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Monitoring IgG against Mycobacterium tuberculosis proteins in an Asian elephant cured of tuberculosis that developed from long-term latency. Sci Rep 2022; 12:4310. [PMID: 35279668 PMCID: PMC8917326 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-08228-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is fatal in elephants, hence protecting elephants from TB is key not only in the conservation of this endangered animal, but also to prevent TB transmission from elephants to humans. Most human TB cases arise from long-term asymptomatic infections. Significant diagnostic challenges remain in the detection of both infection and disease development from latency in elephants due to their huge bodies. In this study, we assessed cryopreserved sera collected for over 16 years, from the first Japanese treatment case of elephant TB. Semi-quantification of IgG levels to 11 proteins showed high detection levels of 3 proteins, namely ESAT6/CFP10, MPB83 and Ag85B. The level of IgG specific to these 3 antigens was measured longitudinally, revealing high and stable ESAT6/CFP10 IgG levels regardless of onset or treatment. Ag85B-specifc IgG levels were largely responsive to onset or treatment, while those of MPB83 showed intermediate responses. These results suggest that ESAT6/CFP10 is immunodominant in both asymptomatic and symptomatic phases, making it useful in the detection of infection. On the other hand, Ag85B has the potential to be a marker for the prediction of disease onset and in the evaluation of treatment effectiveness in elephants.
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Zhang L, Ma H, Wan S, Zhang Y, Gao M, Liu X. Mycobacterium tuberculosis latency-associated antigen Rv1733c SLP improves the accuracy of differential diagnosis of active tuberculosis and latent tuberculosis infection. Chin Med J (Engl) 2022; 135:63-69. [PMID: 34802023 PMCID: PMC8850866 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000001858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Differential diagnosis of active tuberculosis (ATB) and latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) has been a challenge for clinicians in high TB burden countries. The purpose of this study was to improve the accuracy of differential diagnosis of ATB and LTBI by using fluorescent immunospot (FluoroSpot) assay to detect specific Th1 cell immune responses. The novel mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) latency-associated antigens Rv1733c and synthetic long peptides derived from Rv1733c (Rv1733c SLP) were used based on virulence factors early secreting antigen target-6 (ESAT-6) and culture filtrate protein-10 (CFP-10). METHODS Fifty-seven ATB cases, including 20 pathogen-confirmed ATB and 37 clinically diagnosed ATB, and 36 LTBI cases, were enrolled between January and December 2017. FluoroSpot assay was used to detect the interferon γ (IFN-γ) and interleukin 2 (IL-2) secreted by the specific T cells after being stimulated with MTB virulence factors ESAT-6 and CFP-10, MTB latency-associated antigens Rv1733c and Rv1733c SLP. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to define the best cutoff value of latency-associated antigens in the use of differentiating ATB and LTBI. The sensitivity, specificity, predictive value, and likelihood ratio of ESAT-6 and CFP-10-FluoroSpot combined with latency-associated antigen in the differential diagnosis of ATB and LTBI were also calculated. RESULTS Following the stimulation with Rv1733c and Rv1733c SLP, the frequency of single IL-2-secreting T cells stimulated by Rv1733c SLP had the largest area under the ROC curve, which was 0.766. With a cutoff value of 1 (spot-forming cells [SFCs]/2.5 × 105 peripheral blood mononuclear cells) for frequency, the sensitivity and specificity of distinguishing ATB from LTBI were 72.2% and 73.7%, respectively. ESAT-6 and CFP-10-FluoroSpot detected the frequency and proportion of single IFN-γ-secreting T cells; the sensitivity and specificity of distinguishing ATB from LTBI were 82.5% and 66.7%, respectively. Combined with the frequency of single IL-2-secreting T cells stimulated by Rv1733c SLP on the basis of ESAT-6 and CFP-10-FluoroSpot, the sensitivity and specificity increased to 84.2% and 83.3%, respectively. CONCLUSION Rv1733c SLP, combined with ESAT-6 and CFP-10, might be used as a candidate antigen for T cell-based tuberculosis diagnostic tests to differentiate ATB from LTBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lifan Zhang
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Disease, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Peking Union Medical College, International Clinical Epidemiology Network, Beijing 100730, China
- Center for Tuberculosis Research, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Huimin Ma
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Disease, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Shijun Wan
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Disease, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Yueqiu Zhang
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Disease, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Mengqiu Gao
- Department of Tuberculosis, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University/Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing 101149, China
| | - Xiaoqing Liu
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Disease, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Peking Union Medical College, International Clinical Epidemiology Network, Beijing 100730, China
- Center for Tuberculosis Research, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
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Bahoua B, Sevdalis SE, Soto AM. Effect of Sequence on the Interactions of Divalent Cations with M-Box Riboswitches from Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Bacillus subtilis. Biochemistry 2021; 60:2781-2794. [PMID: 34472844 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.1c00371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
RNA is highly negatively charged and often acquires complex structures that require the presence of divalent cations. Subtle changes in conformation resulting from changes in sequence can affect the way ions associate with RNA. Riboswitches are RNA molecules that are involved in the control of gene expression in bacteria and are excellent systems for testing the effects of sequence variations on the conformation of RNA because they contain a highly conserved binding pocket but present sequence variability among different organisms. In this work, we have compared the aptamer domain of a proposed M-box riboswitch from Mycobacterium tuberculosis with the aptamer domain of a validated M-box riboswitch from Bacillus subtilis. We have in vitro transcribed and purified wild-type (WT) M-box riboswitches from M. tuberculosis and B. subtilis as well as a variety of mutated aptamers in which regions from one riboswitch have been replaced with regions from the other riboswitch. We have used ultraviolet unfolding experiments and circular dichroism to characterize the interactions of WT and related M-box riboswitches with divalent cations. Our results show that M-box from M. tuberculosis associates with Mg2+ and Sr2+ in a similar fashion while M-box from B. subtilis discriminates between these two ions and appears to associate better with Mg2+. Our overall results show that M-box from M. tuberculosis interacts differently with cations than M-box from B. subtilis and suggest conformational differences between these two riboswitches.
