative analysis of miRNAs in exosomes released by sheeppox virus-infected ovine testicular cells. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2019; 67:101363. [PMID: 31600681 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2019.101363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Exosomes, secreted by various cells, are nanometer-scale vesicles with the functions in intercellular communication. To understand a role of exosomal miRNAs in the sheeppox virus infection, exosomes were isolated from sheeppox virus-infected sheep testicular cells 0 h, 24 h and 72 h post infection. The results of transmission electron microscopy and size distribution showed that all three exosome samples were spherical particles with negatively-stained membrane, ranging from 39 nm to 127 nm in diameter. A total of 106 known and 279 novel miRNAs were identified, and 78 known and 54 novel miRNAs were commonly detected in three exosome samples. Compared with the exosomes by the uninfected controls, a total of 34 known miRNAs were aberrantly expressed in the exosomes from infected cells. In agreement with the sequencing data, the expression of oar-miR-21 and oar-miR-10b was shown to be the highest in exosomes at 24 h after SPPV-infected, and the expression of oar-let-7f was the highest in exosomes at 72 h. Conversely, the expression of oar-let-7b and oar-miR-221 was significantly decreased 24 h and 72 h post infection compared with 0 h. The analysis results also revealed that differentially expressed miRNAs were mostly involved in an immune system process and stimulus response. These results provide rich data to further investigate a role of exosomal miRNAs in SPPV-host interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guitian He
- College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, 830046, China
| | - Jin'en Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, CAAS, Lanzhou, 730046, China
| | - Helei Kong
- College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, 830046, China
| | - Yong'e Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, CAAS, Lanzhou, 730046, China
| | - Yating Li
- College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, 830046, China
| | - Mengting Cai
- College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, 830046, China
| | - Gulinazi Shaduhan
- College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, 830046, China
| | - Yuting Yan
- College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, 830046, China
| | - Yadong Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, CAAS, Lanzhou, 730046, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
| | - Juntao Ding
- College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, 830046, China.
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12
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Shi Y, Du L, Lv D, Li H, Shang J, Lu J, Zhou L, Bai L, Tang H. Exosomal Interferon-Induced Transmembrane Protein 2 Transmitted to Dendritic Cells Inhibits Interferon Alpha Pathway Activation and Blocks Anti-Hepatitis B Virus Efficacy of Exogenous Interferon Alpha. Hepatology 2019; 69:2396-2413. [PMID: 30723923 PMCID: PMC6593428 DOI: 10.1002/hep.30548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The negative regulators in the interferon (IFN) signaling pathway inhibit intrahepatic immune response, resulting in suboptimal therapeutic response to IFNα treatment in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients. Identifying the key negative factors and elucidating the regulating mechanism are essential for improving anti-HBV (hepatitis B virus) efficacy of IFNα. From the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, we downloaded and analyzed gene expression profiles of CHB patients with different responses to IFNα (GSE54747), and found that innate immune status was associated with the IFNα-based therapeutic response in CHB patients. Through PCR array, we found higher baseline level of IFN-induced transmembrane protein 2 (IFITM2) mRNA and lower baseline level of IFNα mRNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of CHB patients with suboptimal response to IFNα treatment. Increased IFITM2 protein was also found in the serum of IFNα nonresponsive patients. With further experiments, we found that overexpressing IFITM2 in Huh7 cells suppressed endogenous IFNα synthesis by inhibiting phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1), and interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3); knocking out IFITM2 enhanced activation of the endogenous IFNα synthesis pathway, exhibiting better inhibition on HBV replication. We also found that IFITM2 protein was shuttled by exosomes to dendritic cells (DCs), the main source of endogenous IFNα. Exosome-mediated transport of IFITM2 inhibited synthesis of endogenous IFNα in DCs whereas the inhibitory effect was abolished when IFITM2 was knocked out. Furthermore, we demonstrated that both palmitoylation inhibitor and mutation on 70/71 sites of IFITM2 protein influenced its incorporation into exosomes. Mutated IFITM2 protein increased the effect of IFNα against HBV. Conclusion: Exosome-mediated transport of IFITM2 to DCs inhibits IFNα pathway activation and blocks anti-HBV efficacy of exogenous IFNα. The findings provide an explanation to the suboptimal response of CHB patients to IFNα treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Shi
- Division of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Center of Infectious Diseases, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina,Center of Infectious DiseasesWest China Hospital of Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Lingyao Du
- Division of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Center of Infectious Diseases, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina,Center of Infectious DiseasesWest China Hospital of Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Duoduo Lv
- Center of Infectious DiseasesWest China Hospital of Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Hong Li
- Center of Infectious DiseasesWest China Hospital of Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Jin Shang
- Center of Infectious DiseasesWest China Hospital of Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Jiajie Lu
- Center of Infectious DiseasesWest China Hospital of Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Lingyun Zhou
- Center of Infectious DiseasesWest China Hospital of Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Lang Bai
