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Sreenivasan K, Bayram E, Zhuang X, Longhurst J, Yang Z, Cordes D, Ritter A, Caldwell J, Cummings JL, Mari Z, Litvan I, Bluett B, Mishra VR. Topological reorganization of functional hubs in patients with Parkinson's disease with freezing of gait. J Neuroimaging 2023; 33:547-557. [PMID: 37080778 PMCID: PMC10523899 DOI: 10.1111/jon.13107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Resting-state functional MRI (rs-fMRI) studies in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients with freezing of gait (FOG) have implicated dysfunctional connectivity over multiple resting-state networks (RSNs). While these findings provided network-specific insights and information related to the aberrant or altered regional functional connectivity (FC), whether these alterations have any effect on topological reorganization in PD-FOG patients is incompletely understood. Understanding the higher order functional organization, which could be derived from the "hub" and the "rich-club" organization of the functional networks, could be crucial to identifying the distinct and unique pattern of the network connectivity associated with PD-FOG. METHODS In this study, we use rs-fMRI data and graph theoretical approaches to explore the reorganization of RSN topology in PD-FOG when compared to those without FOG. We also compared the higher order functional organization derived using the hub and rich-club measures in the FC networks of these PD-FOG patients to understand whether there is a topological reorganization of these hubs in PD-FOG. RESULTS We found that the PD-FOG patients showed a noticeable reorganization of hub regions. Regions that are part of the prefrontal cortex, primary somatosensory, motor, and visuomotor coordination areas were some of the regions exhibiting altered hub measures in PD-FOG patients. We also found a significantly altered feeder and local connectivity in PD-FOG. CONCLUSIONS Overall, our findings demonstrate a widespread topological reorganization and disrupted higher order functional network topology in PD-FOG that may further assist in improving our understanding of functional network disturbances associated with PD-FOG.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ece Bayram
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Xiaowei Zhuang
- Cleveland Clinic Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA
| | - Jason Longhurst
- Department of Physical Therapy and Athletic Training, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Zhengshi Yang
- Cleveland Clinic Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA
| | - Dietmar Cordes
- Cleveland Clinic Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA
- Department of Radiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Aaron Ritter
- Cleveland Clinic Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA
| | - Jessica Caldwell
- Cleveland Clinic Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA
| | - Jeffrey L. Cummings
- Chambers-Grundy Center for Transformative Neuroscience, Department of Brain Health, School of Integrated Health Sciences, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA
| | - Zoltan Mari
- Cleveland Clinic Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA
| | - Irene Litvan
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Brent Bluett
- Central California Movement Disorders, Pismo Beach, California, USA
| | - Virendra R. Mishra
- Cleveland Clinic Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA
- Department of Radiology, Heersink School of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
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Bosch TJ, Cole RC, Bezchlibnyk Y, Flouty O, Singh A. Effects of Very Low- and High-Frequency Subthalamic Stimulation on Motor Cortical Oscillations During Rhythmic Lower-Limb Movements in Parkinson's Disease Patients. JOURNAL OF PARKINSON'S DISEASE 2023:JPD225113. [PMID: 37092236 DOI: 10.3233/jpd-225113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Standard high-frequency deep brain stimulation (HF-DBS) at the subthalamic nucleus (STN) is less effective for lower-limb motor dysfunctions in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients. However, the effects of very low frequency (VLF; 4 Hz)-DBS on lower-limb movement and motor cortical oscillations have not been compared. OBJECTIVE To compare the effects of VLF-DBS and HF-DBS at the STN on a lower-limb pedaling motor task and motor cortical oscillations in patients with PD and with and without freezing of gait (FOG). METHODS Thirteen PD patients with bilateral STN-DBS performed a cue-triggered lower-limb pedaling motor task with electroencephalography (EEG) in OFF-DBS, VLF-DBS (4 Hz), and HF-DBS (120-175 Hz) states. We performed spectral analysis on the preparatory signals and compared GO-cue-triggered theta and movement-related beta oscillations over motor cortical regions across DBS conditions in PD patients and subgroups (PDFOG-and PDFOG+). RESULTS Both VLF-DBS and HF-DBS decreased the linear speed of the pedaling task in PD, and HF-DBS decreased speed in both PDFOG-and PDFOG+. Preparatory theta and beta activities were increased with both stimulation frequencies. Both DBS frequencies increased motor cortical theta activity during pedaling movement in PD patients, but this increase was only observed in PDFOG + group. Beta activity was not significantly different from OFF-DBS at either frequency regardless of FOG status. CONCLUSION Results suggest that VL and HF DBS may induce similar effects on lower-limb kinematics by impairing movement speed and modulating motor cortical oscillations in the lower frequency band.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor J Bosch
