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Linder J, Mehra J, Miller S, Lewis MJ, Bentley RT, Thomovsky S. Use of levetiracetam for the successful treatment of suspected myoclonic seizures: five dogs (2016-2022). J Small Anim Pract 2024. [PMID: 38566458 DOI: 10.1111/jsap.13719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Myoclonic seizures are considered a type of generalised seizure characterised by brief, jerking movements of the body. The aim of this study is to describe cases of suspected canine myoclonic seizure of idiopathic aetiology and to discuss the successful use of the anticonvulsant levetiracetam as treatment in each of these cases. MATERIALS AND METHODS Dogs with epileptic myoclonus suspected to be idiopathic in aetiology were considered for inclusion. Medical records were reviewed for physical and neurologic examination findings, clinicopathologic results, and diagnostic imaging results. All included dogs were treated with levetiracetam, and their response was reported. RESULTS Five dogs were included, all of which had suspected myoclonic seizures either observed in-person or on video recording by a board-certified veterinary neurologist. The duration of myoclonic seizures preceding treatment ranged from one day to one year. One dog also experienced a generalised tonic-clonic seizure. All dogs were treated with levetiracetam. Two dogs experienced long-term myoclonic seizure freedom (duration seizure-free of at least 1 year), and two dogs experienced marked decreased myoclonic seizure frequency. One dog experienced immediate abatement of myoclonic seizures, although levetiracetam was only utilised for 1 month following onset of myoclonic seizures in this patient. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Myoclonic seizures can be idiopathic in aetiology. Levetiracetam can be used effectively to rapidly stop myoclonic seizures and to decrease the frequency of myoclonic seizures.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Linder
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - J Mehra
- VCA Animal Care Center of Sonoma County, Rohnert Park, CA, USA
| | - S Miller
- TruVet Specialty and Emergency Hospital, Petaluma, CA, USA
| | - M J Lewis
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - R T Bentley
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - S Thomovsky
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
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Lewis MJ. Electrodiagnostic testing in dogs with disorders of the spinal cord or cauda equina. Vet J 2024; 304:106082. [PMID: 38360137 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2024.106082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Electrodiagnostic (EDX) testing is uncommonly utilized in dogs other than for investigation of disorders of the neuromuscular system. In dogs with diseases affecting the spinal cord or cauda equina, EDX testing can provide functional data complementary to imaging information that together can guide therapeutic and management approaches. Additionally, in some clinical scenarios, EDX testing prior to advanced imaging is integral to identifying if there is spinal cord or cauda equina involvement and can aid in determining the appropriate diagnostic path. This review will outline EDX testing methods that have been reported in dogs relating to the diagnosis, monitoring or prognosis of various conditions affecting the spinal cord and cauda equina. The various tests will be briefly outlined regarding how they are performed and what information is provided. The main focus will be on clinical applications including highlighting situations where EDX testing is useful for differentiating between neurologic and non-neurologic presentations. Additional ways these EDX techniques could be incorporated in the management of diseases of the spinal cord and cauda equina in dogs will be presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Lewis
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 1060 William Moore Dr, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA.
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Lewis MJ, Thomovsky SA, Moore GE. Adaptation of land treadmill scoring system for underwater treadmill in dogs with thoracolumbar intervertebral disc extrusion. Vet J 2023; 300-302:106039. [PMID: 37865155 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2023.106039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023]
Abstract
The underwater treadmill (UWTM) is utilized in dogs recovering from thoracolumbar intervertebral disc extrusion (TL-IVDE). Gait scoring is validated for dogs with TL-IVDE walking on the land treadmill (LT) but has not been reported for the UWTM. Our objective was to investigate if LT gait analysis could be applied to the UWTM and if non-ambulatory dogs walking unassisted on the UWTM, at a standardized water level, would be more likely to generate gait scores compared to on the LT. This was a prospective, observational study in dogs with TL-IVDE managed surigcally. At 0, 2, 4, 8 and 12 weeks post-operatively, paired video footage of dogs walking on the LT and UWTM (water level at the greater trochanter) was used to generate 0-100 stepping (SS) and coordination (regularity index, RI) scores. Scores were compared between treadmill type and over time. Twenty dogs were enrolled and seventy-eight paired recordings were available for review. Median gait scores increased over time but did not differ by treadmill type (P = 0.262 for SS, P = 0.533 for RI). Combining SS and RI, more recordings received scores of 0 for the LT (n = 58/156; 37.2 %) compared to the UWTM (n = 44/156; 28.2 %; P = 0.043). Scores of 0, at visits when there was at least movement present at multiple joints, was more common on the LT (n = 11/108; 10.2 %) compared to the UWTM (n = 2/108, 1.9 %; P = 0.026). In dogs recovering from TL-IVDE, LT-based gait scoring was feasible in dogs walking on the UWTM and might complement other gait analysis methods, especially for non-ambulatory dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Lewis
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, 625 Harrison St., West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
| | - S A Thomovsky
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, 625 Harrison St., West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - G E Moore
- Department of Veterinary Administration, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, 625 Harrison St., West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
