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Marchionne G, Alcoverro E, Spinillo S, Louro LF. Anaesthetic management in a cat undergoing emergency craniotomy for meningioma excision. JFMS Open Rep 2023; 9:20551169231192287. [PMID: 37744284 PMCID: PMC10517613 DOI: 10.1177/20551169231192287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Case summary A 15-year-old female spayed domestic shorthair cat underwent an emergency craniotomy to remove an intracranial meningioma causing marked midline shift, caudal transtentorial and foramen magnum herniation. Because intracranial structures are enclosed in the cranium, any volume-occupying lesions might raise intracranial pressure (ICP), compromising cerebral perfusion. Relevance and novel information This case report discusses the anaesthetic management of a cat that presented with marked bradycardia and concomitant hypotension. Cushing's reflex (CR) is a well-recognised cardiovascular reflex following sudden ICP increase, and it features an irregular breathing pattern and increased arterial blood pressure with reflex bradycardia. However, CR is reported to have a low sensitivity for the detection of raised ICP in humans with traumatic brain injury. In a previous study reporting seven cats undergoing surgical removal of intracranial meningioma, ICP was measured in four cases and, in these patients, CR was not observed during surgery. Because bradycardia was not secondary to hypertension, in this case, it might have been the result of direct compression of the nucleus of the vagus nerve. Based on the literature search, there is paucity of reports of cardiovascular changes in cats with increased ICP and their perianaesthetic management.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Luis Filipe Louro
- ChesterGates Veterinary Specialists, Chester, UK
- Veterinary Anaesthesia Consultancy Services Limited, Barnsley, UK
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2
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Her J, Yanke AB, Gerken K, Yoon J, Peters AA, Hofmeister E, Bacek LM, Kuo KW. Retrospective evaluation of the relationship between admission variables and brain herniation in dogs (2010-2019): 54 cases. J Vet Emerg Crit Care (San Antonio) 2021; 32:50-57. [PMID: 34608750 DOI: 10.1111/vec.13147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2019] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To document the admission systolic blood pressure (SBP), heart rate (HR), and modified Glasgow coma scale (MGCS) score in dogs with and without brain herniation and to determine their relationship with brain herniation. DESIGN Retrospective study between 2010 and 2019. SETTING University veterinary teaching hospital. ANIMALS Fifty-four client-owned dogs with brain herniation and 40 client-owned dogs as a control group, as determined on magnetic resonance imaging. INTERVENTIONS None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS SBP, HR, MGCS score, and outcome were extracted from medical records. MGCS score was retrospectively calculated based on initial neurological examination in dogs with adequate available information. Dogs with brain herniation had a significantly higher SBP (P = 0.0078), greater SBP-HR difference (P = 0.0006), and lower MGCS score (P < 0.0001) compared to control dogs. A cutoff value of an SBP ≥ 178 mm Hg, SBP-HR ≥ 60, and MGCS score ≤ 14 each provides a specificity of 90%-98%. A combination of an SBP > 140 mm Hg and HR < 80/min provided 24% sensitivity and 100% specificity to diagnose dogs with brain herniation (P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS A high SBP, a greater difference between SBP and HR, a combination of higher SBP and lower HR, and a low MGCS score were associated with brain herniation in dogs presenting with neurological signs upon admission. Early recognition of these abnormalities may help veterinarians to suspect brain herniation and determine timely treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiwoong Her
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Auburn University College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn, Alabama, USA
| | - Amy B Yanke
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Auburn University College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn, Alabama, USA
| | - Katherine Gerken
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Auburn University College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn, Alabama, USA
| | - Jin Yoon
- Veterinary Surgical Centers, Vienna, Virginia, USA
| | | | - Erik Hofmeister
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Auburn University College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn, Alabama, USA
| | | | - Kendon W Kuo
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Auburn University College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn, Alabama, USA
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3