- Center for Brain and Behavior Research, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD, USA
- Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD, USA
| | - Rachel C Cole
- Department of Neurology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Yarema Bezchlibnyk
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Oliver Flouty
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Arun Singh
- Center for Brain and Behavior Research, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD, USA
- Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD, USA
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Onder H, Oguz KK, Has AC, Elibol B. Comparative analysis of freezing of gait in distinct Parkinsonism types by diffusion tensor imaging method and cognitive profiles. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2023; 130:521-535. [PMID: 36881182 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-023-02608-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
Freezing of gait (FOG) is an episodic gait pattern that is common in advanced Parkinson's disease (PD) and other atypical parkinsonism syndromes. Recently, disturbances in the pedunculopontine nucleus (PPN) and its connections have been suggested to play a critical role in the development of FOG. In this study, we aimed to demonstrate possible disturbances in PPN and its connections by performing the diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) technique. We included 18 patients of PD with FOG [PD-FOG], 13 patients of PD without FOG [PD-nFOG] and 12 healthy subjects as well as a group of patients with progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), an atypical parkinsonism syndrome which is very often complicated with FOG [6 PSP-FOG, 5 PSP-nFOG]. To determine the specific cognitive parameters that can be related to FOG, deliberate neurophysiological evaluations of all the individuals were performed. The comparative analyses and correlation analyses were performed to reveal the neurophysiological and DTI correlates of FOG in either group. We have found disturbances in values reflecting microstructural integrity of the bilateral superior frontal gyrus (SFG), bilateral fastigial nucleus (FN), left pre-supplementary motor area (SMA) in the PD-FOG group relative to the PD-nFOG group. The analysis of the PSP group also demonstrated disturbance in left pre-SMA values in the PSP-FOG group likewise, while negative correlations were determined between right STN, left PPN values and FOG scores. In neurophysiological assessments, lower performances for visuospatial functions were demonstrated in FOG ( +) individuals for either patient group. The disturbances in the visuospatial abilities may be a critical step for the occurrence of FOG. Together with the results of DTI analyses, it might be suggested that impairment in the connectivity of disturbed frontal areas with disordered basal ganglia, maybe the key factor for the occurrence of FOG in the PD group, whereas left PPN which is a nondopaminergic nucleus may play a more prominent role in the process of FOG in PSP. Moreover, our results support the relationship between right STN, and FOG as mentioned before, as well as introduce the importance of FN as a new structure that may be involved in FOG pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Halil Onder
- Neurology Clinic, Diskapi Yildirim Beyazit Training and Research Hospital, Şehit Ömer Halisdemir Street. No: 20 Altındag, 06110, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Kader Karli Oguz
- Department of Radiology, Hacettepe University Medical School, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Arzu Ceylan Has
- Institute of Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Bulent Elibol
- Department of Neurology, Hacettepe University Medical School, Ankara, Turkey
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Saricaoglu M, Hanoglu L, Toprak G, Yilmaz NH, Yulug B. The Multifactorial Role of Pre-supplementary Motor Area Stimulation in the Freezing of Gait: An Alternative Strategy to the Classical Drug-Target Approach. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2021; 22:518-524. [PMID: 34649492 DOI: 10.2174/1871530321666211014170107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The pre-supplementary motor area (Pre-SMA) plays a pivotal role in the control of voluntary motor control and freezing of gait (FOG) pathophysiological mechanism. Here, we aimed to modulate if the pre-SMA would have beneficial effects on motor and behavioural outcomes in freezing of gait. To test this hypothesis, we examined the left pre-SMA stimulating effect of repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) on motor, cognitive and behavioural parameters in Parkinson's patients with FOG. METHOD The study included 20 Parkinson's patients with FOG (3 females, 17 males) who received the left Pre-SMA rTMS procedure. The clinical assessments were performed on all patients at the baseline and the patients were re-evaluated under the same clinical conditions one week after the end of the sessions. RESULTS & DISCUSSION We found significant improvements in motor, cognitive and behavioural symptoms (p<0.05). The main finding of our study is that Pre-SMA is an attractive stimulation area leading to critical improvement of symptoms of Parkinson' s patients with FOG. CONCLUSION The high-frequency rTMS stimulation over the left preSMA has a restorative effect on the motor, cognitive and behavioural symptoms of Parkinson' s patients with FOG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mevhibe Saricaoglu