- Center of Infectious DiseasesWest China Hospital of Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Hong Tang
- Division of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Center of Infectious Diseases, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina,Center of Infectious DiseasesWest China Hospital of Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
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13
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Jeon H, Lee J, Lee S, Kang SK, Park SJ, Yoo SM, Lee MS. Extracellular Vesicles From KSHV-Infected Cells Stimulate Antiviral Immune Response Through Mitochondrial DNA. Front Immunol 2019; 10:876. [PMID: 31068945 PMCID: PMC6491682 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Kaposi's Sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) is the etiologic agent of Kaposi's sarcoma, which is the most common cancer in acquired immune deficiency syndrome patients. KSHV contains a variety of immunoregulatory proteins. There have been many studies on the modulation of antiviral response by these immunoregulatory proteins of KSHV. However, the antiviral effects of extracellular vesicles (EVs) during de novo KSHV infection have not been investigated to our best knowledge. In this study, we showed that KSHV-infected cells induce interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) response but not type I interferon in uninfected bystander cells using EVs. mRNA microarray analysis showed that ISGs and IRF-activating genes were prominently activated in EVs from KSHV-infected cells (KSHV EVs)-treated human endothelial cells, which were validated by RT-qPCR and western blot analysis. We also found that this response was not associated with cell death or apoptosis by virus infection. Mechanistically, the cGAS-STING pathway was linked with these KSHV EVs-mediated ISGs expressions, and mitochondrial DNA on the surface of KSHV EVs was one of the causative factors. Besides, KSHV EVs-treated cells showed lower infectivity for KSHV and viral replication activity than mock EVs-treated cells. Our results indicate that EVs from KSHV-infected cells could be an initiating factor for the innate immune response against viral infection, which may be critical to understanding the microenvironment of virus-infected cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyungtaek Jeon
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Eulji University School of Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Jisu Lee
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Eulji University School of Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Suhyuk Lee
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Eulji University School of Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Su-Kyung Kang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Eulji University School of Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Sang June Park
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Eulji University School of Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Seung-Min Yoo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Eulji University School of Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Myung-Shin Lee
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Eulji University School of Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea
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14
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Wang J, Teng Y, Zhao G, Li F, Hou A, Sun B, Kong W, Gao F, Cai L, Jiang C. Exosome-Mediated Delivery of Inducible miR-423-5p Enhances Resistance of MRC-5 Cells to Rabies Virus Infection. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20071537. [PMID: 30934732 PMCID: PMC6479321 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20071537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Revised: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The human diploid cell line Medical Research Council -5 (MRC-5) is commonly utilized for vaccine development. Although a rabies vaccine developed in cultured MRC-5 cells exists, the poor susceptibility of MRC-5 cells to the rabies virus (RABV) infection limits the potential yield of this vaccine. The underlying mechanism of MRC-5 cell resistance to RABV infection remains unknown. In this study, we demonstrate that viral infection increased exosomal release from MRC-5 cells; conversely, blocking exosome release promoted RABV infection in MRC-5 cells. Additionally, RABV infection up-regulated microRNA (miR)-423-5p expression in exosomes, resulting in feedback inhibition of RABV replication by abrogating the inhibitory effect of suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3) on type I interferon (IFN) signaling. Furthermore, intercellular delivery of miR-423-5p by exosomes inhibited RABV replication in MRC-5 cells. We also show that RABV infection increased IFN-β production in MRC-5 cells and that blocking the type I IFN receptor promoted RABV infection. In conclusion, MRC-5 cells were protected from RABV infection by the intercellular delivery of exosomal miR-423-5p and the up-regulation of IFN-β. These findings reveal novel antiviral mechanisms in MRC-5 cells against RABV infection. miR-423-5p, exosomes, and IFN signaling pathways may therefore be potential targets for improving MRC-5 cell-based rabies vaccine production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyu Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China.
| | - Yawei Teng
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China.
| | - Guanshu Zhao
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China.
| | - Fang Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China.
| | - Ali Hou
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China.
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China.
| | - Bo Sun
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China.
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China.
| | - Wei Kong
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China.
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China.
| | - Feng Gao
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China.
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China.
| | - Linjun Cai
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China.
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China.
| | - Chunlai Jiang
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China.
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China.