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Soe PT, Hanthamrongwit J, Saelee C, Kyaw SP, Khaenam P, Warit S, Satproedprai N, Mahasirimongkol S, Yanai H, Chootong P, Leepiyasakulchai C. Circulating IgA/IgG memory B cells against Mycobacterium tuberculosis dormancy-associated antigens Rv2659c and Rv3128c in active and latent tuberculosis. Int J Infect Dis 2021; 110:75-82. [PMID: 34284090 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2021.07.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To elucidate the antigenic potential of dormancy-associated antigens Rv2659c and Rv3128c of Mycobacterium tuberculosis by examining the persistence of specific IgG and IgA memory B cells (MBCs) among patients with active tuberculosis (TB), household contacts with latent tuberculosis (LTBI), and an endemic healthy control group. METHODS Fresh peripheral blood mononuclear cells from the three study groups were used to enumerate the numbers of IgG and IgA MBCs specific to recombinant protein Rv2659c and Rv3128c by ELISpot assay. The composition of MBC subsets IgA+ and IgG + was analyzed by flow cytometry. RESULTS The number of IgA MBCs specific to antigen Rv2659c was significantly higher in the LTBI group than the TB group. In contrast, no significant difference was found in IgA or IgG MBCs against antigen Rv3128c. The number of IgA+ MBCs was significantly higher than that of IgG+ MBCs in the classical MBC subset of the LTBI group. CONCLUSION The results indicated that the dormancy-associated antigen Rv2659c induced an IgA MBCs response in individuals with latent TB, and IgA+ classical MBCs formed a major portion of the MBCs subset. This new knowledge will be beneficial for the development of novel TB vaccines and their control of latent TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phyu Thwe Soe
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Applied Technology, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, University of Medical Technology, Mandalay, Myanmar
| | - Jariya Hanthamrongwit
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Applied Technology, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Chutiphon Saelee
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Applied Technology, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Soe Paing Kyaw
- Clinical Pathology Laboratory, (1000) Bedded General Hospital, Nay Pyi Taw, Myanmar
| | - Prasong Khaenam
- Center of Standardization and Product Validation, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Saradee Warit
- Industrial Tuberculosis Team, IMMBRG, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), NSTDA, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Nusara Satproedprai
- Genomic Medicine and Innovation Support Division, Department of Medical Sciences, Ministry of Public Health, Thailand
| | - Surakameth Mahasirimongkol
- Genomic Medicine and Innovation Support Division, Department of Medical Sciences, Ministry of Public Health, Thailand
| | - Hideki Yanai
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Fukujuji Hospital, Japan Anti-Tuberculosis Association (JATA), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Patchanee Chootong
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Applied Technology, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Chaniya Leepiyasakulchai
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Applied Technology, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
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A Notch4 missense mutation is associated with susceptibility to tuberculosis in Chinese population. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2019; 78:104145. [PMID: 31838262 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2019.104145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The infection process of tuberculosis is related to the interactions between Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) and the host immune system. Polymorphisms in genes involved in the host immune system are related to susceptibility to tuberculosis. The Notch signalling pathway regulates innate and adaptive immunity. Notch4 is a member of the Notch receptor family and may be a negative regulator of Mtb-induced inflammation. However, little is known about the association between Notch4 genetic polymorphisms and susceptibility to tuberculosis; therefore, we explored the association between Notch4 variants and susceptibility to tuberculosis in China. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 900 tuberculosis patients and 1534 healthy people serving as controls were enrolled consecutively at West China Hospital between January 2014 and February 2016 Twelve selected SNPs (rs2071277, rs2071285, rs206016, rs438475, rs2256594, rs429853, rs422951, rs415929, rs915895, rs443198, rs3830041 and rs375244) were genotyped by a custom-by-design 2 48-plex SNP scan TM kit. The frequencies of the alleles, genotypes and genetic models of the variants were compared between the two groups, while the SNP-SNP interactions were analysed by Multifactor Dimensionality Reduction (MDR) software. The odds ratio (OR) with a corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI) was calculated. RESULTS The G allele rs2071277 of Notch4 was associated with a decreased risk for tuberculosis (OR 0.844; 95% CI 0.748-0.954, p = .006). The G allele rs422951 of Notch4 was associated with a decreased risk for tuberculosis (OR 0.818; 95% CI 0.703-0.950, p = .008). These findings were consistent with the results from both the dominant model and additive model. The allele, genotype and genetic model frequencies for the other SNPs were similar in the two groups (all P > .05). One haplotype (GTG) consisting of rs2071277, rs2071285 and rs206016 was associated with tuberculosis risk (p = .011). CONCLUSION Ours is the first study implies that the G allele variants of rs2071277 and rs422951 in Notch4 influence susceptibility to tuberculosis in a Chinese population, suggesting that Notch signalling is involved in the pathogenesis of tuberculosis. More studies with functional verification will refine our understanding of the role of Notch signalling and provide novel avenues for therapeutic intervention.