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Drolet C, Pinard C, Gaitero L, Monteith G, Bateman S. Study of the effect of anaesthesia on the canine ultrasonographic optic nerve sheath diameter. J Small Anim Pract 2021; 62:1070-1078. [PMID: 34264530 DOI: 10.1111/jsap.13403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the effects of anaesthetic duration and serial anaesthetic events on optic nerve sheath diameter in a population of dogs without intracranial disease using point-of-care ultrasonography. MATERIALS AND METHODS Client-owned dogs requiring advanced head imaging were prospectively enrolled. Exclusion criteria included signs of elevated intracranial pressure, glaucoma and optic nerve disease. Using a transpalpebral technique, two optic nerve sheath diameter measurements were recorded for each eye at three timepoints: following premedication, after induction within 7 minutes and before discontinuing isoflurane. Mixed model analysis was used to characterise optic nerve sheath diameter behaviour and investigate the effects of anaesthetic duration, bodyweight and anaesthetic protocol, age and sex. RESULTS Fourteen dogs of various ages, breeds and bodyweights were enrolled. A positive linear relationship was detected between body weight and optic nerve sheath diameter. In 12 of 14 dogs, the optic nerve sheath diameter increased from measurements taken after premedication when compared to measurements taken after induction within 7 minutes. In a subset of patients, measurements subsequently decreased when anaesthetic duration exceeded 120 minutes. Age, side, sex, final body temperature, blood pressure and anaesthetic protocol did not significantly affect optic nerve sheath diameter. No significant association was noted between optic nerve sheath diameter and end-tidal carbon dioxide after induction and before discontinuing isoflurane. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE When using point-of-care ultrasound, a transient increase in optic nerve sheath diameter occurs between premedication and within 7 minutes following induction, regardless of bodyweight. This should be taken into consideration when serial monitoring is performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Drolet
- Department of Clinical Studies, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - C Pinard
- Department of Clinical Studies, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - L Gaitero
- Department of Clinical Studies, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - G Monteith
- Department of Clinical Studies, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - S Bateman
- Department of Clinical Studies, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
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4
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Sneed SE, Scheulin KM, Kaiser EE, Fagan MM, Jurgielewicz BJ, Waters ES, Spellicy SE, Duberstein KJ, Platt SR, Baker EW, Stice SL, Kinder HA, West FD. Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Gait Analysis Indicate Similar Outcomes Between Yucatan and Landrace Porcine Ischemic Stroke Models. Front Neurol 2021; 11:594954. [PMID: 33551956 PMCID: PMC7859633 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.594954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The Stroke Therapy Academic Industry Roundtable (STAIR) has recommended that novel therapeutics be tested in a large animal model with similar anatomy and physiology to humans. The pig is an attractive model due to similarities in brain size, organization, and composition relative to humans. However, multiple pig breeds have been used to study ischemic stroke with potentially differing cerebral anatomy, architecture and, consequently, ischemic stroke pathologies. The objective of this study was to characterize brain anatomy and assess spatiotemporal gait parameters in Yucatan (YC) and Landrace (LR) pigs pre- and post-stroke using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and gait analysis, respectively. Ischemic stroke was induced via permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). MRI was performed pre-stroke and 1-day post-stroke. Structural and diffusion-tensor sequences were performed at both timepoints and analyzed for cerebral characteristics, lesion diffusivity, and white matter changes. Spatiotemporal and relative pressure gait measurements were collected pre- and 2-days post-stroke to characterize and compare acute functional deficits. The results from this study demonstrated that YC and LR pigs exhibit differences in gross brain anatomy and gait patterns pre-stroke with MRI and gait analysis showing statistical differences in the majority of parameters. However, stroke pathologies in YC and LR pigs were highly comparable post-stroke for most evaluated MRI parameters, including lesion volume and diffusivity, hemisphere swelling, ventricle compression, caudal transtentorial and foramen magnum herniation, showing no statistical difference between the breeds. In addition, post-stroke changes in velocity, cycle time, swing percent, cadence, and mean hoof pressure showed no statistical difference between the breeds. These results indicate significant differences between pig breeds in brain size, anatomy, and motor function pre-stroke, yet both demonstrate comparable brain pathophysiology and motor outcomes post-stroke. The conclusions of this study suggest pigs of these different breeds generally show a similar ischemic stroke response and findings can be compared across porcine stroke studies that use different breeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sydney E Sneed
- Regenerative Bioscience Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States.,Department of Animal and Dairy Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Kelly M Scheulin
- Regenerative Bioscience Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States.,Department of Animal and Dairy Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States.,Biomedical and Health Sciences Institute Neuroscience Program, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Erin E Kaiser
- Regenerative Bioscience Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States.,Department of Animal and Dairy Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States.,Biomedical and Health Sciences Institute Neuroscience Program, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Madison M Fagan