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15
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Fulop T, Witkowski JM, Larbi A, Khalil A, Herbein G, Frost EH. Does HIV infection contribute to increased beta-amyloid synthesis and plaque formation leading to neurodegeneration and Alzheimer's disease? J Neurovirol 2019; 25:634-647. [PMID: 30868421 DOI: 10.1007/s13365-019-00732-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Revised: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
HIV infection in the combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) era has become a chronic disease with a life expectancy almost identical to those free from this infection. Concomitantly, chronic diseases such as neurodegenerative diseases have emerged as serious clinical problems. HIV-induced cognitive changes, although clinically very diverse are collectively called HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND). HAND, which until the introduction of cART manifested clinically as a subcortical disorder, is now considered primarily cognitive disorder, which makes it similar to diseases like Alzheimer's (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD). The pathogenesis involves either the direct effects of the virus or the effect of viral proteins such as Tat, Ggp120, and Nef. These proteins are either capable of destroying neurons directly by inducing neurotoxic mediators or by initiating neuroinflammation by microglia and astrocytes. Recently, it has become recognized that HIV infection is associated with increased production of the beta-amyloid peptide (Aβ) which is a characteristic of AD. Moreover, amyloid plaques have also been demonstrated in the brains of patients suffering from HAND. Thus, the question arises whether this production of Aβ indicates that HAND may lead to AD or it is a form of AD or this increase in Aβ production is only a bystander effect. It has also been discovered that APP in HIV and its metabolic product Aβ in AD manifest antiviral innate immune peptide characteristics. This review attempts to bring together studies linking amyloid precursor protein (APP) and Aβ production in HIV infection and their possible impact on the course of HAND and AD. These data indicate that human defense mechanisms in HAND and AD are trying to contain microorganisms by antimicrobial peptides, however by employing different means. Future studies will, no doubt, uncover the relationship between HAND and AD and, hopefully, reveal novel treatment possibilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamas Fulop
- Research Center on Aging, Geriatric Division, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Sherbrooke, 3001, 12th Avenue North, Sherbrooke, Quebec, J1H 5N4, Canada.
| | - Jacek M Witkowski
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Anis Larbi
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Immunos Building, Biopolis, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Abdelouahed Khalil
- Research Center on Aging, Geriatric Division, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Sherbrooke, 3001, 12th Avenue North, Sherbrooke, Quebec, J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Georges Herbein
- Department Pathogens & Inflammation-EPILAB, UPRES EA4266, Université of Franche-Comté (UFC), University of Bourgogne France-Comté (UBFC), F-25030, Besançon, France.,Department of Virology, CHRU Besancon, F-25030, Besancon, France
| | - Eric H Frost
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
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16
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Changes in the biochemical taste of cytoplasmic and cell-free DNA are major fuels for inflamm-aging. Semin Immunol 2018; 40:6-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2018.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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17
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Ellwanger JH, Zambra FMB, Guimarães RL, Chies JAB. MicroRNA-Related Polymorphisms in Infectious Diseases-Tiny Changes With a Huge Impact on Viral Infections and Potential Clinical Applications. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1316. [PMID: 29963045 PMCID: PMC6010531 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are single-stranded sequences of non-coding RNA with approximately 22 nucleotides that act posttranscriptionally on gene expression. miRNAs are important gene regulators in physiological contexts, but they also impact the pathogenesis of various diseases. The role of miRNAs in viral infections has been explored by different authors in both population-based as well as in functional studies. However, the effect of miRNA polymorphisms on the susceptibility to viral infections and on the clinical course of these diseases is still an emerging topic. Thus, this review will compile and organize the findings described in studies that evaluated the effects of genetic variations on miRNA genes and on their binding sites, in the context of human viral diseases. In addition to discussing the basic aspects of miRNAs biology, we will cover the studies that investigated miRNA polymorphisms in infections caused by hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, human immunodeficiency virus, Epstein–Barr virus, and human papillomavirus. Finally, emerging topics concerning the importance of miRNA genetic variants will be presented, focusing on the context of viral infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel Henrique Ellwanger
- Laboratório de Imunobiologia e Imunogenética, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Francis Maria Báo Zambra
- Laboratório de Imunobiologia e Imunogenética, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Rafael Lima Guimarães
- Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife, Brazil.,Laboratório de Imunopatologia Keizo Asami (LIKA), Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife, Brazil
| | - José Artur Bogo Chies
- Laboratório de Imunobiologia e Imunogenética, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
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18
