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Vareldzis R, Perez A, Reisin E. Hyperuricemia: An Intriguing Connection to Metabolic Syndrome, Diabetes, Kidney Disease, and Hypertension. Curr Hypertens Rep 2024; 26:237-245. [PMID: 38270791 DOI: 10.1007/s11906-024-01295-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF THE REVIEW Our review explores the epidemiology, physiology, and clinical data surrounding the connection between hyperuricemia and metabolic syndrome, chronic kidney disease, and hypertension. RECENT FINDINGS Compelling physiologic mechanisms have been proposed to explain a causal relationship between hyperuricemia and metabolic syndrome, chronic kidney disease, and hypertension but clinical studies have given mixed results in terms of whether intervening with hyperuricemia using urate-lowering therapy has any beneficial effects for patients with these conditions. Despite the large amount of research already put into this topic, more randomized placebo-controlled trials are needed to more firmly establish whether a cause-effect relationship exists and whether lowering uric acid levels in patients with these conditions is beneficial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramzi Vareldzis
- Section of Nephrology and Hypertension, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Annalisa Perez
- Section of Nephrology and Hypertension, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Efrain Reisin
- Section of Nephrology and Hypertension, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, New Orleans, LA, USA.
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Zi X, Zhang X, Hao C, Wang Z. Risk factors and management of hyperuricemia after renal transplantation. Front Surg 2023; 9:956213. [PMID: 36760666 PMCID: PMC9904410 DOI: 10.3389/fsurg.2022.956213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyperuricemia (HUA) is a common complication after renal transplantation. Currently, there is no uniform consensus on factors which increase the risk for and treatment of HUA in renal transplant recipients. The purpose of this review is to summarize current and proposed risk factors and strategies to manage HUA after renal transplantation in order to assist renal function protection and prolong graft survival time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Zi
- Department of Rheumatology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xi Zhang
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Chuan Hao
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China,Correspondence: Chuan Hao Zhenxing Wang
| | - Zhenxing Wang
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China,Correspondence: Chuan Hao Zhenxing Wang
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Rashid I, Katravath P, Tiwari P, D’Cruz S, Jaswal S, Sahu G. Hyperuricemia—a serious complication among patients with chronic kidney disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. EXPLORATION OF MEDICINE 2022. [DOI: 10.37349/emed.2022.00089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Hyperuricemia as a putative risk factor for chronic kidney disease (CKD) progression remains controversial and debatable. This systematic review aims to explore the prevalence of hyperuricemia among CKD patients worldwide.
Methods: This study was conducted in accordance with the Meta-analysis Of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (MOOSE) guidelines by using the existing literature from online databases such as MEDLINE/PubMed, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, Cochrane library and grey literature. The effect size with corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI) was calculated to assess the pooled prevalence of hyperuricemia in chronic kidney patients. The subgroup analysis based on gender and geography was also carried out by utilizing comprehensive meta-analysis, version 2.0.
Results: Twenty-three studies containing 212,740 participants were eligible for quantitative synthesis. The pooled prevalence of 43.6% (35.2–52.4%) hyperuricemia was reported in patients with CKD globally. In India, 38.4% of prevalence was observed. The gender specific prevalence (9 studies) was reported as 67.4% (60.9–73.3%) in case of male patients and 32.6% (26.7–39.1%) in female patients with 95% CI.
