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Zalig V, Vengust M, Blagus R, Berner D, Sandow C, Hanna A, Miklavcic M. The difference in radiographic findings in the distal limbs of working Lipizzan horses, used for dressage or driving. Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1393325. [PMID: 38868502 PMCID: PMC11168202 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1393325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Lameness originating from the distal limb is common in sport horses and can vary depending on the dynamics of movement and the surface, with differences in shoeing exacerbating this variability. Driving horses work primarily on hard surfaces (pavement), whereas dressage horses work primarily on soft surfaces (riding arenas with sand). Driving horses are traditionally shod with small fixed studs made of hard metal, which are attached to the horseshoe at 4 points, while dressage horses are shod with a simple horseshoe. We investigated the hypothesis that there is a difference in the pathological radiographic findings of the distal limbs between driving and dressage horses. The variability in the stable management and training program was minimized by including horses from the same farm. Methods Twenty horses in a driving training program and 20 horses in a dressage program were included in the study. Radiographs of the both front feet were obtained and quantitatively evaluated for radiographic changes by three surgery/diagnostic imaging specialists. Interrater reliability was measured, and multivariate analysis was performed to compare differences in pathological radiographic findings of the distal limbs between the two groups. Results Kendal's concordance coefficient indicated an agreement among raters (Kw ≠ 0) for all observations. Radiographic signs of degenerative joint disease of the distal interphalangeal joint were more common in the group of driving horses compared to dressage horses. Conclusion Our hypothesis was confirmed, as there were significant pathological differences between groups in distal articular margin of middle phalanx, joint space narrowing, and irregular joint surface of the middle phalanx.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Modest Vengust
- Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Rok Blagus
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | | | - Cole Sandow
- Cole Sandow - Hagyard Equine Medical Institute, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Ashley Hanna
- Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
| | - Mitja Miklavcic
- UC Davis School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, CA, United States
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Herholz C, Siegwart J, Nussbaum M, Studer MHP, Burgos S. Large Temporal Variations of Functional Properties of Outdoor Equestrian Arena Surfaces and a New Concept of Evaluating Reactivity With Light Weight Deflectometer Settlement Curves. J Equine Vet Sci 2023; 129:104909. [PMID: 37597593 DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2023.104909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023]
Abstract
Sports physiological properties of ten sand or sand-mineral outdoor arenas, five with vertical drainage systems and five with an ebb and flow like system were assessed over a period of 8 weeks. For each arena, the riding zone was spatially delineated, nine locations at medium to intensely used zones were selected by simple random sampling and used along the whole measurement period. A total of 72 values for the dynamic deflection modulus (Evd), attenuation (s/v), settlement (s) and moisture content (Vol %) were analyzed for each arena. A novel technique to analyze the settlement curves of the light weight deflectometer (LWD) to describe reactivity of the footing surface was introduced. Statistical testing was done by linear mixed models. Three of the five arenas with a vertical watering system were judged to be hard (Evd > 20 MN/m2), whereas all five arenas with an ebb and flow like watering systems were medium hard (Evd = 10-20 MN/m2) over the entire 8 weeks. Significant (P < .01) temporal differences in Evd, s/v and moisture were demonstrated for both watering systems; however, the spatial and temporal variations were much lower with the ebb-flow system. Temporal consistency in the parameters over the test weeks appeared to be a criterion for stability of the arena surface. The analysis of the settlement curves of the LWD showed that the slope symmetry has a large potential to describe the restoration of the energy of an equestrian surface than only the settlement, which requires further validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conny Herholz
- Agriculture, Equine Science and Soil Use and Conservation, Bern University of Applied Sciences, School of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences (HAFL) Länggasse 85, Zollikofen, Switzerland.