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Hong HP, Thomovsky SA, Lewis MJ, Bentley RT, Shelton GD. Clinical characteristics of non-infectious inflammatory myopathy in the boxer dog. J Small Anim Pract 2021; 62:765-774. [PMID: 34002872 DOI: 10.1111/jsap.13350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the clinical characteristics, treatment, outcome and potential association between non-infectious inflammatory myopathy and malignancy in boxer dogs. MATERIALS AND METHODS Boxer dogs histologically diagnosed with non-infectious inflammatory myopathy at the Comparative Neuromuscular Laboratory, University of California San Diego from 2010 to 2018 and with complete medical records were included in this retrospective study. Signalment, history, clinical signs, clinicopathologic findings, treatment and outcome were documented. RESULTS Twenty-eight boxer dogs with non-infectious inflammatory myopathy, aged 1 to 11 years, were included. Eighteen were male (16 neutered; two entire) and 10 were female (seven spayed; three entire). Clinical signs included generalised weakness (n=17), dysphagia (n=11) and weight loss (n=10). Serum creatine kinase activity was elevated in all 20 cases tested (range 908 to 138,000 IU/L). One dog had undifferentiated round cell neoplastic infiltration within the muscle at the time of inflammatory myopathy diagnosis. Five dogs historically had mast cell tumours and 21 dogs were not diagnosed with neoplasia prior, at the time of or after inflammatory myopathy diagnosis. Treatment included glucocorticoid monotherapy (n=12), cyclosporine monotherapy (n=1) or multiple immune-suppressive medications (n=14). Six dogs neurologically improved, 11 improved but relapsed while on treatment, seven did not improve. Eight dogs were euthanased, one died, four were lost to follow-up. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Boxer dogs with non-infectious inflammatory myopathy can present for generalised weakness and dysphagia; long-term successful outcome is uncommon. The relationship between neoplasia and non-infectious inflammatory myopathy in boxer dogs remains unclear; future prospective studies evaluating a larger cohort are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- H P Hong
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - S A Thomovsky
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - M J Lewis
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - R T Bentley
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - G D Shelton
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
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Rivellese F, Humby F, Bugatti S, Fossati‐Jimack L, Rizvi H, Lucchesi D, Lliso‐Ribera G, Nerviani A, Hands RE, Giorli G, Frias B, Thorborn G, Jaworska E, John C, Goldmann K, Lewis MJ, Manzo A, Bombardieri M, Pitzalis C. B Cell Synovitis and Clinical Phenotypes in Rheumatoid Arthritis: Relationship to Disease Stages and Drug Exposure. Arthritis Rheumatol 2020; 72:714-725. [PMID: 31785084 PMCID: PMC7217046 DOI: 10.1002/art.41184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To define the relationship of synovial B cells to clinical phenotypes at different stages of disease evolution and drug exposure in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). METHODS Synovial biopsy specimens and demographic and clinical data were collected from 2 RA cohorts (n = 329), one of patients with untreated early RA (n = 165) and one of patients with established RA with an inadequate response to tumor necrosis factor inhibitors (TNFi-IR; n = 164). Synovial tissue was subjected to hematoxylin and eosin and immunohistochemical staining and semiquantitative assessment for the degree of synovitis (on a scale of 0-9) and of CD20+ B cell infiltrate (on a scale of 0-4). B cell scores were validated by digital image analysis and B cell lineage-specific transcript analysis (RNA-Seq) in the early RA (n = 91) and TNFi-IR (n = 127) cohorts. Semiquantitative CD20 scores were used to classify patients as B cell rich (≥2) or B cell poor (<2). RESULTS Semiquantitative B cell scores correlated with digital image analysis quantitative measurements and B cell lineage-specific transcripts. B cell-rich synovitis was present in 35% of patients in the early RA cohort and 47.7% of patients in the TNFi-IR cohort (P = 0.025). B cell-rich patients showed higher levels of disease activity and seropositivity for rheumatoid factor and anti-citrullinated protein antibody in early RA but not in established RA, while significantly higher histologic synovitis scores in B cell-rich patients were demonstrated in both cohorts. CONCLUSION We describe a robust semiquantitative histologic B cell score that closely replicates the quantification of B cells by digital or molecular analyses. Our findings indicate an ongoing B cell-rich synovitis, which does not seem to be captured by standard clinimetric assessment, in a larger proportion of patients with established RA than early RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- F. Rivellese
- Barts and The London School of Medicine and DentistryQueen Mary University of LondonLondonUK
| | - F. Humby
- Barts and The London School of Medicine and DentistryQueen Mary University of LondonLondonUK
| | - S. Bugatti
- IRCCSPoliclinico San Matteo Foundation and University of PaviaPaviaItaly
| | - L. Fossati‐Jimack
- Barts and The London School of Medicine and DentistryQueen Mary University of LondonLondonUK
| | | | - D. Lucchesi
- Barts and The London School of Medicine and DentistryQueen Mary University of LondonLondonUK
| | - G. Lliso‐Ribera
- Barts and The London School of Medicine and DentistryQueen Mary University of LondonLondonUK
| | - A. Nerviani
- Barts and The London School of Medicine and DentistryQueen Mary University of LondonLondonUK
| | - R. E. Hands
- Barts and The London School of Medicine and DentistryQueen Mary University of LondonLondonUK
| | - G. Giorli
- Barts and The London School of Medicine and DentistryQueen Mary University of LondonLondonUK
| | - B. Frias
- Barts and The London School of Medicine and DentistryQueen Mary University of LondonLondonUK
| | - G. Thorborn
- Barts and The London School of Medicine and DentistryQueen Mary University of LondonLondonUK
| | - E. Jaworska
- Barts and The London School of Medicine and DentistryQueen Mary University of LondonLondonUK
| | - C. John
- Barts and The London School of Medicine and DentistryQueen Mary University of LondonLondonUK
| | - K. Goldmann
- Barts and The London School of Medicine and DentistryQueen Mary University of LondonLondonUK
| | - M. J. Lewis
- Barts and The London School of Medicine and DentistryQueen Mary University of LondonLondonUK
| | - A. Manzo
- IRCCSPoliclinico San Matteo Foundation and University of PaviaPaviaItaly
| | - M. Bombardieri
- Barts and The London School of Medicine and DentistryQueen Mary University of LondonLondonUK
| | - C. Pitzalis
- Barts and The London School of Medicine and DentistryQueen Mary University of LondonLondonUK
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McNarry MA, Lewis MJ, Wade N, Davies GA, Winn C, Eddolls WTB, Stratton GS, Mackintosh KA. Effect of asthma and six-months high-intensity interval training on heart rate variability during exercise in adolescents. J Sports Sci 2019; 37:2228-2235. [PMID: 31164059 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2019.1626115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Little is known regarding the influence of asthma and exercise, and their interaction, on heart rate variability (HRV) in adolescents. Thirty-one adolescents with asthma (13.7±0.9 years; 21.9±3.9 kg·m-2; 19 boys, 12 girls) and thirty-three healthy adolescents (13.8±0.9 years; 20.3±3.2 kg·m-2; 16 boys, 17 girls) completed an incremental ramp test and three heavy-intensity constant-work-rate cycle tests. Thirteen adolescents (7 boys, 6 girls; 6 asthma, 7 control) completed six-months high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and were compared to age- and sex-matched controls. Standard time-domain, frequency-domain and non-linear indices of HRV were derived at baseline, three- and six-months. Asthma did not influence HRV at baseline or following HIIT. Total power, low frequency and normalised low frequency power, and sympathovagal balance increased at three-months in HIIT, subsequently declining towards baseline at six-months. Normalised high frequency power was reduced at three-months in both groups, which was sustained at six-months. No effects of HIIT were observed in the time-domain nor in the non-linear indices. HRV was not influenced by asthma, potentially because such derangements are a function of disease progression, severity or duration. HIIT may be associated with a short-term shift towards greater sympathetic predominance during exercise, perhaps caused by physiological overload and fatigue.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A McNarry