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Alam A, Imam N, Ahmed MM, Tazyeen S, Tamkeen N, Farooqui A, Malik MZ, Ishrat R. Identification and Classification of Differentially Expressed Genes and Network Meta-Analysis Reveals Potential Molecular Signatures Associated With Tuberculosis. Front Genet 2019; 10:932. [PMID: 31749827 PMCID: PMC6844239 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.00932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is one of deadly transmissible disease that causes death worldwide; however, only 10% of people infected with Mycobacteriumtuberculosis develop disease, indicating that host genetic factors may play key role in determining susceptibility to TB disease. In this way, the analysis of gene expression profiling of TB infected individuals can give us a snapshot of actively expressed genes and transcripts under various conditions. In the present study, we have analyzed microarray data set and compared the gene expression profiles of patients with different datasets of healthy control, latent infection, and active TB. We observed the transition of genes from normal condition to different stages of the TB and identified and annotated those genes/pathways/processes that have important roles in TB disease during its cyclic interventions in the human body. We identified 488 genes that were differentially expressed at various stages of TB and allocated to pathways and gene set enrichment analysis. These pathways as well as GSEA’s importance were evaluated according to the number of DEGs presents in both. In addition, we studied the gene regulatory networks that may help to further understand the molecular mechanism of immune response against the TB infection and provide us a new angle for future biomarker and therapeutic targets. In this study, we identified 26 leading hubs which are deeply rooted from top to bottom in the gene regulatory network and work as the backbone of the network. These leading hubs contains 31 key regulator genes, of which 14 genes were up-regulated and 17 genes were down-regulated. The proposed approach is based on gene-expression profiling, and network analysis approaches predict some unknown TB-associated genes, which can be considered (or can be tested) as reliable candidates for further (in vivo/in vitro) studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aftab Alam
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Nikhat Imam
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India.,Department of Mathematics, Institute of Computer Science & Information Technology, Magadh University, Bodh Gaya, India
| | - Mohd Murshad Ahmed
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Safia Tazyeen
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Naaila Tamkeen
- Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Anam Farooqui
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Md Zubbair Malik
- School of Computational & Integrative Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Romana Ishrat
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
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Rukmana A, Rasyid B, Sjatha F. Gluthathione S-transferase-resuscitation-promoting factor B recombinant protein of <em>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</em> induces the production of interferon-γ and interleukin-12 in mice splenocytes. MEDICAL JOURNAL OF INDONESIA 2019. [DOI: 10.13181/mji.v28i3.2444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND As the only TB vaccine available, Bacillus Calmette-Guérin shows variable efficacy in adults and does not provide protection against the resuscitation of latent TB infections. Resuscitation-promoting factor B (RpfB) is a protein produced by Mycobacterium tuberculosis during the resuscitation phase and is promising as a novel TB vaccine. This study was aimed to analyze the immunogenicity of the gluthathione S-transferase (GST)-RpfB recombinant protein on mice splenocytes in vitro. METHODS After induction with isopropyl β-D-1-thiogalactopyranoside, the protein was extracted by sonication followed by solubilization in 8 M urea buffer. Protein was then re-natured and purified with a GST chromatography column. The isolated protein was confirmed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and Western blot using anti-GST antibodies, and its concentration was determined using the Bradford method. Each group of splenocytes was treated with 25 μg/ ml of the recombinant protein (GST-RpfB), GST, and phytohemagglutinin. Antigen induction was repeated twice at 24 and 72 hours. The supernatant was collected at 96 hours and interferon gamma (IFNγ), interleukin (IL-12, IL-4, and IL-10) levels were measured with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. RESULTS GST-RpfB recombinant proteins were expressed in the form of inclusion bodies with a molecular weight of approximately 66 kDa. Based on the independent t-test, GST-RpfB stimulated IFNγ and IL-12 production but not IL-4 and IL-10. CONCLUSIONS The GST-RpfB protein has been immunogenically proven and is a potential candidate as a novel subunit TB vaccine.