| | - Janina Siegwart
- Agriculture, Equine Science and Soil Use and Conservation, Bern University of Applied Sciences, School of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences (HAFL) Länggasse 85, Zollikofen, Switzerland
| | - Madlene Nussbaum
- Agriculture, Equine Science and Soil Use and Conservation, Bern University of Applied Sciences, School of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences (HAFL) Länggasse 85, Zollikofen, Switzerland
| | - Michael Hans-Peter Studer
- Agriculture, Equine Science and Soil Use and Conservation, Bern University of Applied Sciences, School of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences (HAFL) Länggasse 85, Zollikofen, Switzerland
| | - Stéphane Burgos
- Agriculture, Equine Science and Soil Use and Conservation, Bern University of Applied Sciences, School of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences (HAFL) Länggasse 85, Zollikofen, Switzerland
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Merridale-Punter MS, Wiethoelter AK, El-Hage CM, Hitchens PL. Prevalence and Factors Associated with Working Equid Lameness in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12223100. [PMID: 36428328 PMCID: PMC9686919 DOI: 10.3390/ani12223100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Lameness is an important concern in working equids of low- and middle-income communities (LMICs) with significant One Welfare implications. This study aims to determine the prevalence and influencing factors of lameness in working equids of LMICs. A systematic review and meta-analysis were performed to investigate pooled outcome prevalence using a random intercept regression model. Subgroup and sensitivity analysis were performed through meta-regression. A meta-analysis of study factors for lameness prevalence was performed. Sixty-four studies were included in the review. The pooled prevalence of lameness was 29.9% (n = 42, 95% CI 17-47%), while the pooled prevalence of gait abnormality was 62.9% (n = 12; 95% CI 31-87%). When considering both outcomes together, the pooled prevalence was 38.4% (n = 46; 95% CI 23-57%) with a significant (p = 0.02) difference between lameness (29.5%; 95% CI 16-48%) and gait abnormality (78.8%; 95% CI 40-95%). Species, country income level, gait assessed, and risk of bias did not significantly affect the pooled prevalence. Lower body condition scores, unresponsive attitudes, and old age were the most frequently reported factors positively associated with lameness-related outcomes. Working 7 days per week was positively associated with lameness. The standardization of outcome terminology, grading systems, and study factor categorization is recommended to enable more accurate interpretation and comparison between studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathilde S. Merridale-Punter
- Equine Lameness and Imaging Centre, Melbourne Veterinary School, University of Melbourne, 250 Princes Hwy, Werribee, VIC 3030, Australia
| | - Anke K. Wiethoelter
- Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Charles M. El-Hage
- Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Peta L. Hitchens
- Equine Lameness and Imaging Centre, Melbourne Veterinary School, University of Melbourne, 250 Princes Hwy, Werribee, VIC 3030, Australia
- Correspondence:
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Dyson S, Pollard D. Application of the Ridden Horse Pain Ethogram to Horses Competing at the Hickstead-Rotterdam Grand Prix Challenge and the British Dressage Grand Prix National Championship 2020 and Comparison with World Cup Grand Prix Competitions. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:1820. [PMID: 34207251 PMCID: PMC8235099 DOI: 10.3390/ani11061820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The Ridden Horse Pain Ethogram (RHpE) comprising 24 behaviours was developed to facilitate the identification of musculoskeletal discomfort, with scores of ≥8/24 indicating the presence of pain. The median RHpE score for 147 competitors at World Cup Grand Prix events from 2018 to 2020 was three (interquartile range [IQR] 1-4; range 0-7). The aim of the current study was to apply the RHpE to 38 competitors at the Hickstead-Rotterdam Grand Prix Challenge and 26 competitors at the British Dressage Grand Prix National Championship in 2020. The median RHpE scores were four (IQR 3-6; range 0-8) and six (IQR 4-7; range 1-9), respectively, which were both higher (p = 0.0011 and p = 0.0000) than the World Cup competitors' scores. Ears back ≥ 5 s (p = 0.005), intense stare ≥ 5 s (p = 0.000), repeated tail swishing (p = 0.000), hindlimb toe drag (p = 0.000), repeated tongue-out (p = 0.003) and crooked tail-carriage (p = 0.000) occurred more frequently. These were associated with a higher frequency of lameness, abnormalities of canter, and errors in rein-back, passage and piaffe, canter flying-changes and canter pirouettes compared with World Cup competitors. There was a moderate negative correlation between the dressage judges' scores and the RHpE scores (Spearman's rho -0.66, p = 0.0002) at the British Championship. Performance and welfare may be improved by recognition and appropriate treatment of underlying problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sue Dyson
- The Cottage, Church Road, Market Weston, Diss IP22 2NX, UK
| | - Danica Pollard