Conclusions: The prevalence of hyperuricemia was reported to be reasonably high among CKD patients worldwide. During the management of CKD, this high prevalence demands more prudent attention for this clinical complication which possibly can lead to positive renal outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishfaq Rashid
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, S.A.S. Nagar, Punjab 160062, India
| | - Pooja Katravath
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, S.A.S. Nagar, Punjab 160062, India
| | - Pramil Tiwari
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, S.A.S. Nagar, Punjab 160062, India
| | - Sanjay D’Cruz
- Department of General Medicine, Government Medical College and Hospital, Chandigarh 160030, India
| | - Shivani Jaswal
- Department of Biochemistry, Government Medical College and Hospital, Chandigarh 160030, India
| | - Gautam Sahu
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, S.A.S. Nagar, Punjab 160062, India
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Predictors of Hyperuricemia after Kidney Transplantation: Association with Graft Function. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 56:medicina56030095. [PMID: 32106421 PMCID: PMC7143203 DOI: 10.3390/medicina56030095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Background and objectives: In kidney transplant recipients (KTR), hyperuricemia (HU) is a commonly-observed phenomenon, due to calcineurin inhibitors and reduced kidney graft function. Factors predicting HU, and its association with graft function, remains equivocal. Materials and Methods: We conducted a retrospective longitudinal study to assess factors associated with HU in KTR, and to determine risk factors associated with graft function, measured as glomerular filtration rate (GFR). Moreover, GFR > 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 was considered normal. HU was defined as a serum uric acid level of > 416 μmol/L (4.70 mg/dL) in men and >357 μmol/L (4.04 mg/dL) in women, or xanthine-oxidase inhibitor use. We built multiple logistic regression models to assess predictors of HU in KTR, as well as the association of demographic, clinical, and biochemical parameters of patients with normal GFR after a three-year follow-up. We investigated the effect modification of this association with HU. Results: There were 144 patients (mean age 46.6 ± 13.9), with 42.4% of them having HU. Predictors of HU in KTR were the presence of cystic diseases (OR = 9.68 (3.13; 29.9)), the use of diuretics (OR = 4.23 (1.51; 11.9)), and the male gender (OR = 2.45 (1.07; 5.56)). Being a younger age, of female gender, with a normal BMI, and the absence of diuretic medications increased the possibility of normal GFR. HU was the effect modifier of the association between demographic, clinical, and biochemical factors and a normal GFR. Conclusions: Factors associated with HU in KTR: Presence of cystic diseases, diuretic use, and male gender. HU was the effect modifier of the association of demographic, clinical, and biochemical factors to GFR.
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Klawitter J, Klawitter J, Pennington A, Kirkpatrick B, Roda G, Kotecha NC, Thurman JM, Christians U. Cyclophilin D knockout protects the mouse kidney against cyclosporin A-induced oxidative stress. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2019; 317:F683-F694. [PMID: 31188033 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00417.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress have been implicated in cyclosporin A (CsA)-induced nephrotoxicity. CsA interacts with cyclophilin D (CypD), an essential component of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore and regulator of cell death processes. Controversial reports have suggested that CypD deletion may or may not protect cells against oxidative stress-induced cell death. In the present study, we treated wild-type (WT) mice and mice lacking CypD [peptidylprolyl isomerase F knockout (Ppif-/-) mice] with CsA to test the role and contribution of CypD to the widely described CsA-induced renal toxicity and oxidative stress. Our results showed an increase in the levels of several known uremic toxins as well as the oxidative stress markers PGF2α and 8-isoprostane in CsA-treated WT animals but not in Ppif-/- animals. Similarly, a decline in S-adenosylmethionine and the resulting methylation potential indicative of DNA hypomethylation were observed only in CsA-treated WT mice. This confirms previous reports of the protective effects of CypD deletion on the mouse kidney mediated through a stronger resistance of these animals to oxidative stress and DNA methylation damage. However, a negative effect of CsA on the glycolysis and overall energy metabolism in Ppif-/- mice also indicated that additional, CypD-parallel pathways are involved in the toxic effects of CsA on the kidney. In summary, CsA-mediated induction of oxidative stress is associated with CypD, with CypD deletion providing a protective effect, whereas the reduction of energy production observed upon CsA exposure did not depend on the animals' CypD status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Klawitter