- a Applied Sports Technology Exercise and Medicine Research Centre, Swansea University , Swansea , UK
| | - M J Lewis
- a Applied Sports Technology Exercise and Medicine Research Centre, Swansea University , Swansea , UK
| | | | - G A Davies
- b Swansea University Medical School, Singleton Campus, Swansea University , Swansea , UK
| | - Con Winn
- a Applied Sports Technology Exercise and Medicine Research Centre, Swansea University , Swansea , UK.,b Swansea University Medical School, Singleton Campus, Swansea University , Swansea , UK
| | - W T B Eddolls
- a Applied Sports Technology Exercise and Medicine Research Centre, Swansea University , Swansea , UK
| | - G S Stratton
- a Applied Sports Technology Exercise and Medicine Research Centre, Swansea University , Swansea , UK
| | - K A Mackintosh
- a Applied Sports Technology Exercise and Medicine Research Centre, Swansea University , Swansea , UK
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7
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Affiliation(s)
- A. B. West
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis, California
| | - M. J. Lewis
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis, California
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Affiliation(s)
- G. M. Sega
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis, California
| | - M. J. Lewis
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis, California
| | - M. H. Woskow
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis, California
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9
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Affiliation(s)
- T. Fujii
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis, California
| | - M. J. Lewis
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis, California
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Affiliation(s)
- M. J. Lewis
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis, California
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11
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Affiliation(s)
- M. J. Lewis
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis
| | - H. J. Phaff
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis
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12
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Affiliation(s)
- H. A. Kuiper
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis, Calif. 95616
| | - A. N. Hagler
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis, Calif. 95616
| | - M. J. Lewis
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis, Calif. 95616
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13
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Affiliation(s)
- H. L. Wildenradt
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis, California
| | - M. J. Lewis
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis, California
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Wohleb R, Jennings WG, Lewis MJ. Some Observations on Trans-2-NonenaI in Beer as Determined by a Headspace Sampling Technique for Gas-Liquid Chromatography. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/00960845.1972.12005946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R. Wohleb
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis, Calif 95616
| | - W. G. Jennings
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis, Calif 95616
| | - M. J. Lewis
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis, Calif 95616
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15
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Hernandez-Pinerua JR, Lewis MJ. Reuse of Waste Yeast in Brewing. Journal of the American Society of Brewing Chemists 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/03610470.1976.12006189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - M. J. Lewis
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616
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Lewis MJ, Serbia JW. Aggregation of Protein and Precipitation by Polyphenol in Mashing. Journal of the American Society of Brewing Chemists 2018. [DOI: 10.1094/asbcj-42-0040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. J. Lewis
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis 95616
| | - J. W. Serbia
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis 95616
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Huston CK, Vie A, Lewis MJ. Differentiation of Robust and Morex Barley by Isozyme Electrophoresis. Journal of the American Society of Brewing Chemists 2018. [DOI: 10.1094/asbcj-46-0018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C. K. Huston
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis 95616
| | - A. Vie
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis 95616
| | - M. J. Lewis
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis 95616
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Patel PC, Lewis MJ. Influence of Growth Temperature on the Fatty Acid Composition of the Cytoplasmic Membrane of a Lager Yeast. Journal of the American Society of Brewing Chemists 2018. [DOI: 10.1094/asbcj-40-0026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P. C. Patel
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis 95616
| | - M. J. Lewis
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis 95616
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Lewis MJ, Poerwantaro WM. Release of Haze Material from the Cell Walls of Agitated Yeast. Journal of the American Society of Brewing Chemists 2018. [DOI: 10.1094/asbcj-49-0043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. J. Lewis
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616
| | - W. M. Poerwantaro
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616
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20
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan A. Langstaff
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis, CA
| | - J.-X. Guinard
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis, CA
| | - M. J. Lewis
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis, CA
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Huston CK, Oh SS, Lewis MJ. The Protein Character of Beer is Defined in the Brewhouse. Journal of the American Society of Brewing Chemists 2018. [DOI: 10.1094/asbcj-44-0040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Charles K. Huston
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616
| | - Sang-Suk Oh
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616
| | - M. J. Lewis
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616
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22
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Affiliation(s)
- M. J. Lewis
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis, 95616
| | - D. J. Muhleman
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis, 95616
| | - S. C. Krumland