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Kumar A, Phulera S, Rizvi A, Sonawane PJ, Panwar HS, Banerjee S, Sahu A, Mande SC. Structural basis of hypoxic gene regulation by the Rv0081 transcription factor ofMycobacterium tuberculosis. FEBS Lett 2019; 593:982-995. [DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ashwani Kumar
- National Centre for Cell Science SP Pune University Campus Pune India
| | - Swastik Phulera
- National Centre for Cell Science SP Pune University Campus Pune India
| | - Arshad Rizvi
- Department of Biochemistry University of Hyderabad Hyderabad India
| | | | | | | | - Arvind Sahu
- National Centre for Cell Science SP Pune University Campus Pune India
| | - Shekhar C. Mande
- National Centre for Cell Science SP Pune University Campus Pune India
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Bonartsev AP, Voinova VV, Bonartseva GA. Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) and Human Microbiota (Review). APPL BIOCHEM MICRO+ 2018. [DOI: 10.1134/s0003683818060066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Zhao HM, Du R, Li CL, Ji P, Li HC, Wu K, Hu Z, Lu SH, Lowrie DB, Fan XY. Differential T cell responses against DosR-associated antigen Rv2028c in BCG-vaccinated populations with tuberculosis infection. J Infect 2018; 78:275-280. [PMID: 30528871 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2018.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Revised: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The IFN-γ release assays (IGRAs) based on region of difference 1 (RD1) antigens have improved diagnosis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection. However, IGRAs with these antigens could not distinguish latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) from active tuberculosis (ATB). DosR regulon genes are thought to be important for Mtb dormancy, and their products have higher immunogenicity in LTBI than ATB individuals, suggesting protective immunity mediated by DosR regulon-encoded antigens and potential utility of them for differential diagnostics of Mtb-infected populations or development of therapeutic vaccines against tuberculosis (TB). Among them, Rv2028c is a dormancy-related antigen that has demonstrated potential use in TB control, but its immunological characteristics in the BCG-vaccinated Chinese population are unknown. In this study, a total of 148 individuals, including 98 patients with ATB, 20 cases with LTBI and 30 healthy controls, were tested for Rv2028c-specific T cell responses by using an IFN-γ ELISA assay. The results showed that the T-cell responses in LTBI individuals were almost always higher than those in ATB patients, regardless of the site of infection or the results of bacteriological examination in the patients. This allowed for good differentiation between these two groups of Mtb-infected individuals even in the BCG-vaccinated high TB-incidence setting that pertains in China. In addition, the diagnostic efficacy for ATB was enhanced by combining the results from Rv2028c and RD1 antigen-based IFN-γ ELISA assays. In conclusion, Rv2028c-specific T-cell responses might contribute to natural protection against dormant Mtb infection, and the determination of these responses can aid discrimination between healthy LTBI individuals and ATB patients in the Mtb-infected populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Min Zhao
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of MOE/MOH, Fudan University, 2901 Caolang Rd., Shanghai 201508, China; School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Rui Du
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Science, Jinlin Agriculture University, Changchun 130033, China
| | - Chun-Ling Li
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of MOE/MOH, Fudan University, 2901 Caolang Rd., Shanghai 201508, China; School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Ping Ji
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of MOE/MOH, Fudan University, 2901 Caolang Rd., Shanghai 201508, China
| | - Hai-Cong Li
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of MOE/MOH, Fudan University, 2901 Caolang Rd., Shanghai 201508, China
| | - Kang Wu
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of MOE/MOH, Fudan University, 2901 Caolang Rd., Shanghai 201508, China
| | - Zhidong Hu
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of MOE/MOH, Fudan University, 2901 Caolang Rd., Shanghai 201508, China
| | - Shui-Hua Lu
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of MOE/MOH, Fudan University, 2901 Caolang Rd., Shanghai 201508, China
| | - Douglas B Lowrie
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of MOE/MOH, Fudan University, 2901 Caolang Rd., Shanghai 201508, China
| | - Xiao-Yong Fan
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China; Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of MOE/MOH, Fudan University, 2901 Caolang Rd., Shanghai 201508, China; School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Science, Jinlin Agriculture University, Changchun 130033, China.
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A new model for chronic and reactivation tuberculosis: Infection with genetically attenuated Mycobacterium tuberculosis in mice with polar susceptibility. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2018; 113:130-138. [PMID: 30514495 DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2018.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Revised: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
TB infection in mice develops relatively rapidly which interferes with experimental dissection of immune responses and lung pathology features that differ between genetically susceptible and resistant hosts. Earlier we have shown that the M. tuberculosis strain lacking four of five Rpf genes (ΔACDE) is seriously attenuated for growth in vivo. Using this strain, we assessed key parameters of lung pathology, immune and inflammatory responses in chronic and reactivation TB infections in highly susceptible I/St and more resistant B6 mice. ΔACDE mycobacteria progressively multiplied only in I/St lungs, whilst in B6 lung CFU counts decreased with time. Condensed TB foci apeared in B6 lungs at week 4 of infection, whilst in I/St their formation was delayed. At the late phase of infection, in I/St lungs TB foci fused resulting in extensive pneumonia, whereas in B6 lungs pathology was limited to condensed foci. Macrophage and neutrophil populations characteristically differed between I/St and B6 mice at early and late stages of infection: more neutrophils accumulated in I/St and more macrophages in B6 lungs. The expression level of chemokine genes involved in neutrophil influx was higher in I/St compared to B6 lungs. B6 lung cells produced more IFN-γ, IL-6 and IL-11 at the early and late phases of infection. Overall, using a new mouse model of slow TB progression, we demonstrate two important features of ineffective infection control underlined by shifts in lung inflammation: delay in early granuloma formation and fusion of granulomas resulting in consolidated pneumonia late in the infectious course.