- Clinical Research and Development, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Jost Klawitter
- Clinical Research and Development, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Alexander Pennington
- Clinical Research and Development, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Bruce Kirkpatrick
- Clinical Research and Development, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Galen Roda
- Clinical Research and Development, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Nidhi C Kotecha
- Clinical Research and Development, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Joshua M Thurman
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Uwe Christians
- Clinical Research and Development, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado
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Li Y, Liu M, Zhang X, Lu Y, Meng J. Switching from allopurinol to febuxostat: efficacy and safety in the treatment of hyperuricemia in renal transplant recipients. Ren Fail 2019; 41:595-599. [PMID: 31267805 PMCID: PMC6610515 DOI: 10.1080/0886022x.2019.1632717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of febuxostat in renal transplant recipients who were previously treated with allopurinol (the daily oral dose is 100 mg). A 6-month cohort study was conducted with 46 renal transplant recipients who had hyperuricemia. In 22 patients, treatment was changed from allopurinol to febuxostat (febuxostat was given at an oral dose of 20 mg once a day), and the other 24 patients continued the allopurinol treatment (the daily oral dose is 100 mg). The serum levels of uric acid (UA), creatinine, other biochemical parameters, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), and adverse events were measured at baseline as well as at 1, 3, and 6 months after the switch to febuxostat. Serum UA levels significantly decreased from 470.82 ± 34.37 to 378.77 ± 51.97 μmol/L in the febuxostat group, and decreased from 469.46 ± 33.47 to 428.21 ± 23.37 μmol/L in the allopurinol group. The eGFR increased from 75.55 to 85.23 mL/min in the febuxostat group, and decreased from 78.79 to 70.31 mL/min in the allopurinol group. In renal transplant recipients, febuxostat reduced the serum UA levels resulting in minor short-term improvement of renal function with no changes in the other biochemical parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanchun Li
- a Department of Nephrology , Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University , Beijing , PR China
| | - Min Liu
- b Department of Rheumatology and Immunology , Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University , Beijing , PR China
| | - Xuelei Zhang
- b Department of Rheumatology and Immunology , Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University , Beijing , PR China
| | - Yuewu Lu
- b Department of Rheumatology and Immunology , Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University , Beijing , PR China
| | - Juan Meng
- b Department of Rheumatology and Immunology , Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University , Beijing , PR China
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Eleftheriadis T, Pissas G, Sounidaki M, Antoniadi G, Antoniadis N, Liakopoulos V, Stefanidis I. Uric acid increases cellular and humoral alloimmunity in primary human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Nephrology (Carlton) 2018; 23:610-615. [DOI: 10.1111/nep.13069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2017] [Revised: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Georgios Pissas
- Department of Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine; University of Thessaly; Larissa Greece
| | - Maria Sounidaki
- Department of Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine; University of Thessaly; Larissa Greece
| | - Georgia Antoniadi
- Department of Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine; University of Thessaly; Larissa Greece
| | - Nikolaos Antoniadis
- Organ Transplant Unit, Hippokration General Hospital; Aristotle University of Thessaloniki; Thessaloniki Greece
| | - Vassilios Liakopoulos
- Department of Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine; University of Thessaly; Larissa Greece
| | - Ioannis Stefanidis
- Department of Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine; University of Thessaly; Larissa Greece
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Han M, Lee JP, Park S, Kim Y, Kim YC, Ahn C, Han DJ, Ha J, Jung IM, Lim CS, Kim YS, Kim YH, Oh YK. Early onset hyperuricemia is a prognostic marker for kidney graft failure: Propensity score matching analysis in a Korean multicenter cohort. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0176786. [PMID: 28467476 PMCID: PMC5415138 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0176786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 04/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