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Mills EA, Mao-Draayer Y. Understanding Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy Risk in Multiple Sclerosis Patients Treated with Immunomodulatory Therapies: A Bird's Eye View. Front Immunol 2018; 9:138. [PMID: 29456537 PMCID: PMC5801425 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The increased use of newer potent immunomodulatory therapies for multiple sclerosis (MS), including natalizumab, fingolimod, and dimethyl fumarate, has expanded the patient population at risk for developing progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML). These MS therapies shift the profile of lymphocytes within the central nervous system (CNS) leading to increased anti-inflammatory subsets and decreased immunosurveillance. Similar to MS, PML is a demyelinating disease of the CNS, but it is caused by the JC virus. The manifestation of PML requires the presence of an active, genetically rearranged form of the JC virus within CNS glial cells, coupled with the loss of appropriate JC virus-specific immune responses. The reliability of metrics used to predict risk for PML could be improved if all three components, i.e., viral genetic strain, localization, and host immune function, were taken into account. Advances in our understanding of the critical lymphocyte subpopulation changes induced by these MS therapies and ability to detect viral mutation and reactivation will facilitate efforts to develop these metrics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A Mills
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Yang Mao-Draayer
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States.,Graduate Program in Immunology, Program in Biomedical Sciences, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
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19
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Fu Y, Zhang L, Zhang F, Tang T, Zhou Q, Feng C, Jin Y, Wu Z. Exosome-mediated miR-146a transfer suppresses type I interferon response and facilitates EV71 infection. PLoS Pathog 2017; 13:e1006611. [PMID: 28910400 PMCID: PMC5614653 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1006611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Revised: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes can transfer genetic materials between cells. Their roles in viral infections are beginning to be appreciated. Researches have shown that exosomes released from virus-infected cells contain a variety of viral and host cellular factors that are able to modulate recipient’s cellular response and result in productive infection of the recipient host. Here, we showed that EV71 infection resulted in upregulated exosome secretion and differential packaging of the viral genomic RNA and miR-146a into exosomes. We provided evidence showing that miR-146a was preferentially enriched in exosomes while the viral RNA was not in infected cells. Moreover, the exosomes contained replication-competent EV71 RNA in complex with miR-146a, Ago2, and GW182 and could mediate EV71 transmission independent of virus-specific receptor. The exosomal viral RNA could be transferred to and replicate in a new target cell while the exosomal miR-146a suppressed type I interferon response in the target cell, thus facilitating the viral replication. Additionally, we found that the IFN-stimulated gene factors (ISGs), BST-2/tetherin, were involved in regulating EV71-induced upregulation of exosome secretion. Importantly, in vivo study showed that exosomal viral RNA exhibited differential tissue accumulation as compared to the free virus particles. Together, our findings provide evidence that exosomes secreted by EV71-infected cells selectively packaged high level miR-146a that can be functionally transferred to and facilitate exosomal EV71 RNA to replicate in the recipient cells by suppressing type I interferon response. Exosomes are small membrane-encapsulated vesicles that secrete into the extracellular environment. Various proteins and RNA molecules have been identified in exosomes whose content reflects the physiological or pathological state of the host cells. Researches have shown that exosomes released from virus-infected cells contain a variety of viral and host cellular factors that are able to modulate recipient’s cellular responses and result in productive infection of the recipient host. Here, we showed that Enterovirus 71 (EV71), a non-enveloped, single-strand positive sense RNA virus that belongs to the family Picornaviridae and is a major etiologic agent of hand-foot and-mouth disease (HFMD), could stimulate exosome secretion and differential packaging of the viral genomic RNA and miR-146a into exosomes. The exosomal viral RNA could be transferred to and replicate in a new target cell while the exosomal miR-146a suppressed type I interferon response in the target cell, thus facilitating the viral replication. Importantly, in vivo study showed that exosomal viral RNA exhibited differential tissue accumulation as compared to the free virus particles. We postulate that the preferential packaging of miRNA-146a into exosome is a viral strategy of suppressing host innate immunity upon infection and the exosomal EV 71 RNA may play an important pathogenic role in the infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxuan Fu
- Center for Public Health Research, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Li Zhang
- Center for Public Health Research, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Fang Zhang
- Center for Public Health Research, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Ting Tang
- Center for Public Health Research, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Qi Zhou
- Nanjing Children's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Chunhong Feng
- Center for Public Health Research, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Yu Jin
- Nanjing Children's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Zhiwei Wu
- Center for Public Health Research, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, PR China
- State Key Lab of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, PR China
- Medical School and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, PR China
- * E-mail:
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20
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Martelli F, Giannecchini S. Polyomavirus microRNAs circulating in biological fluids during viral persistence. Rev Med Virol 2017; 27:e1927. [DOI: 10.1002/rmv.1927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Revised: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Martelli
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine; University of Florence; Florence Italy
| | - Simone Giannecchini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine; University of Florence; Florence Italy
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21
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Petrik J, Seghatchian J. Big things from small packages: The multifaceted roles of extracellular vesicles in the components quality, therapy and infection. Transfus Apher Sci 2016; 55:4-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.transci.2016.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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