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis, 95616
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Lewis MJ, Wahnon NN. Precipitation of Protein during Mashing: Evaluation of the Role of Calcium, Phosphate, and Mash pH. Journal of the American Society of Brewing Chemists 2018. [DOI: 10.1094/asbcj-42-0159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. J. Lewis
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis 95616
| | - N. Nelson Wahnon
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis 95616
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24
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Affiliation(s)
- P. F. Koszyk
- Dept. of Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616
| | - M. J. Lewis
- Dept. of Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616
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Lewis MJ, Krumland SC, Muhleman DJ. Dye-Binding Method for Measurement of Protein in Wort and Beer. Journal of the American Society of Brewing Chemists 2018. [DOI: 10.1094/asbcj-38-0037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. J. Lewis
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis 95616
| | - S. C. Krumland
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis 95616
| | - D. J. Muhleman
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis 95616
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26
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Affiliation(s)
- M. J. Lewis
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis 95616
| | - S. Ghiglieri
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis 95616
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27
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Affiliation(s)
- K. Norris
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616
| | - M. J. Lewis
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616
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Abstract
Mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) has been reproducibly shown to inhibit lymphocyte adhesion and penetration of endothelial cell surfaces. The mechanism is not yet elucidated. In vitro studies on the effects of MMF on cell adhesion molecules (CAM) using human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) have shown conflicting results. Different studies have independently shown that MMF increased, decreased or had no effect on intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM-1). Several studies suggest MMF may reduce the endothelial expression of E-selectin. Recent studies have been unable to replicate initial work, which suggested that MMF impaired glycosylation of lymphocyte CAM. The same studies concluded that MMF had no effect on the surface expression of lymphocyte CAM, but altered the binding ability of these molecules. ICAM-1/LFA-1 (lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1), VCAM-1/VLA-4 (very late antigen-4) and P-selectin/PSGL-1 (P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1) ligand pairs are most likely to be involved. Few in vivo and no conclusive human studies have been carried out. The literature relevant to cell adhesion molecules in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is reviewed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- MJ Lewis
- Lupus Research Unit, The Rayne Institute, St Thomas’ Hospital, London, UK
| | - D D'cruz
- Lupus Research Unit, The Rayne Institute, St Thomas’ Hospital, London, UK
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Abstract
Mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) has been reproducibly shown to inhibit lymphocyte adhesion and penetration of endothelial cell surfaces. The mechanism is not yet elucidated. In vitro studies on the effects of MMF on cell adhesion molecules (CAM) using human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) have shown conflicting results. Different studies have independently shown that MMF increased, decreased or had no effect on intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM-1). Several studies suggest MMF may reduce the endothelial expression of E-selectin. Recent studies have been unable to replicate initial work, which suggested that MMF impaired glycosylation of lymphocyte CAM. The same studies concluded that MMF had no effect on the surface expression of lymphocyte CAM, but altered the binding ability of these molecules. ICAM-1/LFA-1 (lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1), VCAM-1/VLA-4 (very late antigen-4) and P-selectin/PSGL-1 (P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1) ligand pairs are most likely to be involved. Few in vivo and no conclusive human studies have been carried out. The literature relevant to cell adhesion molecules in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is reviewed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Lewis
- The Rayne Institute, St Thomas' Hospital, London, UK.
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Lewis MJ, Olby NJ, Early PJ, Mariani CL, Muñana KR, Seiler GS, Griffith EH. Clinical and Diagnostic Imaging Features of Brain Herniation in Dogs and Cats. J Vet Intern Med 2016; 30:1672-1680. [PMID: 27616749 PMCID: PMC5032863 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.14526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2015] [Revised: 05/19/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Quantification of brain herniation on MRI and its immediate clinical implications are poorly described. Objectives Define the normal position of caudal fossa structures on brain MRIs in dogs and cats utilizing morphometry, compare this to dogs and cats with caudal transtentorial herniation (CTH), foramen magnum herniation (FMH) or both identified on MRI, and investigate associations between herniation severity, clinical signs, and 24‐hour outcome. Animals Ninety‐two controls (66 dogs, 26 cats), 119 cases with herniation (88 dogs, 31 cats). Methods Retrospective case series. The MRI database was searched for controls with normal brain anatomy and cases with brain herniation. Morphometry in controls established TTX (transtentorial to rostroventral cerebellum) to quantify CTH and FMX (caudoventral cerebellum to foramen magnum) to quantify FMH. Measurements were compared between cases and controls. Correlations with specific clinical variables and outcome were investigated. Results Measurements in medium/large control dogs versus small dog and cat controls were significantly different (P < .001, TTX: −0.46, −0.305, −0.3, FMX: 0.695, 0.27, 0.25, respectively). 119/1564 (7.6%) cases that underwent brain imaging had brain herniation. TTX and FMX were significantly different between controls and cases with CTH or FMH (P < .001). 67/89 (75%) cases with supratentorial lesions had no signs directly attributable to herniation. 71/119 (60%) had a normal anesthetic recovery. TTX was significantly associated with 24‐hour survival (P < .001). Conclusions and clinical importance Brain herniation can be quantified on MRI. Clinical signs directly attributable to brain herniation commonly are absent, and more severe CTH based on TTX is associated with a worse short‐term outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Lewis
- College of Veterinary Medicine, NCSU, Raleigh, NC.,Comparative Medicine Institute, NCSU, Raleigh, NC
| | - N J Olby
- College of Veterinary Medicine, NCSU, Raleigh, NC. .,Comparative Medicine Institute, NCSU, Raleigh, NC.