- The Rodhams, Rodham Road, Christchurch, Wisbech PE14 9NU, UK;
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Chatel M, Tabor G, Williams J, Williams J. An evaluation of factors affecting show jumping warm-up on subsequent show jumping performance in 1.30 m class. COMPARATIVE EXERCISE PHYSIOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.3920/cep200026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Show jumping causes physical and physiological stress on horses’ musculoskeletal structures, which can lead to decreased performance and injury. Appropriate warm-ups can enhance performance, decrease injury risk, as well as increase oxygen kinetics for better efficiency. Despite this, little is known for how warm-up routines affect show jumping performance. Forty-five warm-up routines of show jumpers preparing to enter the show ring were recorded and analysed. Kruskal Wallis analyses with post-hoc Mann Whitney U tests identified if the number of classes combinations completed, types of jumps attempted, warm-up duration, and time spent in each gait during the warm-up varied with rider and horse sex and age, and faults. Spearman correlations assessed if relationships occurred between warm-up duration and content, and the number of faults in the show ring, and horse age. Warm-up ranged from 3:51 to 62:46 min (median 15:09 min) and included at least two jumps (range 2-15). Walk was the most common gait, while upright fences were jumped the most. Knocking down or refusing a fence when warming up did not affect performance. Male riders jumped uprights twice as much as female riders (P<0.03) but this did not impact their performances. Jumping a class prior to the 1.30 affected warm-up, competitors spent longer on the flat before jumping in they had competed earlier in the day (P<0.05) and had fewer jump attempts if they had competed in the class just prior to the 1.30 m (P<0.007). Even though no significant differences were detected, combinations which accumulated >8 faults spent less time warming up. These results suggest warm-up tactics, riders and horses’ age and sex did not influence significantly fault accumulation in the show ring, however warm up routines were influenced by rider decision making and horse age.
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Affiliation(s)
- M.M. Chatel
- Hartpury College, 135 Allée des Pensées, 13300 Salon de Provence, France
| | - G. Tabor
- Hartpury University, Gloucester, GL19 3BE, United Kingdom
| | - J.R. Williams
- Hartpury University, Gloucester, GL19 3BE, United Kingdom
| | - J.M. Williams
- Hartpury University, Gloucester, GL19 3BE, United Kingdom
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6
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Dyson S, Bondi A, Routh J, Pollard D. An investigation into the relationship between equine behaviour when tacked‐up and mounted and epaxial muscle hypertonicity or pain, girth region hypersensitivity, saddle‐fit, rider position and balance, and lameness. EQUINE VET EDUC 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/eve.13440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - J. Routh
- Centre for Equine Studies, Animal Health TrustSuffolk
- University of Surrey School of Veterinary MedicineGuildfordUK
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7
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Risk Factors for the Occurrence of Desmopathy of the Collateral Ligaments of the Distal Interphalangeal Joint in Equines – A Cross-Sectional Study. ACTA VET-BEOGRAD 2020. [DOI: 10.2478/acve-2020-0032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Desmopathy of the collateral ligaments of the distal interphalangeal joint (CL-DIPJ) has been increasingly relevant in equine sports medicine. However, the risk factors for the development of such desmopathy are not well established. In the literature, what has been described about it, is based on the clinical conditions observed in animals diagnosed with this disorder. Considering this scenario, the aim of this study was to verify which possible extrinsic or intrinsic risk factors may influence the occurrence of disorders in the collateral ligaments of the distal interphalangeal joint in polo horses. Twenty-five horses from the same equestrian team, all competing in polo, were evaluated via ultrasonography. The outcome was defined as changes in echogenicity and/or boundaries of the CL-DIPJ of the thoracic limbs of the horses evaluated. The intrinsic factors considered in this study were age, the presence of angular deviations and gender. As extrinsic factors, the parameters taken into consideration were the handicap in which the animals played and the type of training to which these horses were previously submitted in their professional athletic career. The prevalence ratio was used to verify the association between risk factor and outcome. The result of this evaluation was considered significant when the confidence interval value did not involve the value 1. Positive and significant association was observed only for age. Playing in different handicaps did not influence the presence of ligament disorders. The other factors evaluated revealed a positive but not significant association. Thus, it was concluded that animals aged nine years or older present a higher risk of CL-DIPJ disorders.