- Regenerative Bioscience Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States.,Department of Animal and Dairy Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Brian J Jurgielewicz
- Regenerative Bioscience Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States.,Biomedical and Health Sciences Institute Neuroscience Program, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Elizabeth S Waters
- Regenerative Bioscience Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States.,Department of Animal and Dairy Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States.,Biomedical and Health Sciences Institute Neuroscience Program, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Samantha E Spellicy
- Regenerative Bioscience Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States.,Biomedical and Health Sciences Institute Neuroscience Program, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Kylee J Duberstein
- Regenerative Bioscience Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States.,Department of Animal and Dairy Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Simon R Platt
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | | | - Steven L Stice
- Regenerative Bioscience Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States.,Department of Animal and Dairy Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States.,Aruna Bio, Inc., Athens, GA, United States
| | - Holly A Kinder
- Regenerative Bioscience Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States.,Department of Animal and Dairy Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States.,Biomedical and Health Sciences Institute Neuroscience Program, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Franklin D West
- Regenerative Bioscience Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States.,Department of Animal and Dairy Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States.,Biomedical and Health Sciences Institute Neuroscience Program, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
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5
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Wada M, Hasegawa D, Hamamoto Y, Yu Y, Asada R, Fujiwara-Igarashi A, Fujita M. Comparison of Canine and Feline Meningiomas Using the Apparent Diffusion Coefficient and Fractional Anisotropy. Front Vet Sci 2021; 7:614026. [PMID: 33506001 PMCID: PMC7829344 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.614026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Meningiomas are the most common intracranial tumor in dogs and cats, and their surgical resection is often performed because they are present on the brain surface. Typical meningiomas show comparatively characteristic magnetic resonance imaging findings that lead to clinical diagnosis; however, it is necessary to capture not only macroscopic changes but also microstructural changes to devise a strategy for surgical resection and/or quality of removal. To visualize such microstructural changes, diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) have been used in human medicine. The aim of this retrospective study was to investigate the different characteristics of the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) from DWI and fractional anisotropy (FA) from DTI of meningioma between dogs and cats. Statistical analyses were performed to compare ADC and FA values between the intratumoral or peritumoral regions and normal-appearing white matter (NAWM) among 13 dogs (13 lesions, but 12 each in ADC and FA analysis) and six cats (seven lesions). The NAWM of cats had a significantly lower ADC and higher FA compared to dogs. Therefore, for a comparison between dogs and cats, we used ADC and FA ratios that were calculated by dividing the subject (intra- or peritumoral) ADC and FA values by those of NAWM on the contralateral side. Regarding the intratumoral region, feline meningiomas showed a significantly lower ADC ratio and higher FA ratio than canine meningiomas. This study suggested that ADC and FA may be able to distinguish a meningioma that is solid and easy to detach, like as typical feline meningiomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masae Wada
- Laboratory of Veterinary Radiology, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Musashino, Japan.,ORM Co.Ltd., Saitama, Japan
| | - Daisuke Hasegawa
- Laboratory of Veterinary Radiology, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Musashino, Japan.,The Research Center for Animal Life Science, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Musashino, Japan
| | - Yuji Hamamoto
- Laboratory of Veterinary Radiology, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Musashino, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Yu
- Laboratory of Veterinary Radiology, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Musashino, Japan
| | - Rikako Asada
- Laboratory of Veterinary Radiology, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Musashino, Japan
| | - Aki Fujiwara-Igarashi
- Laboratory of Veterinary Radiology, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Musashino, Japan
| | - Michio Fujita
- Laboratory of Veterinary Radiology, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Musashino, Japan
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6