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Antonova AV, Gryadunov DA, Zimenkov DV. Molecular Mechanisms of Drug Tolerance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Mol Biol 2018. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026893318030020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Fwoloshi S, Hachaambwa LM, Chiyeñu KO, Chirwa L, Hoffman TW, Ngalamika O, Bailey SL. Screening for Diabetes Mellitus among Tuberculosis Patients: Findings from a Study at a Tertiary Hospital in Lusaka, Zambia. THE CANADIAN JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES & MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY = JOURNAL CANADIEN DES MALADIES INFECTIEUSES ET DE LA MICROBIOLOGIE MEDICALE 2018; 2018:3524926. [PMID: 29692873 PMCID: PMC5859901 DOI: 10.1155/2018/3524926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Revised: 01/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes mellitus (DM) is known to be associated with active tuberculosis (TB). Zambia is a low-income sub-Saharan African country with a high TB burden and increasing numbers of newly diagnosed DM patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS This was an observational study conducted at the University Teaching Hospital in Lusaka, Zambia, from October 2014 to February 2016. Adult patients with active TB were screened for DM. RESULTS A total of 127 individuals were enrolled in the study. Six patients (5%) were found to have diabetes. Of these, three had a prior diagnosis of diabetes and were on medication while three were newly diagnosed. Low education level was significantly associated with DM (p=0.001; 95% CI 0.001-0.148). CONCLUSION The prevalence of DM among individuals with smear positive TB in our study population was similar to that of the general population in Zambia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sombo Fwoloshi
- Adult Infectious Diseases Center of Excellence, Department of Medicine, University Teaching Hospital, University of Zambia School of Medicine, Lusaka, Zambia
| | | | - Kaseya O. Chiyeñu
- Department of Medicine, Livingstone Central Hospital, Livingstone, Zambia
| | - Lameck Chirwa
- Adult Infectious Diseases Center of Excellence, Department of Medicine, University Teaching Hospital, University of Zambia School of Medicine, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Thijs W. Hoffman
- Adult Infectious Diseases Center of Excellence, Department of Medicine, University Teaching Hospital, University of Zambia School of Medicine, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Owen Ngalamika
- Dermatology and Venereology Section, University Teaching Hospital, University of Zambia School of Medicine, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Sarah Lou Bailey
- TB Centre and Department of Clinical Research, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
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Gene expression models based on a reference laboratory strain are poor predictors of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex transcriptional diversity. Sci Rep 2018; 8:3813. [PMID: 29491462 PMCID: PMC5830583 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-22237-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Every year, species of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) kill more people than any other infectious disease caused by a single agent. As a consequence of its global distribution and parallel evolution with the human host the bacteria is not genetically homogeneous. The observed genetic heterogeneity has relevance at different phenotypic levels, from gene expression to epidemiological dynamics. However, current systems biology datasets have focused on the laboratory reference strain H37Rv. By using large expression datasets testing the role of almost two hundred transcription factors, we have constructed computational models to grab the expression dynamics of Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv genes. However, we have found that many of those transcription factors are deleted or likely dysfunctional across strains of the MTBC. As a result, we failed to predict expression changes in strains with a different genetic background when compared with experimental data. These results highlight the importance of designing systems biology approaches that take into account the genetic diversity of tubercle bacilli, or any other pathogen, if we want to identify universal targets for vaccines, diagnostics and treatments.
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15
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Chen C, Chen L, Chen C, Chen Q, Zhao Q, Dong Y. The Distribution Frequency of Interferon-Gamma Receptor 1 Gene Polymorphisms in Interferon- γ Release Assay-Positive Patients. DISEASE MARKERS 2017; 2017:4031671. [PMID: 29209098 PMCID: PMC5676416 DOI: 10.1155/2017/4031671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Revised: 10/01/2017] [Accepted: 10/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis is caused by mycobacterium, a potentially fatal infectious bacterium. In recent years, TB cases increased in the whole world. WHO statistics data shows that the world's annual tuberculosis incidence was 8~10 million with about 3 million deaths. Several studies have shown that susceptibility to tuberculosis may be associated with IFNGR1 gene polymorphisms. Here, we report the distribution frequency of IFNGR1 gene polymorphisms in 103 cases of IGA-negative patients and 100 cases of IGA-positive patients from China by sequencing the IFNGR1 proximal ~750 bp promoter region. We found a total of 5 types of site mutations: -611 (G/A), -56 (T/C), -255 (C/T), -359 (T/C), and -72 (C/T). The two main types of gene polymorphisms among the IGA-negative and IGA-positive groups were -611 (G/A), with mutation rates of 88.3% and 78.4%, respectively, and -56 (T/C), with mutation rates of 84.5% and 83.8%, respectively, which had no statistical significance, and there was no correlation with the incidence of tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changguo Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Navy General Hospital, No. 6 Fucheng Road, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Lei Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Navy General Hospital, No. 6 Fucheng Road, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Changwei Chen