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8
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The effect of curve running on distal limb kinematics in the Thoroughbred racehorse. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0244105. [PMID: 33373408 PMCID: PMC7771664 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0244105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
During racing, injury is more likely to occur on a bend than on a straight segment of track. This study aimed to quantify the effects of galloping at training speeds on large radius curves on stride parameters and limb lean angle in order to assess estimated consequences for limb loading. Seven Thoroughbred horses were equipped with a sacrum-mounted inertial measurement unit with an integrated GPS, two hoof-mounted accelerometers and retro-reflective markers on the forelimbs. Horses galloped 2–4 circuits anticlockwise around an oval track and were filmed at 120 frames per second using an array of ten cameras. Speed and curve radius were derived from GPS data and used to estimate the centripetal acceleration necessary to navigate the curve. Stride, stance and swing durations and duty factor (DF) were derived from accelerometer data. Limb markers were tracked and whole limb and third metacarpus (MCIII) angles were calculated. Data were analysed using mixed effects models with a significance level of p < 0.05. For horses galloping on the correct lead, DF was higher for the inside (lead) leg on the straight and on the curve. For horses galloping on the incorrect lead, there was no difference in DF between inside and outside legs on the straight or on the curve. DF decreased by 0.61% of DF with each 1 m s-2 increase in centripetal acceleration (p < 0.001). Whole limb inclination angle increased by 1.5° per 1 m s-1 increase in speed (p = 0.002). Limb lean angles increase as predicted, and lead limb function mirrors the functional requirements for curve running. A more comprehensive understanding of the effects of lean and torque on the distal limb is required to understand injury mechanisms.
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9
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Mostafa MB, Elemmawy YM. Relationships between morphometric measurements and musculoskeletal disorders in jumping Thoroughbred horses. J Equine Sci 2020; 31:23-27. [PMID: 32617072 PMCID: PMC7316700 DOI: 10.1294/jes.31.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
There is limited knowledge about causes of musculoskeletal injury in jumping Thoroughbred
horses. The objective of this study was to describe the relationships between
musculoskeletal disorders and linear and angular limb measurements acquired from
photographs of horses with markers at specific reference points. The diagnosed
musculoskeletal disorders in either fore or hind limbs were flexor tendonitis, suspensory
ligaments desmitis, and osteoarthritis of the distal intertarsal and tarso-metatarsal and
carpometacarpal joints. Lengths and angles in 17 clinically normal jumping Thoroughbred
horses and 34 horses with musculoskeletal problems were measured. Horses with
musculoskeletal disorders had significantly shorter neck, shoulder, and pelvis lengths
(P<0.05), significantly longer arm and forearm front lengths (P<0.05), and
significantly lower front shoulder, elbow, and hind fetlock joint angles (P<0.05). In
conclusion, this study describes significant relationships between linear and angular
morphometric measurements and musculoskeletal disorders in jumping Thoroughbred horses.