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Minato S, Cherubini GB, Della Santa D, Salvadori S, Baroni M. Incidence and type of brain herniation associated with intracranial meningioma in dogs and cats. J Vet Med Sci 2020; 83:267-273. [PMID: 33342961 PMCID: PMC7972881 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.20-0111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of brain herniation (BH) in association with intracranial meningioma (ICM)
in dogs and cats is poorly described. The aim of this study was to evaluate the rate and
type of brain herniations in client-owned dogs and cats with ICMs and to determine the
meningioma volume (MV) relative to cranial cavity volume (CCV). A retrospective magnetic
resonance imaging (MRI) analysis study of 24 cats and 45 dogs with ICMs was conducted to
ascertain the presence and characteristics of BH. MV and CCV were measured and their ratio
was calculated for each animal. Correlations of MV/CCV with independent variables were
analyzed. BH was encountered in 24/24 cats (100%) and 30/45 dogs (66.7%) with ICMs. In
cats, the most frequent presentation was foramenal herniation (FMH; 23/24, 95.8%),
followed by caudotentorial (CTH; 21/24, 87.5%) and subfalcine (SH; 18/24, 75.0%)
herniation. In dogs, the most frequent presentation was SH (28/45; 62.2%), followed by CTH
(9/45; 20%) and FMH (2/45; 4.4%). Relative to dogs, cats with ICM had greater incidences
of FMH (P<0.001) and CTH (P<0.001). Mean MV/CCV
ratio was higher in cats (0.098) than in dogs (0.038; P<0.001). The
most common clinical sign of ICM was altered behavior in cats (43%,
P<0.01) and seizures in dogs (74.4%, P<0.001). In
conclusion, cats were found to be more likely than dogs to present FMH and CTH, with a
proportionally greater neoplasia volume.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Minato
- Valdinievole Veterinary Clinic, Via C. Nigra 123, 51015, Monsummano Terme, PT, Italy
| | - Giunio B Cherubini
- Dick White Referrals, Station Farm, London Road, Six Mile Bottom, Cambridgeshire CB8 0UH, UK
| | | | - Stefano Salvadori
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, Via G. Moruzzi 1, 56124, Pisa, PI, Italy
| | - Massimo Baroni
- Valdinievole Veterinary Clinic, Via C. Nigra 123, 51015, Monsummano Terme, PT, Italy
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7
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Giannasi S, Kani Y, Hsu F, Rossmeisl JH. Comparison of direct measurement of intracranial pressures and presumptive clinical and magnetic resonance imaging indicators of intracranial hypertension in dogs with brain tumors. J Vet Intern Med 2020; 34:1514-1523. [PMID: 32415794 PMCID: PMC7379039 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.15802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intracranial hypertension (ICH) is often presumptively diagnosed based on clinical or imaging findings. Clinical or imaging surrogates of ICH are not usually validated with reference standard direct intracranial pressure (dICP) recordings. HYPOTHESES Dogs with brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or clinical features of presumed ICH would have higher dICP than dogs lacking those features. ANIMALS Twenty dogs with gliomas and 3 normal controls. METHODS Prospective, convenience study. Dogs were presumptively categorized with normal ICP or ICH from scores generated from described clinical and brain MRI indicators of ICH. dICP was recorded in anesthetized dogs using an intraparenchymal microsensor and compared between groups. RESULTS dICP was not different between control (10.4 ± 2.1 mm Hg) and dogs with glioma (15.6 ± 8.3 mm Hg), or between dogs in clinically predicted ICP groups. Compared with dogs with MRI-predicted normal ICP, MRI-predicted ICH dogs had higher dICP (10.3 ± 4.1 versus 19.2 ± 7.9 mm Hg, P = .004), larger tumors (1.45 ± 1.2 versus 5.71 ± 3.03 cm3 , P = .0004), larger optic nerve sheath diameters, and 14/14 (100%) displayed structural anatomical shifts on MRI. At a dICP threshold of 15 mm Hg, the sensitivity of MRI for predicting ICH was 90% and the specificity 69%. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE dICP measurements are feasible in dogs with brain tumors. MRI features including brain herniations, mass effect, and optic nerve size aid in the identification of dogs with ICH. Clinical estimation of ICP did not discriminate between dogs with and without ICH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Savannah Giannasi
- Veterinary and Comparative Neuro‐Oncology LaboratoryVirginia‐Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia TechBlacksburgVirginiaUSA
| | - Yukitaka Kani
- Veterinary and Comparative Neuro‐Oncology LaboratoryVirginia‐Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia TechBlacksburgVirginiaUSA
| | - Fang‐Chi Hsu
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, Comprehensive Cancer Center and Brain Tumor Center of ExcellenceWake Forest School of MedicineWinston‐SalemNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - John H. Rossmeisl
- Veterinary and Comparative Neuro‐Oncology LaboratoryVirginia‐Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia TechBlacksburgVirginiaUSA
- Department of Cancer Biology, Comprehensive Cancer Center and Brain Tumor Center of ExcellenceWake Forest School of MedicineWinston‐SalemNorth CarolinaUSA
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8
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Evangelisti MA, Deiana R, Melosu V, Burrai GP, Ballocco I, Varcasia A, Scala A, Manunta ML. Relationships among neuroscore, magnetic resonance imaging features, and intracranial pressure in sheep affected by slow-growing brain lesions. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2017; 59:305-311. [DOI: 10.1111/vru.12589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Revised: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Roberta Deiana