It remains inconclusive whether hyperuricemia is a true risk factor for kidney graft failure. In the current study, we investigated the association of hyperuricemia and graft outcome. We performed a multi-center cohort study that included 2620 kidney transplant recipients. The patients were classified as either normouricemic or hyperuricemic at 3 months after transplantation. Hyperuricemia was defined as a serum uric acid level ≥ 7.0 mg/dL in males or ≥ 6.0 mg/dL in females or based on the use of urate-lowering medications. The two groups were compared before and after propensity score matching. A total of 657 (25.1%) patients were classified as hyperuricemic. The proportion of hyperuricemic patients increased over time, reaching 44.2% of the total cohort at 5 years after transplantation. Estimated glomerular filtration rate and donor type were independently associated with hyperuricemia. Hyperuricemia was associated with graft loss according to multiple Cox regression analysis before propensity score matching (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.56, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.14-2.13, P = 0.005) as well as after matching (HR = 1.65, 95% CI = 1.13-2.42, p = 0.010). Cox regression models using time-varying hyperuricemia or marginal structural models adjusted with time-varying eGFR also demonstrated significant hazards of hyperuricemia for graft loss. Cardiovascular events and recipient survival were not associated with hyperuricemia. Overall, hyperuricemia, especially early onset after transplantation, showed an increased risk for graft failure. Further studies are warranted to determine whether lowering serum uric acid levels would be beneficial to graft survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miyeun Han
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung Pyo Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seokwoo Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yunmi Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yong Chul Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Curie Ahn
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Duck Jong Han
- Department of Surgery, Asan Medical Center and University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jongwon Ha
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - In Mok Jung
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chun Soo Lim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yon Su Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Hoon Kim
- Department of Surgery, Asan Medical Center and University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yun Kyu Oh
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
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Eyupoglu S, Eyupoglu D, Kendi-Celebi Z, Akturk S, Tuzuner A, Keven K, Sengul S. Risk Factors of Hyperuricemia After Renal Transplantation and Its Long-term Effects on Graft Functions. Transplant Proc 2017; 49:505-508. [DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2017.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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10
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Weng SC, Tarng DC, Chen YC, Wu MJ. Febuxostat is superior to traditional urate-lowering agents in reducing the progression of kidney function in chronic kidney disease patients. COGENT MEDICINE 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/2331205x.2016.1213215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Shuo-Chun Weng
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, No.1650, Sec. 4, Taiwan Boulevard, Xitun Dist., Taichung City 40705, Taiwan (R.O.C.)
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, No.1650, Sec. 4, Taiwan Boulevard, Xitun Dist., Taichung City 40705, Taiwan (R.O.C.)
| | - Der-Cherng Tarng
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department and Institute of Physiology and Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chi Chen
- School of Nursing, Institute of Clinical Nursing, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Ju Wu
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, No.1650, Sec. 4, Taiwan Boulevard, Xitun Dist., Taichung City 40705, Taiwan (R.O.C.)
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Kulah E. Pretransplant uric acid levels may be predictive for prognosis of renal transplant donors. Ren Fail 2016; 38:487-92. [PMID: 26888379 DOI: 10.3109/0886022x.2016.1144208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The living kidney donor counseling prior to the operation may be helpful to learn how to properly care for the remaining single kidney for the rest of their lives. Worsening kidney function is associated with elevated serum uric acid (UA) levels. In this study, we compared the baseline laboratory findings of renal transplant donors with their follow-up laboratory values. METHODS The study consisted of 173 adult donors including 91 females and 82 males with a mean age of 46.82 ± 11.31 years. The follow-up clinical and laboratory examinations were performed on the third day at the end of the first and the sixth months of the surgery. According to donor's creatinine levels we constituted two groups: high creatinine and normal creatinine. RESULTS Patients within the high creatinine group had significantly higher mean serum UA levels when compared with the normal creatinine