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Santos-Junior MN, Rezende IS, Souza CLS, Barbosa MS, Campos GB, Brito LF, Queiroz ÉC, Barbosa EN, Teixeira MM, Da Silva LO, Silva LSC, Nascimento FS, Da Silva TL, Martens AA, Siqueira AFP, Assumpção MEOD, Machado-Santelli GM, Bastos BL, Guimarães AMS, Timenetsky J, Marques LM. Ureaplasma diversum and Its Membrane-Associated Lipoproteins Activate Inflammatory Genes Through the NF-κB Pathway via Toll-Like Receptor 4. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:1538. [PMID: 30050519 PMCID: PMC6052353 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives:Ureaplasma diversum is a pathogen of cows that may cause intense inflammatory responses in the reproductive tract and interfere with bovine reproduction. The aims of this study were to evaluate the immune response of bovine blastocysts and macrophages to U. diversum infection and to evaluate the invasion capacity of this microorganism in bovine blastocysts. Methods: Viable and heat-inactivated U. diversum strains ATCC 49782 and CI-GOTA and their extracted membrane lipoproteins were inoculated in macrophages in the presence or absence of signaling blockers of Toll-Like Receptor (TLR) 4, TLR2/4, and Nuclear Factor KB (NF-κB). In addition, the same viable U. diversum strains were used to infect bovine blastocysts. RNA was extracted from infected and lipoprotein-exposed macrophages and infected blastocysts and assayed by qPCR to evaluate the expression of Interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β), Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha (TNF-α), TLR2 and TLR4 genes. U. diversum internalization in blastocysts was followed by confocal microscopy. Results: Both Ureaplasma strains and different concentrations of extracted lipoproteins induced a higher gene expression of IL-1β, TNF-α, TLR2, and TLR4 in macrophages (p < 0.05) when compared to non-infected cells. The used blockers inhibited the expression of IL-1β and TNF-α in all treatments. Moreover, U. diversum was able to internalize within blastocysts and induce a higher gene expression of IL-1b and TNF- α when compared to non-infected blastocysts (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The obtained results strongly suggest that U. diversum and its lipoproteins interact with TLR4 in a signaling pathway acting via NF-kB signaling to stimulate the inflammatory response. This is the first study to evaluate the in vitro immunological response of macrophages and bovine blastocysts against U. diversum. These results may contribute to a better understanding of the immunomodulatory activity and pathogenicity of this infectious agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoel N Santos-Junior
- Department of Biointeraction, Multidisciplinary Institute of Health, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista, Brazil.,Department of Microbiology, State University of Santa Cruz (UESC), Ilhéus, Brazil
| | - Izadora S Rezende
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Clarissa L S Souza
- Department of Biointeraction, Multidisciplinary Institute of Health, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista, Brazil
| | - Maysa S Barbosa
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Guilherme B Campos
- Department of Biointeraction, Multidisciplinary Institute of Health, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista, Brazil.,Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Laís F Brito
- Department of Biointeraction, Multidisciplinary Institute of Health, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista, Brazil
| | - Éllunny C Queiroz
- Department of Biointeraction, Multidisciplinary Institute of Health, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista, Brazil
| | - Elaine N Barbosa
- Department of Biointeraction, Multidisciplinary Institute of Health, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista, Brazil
| | - Mariana M Teixeira
- Department of Biointeraction, Multidisciplinary Institute of Health, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista, Brazil
| | - Letícia O Da Silva
- Department of Biointeraction, Multidisciplinary Institute of Health, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista, Brazil
| | - Lucas S C Silva
- Department of Biointeraction, Multidisciplinary Institute of Health, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista, Brazil
| | - Flávia S Nascimento
- Department of Biointeraction, Multidisciplinary Institute of Health, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista, Brazil
| | - Tassyo L Da Silva
- Department of Biointeraction, Multidisciplinary Institute of Health, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista, Brazil
| | - Adam A Martens
- Department of Cellular Biology and Development, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Adriano F P Siqueira
- Department of Animal Reproduction, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mayra E O D'Avila Assumpção
- Department of Animal Reproduction, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Glaucia M Machado-Santelli
- Department of Cellular Biology and Development, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bruno L Bastos
- Department of Biointeraction, Multidisciplinary Institute of Health, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista, Brazil
| | - Ana M S Guimarães
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jorge Timenetsky
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lucas M Marques
- Department of Biointeraction, Multidisciplinary Institute of Health, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista, Brazil.,Department of Microbiology, State University of Santa Cruz (UESC), Ilhéus, Brazil.,Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Oliveira RC, Yamaguti M, Marques LM, Buzinhani M, Rizzo H, Meira-Junior EBDS, Guimarães AMS, Gregory L, Timenetsky J. Molecular characterization of ureaplasmas isolated from reproductive tract of goats and sheep from Brazil. Braz J Microbiol 2017; 48:560-565. [PMID: 28320598 PMCID: PMC5498442 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjm.2016.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Revised: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 09/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovine/caprine ureaplasmas have not yet been assigned a species designation, but they have been classified into nine serotypes. Herein ureaplasmas were searched for in 120 samples of vulvo vaginal mucous from sheep and 98 samples from goats at 17 farms. In addition, semen samples were collected from 11 sheep and 23 goats. The recovered ureaplasma were from sheep and goats from animals without any reproductive disorder symptoms, but not all animals presented positive cultures. In sheep, 17 (68%) cultures of vulvovaginal mucous were positive for ureaplasma and 11 (27%) samples of semen presented positive cultures in animals with clinical signs of orchitis, balanoposthitis or low sperm motility. In goats four ureaplasma isolates were obtained from vulvovaginal mucus, but the semen samples were all negative. The isolates were submitted to Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis methodology and their 16S rRNA genes were sequenced. Fifty percent of ureaplasma recovered from sheep allowed for PFGE typing. Eleven isolates showed eight profiles genetically close to the bovine ureaplasmas. The 16S rRNA gene sequencing showed differences or similarities of isolates from sheep and goats, and the reference strains of bovine and human ureaplasma. Four clinical isolates from sheep were grouped separately. The studied ureaplasma isolates showed to be a diverse group of mollicutes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosângela C Oliveira
- Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Departamento de Microbiologia, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Maurício Yamaguti
- Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Departamento de Microbiologia, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Lucas M Marques
- Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Departamento de Microbiologia, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Universidade Federal da Bahia, Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Núcleo de Tecnologia em Saúde, Bahia, BA, Brazil.