- Department of Veterinary Medicine; University of Sassari; Sassari Italy
| | - Valentino Melosu
- Department of Veterinary Medicine; University of Sassari; Sassari Italy
| | | | - Isabella Ballocco
- Department of Veterinary Medicine; University of Sassari; Sassari Italy
| | - Antonio Varcasia
- Department of Veterinary Medicine; University of Sassari; Sassari Italy
| | - Antonio Scala
- Department of Veterinary Medicine; University of Sassari; Sassari Italy
| | - Maria L. Manunta
- Department of Veterinary Medicine; University of Sassari; Sassari Italy
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9
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Sasaoka K, Nakamura K, Osuga T, Morita T, Yokoyama N, Morishita K, Sasaki N, Ohta H, Takiguchi M. Transcranial Doppler Ultrasound Examination in Dogs with Suspected Intracranial Hypertension Caused by Neurologic Diseases. J Vet Intern Med 2017; 32:314-323. [PMID: 29265506 PMCID: PMC5787153 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.14900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Revised: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Transcranial Doppler ultrasound examination (TCD) is a rapid, noninvasive technique used to evaluate cerebral blood flow and is useful for the detection of intracranial hypertension in humans. However, the clinical usefulness of TCD in diagnosing intracranial hypertension has not been demonstrated for intracranial diseases in dogs. Objectives To determine the association between the TCD variables and intracranial hypertension in dogs with intracranial diseases. Animals Fifty client‐owned dogs with neurologic signs. Methods Cross‐sectional study. All dogs underwent TCD of the basilar artery under isoflurane anesthesia after magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Dogs were classified into 3 groups based on MRI findings: no structural diseases (group I), structural disease without MRI evidence of intracranial hypertension (group II), and structural disease with MRI evidence of intracranial hypertension (group III). The TCD vascular resistance variables (resistive index [RI], pulsatility index [PI], and the ratio of systolic to diastolic mean velocity [Sm/Dm]) were measured. Results Fifteen, 22, and 13 dogs were classified into groups I, II, and III, respectively. Dogs in group III had significantly higher Sm/Dm (median, 1.78; range, 1.44–2.58) than those in group I (median, 1.63; range, 1.43–1.75) and group II (median, 1.62; range, 1.27–2.10). No significant differences in RI and PI were identified among groups. Conclusions and Clinical Importance Our findings suggest that increased Sm/Dm is associated with MRI findings of suspected intracranial hypertension in dogs with intracranial diseases and that TCD could be a useful tool to help to diagnose intracranial hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Sasaoka
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - K Nakamura
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - T Osuga
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - T Morita
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - N Yokoyama
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - K Morishita
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - N Sasaki
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - H Ohta
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - M Takiguchi
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
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10
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Ishikawa C, Ito D, Kitagawa M, Watari T. Comparison of conventional magnetic resonance imaging and nonenhanced three dimensional time-of-flight magnetic resonance angiography findings between dogs with meningioma and dogs with intracranial histiocytic sarcoma: 19 cases (2010-2014). J Am Vet Med Assoc 2017; 248:1139-47. [PMID: 27135670 DOI: 10.2460/javma.248.10.1139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare conventional MRI and nonenhanced 3-D time-of-flight (TOF) magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) findings between dogs with meningioma and dogs with intracranial histiocytic sarcoma (IHS). DESIGN Retrospective case series. ANIMALS 14 dogs with meningioma and 5 dogs with IHS. PROCEDURES Medical records of dogs with meningioma or IHS that were examined at a tertiary veterinary hospital from 2010 through 2014 and underwent 3-D TOF MRA in conjunction with conventional MRI were reviewed. Findings for conventional MRI and 3-D TOF MRA were compared between the 2 groups of dogs to evaluate whether there were any characteristics that could be used to differentiate meningioma from IHS. RESULTS Tumor type was significantly associated with signal intensity on conventional T2-weighted and fluid-attenuated inversion recovery MRI images; most meningiomas were hyperintense, and most IHSs were isointense or hypointense on those images. Tumor type was not associated with signal uniformity, tumor location, tumor origin, or the presence of edema, midline shift, or brain herniation. On MRA, blood vessels adjacent to the tumor were identified and characterized for 9 of 14 dogs with meningioma and all 5 dogs with IHS. Vessels adjacent to meningiomas were displaced in 8 of 9 dogs, whereas vessels adjacent to IHSs were not displaced. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results indicated nonenhanced 3-D TOF MRA findings provided additional information that can be assessed in conjunction with conventional MRI findings to help differentiate meningiomas from IHSs in dogs.
