Profile of Rh, Kell, Duffy, Kidd, and Diego blood group systems among blood donors in the Southwest region of the Paraná state, Southern Brazil

Genetic profile of RHCE, Kell, Duffy, Kidd, Diego and MNS hybrid glycophorins blood groups in ethnic northeastern Thais: Alleles, genotypes and risk of alloimmunisation

BACKGROUND

Antibodies against blood group antigens play a key role in the pathophysiology of haemolytic transfusion reactions (HTRs) and haemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn (HDFN). This study aimed to determine the frequencies of alleles, genotypes, and risk of alloimmunisation of clinically significant blood group systems in ethnic northeastern Thais.

METHODS

In total, 345 unrelated, healthy, ethnic northeastern Thais were tested using the in-house PCR-sequence specific primers (PCR-SSP) method for simultaneously genotyping of RHCE, Kell, Duffy, Kidd, Diego and MNS glycophorin hybrids and results confirmed by Sanger sequencing.

RESULTS

In this cohort, the alleles RHCE*C (81.0%) and RHCE*e (84.8%) were more prevalent than RHCE*c (19.0%) and RHCE*E (15.2%). The most common predicted haplotype combinations of the RHCE alleles were C+c-E-e+(R1R1) (59.4%) followed by the C+c+E+e+ (R1R2) (20.6%) and C+c+E-e+ (R1r) (11.3%). The KEL*01 allele was not found in this study. The frequencies of FY*01 and FY*02 were 88.3% and 11.7%, respectively. The genotype FY*02/02 was found in four samples (1.2%). The frequencies of JK*01 and JK*02 were 52.5% and 47.5%, respectively. Homozygous JK*02/02 was found in 81 samples (23.5%). The frequencies of DI*01 and DI*02 were 0.6% and 99.4%, respectively. In total, 64 samples (18.6%) were found to carry the MNS glycophorin hybrids.

CONCLUSIONS

Our results indicated a possible high risk of c, E, Fyb, Jka, Jkb and Mia alloimmunisation in these populations. Moreover, methods established for genotyping clinically significant blood groups in this study can now be utilised in routine clinical application.

Frequency of the DI*A, DI*B and Band 3 Memphis polymorphism among distinct groups in Brazil

INTRODUCTION

The Band 3 is a red blood cell protein that carries the Dia and Dib antigens from the Diego blood system. The SLC4A1 gene encodes Band 3; Band 3 Memphis is a polymorphism of normal Band 3 and has two variants, but only the variant II carries the Dia antigen.

OBJECTIVES

Describe the frequencies of the DI*A and DI*B alleles and the Band 3 Memphis among blood donors, sickle cell disease (SCD) patients and Amazonian Indians.

METHODS

A total of 427 blood samples were collected and separated into three groups: 206 unrelated blood donors, 90 patients with SCD and 131 Amazonian Indians. We performed DI*A/B, normal Band 3 and Band 3 Memphis genotyping, using the Polymerase Chain Reaction Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (PCR-RFLP).

RESULTS

The frequency of the DI*A/DI*A genotype was 0.5% in blood donors and it was not found in other groups. The frequency of the DI*A/DI*B was higher in Amazonian Indians (33.6%) and the frequency of the DI*B/DI*B was highest in blood donors (92.2%). All 105 individuals tested were positive for the presence of normal Band 3 and of these individuals, only 5/105 (4.8%) presented the Band 3 Memphis mutation.

CONCLUSION

We observed a higher frequency of the DI*B allele in blood donors and a low frequency of the DI*A/DI*A genotype in all groups studied. The Band 3 Memphis was found in a higher frequency in the blood donor group. Our findings highlight the importance of analyzing different population groups to gain a better understanding of the genetic association of blood group antigens.

Frequencies of genetic variants of the Rh, Kell, Duffy, Kidd, MNS and Diego systems of northwest Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil

INTRODUCTION

To date, 340 antigen-organized 43 blood group systems are recognized, being ABO, Rh, Kell, Duffy, Kidd, MNS and Diego the most clinically relevant. The aim of this study was to assess the distribution of alleles and genotypes of the blood group systems Rh, Kell, Duffy, Kidd, MNS and Diego in 810 blood donors registered in the hemotherapy unit in northwest Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil METHODS: We evaluated the genetic variability of blood groups Rh (c.676G>C and c.307C>T), Kell (c.578C>T), Kidd (c.838A>G), Duffy (c.125A>G and c.1-67T>C), Diego (c.2561C>T) and MNS (c.143T>C) in 810 volunteer blood donors of Rio Grande do Sul, southern Brazil. The genetic profiling was performed through allelic discrimination assays using hydrolysis probes (TaqMan®) real-time PCR system.