| | - Melissa Buzinhani
- Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Departamento de Microbiologia, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Huber Rizzo
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Departamento de Clínica Médica, São Pualo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Ana Márcia S Guimarães
- Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Departamento de Microbiologia, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Lilian Gregory
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Departamento de Clínica Médica, São Pualo, SP, Brazil
| | - Jorge Timenetsky
- Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Departamento de Microbiologia, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Ureaplasma diversum Genome Provides New Insights about the Interaction of the Surface Molecules of This Bacterium with the Host. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0161926. [PMID: 27603136 PMCID: PMC5015763 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0161926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 08/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Whole genome sequencing and analyses of Ureaplasma diversum ATCC 49782 was undertaken as a step towards understanding U. diversum biology and pathogenicity. The complete genome showed 973,501 bp in a single circular chromosome, with 28.2% of G+C content. A total of 782 coding DNA sequences (CDSs), and 6 rRNA and 32 tRNA genes were predicted and annotated. The metabolic pathways are identical to other human ureaplasmas, including the production of ATP via hydrolysis of the urea. Genes related to pathogenicity, such as urease, phospholipase, hemolysin, and a Mycoplasma Ig binding protein (MIB)-Mycoplasma Ig protease (MIP) system were identified. More interestingly, a large number of genes (n = 40) encoding surface molecules were annotated in the genome (lipoproteins, multiple-banded antigen like protein, membrane nuclease lipoprotein and variable surface antigens lipoprotein). In addition, a gene encoding glycosyltransferase was also found. This enzyme has been associated with the production of capsule in mycoplasmas and ureaplasma. We then sought to detect the presence of a capsule in this organism. A polysaccharide capsule from 11 to 17 nm of U. diversum was observed trough electron microscopy and using specific dyes. This structure contained arabinose, xylose, mannose, galactose and glucose. In order to understand the inflammatory response against these surface molecules, we evaluated the response of murine macrophages J774 against viable and non-viable U. diversum. As with viable bacteria, non-viable bacteria were capable of promoting a significant inflammatory response by activation of Toll like receptor 2 (TLR2), indicating that surface molecules are important for the activation of inflammatory response. Furthermore, a cascade of genes related to the inflammasome pathway of macrophages was also up-regulated during infection with viable organisms when compared to non-infected cells. In conclusion, U. diversum has a typical ureaplasma genome and metabolism, and its surface molecules, including the identified capsular material, represent major components of the organism immunopathogenesis.
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Buzinhani M, Yamaguti M, Oliveira RC, Cortez BA, Marques LM, Machado-Santelli GM, Assumpção ME, Timenetsky J. Invasion of Ureaplasma diversum in bovine spermatozoids. BMC Res Notes 2011; 4:455. [PMID: 22032232 PMCID: PMC3219583 DOI: 10.1186/1756-0500-4-455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2011] [Accepted: 10/27/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ureaplasma diversum has been associated with infertility in cows. In bulls, this mollicute colonizes the prepuce and distal portion of the urethra and may infect sperm cells. The aim of this study is to analyze in vitro interaction of U. diversum isolates and ATCC strains with bovine spermatozoids. The interactions were observed by confocal microscopy and the gentamycin internalization assay. FINDINGS U. diversum were able to adhere to and invade spermatozoids after 30 min of infection. The gentamicin resistance assay confirmed the intracellularity and survival of U. diversum in bovine spermatozoids. CONCLUSIONS The intracellular nature of bovine ureaplasma identifies a new difficulty to control the reproductive of these animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Buzinhani
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil.
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