- Department of Pathology, Donghua Hospital Affiliated to Zhongshan University, No. 1 Dongcheng Road, Dongguan, Guangdong 523110, China
| | - Qiuyuan Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Navy General Hospital, No. 6 Fucheng Road, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Qiangyuan Zhao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Navy General Hospital, No. 6 Fucheng Road, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Youyou Dong
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Navy General Hospital, No. 6 Fucheng Road, Beijing 100037, China
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16
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Wilkinson S, Bishop SC, Allen AR, McBride SH, Skuce RA, Bermingham M, Woolliams JA, Glass EJ. Fine-mapping host genetic variation underlying outcomes to Mycobacterium bovis infection in dairy cows. BMC Genomics 2017; 18:477. [PMID: 28646863 PMCID: PMC5483290 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-017-3836-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Susceptibility to Mycobacterium bovis infection in cattle is governed in part by host genetics. However, cattle diagnosed as infected with M. bovis display varying signs of pathology. The variation in host response to infection could represent a continuum since time of exposure or distinct outcomes due to differing pathogen handling. The relationships between host genetics and variation in host response and pathological sequelae following M. bovis infection were explored by genotyping 1966 Holstein-Friesian dairy cows at 538,231 SNPs with three distinct phenotypes. These were: single intradermal cervical comparative tuberculin (SICCT) test positives with visible lesions (VLs), SICCT-positives with undetected visible lesions (NVLs) and matched controls SICCT-negative on multiple occasions. RESULTS Regional heritability mapping identified three loci associated with the NVL phenotype on chromosomes 17, 22 and 23, distinct to the region on chromosome 13 associated with the VL phenotype. The region on chromosome 23 was at genome-wide significance and candidate genes overlapping the mapped window included members of the bovine leukocyte antigen class IIb region, a complex known for its role in immunity and disease resistance. Chromosome heritability analysis attributed variance to six and thirteen chromosomes for the VL and NVL phenotypes, respectively, and four of these chromosomes were found to explain a proportion of the phenotypic variation for both the VL and NVL phenotype. By grouping the M. bovis outcomes (VLs and NVLs) variance was attributed to nine chromosomes. When contrasting the two M. bovis infection outcomes (VLs vs NVLs) nine chromosomes were found to harbour heritable variation. Regardless of the case phenotype under investigation, chromosome heritability did not exceed 8% indicating that the genetic control of bTB resistance consists of variants of small to moderate effect situated across many chromosomes of the bovine genome. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest the host genetics of M. bovis infection outcomes is governed by distinct and overlapping genetic variants. Thus, variation in the pathology of M. bovis infected cattle may be partly genetically determined and indicative of different host responses or pathogen handling. There may be at least three distinct outcomes following M. bovis exposure in dairy cattle: resistance to infection, infection resulting in pathology or no detectable pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Wilkinson
- The Roslin Institute and R(D)SVS, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush EH25 9RG, Edinburgh, UK.
| | - S C Bishop
- The Roslin Institute and R(D)SVS, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush EH25 9RG, Edinburgh, UK
| | - A R Allen
- Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute, Stormont, Belfast, Northern Ireland, BT4 3SD, UK
| | - S H McBride
- Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute, Stormont, Belfast, Northern Ireland, BT4 3SD, UK
| | - R A Skuce
- Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute, Stormont, Belfast, Northern Ireland, BT4 3SD, UK
- School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, BT9 7BL, UK
| | - M Bermingham
- The Roslin Institute and R(D)SVS, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush EH25 9RG, Edinburgh, UK
- Current Address: Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, School of Molecular, Genetic and Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - J A Woolliams
- The Roslin Institute and R(D)SVS, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush EH25 9RG, Edinburgh, UK
| | - E J Glass
- The Roslin Institute and R(D)SVS, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush EH25 9RG, Edinburgh, UK
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17
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A Population Genomics Approach to Assessing the Genetic Basis of Within-Host Microevolution Underlying Recurrent Cryptococcal Meningitis Infection. G3-GENES GENOMES GENETICS 2017; 7:1165-1176. [PMID: 28188180 PMCID: PMC5386865 DOI: 10.1534/g3.116.037499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Recurrence of meningitis due to Cryptococcus neoformans after treatment causes substantial mortality in HIV/AIDS patients across sub-Saharan Africa. In order to determine whether recurrence occurred due to relapse of the original infecting isolate or reinfection with a different isolate weeks or months after initial treatment, we used whole-genome sequencing (WGS) to assess the genetic basis of infection in 17 HIV-infected individuals with recurrent cryptococcal meningitis (CM). Comparisons revealed a clonal relationship for 15 pairs of isolates recovered before and after recurrence showing relapse of the original infection. The two remaining pairs showed high levels of genetic heterogeneity; in one pair we found this to be a result of infection by mixed genotypes, while the second was a result of nonsense mutations in the gene encoding the DNA mismatch repair proteins MSH2, MSH5, and RAD5. These nonsense mutations led to a hypermutator state, leading to dramatically elevated rates of synonymous and nonsynonymous substitutions. Hypermutator phenotypes owing to nonsense mutations in these genes have not previously been reported in C. neoformans, and represent a novel pathway for rapid within-host adaptation and evolution of resistance to first-line antifungal drugs.