RESULTS

The most frequent blood group genotypes found in our study population were: RHC*Cc (51.5%), RHC*ee (70.1%), FY*A/FY*B (49.3%), GATA -67T/T (93.5%), KEL*2/KEL*2 (93.4%), JK*A/JK*B (53.2%) and DI*02/DI*02 (95.4%). Some statistical differences were observed on comparing the population of this study with populations from other states in Brazil, mainly with population of Minas Gerais, Bahia and Paraná, which showed some differences from the population of Porto Alegre, which was more similar to those of Santa Catarina and São Paulo CONCLUSION: The frequency of red blood cell polymorphisms in our study is different from that of blood donors in other regions of Brazil. The results showed the importance of extended genotyping in adequate blood screening and the existence of rare genotypes in Brazilian regular blood donors.

Blood groups in Native Americans: a look beyond ABO and Rh

The study presents comparisons between blood group frequencies beyond ABO and Rh blood systems in Native American populations and previously published data from Brazilian blood donors. The frequencies of Diego (c.2561C>T, rs2285644), Kell (c.578C>T, rs8176058), Duffy (c.125A>G, rs12075, c.1-67T>C, rs2814778) and Kidd (c.838A>G, rs1058396) variants in Kaingang (n=72) and Guarani (n=234) populations from Brazil (1990-2000) were obtained and compared with data from these populations sampled during the 1960s and with individuals of different Brazilian regions. Data showed high frequencies of DI*01 and FY*01 alleles: 11.8% and 57.6% in Kaingang and 6.8% and 75.7% in Guarani groups, respectively. The main results indicated: (1) reduction in genetic distance over time of Kaingang and Guarani in relation to other Brazilian populations is suggestive of ongoing admixture; (2) significant differences in some frequencies of blood group markers (especially Diego, Kidd and Duffy) in relation to Native Americans and individuals from different geographical regions of Brazil. Our study shows that the frequency of red blood cell polymorphisms in two Native American groups is very different from that of blood donors, when we evaluated blood groups different from ABO and Rh systems, suggesting that a better ethnic characterization of blood unit receptors is necessary.

Frequency of antigen Dia on the blood donor population of the Hemocenter coordinator of the Hemopa Foundation

Introduction

Erythrocyte phenotyping is a very important test in the adoption of prophylactic measures to reduce transfusion reactions/alloimmunizations in polytransfused patients. The blood group Diego, in its current, form has 22 antigens, of which 4 are immunogenic, being Diª/Di^b and W^ra/W^rb, while the others are less expressive. The antigen Diª is of low incidence among whites and blacks, however, it is common in the South American indigenous and Asian Mongolian populations. It is also considered a system of clinical importance for its immunogenicity.

Method

The present study aimed to carry out a retrospective and descriptive survey of the frequency of the Diª antigen in the blood donor population at the HEMOPA Foundation Coordinating Blood Center from 12/2018 to 1/2000. The data obtained were from the HEMOPA Foundation SBS Progress and SBS WEB Systems databases.

Results

During this period, 941,744 blood bags were collected and, of these, 930 bags were phenotyped for the Diª antigen, of which 842 were negative and 88 (9.7%) positive. The research showed that, among the positive donors for the antigen Diª, 88.6% were brown, 3.4%, black and 8%, white. In the statistical analysis, the frequency observed was higher in browns.

Conclusion

In the present investigation, we concluded that our region has a relatively higher frequency of the Diª antigen, when compared to the rest of Brazil, and it occurs more often in browns.

Genetic variability of blood groups in southern Brazil

We evaluated genetic variability among the blood groups Kell (c.578C > T and c.1790T > C), Kidd (c.838A > G), Duffy (c.125A > G, c.265C > T and c.1-67T > C), Diego (c.2561C > T), MNS (c.143T > C) and Rh (c.676G > C) in Rio Grande do Sul in southern Brazil. Genetic profiling from 382 volunteer blood donors was performed through allelic discrimination assays using a hydrolysis probe (TaqMan®) with a real-time PCR system. The sample was divided into two groups: Euro-Brazilian and Afro-Brazilian. A comparison with studies from other regions of Brazil and the 1000 Genomes Database showed significant differences for almost all polymorphisms evaluated in our population. Population differentiation between the Euro- and Afro-Brazilian groups was low (F_ST value 0.055). However, when each locus was evaluated individually, KEL*06 and FY*02N.01 allele frequencies were significantly higher in the Afro-Brazilian group than in the Euro-Brazilian group. Ethnic classification that uses phenotypic criteria to find blood units with rare antigens may be important when there is a need to detect blood units with an absence of Duffy antigens. There is also a greater probability of finding donors in the Afro-Brazilian group. Taken together, the data indicate strong European and African contributions to the gene pool, with intense admixture.