- Program of Electroneurophysiology, Vocational School, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul. Turkey
| | - Lutfu Hanoglu
- Neuroimaging and Neuromodulation Lab, Clinical Electrophysiology, REMER, Istanbul, Medipol University, Istanbul. Turkey
| | - Guven Toprak
- Neuroimaging and Neuromodulation Lab, Clinical Electrophysiology, REMER, Istanbul, Medipol University, Istanbul. Turkey
| | - Nesrin Helvaci Yilmaz
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul. Turkey
| | - Burak Yulug
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Alanya Alaaddin Keykubat University, Alanya/Antalya. Turkey
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Marquez JS, Hasan SMS, Siddiquee MR, Luca CC, Mishra VR, Mari Z, Bai O. Neural Correlates of Freezing of Gait in Parkinson's Disease: An Electrophysiology Mini-Review. Front Neurol 2020; 11:571086. [PMID: 33240199 PMCID: PMC7683766 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.571086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Freezing of gait (FoG) is a disabling symptom characterized as a brief inability to step or by short steps, which occurs when initiating gait or while turning, affecting over half the population with advanced Parkinson's disease (PD). Several non-competing hypotheses have been proposed to explain the pathophysiology and mechanism behind FoG. Yet, due to the complexity of FoG and the lack of a complete understanding of its mechanism, no clear consensus has been reached on the best treatment options. Moreover, most studies that aim to explore neural biomarkers of FoG have been limited to semi-static or imagined paradigms. One of the biggest unmet needs in the field is the identification of reliable biomarkers that can be construed from real walking scenarios to guide better treatments and validate medical and therapeutic interventions. Advances in neural electrophysiology exploration, including EEG and DBS, will allow for pathophysiology research on more real-to-life scenarios for better FoG biomarker identification and validation. The major aim of this review is to highlight the most up-to-date studies that explain the mechanisms underlying FoG through electrophysiology explorations. The latest methodological approaches used in the neurophysiological study of FoG are summarized, and potential future research directions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Sebastian Marquez
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Florida International University, Miami, FL, United States
| | - S. M. Shafiul Hasan
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Florida International University, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Masudur R. Siddiquee
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Florida International University, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Corneliu C. Luca
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami Hospital, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Virendra R. Mishra
- Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health, Cleveland Clinic, Las Vegas, NV, United States
| | - Zoltan Mari
- Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health, Cleveland Clinic, Las Vegas, NV, United States
| | - Ou Bai
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Florida International University, Miami, FL, United States
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Prediction of the Clinical Severity of Progressive Supranuclear Palsy by Diffusion Tensor Imaging. J Clin Med 2019; 9:jcm9010040. [PMID: 31878122 PMCID: PMC7020078 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9010040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Revised: 12/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) is characterized by a rapid and progressive clinical course. A timely and objective image-based evaluation of disease severity before standard clinical assessments might increase the diagnostic confidence of the neurologist. We sought to investigate whether features from diffusion tensor imaging of the entire brain with a machine learning algorithm, rather than a few pathogenically involved regions, may predict the clinical severity of PSP. Fifty-three patients who met the diagnostic criteria for probable PSP were subjected to diffusion tensor imaging. Of them, 15 underwent follow-up imaging. Clinical severity was assessed by the neurological examinations. Mean diffusivity and fractional anisotropy maps were spatially co-registered, normalized, and parcellated into 246 brain regions from the human Brainnetome atlas. The predictors of clinical severity from a stepwise linear regression model were determined after feature reduction by the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator. Performance estimates were obtained using bootstrapping, cross-validation, and through application of the model in the patients who underwent repeated imaging. The algorithm confidently predicts the clinical severity of PSP at the individual level (adjusted R2: 0.739 and 0.892, p < 0.001). The machine learning algorithm for selection of diffusion tensor imaging-based features is accurate in predicting motor subscale of unified Parkinson’s disease rating scale and postural instability and gait disturbance of PSP.