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11
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Lewis MJ, Olby NJ, Early PJ, Mariani CL, Muñana KR, Seiler GS, Griffith EH. Clinical and Diagnostic Imaging Features of Brain Herniation in Dogs and Cats. J Vet Intern Med 2016; 30:1672-1680. [PMID: 27616749 PMCID: PMC5032863 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.14526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2015] [Revised: 05/19/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Quantification of brain herniation on MRI and its immediate clinical implications are poorly described. Objectives Define the normal position of caudal fossa structures on brain MRIs in dogs and cats utilizing morphometry, compare this to dogs and cats with caudal transtentorial herniation (CTH), foramen magnum herniation (FMH) or both identified on MRI, and investigate associations between herniation severity, clinical signs, and 24‐hour outcome. Animals Ninety‐two controls (66 dogs, 26 cats), 119 cases with herniation (88 dogs, 31 cats). Methods Retrospective case series. The MRI database was searched for controls with normal brain anatomy and cases with brain herniation. Morphometry in controls established TTX (transtentorial to rostroventral cerebellum) to quantify CTH and FMX (caudoventral cerebellum to foramen magnum) to quantify FMH. Measurements were compared between cases and controls. Correlations with specific clinical variables and outcome were investigated. Results Measurements in medium/large control dogs versus small dog and cat controls were significantly different (P < .001, TTX: −0.46, −0.305, −0.3, FMX: 0.695, 0.27, 0.25, respectively). 119/1564 (7.6%) cases that underwent brain imaging had brain herniation. TTX and FMX were significantly different between controls and cases with CTH or FMH (P < .001). 67/89 (75%) cases with supratentorial lesions had no signs directly attributable to herniation. 71/119 (60%) had a normal anesthetic recovery. TTX was significantly associated with 24‐hour survival (P < .001). Conclusions and clinical importance Brain herniation can be quantified on MRI. Clinical signs directly attributable to brain herniation commonly are absent, and more severe CTH based on TTX is associated with a worse short‐term outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Lewis
- College of Veterinary Medicine, NCSU, Raleigh, NC.,Comparative Medicine Institute, NCSU, Raleigh, NC
| | - N J Olby
- College of Veterinary Medicine, NCSU, Raleigh, NC. .,Comparative Medicine Institute, NCSU, Raleigh, NC.
| | - P J Early
- College of Veterinary Medicine, NCSU, Raleigh, NC
| | - C L Mariani
- College of Veterinary Medicine, NCSU, Raleigh, NC.,Comparative Medicine Institute, NCSU, Raleigh, NC
| | - K R Muñana
- College of Veterinary Medicine, NCSU, Raleigh, NC
| | - G S Seiler
- College of Veterinary Medicine, NCSU, Raleigh, NC
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Wada M, Hasegawa D, Hamamoto Y, Asai A, Shouji A, Chambers J, Uchida K, Fujita M. A canine case with cystic meningioma showing miraculous reduction of the cystic lesion. J Vet Med Sci 2015; 78:101-4. [PMID: 26256491 PMCID: PMC4751124 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.15-0116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A 12-year-old spayed female Labrador retriever was presented with forebrain
signs. Brain MRI revealed a huge cystic lesion with the thickened falx in the frontal
region. The brain parenchyma surrounding the lesion showed significant signs of a mass
effect and also increased intracranial pressure. However, the dog suddenly became lucid
after about two weeks, and an MRI scan one month after the initial study revealed a
dramatically shrunken cystic lesion. The dog survived for over a year until it was
euthanized for other reasons, and the brain lesion was diagnosed as a cystic meningioma
histologically. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first report that described the
reduction of the cystic lesion of a cystic meningioma in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masae Wada
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Tokyo 180-8601, Japan
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Trevail R, Behr S. Differential diagnoses and treatment of cervical syndrome or neck pain. IN PRACTICE 2014. [DOI: 10.1136/inp.g4953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Bittermann S, Lang J, Henke D, Howard J, Gorgas D. Magnetic resonance imaging signs of presumed elevated intracranial pressure in dogs. Vet J 2014; 201:101-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2014.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2013] [Revised: 03/17/2014] [Accepted: 04/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Schwartz M, Lamb CR, Brodbelt DC, Volk HA. Canine intracranial neoplasia: clinical risk factors for development of epileptic seizures. J Small Anim Pract 2011; 52:632-7. [PMID: 21954970 DOI: 10.1111/j.1748-5827.2011.01131.