These data could possibly provide indicators for better selection of jumpers with less
risk of developing orthopedic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed B Mostafa
- Department of Veterinary Surgery Anesthesiology and Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, P.O. Box 12211 Giza, Egypt
| | - Yahya M Elemmawy
- Department of Veterinary Surgery Anesthesiology and Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, P.O. Box 12211 Giza, Egypt
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Tivey ML, Van Dijk J, Dyson S. Extensive ossification of the ungular cartilages and other osseous abnormalities of the proximal and distal phalanges. EQUINE VET EDUC 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/eve.13165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M.‐E. L. Tivey
- Centre for Equine Studies Animal Health Trust NewmarketSuffolkUK
| | - J. Van Dijk
- Centre for Preventative Medicine Animal Health Trust Newmarket Suffolk UK
| | - S. Dyson
- Centre for Equine Studies Animal Health Trust NewmarketSuffolkUK
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11
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Boado A, Nagy A, Dyson S. Ultrasonographic features associated with the lumbosacral or lumbar 5–6 symphyses in 64 horses with lumbosacral‐sacroiliac joint region pain (2012–2018). EQUINE VET EDUC 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/eve.13236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Boado
- Monte Hijedo 56 Boadilla del Monte Madrid Spain
| | - A. Nagy
- Centre for Equine Studies Animal Health Trust Newmarket Suffolk UK
| | - S. Dyson
- Centre for Equine Studies Animal Health Trust Newmarket Suffolk UK
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12
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Legg KA, Colborne GR, Gee EK, Rogers CW. Elastic properties of collateral and sesamoid ligaments in the forelimbs of equine cadavers. Am J Vet Res 2019; 80:923-930. [DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.80.10.923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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13
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Dyson S, Busoni V, Salciccia A. Intervertebral disc disease of the cervical and cranial thoracic vertebrae in equidae: eight cases. EQUINE VET EDUC 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/eve.13125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Dyson
- Centre for Equine Studies Animal Health Trust Newmarket Suffolk UK
| | - V. Busoni
- Equine Clinic University of Liège Liège Belgium
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Greve L, Dyson S. What can we learn from visual and objective assessment of non‐lame and lame horses in straight lines, on the lunge and ridden? EQUINE VET EDUC 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/eve.13016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L. Greve
- Centre for Equine Studies Animal Health Trust Newmarket Suffolk UK
| | - S. Dyson
- Centre for Equine Studies Animal Health Trust Newmarket Suffolk UK
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Mullard J, Ireland J, Dyson S. Radiographic assessment of the ratio of the hoof wall distal phalanx distance to palmar length of the distal phalanx in 415 front feet of 279 horses. EQUINE VET EDUC 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/eve.13004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Mullard
- Centre for Equine Studies Animal Health Trust Suffolk UK
| | - J. Ireland
- Centre for Preventive Medicine Animal Health Trust Suffolk UK
| | - S. Dyson
- Centre for Equine Studies Animal Health Trust Suffolk UK
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Dyson S, Berger JM, Ellis AD, Mullard J. Behavioral observations and comparisons of nonlame horses and lame horses before and after resolution of lameness by diagnostic analgesia. J Vet Behav 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jveb.2018.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Gutierrez-Nibeyro SD, McCoy AM, Selberg KT. Recent advances in conservative and surgical treatment options of common equine foot problems. Vet J 2018; 237:9-15. [PMID: 30089549 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2018.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2017] [Revised: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Foot problems are very common causes of lameness in horses. With the recent diagnostic advances to evaluate and treat foot pathology as well as to monitor response to therapy, it is now possible to more accurately evaluate the effectiveness of many of these treatments. This review details some of the recent advances of the most common conservative and surgical treatment options for foot problems in horses, including an overview of evidence on the efficacy to support the use of these treatment options and on factors that may affect prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- S D Gutierrez-Nibeyro
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA.
| | - A M McCoy
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - K T Selberg
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
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Quiney LE, Ireland JL, Dyson SJ. Evaluation of the diagnostic accuracy of skeletal scintigraphy for the causes of front foot pain determined by magnetic resonance imaging. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2018; 59:490-498. [PMID: 29750846 DOI: 10.1111/vru.12627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Revised: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