Specific Combinations of Erythrocyte Group Antigens in Blood Donors

Blood groups are inherited biological characteristics that do not change throughout life only in healthy people. Blood group antigens determine the adaptation of a human, as a biological species, to the surrounding environment. Our goal was to study the combination and frequency characteristics of three group systems (ABO, RH, KELL) in blood donors. The blood of 743 donors (aged ≥ 18 years) has been investigated on erythrocyte blood group antigens (521 male and 222 female). The sample has been provided from diagnostic laboratory of "Health Centre Medina Ltd" of Batumi. Research was agreed with hematology department of the clinic. Blood typing of the sample has been carried out on the basis of immunogenetic laboratory of Batumi Shota Rustaveli State University. The express method with universal mono-clone antibodies was used in order to reveal blood group system antigens. ABO blood group are distributed the following order: O > A > B > AB. We allocated 16 phenotypic groups. O, Rh+, K- (38.62 ± 1.7%) are represented with the highest percentage among donors and a rather large number of the investigated donors (287 donors) is the carrier of this phenotype. A frequency distribution of the A, Rh+, K- phenotype group 10% (28.93 ± 1.6) was less. 215 donors carry A, Rh+, K- phenotype combination. O, Rh+, K+ and A, Rh+, K+ variations of the phenotype are represented with an equal percentage (3.23 ± 0.4%). 7.94 ± 0.9% donors are characterized by features of the O, Rh-, K- Erythrocyte group. A frequency distribution of B, Rh+, K- phenotype is slightly less - 6.86 ± 0.9%. A, Rh-, K combination of phenotype occurs with a frequency of 4.97 ± 0.7%, and AB, Rh+, K- occurs with a frequency of 2.28 ± 0.5%. I n the donor population there were only single cases of B, Rh-, K+ (0.13 ± 0.01); AB, Rh+, K+ (0.13 ± 0.01); AB, Rh-, K- (0.40 ± 0.2); B, Rh+, K+ (0.26 ± 0.1); O, Rh-, K+ (0.40 ± 0.2); A, Rh-, K+ (0.67 ± 0.2) combination of phenotype. The phenotype AB, Rh-, K+ was not identified. The existence of this database will increase the safety level of transfusion, widen donors database and allow the clinics to find quickly the rare combination of blood group for transfusion and decrease of the risk of post-transfusion complications.

The screening of rare blood donors in a highly admixed population: A new approach for Holley and Diego genotyping and impact of genomic and self-reported ancestry

OBJECTIVES

The present study aimed to develop strategies for genotyping DO*HY (Dombrock system) and DI*A/DI*B (Diego system) alleles and to evaluate the impact of genomic and self-declared ancestry on rare donor screening in admixed populations.

BACKGROUND

The antigens Hy and Di^b demonstrate clinical importance. The lack of antisera for the serological evaluation of these antigens makes it necessary to develop molecular methods. In addition, considering that some rare red blood cell phenotypes present differences in frequency between ethnic groups, it is important to assess the applicability of self-declared ancestry in the search for rare donors in admixed populations.

METHODS

DO*HY and DI*A/DI*B genotyping based on real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was standardised. A total of 457 blood donors clustered by self-defined skin colour/race categories were genotyped. Furthermore, individual genomic ancestry was used in the analyses.

RESULTS

The assays developed are reproducible and provide satisfactory results even at low concentrations of DNA, which make them useful in situations where the DNA is scarce, such as dried blood spots on filter paper, or when screening for pooled samples. No significant difference was observed in the frequencies of the DI*A, DI*B and DO*HY, comparing the self-declared White (branco) donors with those who are Black (preto) and Brown (pardo).

CONCLUSION

Real-time PCR, especially using pooled samples, is a promising strategy to screen rare blood donors. Although both self-reported race/colour and some blood group phenotypes are associated with ancestry, the results point to a greater complexity in the application of self-declared race/colour in the screening of rare donors in admixed populations.

Genotyping of Dombrock and Lutheran blood group systems in blood donors from the southwestern region of the state of Paraná, Southern Brazil

Background

Lutheran and Dombrock are two blood group systems with low immunogenic antigens; they can cause mild-to-moderate transfusion reactions. For both, immunophenotyping is not performed in the pretransfusion routine in Brazil. In addition, the distribution of their antigenic frequencies is an important marker of ethnicity. Thus, the goal of this study was to carry out the genotyping of the LU*01, LU*02, DO*01 and DO*02 alleles of the Lutheran and Dombrock blood group systems in blood donors from the southwestern region of the state of Paraná, Southern Brazil.

Method

Genotyping was performed for 251 blood donors by specific allele-polymerase chain reaction. The genotype and allele frequencies were obtained through direct counting and compared with other Brazilian populations using the chi-square test with Yates correction.

Results

The distribution of genotype frequencies for LU were 0.4% for LU*01/LU*01, 6.8% for LU*01/LU*02 and 92.8% for LU*02/LU*02 and for DO, they were 19.9% for DO*01/DO*01, 44.6% for DO*01/DO*02 and 35.5% for DO*02/DO*02. The allele and genotype frequencies of LU and DO were similar to those expected for Caucasians, but the DO*01/DO*01 genotype frequency was different to other Brazilian populations. The rare LU*01/LU*01 genotype was found in a loyal blood donor.

Conclusion

The genotyping techniques allowed the evaluation of the LU*01, LU*02, DO*01 and DO*02 alleles in blood donors registered in the Hemotherapy Center of the southwestern region of Paraná, Southern Brazil, and contributed to a genotyped blood donor database.