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18
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Peddireddy V, Doddam SN, Ahmed N. Mycobacterial Dormancy Systems and Host Responses in Tuberculosis. Front Immunol 2017; 8:84. [PMID: 28261197 PMCID: PMC5309233 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) caused by the intracellular pathogen, Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), claims more than 1.5 million lives worldwide annually. Despite promulgation of multipronged strategies to prevent and control TB, there is no significant downfall occurring in the number of new cases, and adding to this is the relapse of the disease due to the emergence of antibiotic resistance and the ability of Mtb to remain dormant after primary infection. The pathology of Mtb is complex and largely attributed to immune-evading strategies that this pathogen adopts to establish primary infection, its persistence in the host, and reactivation of pathogenicity under favorable conditions. In this review, we present various biochemical, immunological, and genetic strategies unleashed by Mtb inside the host for its survival. The bacterium enables itself to establish a niche by evading immune recognition via resorting to masking, establishment of dormancy by manipulating immune receptor responses, altering innate immune cell fate, enhancing granuloma formation, and developing antibiotic tolerance. Besides these, the regulatory entities, such as DosR and its regulon, encompassing various putative effector proteins play a vital role in maintaining the dormant nature of this pathogen. Further, reactivation of Mtb allows relapse of the disease and is favored by the genes of the Rtf family and the conditions that suppress the immune system of the host. Identification of target genes and characterizing the function of their respective antigens involved in primary infection, dormancy, and reactivation would likely provide vital clues to design novel drugs and/or vaccines for the control of dormant TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vidyullatha Peddireddy
- Pathogen Biology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, University of Hyderabad , Hyderabad , India
| | - Sankara Narayana Doddam
- Pathogen Biology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, University of Hyderabad , Hyderabad , India
| | - Niyaz Ahmed
- Pathogen Biology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India; Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
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19
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Lu Y, Li Q, Peng J, Zhu Y, Wang F, Wang C, Wang X. Association of autophagy-related IRGM polymorphisms with latent versus active tuberculosis infection in a Chinese population. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2016; 97:47-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2016.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Revised: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 01/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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20
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Mahajan N, Naidu P, Kaur SD. Insight into the diagnosis and management of subclinical genital tuberculosis in women with infertility. J Hum Reprod Sci 2016; 9:135-144. [PMID: 27803580 PMCID: PMC5070394 DOI: 10.4103/0974-1208.192043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Genital tuberculosis (GTB) is an important cause of infertility in India. Lack of an accurate diagnostic test has led to an indiscriminate use of antitubercular treatment in infertile women. Apart from concerns of drug toxicity, this may be a contributing factor in the increasing incidence of multidrug-resistant TB reported in India. We conducted a study to analyze whether a combination of tests could help improve diagnostic accuracy. An algorithm for the management of GTB in infertile women based on the use of multiple tests is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nalini Mahajan
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Mother and Child Hospital, New Delhi, India; Milann Fertility Centre, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Simran Deep Kaur
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Mother and Child Hospital, New Delhi, India
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21
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Velayati AA, Abeel T, Shea T, Konstantinovich Zhavnerko G, Birren B, Cassell GH, Earl AM, Hoffner S, Farnia P. Populations of latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis lack a cell wall: Isolation, visualization, and whole-genome characterization. Int J Mycobacteriol 2015; 5:66-73. [PMID: 26927992 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmyco.2015.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2015] [Revised: 11/28/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE/BACKGROUND Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) causes active tuberculosis (TB) in only a small percentage of infected people. In most cases, the infection is clinically latent, where bacilli can persist in human hosts for years without causing disease. Surprisingly, the biology of such persister cells is largely unknown. This study describes the isolation, identification, and whole-genome sequencing (WGS) of latent TB bacilli after 782days (26months) of latency (the ability of MTB bacilli to lie persistent). METHODS The in vitro double-stress model of latency (oxygen and nutrition) was designed for MTB culture. After 26months of latency, MTB cells that persisted were isolated and investigated under light and atomic force microscopy. Spoligotyping and WGS were performed to verify the identity of the strain. RESULTS We established a culture medium in which MTB bacilli arrest their growth, reduce their size (0.3-0.1μm), lose their acid fastness (85-90%) and change their shape. Spoligopatterns of latent cells were identical to original H37Rv, with differences observed at spacers two and 14. WGS revealed only a few genetic changes relative to the already published H37Rv reference genome. Among these was a large 2064-bp insertion (RvD6), which was originally detected in both H37Ra and CDC1551, but not H37Rv. CONCLUSION Here, we show cell-wall free cells of MTB bacilli in their latent state, and the biological adaptation of these cells was more phenotypic in nature than genomic. These cell-wall free cells represent a good model for understanding the nature of TB latency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Akbar Velayati
- Mycobacteriology Research Centre, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Thomas Abeel
- Genome Sequencing & Analysis Program, The Broad Institute of MIT & Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Delft Bioinformatics Lab, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Terrance Shea
- Genome Sequencing & Analysis Program, The Broad Institute of MIT & Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Bruce Birren
- Genome Sequencing & Analysis Program, The Broad Institute of MIT & Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Gail H Cassell
- Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ashlee M Earl
- Genome Sequencing & Analysis Program, The Broad Institute of MIT & Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Sven Hoffner
- Department of Microbiology, The Public Health Agency of Sweden, Solna, Sweden
| | - Parissa Farnia
- Mycobacteriology Research Centre, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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22
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Kell D, Potgieter M, Pretorius E. Individuality, phenotypic differentiation, dormancy and 'persistence' in culturable bacterial systems: commonalities shared by environmental, laboratory, and clinical microbiology. F1000Res 2015; 4:179. [PMID: 26629334 PMCID: PMC4642849 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.6709.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