| | - P J Early
- College of Veterinary Medicine, NCSU, Raleigh, NC
| | - C L Mariani
- College of Veterinary Medicine, NCSU, Raleigh, NC.,Comparative Medicine Institute, NCSU, Raleigh, NC
| | - K R Muñana
- College of Veterinary Medicine, NCSU, Raleigh, NC
| | - G S Seiler
- College of Veterinary Medicine, NCSU, Raleigh, NC
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Abstract
The finite-time Lyapunov exponent (FTLE) technique has shown substantial success in analyzing incompressible flows by capturing the dynamics of coherent structures. Recent applications include river and ocean flow patterns, respiratory tract dynamics, and bio-inspired propulsors. In the present work, we extend FTLE to the compressible flow regime so that coherent structures, which travel at convective speeds, can be associated with waves traveling at acoustic speeds. This is particularly helpful in the study of jet acoustics. We first show that with a suitable choice of integration time interval, FTLE can extract wave dynamics from the velocity field. The integration time thus acts as a pseudo-filter separating coherent structures from waves. Results are confirmed by examining forward and backward FTLE coefficients for several simple, well-known acoustic fields. Next, we use this analysis to identify events associated with intermittency in jet noise pressure probe data. Although intermittent events are known to be dominant causes of jet noise, their direct source in the turbulent jet flow has remained unexplained. To this end, a Large-Eddy Simulation of a Mach 0.9 jet is subjected to FTLE to simultaneously examine, and thus expose, the causal relationship between coherent structures and the corresponding acoustic waves. Results show that intermittent events are associated with entrainment in the initial roll up region and emissive events downstream of the potential-core collapse. Instantaneous acoustic disturbances are observed to be primarily induced near the collapse of the potential core and continue propagating towards the far-field at the experimentally observed, approximately 30° angle relative to the jet axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- D R González
- Naval Surface Warfare Center IHEODTD, Indian Head, Maryland 20640-5035, USA
| | - R L Speth
- Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - D V Gaitonde
- Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - M J Lewis
- Institute for Defense Analyses, Washington, DC 20006, USA
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Baroreceptor sensitivity (BRS) refers to the magnitude of change in the heart rate in response to change in blood pressure (e.g. upon standing). The impact of regular antenatal exercise on maternal BRS is unclear. AIMS To determine whether supervised weekly exercise influences BRS, and to determine if posture and calculation method are important in antenatal BRS measurement. STUDY DESIGN AND SUBJECTS Eighty-one healthy pregnant women were randomly assigned to an exercise or control group. The exercise group attended weekly classes from the 20th week of pregnancy onwards. OUTCOME MEASURES Cardiovascular assessments (beat-to-beat blood pressure, heart rate) were performed at 12-16, 26-28, 34-36 weeks and 12 weeks following birth. BRS was calculated using two methods ("sequence" and "beat-to-beat"). RESULTS Fifty-one women (63%) completed the study. Mean BRS reduced progressively in all women (p < 0.025) and was lowest in those who exercised (0.046 < p < 0.002). Postnatal increases in BRS were independent of posture. Training-induced BRS (beat-to-beat) reduction occurred earlier than BRS (sequence), and only BRS (sequence) was affected by posture. Heart rate variability reduced with advancing gestation (p < 0.002) and was more pronounced in the exercise group (p < 0.029). CONCLUSIONS Weekly exercise exaggerated the reductions in BRS and HRV during pregnancy and is likely linked to diminished parasympathetic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- R E Carpenter
- a College of Engineering, Swansea University , Swansea , UK
| | - S J Emery
- b Department of Gynaecology , Singleton Hospital , Swansea , UK
| | - O Uzun
- c Department of Paediatric Cardiology , University Hospital of Wales , Cardiff , UK , and
| | - D Rassi
- d College of Health and Human Sciences, Swansea University , Swansea , UK
| | - M J Lewis
- a College of Engineering, Swansea University , Swansea , UK