There is good correlation between increased radiopharmaceutical uptake anywhere in the feet of sports or leisure horses and the presence of foot pain. However, low sensitivity of scintigraphy for identifying lesions contributing to foot pain as determined by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been reported. The aim of this retrospective, cross-sectional, analytical study was to assess the accuracy of scintigraphy for identifying the cause(s) of foot pain, using MRI as the reference standard. Sports and leisure horses that underwent both skeletal scintigraphy and MRI of the front feet between March 2008 and December 2014 and for which a definitive diagnosis of the cause(s) of front foot pain was reached were included (121 feet of 70 horses). Imaging studies were evaluated retrospectively, blindly. Agreements between scintigraphic localization of increased radiopharmaceutical uptake and subjective categorization of lesions with MRI diagnosis were assessed using Kappa statistics (κ). Measures of diagnostic accuracy were calculated. Sensitivity of increased radiopharmaceutical uptake varied among regions (31.8-76.2%) but specificity was at least high for all (84.6-100%). Agreements between both scintigraphy measures and MRI diagnosis were substantial for the distal phalanx (palmar processes and body) (κ = 0.77 and κ = 0.74, respectively), and ungular cartilages and chondral ligaments (κ = 0.62, for both). When all regions were combined, agreements of increased radiopharmaceutical uptake (κ = 0.49) and relevance categorization (κ = 0.45) with MRI diagnosis were moderate. In conclusion, skeletal scintigraphy does not meet the minimum reliability level for a diagnostic test, but is reliable for identification of osseous trauma to the distal phalanx and ungular cartilages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura E Quiney
- Centre for Equine Studies, Animal Health Trust, Newmarket, Suffolk, CB8 7UU, UK
| | - Joanne L Ireland
- Centre for Equine Studies, Animal Health Trust, Newmarket, Suffolk, CB8 7UU, UK
| | - Sue J Dyson
- Centre for Equine Studies, Animal Health Trust, Newmarket, Suffolk, CB8 7UU, UK
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Dyson S, Berger J, Ellis AD, Mullard J. Development of an ethogram for a pain scoring system in ridden horses and its application to determine the presence of musculoskeletal pain. J Vet Behav 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jveb.2017.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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21
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Dyson S, Tranquille C, Walker V, Guire R, Fisher M, Murray R. A subjective descriptive study of the warm-up and turn to a fence, approach, take-off, suspension, landing and move-off in 10 showjumpers. EQUINE VET EDUC 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/eve.12699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Dyson
- Centre for Equine Studies; Animal Health Trust; Lanwades Park; Newmarket Suffolk UK
| | - C. Tranquille
- Centre for Equine Studies; Animal Health Trust; Lanwades Park; Newmarket Suffolk UK
| | - V. Walker
- Centre for Equine Studies; Animal Health Trust; Lanwades Park; Newmarket Suffolk UK
| | - R. Guire
- Centaur Biomechanics; Warwickshire UK
| | - M. Fisher
- Woolcroft Equine Services Ltd.; Wisbech Cambridgeshire UK
| | - R. Murray
- Centre for Equine Studies; Animal Health Trust; Lanwades Park; Newmarket Suffolk UK
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Application of PK/PD Modeling in Veterinary Field: Dose Optimization and Drug Resistance Prediction. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 2016:5465678. [PMID: 26989688 PMCID: PMC4771886 DOI: 10.1155/2016/5465678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Revised: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Among veterinary drugs, antibiotics are frequently used. The true mean of antibiotic treatment is to administer dose of drug that will have enough high possibility of attaining the preferred curative effect, with adequately low chance of concentration associated toxicity. Rising of antibacterial resistance and lack of novel antibiotic is a global crisis; therefore there is an urgent need to overcome this problem. Inappropriate antibiotic selection, group treatment, and suboptimal dosing are mostly responsible for the mentioned problem. One approach to minimizing the antibacterial resistance is to optimize the dosage regimen. PK/PD model is important realm to be used for that purpose from several years. PK/PD model describes the relationship between drug potency, microorganism exposed to drug, and the effect observed. Proper use of the most modern PK/PD modeling approaches in veterinary medicine can optimize the dosage for patient, which in turn reduce toxicity and reduce the emergence of resistance. The aim of this review is to look at the existing state and application of PK/PD in veterinary medicine based on in vitro, in vivo, healthy, and disease model.
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23
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Dyson S. Evaluation of poor performance in competition horses: A musculoskeletal perspective. Part 1: Clinical assessment. EQUINE VET EDUC 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/eve.12426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Dyson
- Centre for Equine Studies; Animal Health Trust; Newmarket Suffolk UK
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Affiliation(s)
- M. L. H. Campbell
- Department of Production and Population Health; The Royal Veterinary College; UK
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25
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Abstract
The use of performance analysis is commonplace throughout competitive sports, however, uptake is limited within equestrianism. This review considers the potential for wider implementation of performance analysis techniques within equine sports via contextualisation to showjumping: the horse, rider and the horse and rider dyad. There appears to be limited research available to underpin evaluation of the multiple facets that comprise competitive success in showjumping, with biomechanical evaluation of the jumping phases most established. This presents opportunities for collaboration between the equine industry, researchers and performance analysts to expand knowledge of what contributes to success for horse and rider partnerships in all equine disciplines.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Williams
- University of the West of England, Hartpury, Gloucester, GL19 3BE, United Kingdom
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