group. In multivariate analysis, among the other effective variables, UA level alone was found to be the most effective parameter predicting the post-transplant creatinine levels (p = 0.004, odds ratio: 12.4, 95% CI: 2.3-68.3) at sixth month post-transplantation. In the ROC analysis for the effects of UA, the following cutoff values were found: >6 mg/dL in men (sensitivity 81.3%, specificity 76.9%, positive predictive value 89.7%, negative predictive value 62.5%, accuracy 80%) and ≥5 mg/dL in women (sensitivity 72.2, specificity 74.4%, positive predictive value 89.7%, negative predictive value 62.5%, accuracy: 73.7%). CONCLUSION Pretransplant serum UA levels can give important clues regarding the renal functions of the donors during the postoperative period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eyup Kulah
- a Department of Nephrology , Baskent University School of Medicine , Istanbul , Turkey
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12
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Erkmen Uyar M, Sezer S, Bal Z, Guliyev O, Tutal E, Kulah E, Genctoy G, Ozdemir Acar N, Haberal M. Post-transplant Hyperuricemıa as a Cardıovascular Risk Factor. Transplant Proc 2016; 47:1146-51. [PMID: 26036541 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2015.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2014] [Revised: 02/15/2015] [Accepted: 03/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Uric acid is known to impair endothelial cell function and to stimulate the development of renal interstitial fibrosis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between first-year hyperuricemia with graft dysfunction and the development of cardiovascular risk disorders in renal transplant recipients. METHODS One hundred kidney transplant recipients (31 female, 45.9 ± 9.6 post-transplantation months) with normal graft functions were enrolled. The clinical biochemical parameters in the first post-transplantation year were retrospectively recorded and searched for the predictive value in yearly determined graft function and association with cross-sectionally analyzed cardiovascular parameters, including body composition analyses, ambulatory blood pressure monitoring data, and pulse wave velocity. Hyperuricemia was defined as an uric acid level of ≥ 6.5 mg/dL that persisted for at least 2 consecutive tests. RESULTS One year after transplantation, 37% of subjects had hyperuricemia. According to cross-sectional data, sagittal abdominal diameter (P = .002) and hip circumferences (P = .013) were significantly higher in hyperuricemic patients than in normouricemic ones. Hyperuricemic patients had higher fat (P = .014) and muscle mass (P = .016) than normouremic patients. Hyperuricemic patients had significantly higher mean systolic BP (P = .044) than normouremic patients. Hyperuricemic patients had significantly higher pulse wave velocity levels (P = .0001) and left ventricular mass index (P = .044) than normouremic patients. The yearly decline in estimated glomerular filtration rate levels was significantly higher in hyperuricemic patients (P = .0001) than in normouricemic ones. CONCLUSION Post-transplantation hyperuricemia is associated with hypertension, arterial stiffness, and dyslipidemia; it should be accepted not only as a marker for renal allograft dysfunction but also as a cardiovascular risk factor in renal transplant recipients.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Erkmen Uyar
- Department of Nephrology, Baskent University, Antalya, Turkey.
| | - S Sezer
- Department of Nephrology, Baskent University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Z Bal
- Department of Nephrology, Baskent University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - O Guliyev
- Department of Nephrology, Baskent University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - E Tutal
- Department of Nephrology, Baskent University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - E Kulah
- Department of Nephrology, Baskent University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - G Genctoy
- Department of Nephrology, Baskent University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - N Ozdemir Acar
- Department of Nephrology, Baskent University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - M Haberal
- Department of General Surgery, Baskent University, Ankara, Turkey
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Bellomo G. Asymptomatic hyperuricemia following renal transplantation. World J Nephrol 2015; 4:324-329. [PMID: 26167455 PMCID: PMC4491922 DOI: 10.5527/wjn.v4.i3.324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2015] [Revised: 03/19/2015] [Accepted: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Evidence is accumulating indicating a role for uric acid in the genesis and progression of kidney disease, and a few studies are beginning to show a possible beneficial effect of urate-lowering therapy. Whether this holds true for renal allograft recipients is not clear. In this short review evidence from epidemiological as well as intervention studies is summarized and discussed, with some practical considerations presented at the end.