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Carpenter RE, Emery SJ, Uzun O, Rassi D, Lewis MJ. Influence of antenatal physical exercise on heart rate variability and QT variability. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2016; 30:79-84. [PMID: 27023345 DOI: 10.3109/14767058.2016.1163541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We sought to characterise the influence of an antenatal exercise programme on ECG-derived cardiac variables. METHODS Fifity-one healthy pregnant women were recruited and randomly assigned (2 × 2×2 design) to an exercise group or a control group. Exercising groups attended weekly classes from the 20th week of pregnancy onwards. Cardiovascular assessments (heart rate variabiliy (HRV), QT, and the QT variability index (QTVI)) were performed at 12-16, 26-28, 34-36 weeks and 12 weeks following birth, during supine rest and exercise conditions. RESULTS Advancing gestation was associated with an increased maternal heart rate (p = 0.001), shorter QT interval (p = 0.003), diminished HRV (p = 0.002) and increased QTVI (p = 0.002). Each of these changes was reversed within 12 weeks postpartum (p < 0.004). The Exercise group displayed exaggerated changes for all variables (except QT) but only during supine rest in the third trimester (p < 0.029). CONCLUSION Advancing gestation is associated with a shift in HRV/QTVI towards values that have been associated with an elevated risk of arrhythmia. A 20-week exercise programme undertaken between mid and late pregnancy exaggerated these changes during rest in the third trimester of pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- R E Carpenter
- a College of Engineering, Swansea University , Swansea , UK
| | - S J Emery
- b Department of Gynaecology , Singleton Hospital , Swansea , UK
| | - O Uzun
- c Department of Paediatric Cardiology , University Hospital of Wales , Cardiff , UK , and
| | - D Rassi
- d College of Health and Human Sciences, Swansea University , Swansea , UK
| | - M J Lewis
- a College of Engineering, Swansea University , Swansea , UK
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Abstract
We share here our experience of recruiting pregnant women into an exercise intervention study. Recruitment challenges were anticipated owing to the study design, which required four hospital visits for cardiovascular assessment, a long-term (nine-month) commitment, and adherence to a 20-week exercise programme. Fifty-three women were assigned to one of three groups (no-exercise, land exercise or water exercise) using a 2 × 2 × 2 flexible randomisation design. Seven hundred forty-four women were screened at an antenatal clinic, of whom 501 were eligible to participate in the study. One hundred forty-five women were subsequently approached: 46 (32%) of whom agreed to participate, 42 (29%) were interested but then declined and 57 (39%) declined outright. Our study design helped recruit pregnant women as it allowed them some choice of group membership. We also noted that the participant-researcher relationship is important in reducing attrition. Our experience provides indications of likely recruitment and attrition rates for future randomised controlled trials of this type.
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Affiliation(s)
- R E Carpenter
- a College of Engineering, Swansea University , UK.,b Abertawe Bro Morgannwg University Health Board , Swansea , UK
| | - S J Emery
- b Abertawe Bro Morgannwg University Health Board , Swansea , UK
| | - D Rassi
- c College of Health and Human Sciences, Swansea University , UK
| | - O Uzun
- a College of Engineering, Swansea University , UK.,d University Hospital of Wales , Cardiff , UK
| | - M J Lewis
- a College of Engineering, Swansea University , UK.,b Abertawe Bro Morgannwg University Health Board , Swansea , UK
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D'silva LA, Cardew A, Qasem L, Wilson RP, Lewis MJ. Relationships between oxygen uptake, dynamic body acceleration and heart rate in humans. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 2015; 55:1049-1057. [PMID: 24947810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
AIM Accurate estimation of energy expenditure (EE) is important in human and animal behavior analysis. Rate of oxygen consumption (VO2) reflects EE during aerobic metabolism but is not always convenient. Alternative methods include heart rate (HR) and overall dynamic body acceleration (ODBA). A favorable ODBA-VO2 relationship was recently reported but the strength of association between VO2, ODBA, HR and its variability (HRV) is less clear. METHOD Fifteen young (23±4 years) healthy males of similar aerobic fitness (maximal oxygen uptake, VO2max=49.7±8.5 mL·kg(-1)·min(-1)) carried out progressive maximal exercise. ODBA, HRV and V̇O2 were recorded continuously. Relationships between ODBA, HRV and V̇O2 were explored using regression methods. RESULTS VO2 was strongly related to ODBA and RR during walking (R=0.45,0.30; P<5x10(-5)) and running (R=0.60,0.38; P<5x10(-5)). HRV was related to VO2 during walking only (R=0.11-0.26; 0.005<P<5x10(-5)). A strong ODBA-RR relationship during walking (R=0.45; P<5x10(-5)) was diminished during running (R=0.25; P<5x10(-5)). CONCLUSION ODBA is a stronger proxy for EE than RR or HRV, especially during running gaits. HRV is weakly related to EE and cannot be recommended for its estimation. ODBA and RR are relatively easily measured but careful attention to gait is imperative as it changes these relationships markedly.