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To identify clinical risk factors for seizures in dogs with intracranial neoplasia. METHODS A cross-sectional retrospective study of 68 dogs with histopathologically confirmed primary or secondary intracranial neoplasia, complete clinical history and magnetic resonance imaging of the brain was conducted. Signalment and clinical history were retrieved from clinical records and magnetic resonance images of the brain were re-evaluated. Prevalence of findings was compared between dogs with and without seizures. RESULTS Forty-two dogs had tumour-related seizures, the remaining 26 were seizure-free. Tumour types included meningioma (23 dogs with and 5 without seizures), glioma (9 dogs with and 6 without seizures), choroid plexus tumour (2 dogs without seizures), neuroblastoma (1 dog with seizures) and metastatic/invasive tumours including lymphoma (9 dogs with and 13 without seizures). On the basis of multi-variable logistic regression analysis, risk factors for seizures associated with intracranial neoplasia were magnetic resonance imaging findings consistent with the presence of neoplastic tissue in frontal lobe [odds ratio (OR) 9·61; 95% confidence interval (CI) 2·59 to 35·61], marked gadolinium enhancement (OR 10·41; 95% CI 2·07 to 52·30) and magnetic resonance imaging findings of subfalcine and/or subtentorial herniation (OR 3·88; 95% CI 1·10 to 13·71). CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Dogs with primary or secondary intracranial neoplasia are at risk of seizures, particularly those with tumours that affect the frontal lobe, enhance markedly with gadolinium, or cause subfalcine and/or subtentorial herniation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Schwartz
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield, Hertfordshire AL9 7TA
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Hecht S, Adams WH, Smith JR, Thomas WB. Clinical and Imaging Findings in Five Dogs with Intracranial Blastomycosis (Blastomyces dermatiditis). J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 2011; 47:241-9. [DOI: 10.5326/jaaha-ms-5573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Fungal infections affecting the central nervous system are rare. The purpose of this study was to describe clinical and imaging findings in dogs with intracranial blastomycosis (Blastomyces dermatiditis). The radiology database was searched retrospectively for patients with a diagnosis of intracranial blastomycosis which had computed tomography performed as part of their diagnostic work-up. Medical records and imaging studies were reviewed. Five dogs met the inclusion criteria. Major presenting complaints were stertor/nasal discharge (n=2), exophthalmos (n=1), and seizures (n=2). Clinical and laboratory findings were variable. Computed tomographic examination revealed a single contrast-enhancing intra-axial mass (n=1), a nasal mass disrupting the cribriform plate (n=3), and an intracranial mass extending into the orbit and nasal cavity (n=1). Findings in intracranial blastomycosis in dogs are variable, and the disease may mimic other inflammatory disorders or neoplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silke Hecht
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN (S.H., W.A., W.T.); and Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA (J.S.)
| | - William H. Adams
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN (S.H., W.A., W.T.); and Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA (J.S.)
| | - Joanne R. Smith
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN (S.H., W.A., W.T.); and Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA (J.S.)
| | - William B. Thomas
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN (S.H., W.A., W.T.); and Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA (J.S.)
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YOUNG BENJAMIND, LEVINE JONATHANM, PORTER BRIANF, CHEN-ALLEN ANNIEV, ROSSMEISL JOHNH, PLATT SIMONR, KENT MARC, FOSGATE GEOFFREYT, SCHATZBERG SCOTTJ. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING FEATURES OF INTRACRANIAL ASTROCYTOMAS AND OLIGODENDROGLIOMAS IN DOGS. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2010; 52:132-41. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1740-8261.2010.01758.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Hecht S, Adams WH. MRI of Brain Disease in Veterinary Patients Part 1: Basic Principles and Congenital Brain Disorders. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 2010; 40:21-38. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cvsm.2009.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Di Terlizzi R, Platt SR. The function, composition and analysis of cerebrospinal fluid in companion animals: Part II – Analysis. Vet J 2009; 180:15-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2007.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2006] [Revised: 11/22/2007] [Accepted: 11/25/2007] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Strain GM. Indicators of brain mass-induced herniation. Vet J 2005; 172:198-9. [PMID: 16246608 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2005.08.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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