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EXP CLIN TRANSPLANTExp Clin Transplant 2015; 13. [DOI: 10.6002/ect.mesot2014.p49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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15
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Weng SC, Shu KH, Tarng DC, Cheng CH, Chen CH, Yu TM, Chuang YW, Huang ST, Wu MJ. Uric acid is highly associated with kidney allograft survival in a time-varying analysis. Transplant Proc 2014; 46:505-10. [PMID: 24656000 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2013.09.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2013] [Accepted: 09/20/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hyperuricemia may be associated with the development of new cardiovascular events and graft loss in renal transplant recipients. This study was conducted to clarify whether hyperuricemia is a persistently independent predictor of long-term graft survival and patient outcome. METHODS Renal allograft recipients (n = 880) who underwent transplantation from December 1999 to March 2013 were included. Participants were divided into 2 groups: a hyperuricemic group (n = 389) and a normouricemic group (n = 491). The mean serum uric acid (UA) level was obtained by averaging all measurements, once per month for 3 months, before the study began. Clinical and laboratory data were collected. We investigated the role of hyperuricemia in the primary endpoint of graft failure by using time-varying analysis and Kaplan-Meier plots. All-cause mortality in renal transplant recipients was also surveyed. RESULTS During a mean follow-up of 43.3 ± 26.3 months, the major predisposing factors in the 389 patients with hyperuricemia were male predominance (62.98%), high entry serum UA (7.70; range 6.70-8.80 mg/dL), more hypertension (92.29%), previous hemodialysis mode (29.56%), hepatitis C infection (24.42%), more frequent use of UA-lowering agents (43.44%), and use of more drugs for inducing high serum UA (17.74%). After 12 months, the hyperuricemic group had persistently high serum UA (7.66 ± 2.00 vs 6.17 ± 1.60 mg/dL, P < .001) and poor renal function (serum creatinine 2.96 ± 3.20 vs 1.61 ± 1.96 mg/dL, P < .001) compared with the normouricemic group. Survival analysis showed the hyperuricemic group had poorer graft survival (60.47%) than the normouricemic group (75.82%, P = .0069) after 13-year follow-up. However, there was no difference in all-cause mortality between the 2 groups. CONCLUSION Persistently high serum UA seems to be implicated in elevation of serum creatinine, which could increase the risk for allograft dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- S-C Weng
- Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - K-H Shu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - D-C Tarng
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department and Institute of Physiology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine and Immunology Research Center, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi-H Cheng
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Biotechnology, Hung Kuang University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-H Chen
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - T-M Yu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Y-W Chuang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - S-T Huang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - M-J Wu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
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Weng SC, Shu KH, Wu MJ, Cheng CH, Chen CH, Yu TM, Chuang YW, Huang ST, Tarng DC. Hyperuricemia predicts kidney disease progression after acute allograft dysfunction. Transplant Proc 2014; 46:499-504. [PMID: 24655999 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2013.09.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2013] [Accepted: 09/20/2013] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hyperuricemia is associated with the development of new cardiovascular events and chronic allograft nephropathy in patients with decreased allograft function. This study investigates whether hyperuricemia in kidney transplant recipients should be considered as an independent predictor of kidney disease progression after acute allograft dysfunction. METHODS Between September 1, 2010, and December 31, 2012, 124 patients who underwent kidney graft biopsy for acute allograft dysfunction were enrolled. Participants were divided into 2 groups: A hyperuricemic group (n = 57) and a normouricemic group (n = 67). The mean serum uric acid (UA) level was obtained by averaging all measurements, once per month for 3 months, before the study began. Clinical and laboratory data were collected. We investigated the role of hyperuricemia on the composite end point (CEP) of doubling of serum creatinine and graft failure by using Cox regression and Kaplan-Meier plots. RESULTS Over a mean follow-up of 14.27 months, the hyperuricemic group had a poor cumulative survival and easily reached the CEP of doubling of serum creatinine and graft failure (P = .025) with a first-year cumulative incidence of 29.84% and a second-year cumulative incidence of 35.09%. Cox regression models revealed that age at biopsy (unadjusted hazard ratio [HR], 1.03; 95% CI, 1.00-1.06), hyperuricemia (HR, 2.24; 95% CI, 1.13-4.46), and interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy (IF/TA), including <25% of parenchyma affected (HR, 3.71; 95% CI, 1.34-10.31) and ≥ 25% of parenchyma affected (HR, 5.10; 95% CI, 1.83-14.19), were highly associated with poor outcome. After adjusting different variables, hyperuricemia and IF/TA were still significant. CONCLUSION Persistently high serum UA and IF/TA both contribute to the risk of kidney disease progression after acute allograft dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- S-C Weng
- Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung; Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung
| | - K-H Shu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung; School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung
| | - M-J Wu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung; Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei; School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung; School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung
| | - C-H Cheng
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung; School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung; School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung; Department of Biotechnology, Hung Kuang University, Taichung
| | - C-H Chen
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung
| | - T-M Yu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung
| | - Y-W Chuang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung
| | - S-T Huang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung
| | - D-C Tarng
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei; Department and Institute of Physiology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei; Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, and Immunology Research Center, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
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EXP CLIN TRANSPLANTExp Clin Transplant 2014; 12. [DOI: 10.6002/ect.2013.0254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Annaloro C, Airaghi L, Saporiti G, Onida F, Cortelezzi A, Deliliers GL. Metabolic syndrome in patients with hematological diseases. Expert Rev Hematol 2014; 5:439-58. [DOI: 10.1586/ehm.12.35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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The association between serum uric acid levels at 3 months after renal transplantation and the graft outcome in living donor renal transplantation. Transplant Proc 2013; 45:1548-52. [PMID: 23726617 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2012.10.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2012] [Revised: 09/12/2012] [Accepted: 10/09/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hyperuricemia is a common complication in renal transplant recipients in the era of cyclosporine-based immunosuppression. The evidence regarding the impact of hyperuricemia on allograft survival is controversial. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between serum uric acid levels and renal allograft outcomes. MATERIALS AND METHODS Between April 1991 and May 2011, adult renal transplants recipients were assessed retrospectively comparing serum creatinine levels at 3, 12, and 36 months, acute rejection rates, and long-term allograft survivals among normouricemic versus hyperuricemic (>7 mg/dL) patients at 3 months after renal transplantation. RESULTS Of 378 patients, 152 (40.21%) showed hyperuricemia and 226 (59.79%) showed normouricemia. Mean serum creatinine levels were 1.48 ± 0.38, 1.72 ± 2.68 and 1.64 ± 1.24 mg/dL at 3, 12, and 36 months after renal transplantation, respectively. Serum uric acid levels correlated negatively with serum creatinine levels at 12 months (P = .028). Graft survival rates at 10 years after renal transplantation were 88.6% among the normouricemic versus 78.8% among the hyperuricemic patients (P = .040). CONCLUSIONS High serum uric acid levels measured at 3 months after renal transplantation were associated with poorer long-term graft function.
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Einollahi B, Einollahi H, Nafar M, Rostami Z. Prevalence and risk factors of hyperuricemia among kidney transplant recipients. Indian J Nephrol 2013; 23:201-5. [PMID: 23814419 PMCID: PMC3692146 DOI: 10.4103/0971-4065.111849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperuricemia is common in renal transplant patients (RTRs), especially those on cyclosporine (CsA)-based therapy. We conducted a retrospective study to determine the prevalence of hyperuricemia and its risk factors among RTRs. A total of 17,686 blood samples were obtained from 4,217 RTRs between April 2008 and January 2011. Hyperuricemia was defined as an uric acid level of ≥7.0 mg/dl in men and of ≥6 mg/dl in women that persisted for at least two consecutive tests. Majority (68.2%) of RTRs were normouricemic. Hyperuricemia was more frequent in younger and female RTRs. On multivariate logistic regression, we found high trough level of cyclosporine to be a risk factor for hyperuricemia. In addition, female gender, impaired renal function, and dyslipidemia (hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia, and elevated LDL) were also associated with higher probability of hyperuricemia. Hyperuricemia is a common complication after renal transplantation. Risk factors implicated in post-transplant hyperuricemia include high trough level of cyclosporine, female gender, renal allograft dysfunction, and dyslipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Einollahi