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Affiliation(s)
- L A D'silva
- College of Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea, UK -
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Vyse S, Shields AM, Boeltz S, Leirer D, Gordon PA, Spector TD, Lehner PJ, Walczak H, Vyse TJ, Lewis MJ. A2.10 SLE associated UBE2L3haplotype modulates plasma cell differentiation via genotypic regulation of NF-κB. Ann Rheum Dis 2015. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2015-207259.45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Carpenter RE, D'Silva LA, Emery SJ, Uzun O, Rassi D, Lewis MJ. Changes in heart rate variability and QT variability during the first trimester of pregnancy. Physiol Meas 2015; 36:531-45. [PMID: 25690105 DOI: 10.1088/0967-3334/36/3/531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The risk of new-onset arrhythmia during pregnancy is high, presumably relating to changes in both haemodynamic and cardiac autonomic function. The ability to non-invasively assess an individual's risk of developing arrhythmia during pregnancy would therefore be clinically significant. We aimed to quantify electrocardiographic temporal characteristics during the first trimester of pregnancy and to compare these with non-pregnant controls. Ninety-nine pregnant women and sixty-three non-pregnant women underwent non-invasive cardiovascular and haemodynamic assessment during a protocol consisting of various physiological states (postural manoeurvres, light exercise and metronomic breathing). Variables measured included stroke volume, cardiac output, heart rate, heart rate variability, QT and QT variability and QTVI (a measure of the variability of QT relative to that of RR). Heart rate (p < 0.0005, p < 0.0005, p < 0.0005) and cardiac output (p = 0.043, p < 0.0005, p < 0.0005) were greater in pregnant women in all physiological states (respectively for the supine position, light exercise and metronomic breathing state), whilst stroke volume was lower in pregnancy only during the supine position (p < 0.0005). QTe (Q wave onset to T wave end) and QTa (T wave apex) were significantly shortened (p < 0.05) and QTeVI and QTaVI were increased in pregnancy in all physiological states (p < 0.0005). QT variability (p < 0.002) was greater in pregnant women during the supine position, whilst heart rate variability was reduced in pregnancy in all states (p < 0.0005). Early pregnancy is associated with substantial changes in heart rate variability, reflecting a reduction in parasympathetic tone and an increase in sympathetic activity. QTVI shifted to a less favourable value, reflecting a greater than normal amount of QT variability. QTVI appears to be a useful method for quantifying changes in QT variability relative to RR (or heart rate) variability, being sensitive not only to physiological state but also to gestational age. We support the use of non-invasive markers of cardiac electrical variability to evaluate the risk of arrhythmic events in pregnancy, and we recommend the use of multiple physiological states during the assessment protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- R E Carpenter
- College of Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
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Withers CA, Lewis MJ, Gosney MA, Methven L. Potential sources of mouth drying in beverages fortified with dairy proteins: A comparison of casein- and whey-rich ingredients. J Dairy Sci 2014; 97:1233-47. [PMID: 24440265 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2013-7273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2013] [Accepted: 11/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Oral nutritional supplement drinks (ONS) are beverages high in dairy proteins that are prescribed to individuals at risk of malnutrition. Consumption of ONS is poor in elderly care facilities, with patients commenting that the sensory attributes of these drinks reduce their enjoyment and willingness to consume. Mouth drying is an attribute of ONS found to build with repeated consumption, which may further limit liking of these products. This study investigated the sources of drying sensations by sequential profiling, with a trained sensory panel rating a range of model milk systems and ONS over repeated sips and during after-effects. Sequential profiling found that fortification of milk with both caseinate and whey protein concentrate significantly increased the perception of mouth drying over repeated consumption, increasing by between 35 and 85% over consumption of 40mL. Enrichment of ONS with either whey protein concentrate or milk protein concentrate to a total protein content of 8.7% (wt/wt) resulted in whey and casein levels of 4.3:4.4% and 1.7:7.0% respectively. The product higher in whey protein was substantially more mouth drying, implying that whey proteins may be the most important contributor to mouth drying in ONS. However, efforts to mask mouth drying of protein-fortified milk by increasing sweetness or fat level were unsuccessful at the levels tested. Increasing the viscosity of protein-fortified milk led to a small but significant reduction in mouth drying. However, this approach was not successful when tested within complete ONS. Further analysis is required into the mechanism of protein-derived mouth drying to mask negative sensations and improve the enjoyment and consumption of protein-rich ONS.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A Withers
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, RG6 6AP, United Kingdom
| | - M J Lewis
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, RG6 6AP, United Kingdom
| | - M A Gosney
- Clinical Health Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, RG1 5AQ, United Kingdom; The Royal Berkshire NHS Trust, Reading, RG1 5AN, United Kingdom
| | - L Methven
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, RG6 6AP, United Kingdom.
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Davies RJ, Sangle SR, Jordan NP, Aslam L, Lewis MJ, Wedgwood R, D'Cruz DP. Rituximab in the treatment of resistant lupus nephritis: therapy failure in rapidly progressive crescentic lupus nephritis. Lupus 2013; 22:574-82. [PMID: 23632989 DOI: 10.1177/0961203313483376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this paper is to report the clinical outcome of B cell depletion therapy in 18 patients with refractory lupus nephritis (LN). METHODS Eighteen patients received rituximab on an open-label basis with prospective evaluations. All patients had renal disease refractory to conventional immunosuppressive therapy, including intravenous cyclophosphamide (CyC). All patients fulfilled the revised ACR classification criteria for SLE. Rituximab was given as 2 × 1 g infusions with 500 mg iv CyC and 500 mg iv methylprednisolone, two weeks apart. Complete remission (CR) of nephritis at six months was defined as normal serum creatinine and serum albumin levels, inactive urine sediment, and proteinuria < 0.5 g/day; partial remission (PR) was defined as a ≥50% improvement in all renal parameters that were abnormal at baseline. Clinical response was assessed by the British Isles Lupus Assessment Group (BILAG) score pre- and post-rituximab treatment, and efficacy