For bacteria, replication mainly involves growth by binary fission. However, in a very great many natural environments there are examples of phenotypically dormant, non-growing cells that do not replicate immediately and that are phenotypically 'nonculturable' on media that normally admit their growth. They thereby evade detection by conventional culture-based methods. Such dormant cells may also be observed in laboratory cultures and in clinical microbiology. They are usually more tolerant to stresses such as antibiotics, and in clinical microbiology they are typically referred to as 'persisters'. Bacterial cultures necessarily share a great deal of relatedness, and inclusive fitness theory implies that there are conceptual evolutionary advantages in trading a variation in growth rate against its mean, equivalent to hedging one's bets. There is much evidence that bacteria exploit this strategy widely. We here bring together data that show the commonality of these phenomena across environmental, laboratory and clinical microbiology. Considerable evidence, using methods similar to those common in environmental microbiology, now suggests that many supposedly non-communicable, chronic and inflammatory diseases are exacerbated (if not indeed largely caused) by the presence of dormant or persistent bacteria (the ability of whose components to cause inflammation is well known). This dormancy (and resuscitation therefrom) often reflects the extent of the availability of free iron. Together, these phenomena can provide a ready explanation for the continuing inflammation common to such chronic diseases and its correlation with iron dysregulation. This implies that measures designed to assess and to inhibit or remove such organisms (or their access to iron) might be of much therapeutic benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas Kell
- School of Chemistry and The Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, Manchester, Lancashire, M1 7DN, UK
| | - Marnie Potgieter
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Arcadia, 0007, South Africa
| | - Etheresia Pretorius
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Arcadia, 0007, South Africa
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23
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Kell D, Potgieter M, Pretorius E. Individuality, phenotypic differentiation, dormancy and 'persistence' in culturable bacterial systems: commonalities shared by environmental, laboratory, and clinical microbiology. F1000Res 2015; 4:179. [PMID: 26629334 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.6709.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
For bacteria, replication mainly involves growth by binary fission. However, in a very great many natural environments there are examples of phenotypically dormant, non-growing cells that do not replicate immediately and that are phenotypically 'nonculturable' on media that normally admit their growth. They thereby evade detection by conventional culture-based methods. Such dormant cells may also be observed in laboratory cultures and in clinical microbiology. They are usually more tolerant to stresses such as antibiotics, and in clinical microbiology they are typically referred to as 'persisters'. Bacterial cultures necessarily share a great deal of relatedness, and inclusive fitness theory implies that there are conceptual evolutionary advantages in trading a variation in growth rate against its mean, equivalent to hedging one's bets. There is much evidence that bacteria exploit this strategy widely. We here bring together data that show the commonality of these phenomena across environmental, laboratory and clinical microbiology. Considerable evidence, using methods similar to those common in environmental microbiology, now suggests that many supposedly non-communicable, chronic and inflammatory diseases are exacerbated (if not indeed largely caused) by the presence of dormant or persistent bacteria (the ability of whose components to cause inflammation is well known). This dormancy (and resuscitation therefrom) often reflects the extent of the availability of free iron. Together, these phenomena can provide a ready explanation for the continuing inflammation common to such chronic diseases and its correlation with iron dysregulation. This implies that measures designed to assess and to inhibit or remove such organisms (or their access to iron) might be of much therapeutic benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas Kell
- School of Chemistry and The Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, Manchester, Lancashire, M1 7DN, UK
| | - Marnie Potgieter
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Arcadia, 0007, South Africa
| | - Etheresia Pretorius
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Arcadia, 0007, South Africa
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24
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Mycobacterium tuberculosis dormancy-associated antigen of Rv2660c induces stronger immune response in latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection than that in active tuberculosis in a Chinese population. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2015; 34:1103-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s10096-015-2335-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2014] [Accepted: 01/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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25
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Shleeva M, Kondratieva T, Rubakova E, Vostroknutova G, Kaprelyants A, Apt A. Reactivation of dormant "non-culturable" Mycobacterium tuberculosis developed in vitro after injection in mice: both the dormancy depth and host genetics influence the outcome. Microb Pathog 2014; 78:63-6. [PMID: 25434928 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2014.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2014] [Revised: 11/25/2014] [Accepted: 11/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Three stocks of Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv were cultured in vitro under prolonged hypoxic or acidified conditions until partial or complete loss of the capacity to form colonies on agar medium was achieved. Such dormant "non-culturable" mycobacteria were assessed for the growth resuscitation after intra-tracheal injection into mice of the two inbred strains with different genetic susceptibility to M. tuberculosis-triggered disease: hyper-susceptible I/St and relatively resistant B6. The results indicate that bacteria which are able to resuscitate spontaneously in liquid medium in vitro started to multiply in organs of infected mice, and that the outcome of such infection strongly depended upon the level of genetic TB susceptibility. However, dormant bacteria required inducers for resuscitation in vitro lost the capacity to multiply even in genetically susceptible mice. The established model of dormancy/reactivation is suitable for the studying host-pathogen interactions and testing vaccine and drug candidates specifically targeting latent TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarita Shleeva
- A.N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.
| | | | | | - Galina Vostroknutova
- A.N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Arseny Kaprelyants
- A.N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
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New Advances in Diagnosis of Latent Tuberculosis Infection: A Review Article. ARCHIVES OF PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2014. [DOI: 10.5812/pedinfect.22368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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