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Cosentino C, Baccini M, Putzolu M, Ristori D, Avanzino L, Pelosin E. Effectiveness of Physiotherapy on Freezing of Gait in Parkinson's Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analyses. Mov Disord 2019; 35:523-536. [DOI: 10.1002/mds.27936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Carola Cosentino
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics and Maternal Child Health University of Genova Genova Italy
| | - Marco Baccini
- Motion Analysis Laboratory, Unit of Functional Rehabilitation Azienda Sanitaria di Firenze Florence Italy
| | - Martina Putzolu
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics and Maternal Child Health University of Genova Genova Italy
| | - Diego Ristori
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics and Maternal Child Health University of Genova Genova Italy
| | - Laura Avanzino
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Human Physiology University of Genoa Genoa Italy
- Ospedale Policlinico San Martino‐IRCCS Genoa Italy
| | - Elisa Pelosin
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics and Maternal Child Health University of Genova Genova Italy
- Ospedale Policlinico San Martino‐IRCCS Genoa Italy
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Lee YY, Tai CH, Fisher BE. Context-Dependent Behavior in Parkinson’s Disease With Freezing of Gait. Neurorehabil Neural Repair 2019; 33:1040-1049. [DOI: 10.1177/1545968319883878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Background. Context-dependent behavior is a phenomenon in which people demonstrate superior performance in the context where a motor task was originally learned, but show poorer performance in an unfamiliar context. Previous studies found that people with Parkinson’s disease (PD) demonstrated greater context-dependency than nondisabled adults. Moreover, the frontostriatal circuit appeared to play a role in mediating context-dependent behavior. Neuroimaging studies showed that people with PD and freezing of gait (FoG) had difficulty recruiting the frontostriatal circuit when performing a set-shifting task, known to be mediated by this neural network. Objective. This study aimed to investigate whether individuals with PD and FoG (PD + FoG) would be more context-dependent than those without FoG (PD − FoG). Furthermore, the association between context-dependent behavior and set-shifting ability would be determined. Methods. Sixteen individuals with PD + FoG, 15 participants with PD − FoG, and 15 nondisabled adults (Control) were recruited. The participants practiced 3 numerical sequences, each associated with a specific context. One day following practice, the participants were tested under 2 conditions: the sequence-context associations remained the same as practice or were changed. Set-shifting ability was measured by the Trail Making Test (TMT). Results. Compared to the PD − FoG group, the PD + FoG group showed a greater decrement in normalized motor performance when the sequence-context associations were changed. Context-dependency correlated with the TMT in the PD − FoG group but not in the PD + FoG or Control groups. Conclusion. While people with PD + FoG appeared to be more context-dependent than individuals without FoG, a relationship between context-dependent behavior and set-shifting existed only in those without FoG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Yun Lee
- National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Abstract
Parkinson disease (PD) is a progressive, incurable disease caused by dopamine deficiency. This article provides an overview of this neurodegenerative disorder and offers information for optimal outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent M Vacca
- Vincent M. Vacca Jr. is an associate lecturer and clinical instructor at the University of Massachusetts in Boston, Mass
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