- Nephrology and Urology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, I.R. Iran
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Uric Acid Levels Correlate with Baseline Renal Function and High Levels are a Potent Risk Factor for Postoperative Chronic Kidney Disease in Patients with Renal Cell Carcinoma. J Urol 2013; 189:1249-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.juro.2012.11.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2012] [Accepted: 11/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Einollahi B, Einollahi H, Rostami Z. Hyperuricemia beyond 1 year after kidney transplantation in pediatric patients: Prevalence and risk factors. Indian J Nephrol 2012; 22:280-4. [PMID: 23162272 PMCID: PMC3495350 DOI: 10.4103/0971-4065.101248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperuricemia is frequent among adult renal transplant recipients; however, data among pediatric kidney recipients are scarce. This study is designed to estimate the prevalence and risk factors of late post-transplant hyperuricemia in pediatric recipients. A retrospective observational multicenter study on 179 pediatric renal recipients (5–18 years) was conducted between April 2008 and January 2011 from five kidney transplant centers of Tehran, Iran. All recipients were followed up for more than 1 year (5.9 ±3.3 years) after transplantation. A total of 17686 blood samples were obtained for serum uric acid (SUA). The normal range of SUA was defined as SUA 1.86–5.93 mg/dl for children between 2 and 15 years in both genders; 2.40–5.70 mg/dl for girls aged >15 years; 3.40–7.0 mg/dl for boys aged >15 and more than 6 and 7 mg/dl in boys and girls older than 15 years old. The median age of the children was 13 years. Male recipients were more popular than female (male/female 59/41%). Hyperuricemia was detected in 50.2% of patients. Mean SUA concentration was 5.9±1.7 mg/dl and mean SUA concentration in hyperuricemic patients was 7.7±1.2 mg/dl. While at multivariate logistic regression elevated serum creatinine concentration (P<0.001) and the time span after renal transplantation (P=0.02) had impact on late post-transplant hyperuricemia. High cyclosporine level (C0 and C2) was not risk factor for huperuricemia. Late post-transplant hyperuricemia was found in about half of pediatric renal recipients, and was associated with impaired renal allograft function.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Einollahi
- Departments of Nephrology and Urology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Gungor O, Tanrisev M, Kircelli F, Turan MN, Tugmen C, Tatar E, Toz H. The effects of mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitors on serum uric acid levels in renal transplant patients. Int Urol Nephrol 2012; 45:547-52. [PMID: 22752451 DOI: 10.1007/s11255-012-0214-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2012] [Accepted: 05/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUNDS/AIMS Elevated uric acid (UA) levels are frequently observed after renal transplantation. We investigated the consequences of shifting from calcineurin inhibitors (CNI) to mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitors (mTORi) on UA levels and graft functions. METHODS Ninety-six patients were enrolled. Main points of interest were changes in UA and glomerular filtration rate (GFR). RESULTS Mean age of the whole population was 39 ± 11 years (18-73), and 64.2 % were male. Patients were stratified into two groups according to their CNI type prior to the switch as cyclosporin A (CsA) or tacrolimus (Tac). Patients that were switched from CsA had a mean GFR of 49 ± 18 ml/min and serum UA level of 7.4 ± 1.8 mg/dl at the pre-switch period. Mean GFR increased to 53 ± 22 ml/min (p = 0.03), and UA levels decreased to 6.2 ± 1.6 mg/dl at the final visit (p < 0.001). In the Tac group, pre-switch mean GFR was 59 ± 28 ml/min and serum UA level 6.6 ± 2.6 mg/dl. In this group, mean GFR increased to 63 ± 28 ml/min (p = 0.03) and UA levels decreased to 6.2 ± 2.1 at the last visit (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION Switch from CNI to mTORi-based regimen provides better control of UA levels and improves renal functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozkan Gungor
- Division of Nephrology, Ege University, School of Medicine, 35100 Bornova, Izmir, Turkey.
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Current World Literature. Curr Opin Rheumatol 2012; 24:237-44. [DOI: 10.1097/bor.0b013e3283513e33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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