was recorded by extent and duration of B lymphocyte depletion (normal range 0.100-0.500 × 10(9)/l). Follow-up data were collected at six months, one year post-treatment and at the most recent clinic visit. RESULTS At six months, 11/18 patients reached renal CR and two of 18 PR. The mean global BILAG scores for responders decreased from 15 (SD 10) to 5 (SD 3), and a total of ten A scores disappeared. Five patients failed to show complete or partial renal response despite peripheral B lymphocyte count depletion, and progressed to end-stage renal failure (ESRF) and dialysis. Four of these patients had severe proliferative, crescentic nephritis, of whom three had Class IV-G, one Class III and one late membranous glomerulonephritis. One patient died six years after rituximab therapy from overwhelming sepsis while on long-term haemodialysis. CONCLUSION Rituximab therapy achieved a response in 13/18 patients with refractory LN. However, in patients with rapidly progressive crescentic LN, when there is already evidence of significant renal impairment, rituximab therapy may not prevent progression to ESRF and dialysis. Our data also suggest that severe Class IV-G LN may be associated with a poor response to therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- R J Davies
- Lupus Research Unit, The Rayne Institute, St Thomas' Hospital, London SE1 7EH, UK
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Pangborn RM, Lewis MJ, Yamashita JF. COMPARISON OF TIME-INTENSITY WITH CATEGORY SCALING OF BITTERNESS OF ISO-α-ACIDS IN MODEL SYSTEMS AND IN BEER*. Journal of the Institute of Brewing 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/j.2050-0416.1983.tb04201.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Lewis MJ, Kuiper HA. EFFECT OF GROWTH TEMPERATURE AND GLUCOSE ON THERMAL INJURY OF SACCHAROMYCES CARLSBERGENSIS. Journal of the Institute of Brewing 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/j.2050-0416.1972.tb03482.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Ragot F, Guinard JX, Shoemaker CF, Lewis MJ. THE CONTRIBUTION OF DEXTRINS TO BEER SENSORY PROPERTIES PART I. MOUTHFEEL. Journal of the Institute of Brewing 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/j.2050-0416.1989.tb04650.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Bréfort H, Guinard JX, Buhlert JE, Lewis MJ. THE CONTRIBUTION OF DEXTRINS OF BEER SENSORY PROPERTIES PART II. AFTERTASTE. Journal of the Institute of Brewing 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/j.2050-0416.1989.tb04651.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Pangborn RM, Lewis MJ, Tanno LS. SENSORY QUANTIFICATION OF BITTERNESS AND FLAVOUR OF BEER DURING STORAGE*. Journal of the Institute of Brewing 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/j.2050-0416.1977.tb03803.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Gomez JL, Lewis MJ, Sebastian V, Serrano P, Luine VN. Alcohol administration blocks stress-induced impairments in memory and anxiety, and alters hippocampal neurotransmitter receptor expression in male rats. Horm Behav 2013; 63:659-66. [PMID: 23376488 PMCID: PMC3646638 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2013.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2012] [Revised: 01/23/2013] [Accepted: 01/24/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Chronic exposure to stress has many deleterious effects on behavior, which can often lead to self-medication with anxiolytics, antidepressants, or alcohol. We determined the effects of alcohol administration following a stressor on established behavioral, physiological, and neural responses to stress. Male Sprague-Dawley rats received: No alcohol/No stress (CON), Alcohol alone (ALC), Stress alone (STR), or Stress plus Alcohol (STR+ALC). For seven consecutive days, two cohorts received an oral dose of 2.0 g/kg of either 20% ethanol or saline. In Cohort 1, behavioral testing began after the final treatment (day-8). Memory was tested using the object recognition (OR) and Y-maze, anxiety on the plus maze, and depression on the forced swim task. Memory on OR and Y-maze tasks was impaired in the ALC and STR groups. This deficit was reversed in the STR+ALC group, which performed not differently from the CON group. Stress alone was associated with increased anxiety, which was alleviated with alcohol treatment. No treatment effects were found in the forced swim task. In Cohort 2, hippocampal GABAα4 was upregulated in the STR+ALC group and GluN2B was upregulated in the ALC and STR+ALC groups. The STR+ALC group in Cohort 1 showed enhanced corticosterone levels after forced swim. The STR+ALC group in Cohort 2 showed increased corticosterone levels on day-1 of treatment and a habituation by day-7. In conclusion, this study found a reversal of stress-induced deficits in cognition and anxiety when alcohol was given post-stress, and changes in neurotransmitter receptor expression may contribute to these behavioral effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Gomez
- Department of Psychology, Hunter College of CUNY, 695 Park Ave, New York, NY 10065, USA.
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McNarry MA, Kingsley MIC, Lewis MJ. Relationship between changes in pulmonary V̇O₂ kinetics and autonomic regulation of blood flow. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2013; 24:613-21. [PMID: 23347008 DOI: 10.1111/sms.12041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Various regulatory mechanisms of pulmonary oxygen uptake (V̇O2) kinetics have been postulated. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between vagal withdrawal, measured using RMSSDRR, the root mean square of successive differences in cardiac interval (RR) kinetics, a mediator of oxygen delivery, and V̇O2 kinetics. Forty-nine healthy adults (23 ± 3 years; 72 ± 13 kg; 1.80 ± 0.08 m) performed multiple repeat transitions to moderate- and heavy-intensity exercise. Electrocardiography, impedance cardiography, and pulmonary gas exchange parameters were measured throughout; time domain measures of heart rate variability were subsequently derived. The parameters describing the dynamic response of V̇O2, cardiac output (Q) and RMSSDRR were determined using a mono-exponential model. During heavy-intensity exercise, the phase II τ of V̇O2 was significantly correlated with the τ of RR (r = 0.36, P < 0.05), Q (r = 0.67, P < 0.05), and RMSSDRR (r = 0.38, P < 0.05). The τ describing the rise in Q explained 47% of the variation in V̇O2 τ, with 30% of the rate of this rise in Q explained by the τ of RR and RMSSDRR. No relationship was evident between V̇O2 kinetics and those of Q, RR, or RMSSDRR during moderate exercise. Vagal withdrawal kinetics support the concept of a centrally mediated oxygen delivery limitation partly regulating V̇O2 kinetics during heavy-, but not moderate-, intensity exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A McNarry
- College of Engineering, Swansea University, Wales, UK
| | - M I C Kingsley
- College of Engineering, Swansea University, Wales, UK.,Faculty of Health Sciences, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - M J Lewis
- College of Engineering, Swansea University, Wales, UK
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